تلقى DaSilva AF دعم التمويل من منح التمويل CTSA التكنولوجيا الفائقة ، وجامعة ميشيغان لإكمال هذا الاستعراض. ويتم تمويل فولز MS بواسطة منحة من منح شاريتيه ستيفتونغ.

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S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cortical+stimulation+of+the+prefrontal+cortex+with+transcranial+direct+current+stimulation+reduces+cue-provoked+smoking+craving:+a+randomized,+sham-controlled+study.">Cortical stimulation of the prefrontal cortex with transcranial direct current stimulation reduces cue-provoked smoking craving: a randomized, sham-controlled study.</a> J Clin Psychiatry. 69 (1), 32-32 (2006).</li></ol>

جامعة سيتي في نيويورك حاصل على براءة اختراع تحفيز الدماغ ، والتي ماروم Bikson هو المخترع. ماروم Bikson هو المؤسس المشارك لشركة Soterix الطبية

خطوات حاسمة : الجوانب التي ينبغي فحصها قبل بدء الإجراء : <ul style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> بادئ ذي بدء ، يجب فحص المرضى عن ما إذا كانت هناك أي موانع لtDCS -- وهذه قد تكون موانع تطبيق معين. وهذا يشمل مسائل مثل وجود صداع شديد أو متكرر ، اضطراب مزمن الجلد ، أو ردود الفعل السلبية على علاج tDCS السابقة. إذا كان أو كانت لديه أي معدني في الرأس أو يعاني من اصابة خطيرة في المخ ، قد التغيرات التشريحية تعديل تدفق التيار 23،24. التاريخ من الحمل ، ومصادرة التاريخ من السكتة الدماغية هي عادة ليست موانع صارمة -- وبالفعل ، قد تكون معايير إدراجها في بعض التجارب السريرية. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> يجب التحقق من أي آفات على فروة الرأس ، بالإضافة إلى موضوعات تمت مقابلتهم على وجه التحديد وفتشت عن وجود أمراض الجلد. إذا كان هناك أي إصابات ، ينبغي تجنب tDCS الداخلي ، أو إذا كان ذلك مناسبا ، ضمنت أنه لن تجرى التحفيز مباشرة أو عبر أكثر من الآفة. ويمكن اعتبار تحفيز موقع مختلف. وأفيد أن tDCS اليومية المتكررة أسباب هامة سريريا تهيج الجلد تحت الأقطاب في بعض المرضى 7. هناك أدلة من الآفات التي يسببها tDCS وفقا لسلامة الجلد. على سبيل المثال ، فقد تبين احمرار واسعة النطاق والتغيرات داخل الجلد البني يابس مع الأشكال المستديرة غير النظامية بسبب تحفيز TDC في شدة من 2 مللي أمبير لمدة 2 اسابيع بما في ذلك خمس جلسات كل أسبوع 25. إذا يشار بقوة tDCS أو أن تتم ، فمن الممكن أن تأخذ في الاعتبار لحفز مع انخفاض كثافة مثل 0،5-1،0 أمبير ، ولكن ليس مضمونا أن هذا سوف يمنع تهيج الجلد أو الآفات. وبالتالي ، ينبغي تفقد حالة الجلد تحت الأقطاب قبل وبعد tDCS 7. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تحقق من وصلات الكابلات عن التحليل الكهربائي. استخدام زوج آخر إذا كان واضحا. فمن المستحسن للتحقق من الكابلات بعد حوالي شهرين من الاستخدام. </li></ul> خلال النشطة على حد سواء ، أو صورية tDCS دائما أسأل ما إذا كان الموضوع لا يزال يشعر بالراحة ويكون قادرا على مواصلة العملية. التعديلات الممكنة : <ul style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> هناك العديد من انواع المواقع القطب 7 (الجدول 2). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> هناك أصناف كثيرة من الأحجام الكهربائي 26 (الشكل 7). نظرا لتطبيق الحالي ، وحجم الكهربائي يؤثر على الكثافة الحالية 18 ويؤثر على الدماغ focality التشكيل (الشكل 8). وتشير الدراسات السريرية أصغر حجم القطب الأكبر كثافة 26 الحالي ، ومع ذلك تشير دراسات النمذجة إلى أن العلاقة بين حجم ومساحة القطب تعديل الدماغ قد يكون أكثر تعقيدا 27. وعلاوة على ذلك ، يمكن للآثار من الأقطاب الكهربائية الصغيرة تختلف نوعيا بسبب تحويلة الفرق الحالية في فروة الرأس ، وزيادة التأثير النسبي لحافة منطقة القطب الشاملة 7. هناك بشكل كبير مستويات متفوقة من تحويلة لأحجام صغيرة وذكرت الكهربائي من لمخططات أكبر قطب 19. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> عالية الوضوح tDCS (HD - tDCS) هي التكنولوجيا التي تحسن focality المكانية ولكنها تتطلب معدات خاصة والضوابط الإجرائية 15. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> والمونتاج الكهربائي (موقف القطب والحجم) جنبا إلى جنب مع تطبيق الحالي تحديد ولدت قوة الحقل الكهربائي في الدماغ ، مما يؤدي بدوره ، ويحدد مدى فعالية tDCS. وقد اقترح استخدام كثافة القطب مجرد الحالية ، التي تحددها النسبة بين القوة الحالية وحجم القطب ، لتطبيع النتائج السريرية -- ولكن الدراسات تشير الى أن هذه النماذج قد لا تنطبق إلا على نطاق محدود ، وأنه عموما التصميم المونتاج القطب يحدد النتيجة. عموما ، وزيادة الكثافة الحالية (أو الكثافة الحالية) عن أي نتيجة نظرا المونتاج في أقوى التأثيرات. ومن المهم أن نلاحظ أن الكثافة الحالية على سطح الجلد هو أعلى من ذلك بكثير في الدماغ 19 (الشكل 9). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> موقف &quot;العودة&quot; (&quot;المرجع&quot;) قد تؤثر في القطب الشامل نمط تدفق التيار من خلال الدماغ ، وبالتالي التأثير على المخ تحت التشكيل حتى الأقطاب النشطة 22. وبالتالي يجب أن تعتبر جرعة كل من الأقطاب الكهربائية. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> مدة التحفيز يتوقف على الهدف من المنهج التجريبي. ويرتبط بزيادة مدة التحفيز مع حدوث وأطول مدة من آثار ما بعد 3،4. ومع ذلك ذكرت الدراسة واحدة على الأقل عكس الاتجاهات آثار عندما تمت زيادة مدة التحفيز ، مما يشير إلى أن أكثر كثافة لا تترجم بالضرورة إلى نتائج سريرية أكثر قوة. على الرغم من يعتبر tDCS ضمن معايير نشر آمن وجيد التحمل ، والقدرة على الآثار الجانبية غير المرغوب فيها مع زيادة كثافة متزايدة (الوقت ، duratiعلى ، أو تكرار معدل / العدد). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> اتجاه الحقل الكهربائي : تحددها مواقف أقطاب وقطبية. التحفيز المهبطي يقلل عادة استثارة القشرية ، في حين أن التحفيز مصعدي يزيد عادة استثارة 2،3 القشرية. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> همي : للحصول على الشام tDCS يستخدم نفس البروتوكول أعلاه. ومع ذلك ، سيتم تطبيق الحالي لمدة 30 ثانية. هذا هو واحد من مزايا tDCS بالمقارنة مع غيرها من المنظمات غير الغازية أساليب تحفيز المخ. منذ الأحاسيس الناتجة عن tDCS الناشئة النشطة تميل إلى أن يحدث إلا في المراحل الأولى من التطبيق ، وهذه الطريقة الصورية يجعل من الصعب على المريض أن يميز وهمي من تطبيق tDCS النشطة. هذا التحفيز الأولي وجيزة هي طريقة موثوقة وهمي 28. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> ويمكن أيضا ملاحظة أن هذه التقنية يمكن تطبيقها عند استخدام العلاجات الأخرى مثل الكهرباء عبر الجمجمة جان التقييم التقني 29 أو 30 tRNS. </li></ul> الأساس المنطقي لاستخدام tDCS في الآلام المزمنة : حقيقة أن العديد من الطرائق العلاجية الدوائية تقديم الإغاثة متواضع فقط للمرضى الألم المزمن يزيد من احتمال أن يكون السبب وراء استمرار هذه الفوضى المنهكة قد تقع ضمن التغييرات التجميلية في الشبكات العصبية الألم ذات الصلة. ومن المثير للاهتمام ، يمكن أن يتحقق التشكيل النشاط القشرية غير جراحية بواسطة tDCS ، كما هو موضح سابقا ، والتي تم الإبلاغ عن الآثار العلاجية لانتاج دائم في الألم المزمن بسبب التغيرات في اللدونة القشرية. سريرية تأثير tDCS في الألم المزمن : وقد تبين أن tDCS تطبيقها على القشرة الحركية التغييرات القشرية استثارة المحلي (الشكل 6) 6. أكثر دقة ، ونتائج التحفيز مصعدي في زيادة استثارة الخلايا العصبية ، في حين أن التحفيز قد المهبطي 6 نتائج معاكسة. في الواقع ، على تطبيق مصعدي tDCS M1 يؤدي إلى مزيد من التحسن في نطاق التماثلية البصرية (VAS) تقييمات الألم من tDCS صورية. وقد استنسخ هذا التأثير العلاجي على الألم بعد التحفيز M1 ، وإن عابرة ، في عدة مجموعات من المرضى الذين يعانون من أعراض آلام الأعصاب مثل التهاب العصب الثالث ، poststroke متلازمة الألم 31 وآلام الظهر وفيبروميالغيا 32. ومن المثير للاهتمام ، وأظهرت التجارب السريرية في ألم الأعصاب ، وذلك بسبب إصابة الحبل الشوكي ، والتحفيز من القشرة الحركية التي tDCS تحسن الألم والتأثير التراكمي للمسكنات التي استمرت اسبوعين بعد التحفيز. وهناك أيضا أدلة على أثره مسكن في المرضى الذين يعانون فيبروميالغيا 33 التي لا تزال كبيرة بعد ثلاثة أسابيع من المتابعة لtDCS مصعدي من M1 مقارنة مع صورية التحفيز ، وكذلك تحفيز DLPFC 33. على الرغم من أن آثار tDCS مصعدي على DLFPC لتحسين الألم لم تستكشف على نطاق واسع ، فقد تبين أنها يمكن أن تستخدم لتعديل عتبات الألم في الاشخاص الاصحاء 34. ومع ذلك ، والتحفيز لهذه المنطقة في الدماغ هو أسلوب موثوق بها لتعزيز الذاكرة العاملة 10 ، وزيادة الأداء على المهام الذاكرة في مرض الزهايمر (9) والحد من جديلة ، أثارت شغف التدخين بشكل كبير 35 على سبيل المثال ، وبالتالي فمن المتصور أيضا أن هذه قد تكون استراتيجية مفيدة لتعديل الوجدانية والعاطفية الشبكات المعرفية المرتبطة بمعالجة المرضى الذين يعانون من آلام في الألم المزمن.

electrode positioning and montage in transcranial direct current stimulation

العابر لتحفيز التيار المباشر (tDCS) هو الاسلوب الذي تم التحقيق بشكل مكثف خلال السنوات العشر الماضية حيث أن هذا الأسلوب يوفر بديلا غير الغازية وآمنة لتغيير استثارة القشرية 2. يمكن للتأثيرات دورة واحدة tDCS الماضي لعدة دقائق ، وآثارها تعتمد على الاستقطاب من التحفيز ، مثل التحفيز المهبطي يؤدي الى انخفاض في استثارة القشرية ، والتحفيز مصعدي يدفع زيادة في استثارة القشرية التي قد تستمر إلى ما بعد مدة التحفيز 6. وقد استكشفت هذه الآثار في علم الأعصاب الإدراكي وسريريا أيضا في مجموعة متنوعة من الاضطرابات العصبية والنفسية -- وخصوصا عندما تطبق على مدى عدة جلسات متتالية 4. أحد المجالات التي قد تجذب انتباه علماء الأعصاب والأطباء هو استخدام tDCS للتعديل من الألم ذات الصلة الشبكات العصبية 3،5. وقد تم اكتشاف تعديل منطقتين القشرية الرئيسي في البحوث الألم : الابتدائية القشرة الحركية وقشرة الفص الجبهي ظهراني 7. نظرا للدور الحاسم من المونتاج القطب ، في هذه المقالة ، وتبين لنا بدائل مختلفة لوضع قطب كهربائي للتجارب السريرية على tDCS الألم ؛ مناقشة مزايا وعيوب كل أسلوب التحفيز.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Electrode Positioning and Montage in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation at JoVE.com

Electrode Positioning and Montage in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

العابر لتحفيز التيار المباشر (tDCS) هي تقنية أنشئت لاستثارة تعدل القشرية<sup&gt; 1،2</sup&gt;. وقد تم استخدامه كأداة للتحقيق في علم الأعصاب بسبب آثاره على اللدونة القشرية ، عملية سهلة ، والتعريف الآمنة. أحد المجالات التي tDCS تم عرض نتائج مشجعة والتخفيف من وطأة الألم<sup&gt; 3-5</sup&gt;.

وضعية القطب والمونتاج في تحفيز الحالية عبر الجمجمة مباشرة

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a technique that has been intensively investigated in the past decade as this method offers a ...

electrode-positioning-montage-transcranial-direct-current

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

261.7K Views.  University of Michigan. العابر لتحفيز التيار المباشر (tDCS) هي تقنية أنشئت لاستثارة تعدل القشرية 1،2. وقد تم استخدامه كأداة للتحقيق في علم الأعصاب بسبب آثاره على اللدونة القشرية ، عملية سهلة ، والتعريف الآمنة. أحد المجالات التي tDCS تم عرض نتائج مشجعة والتخفيف من وطأة الألم 3-5

Video: Electrode Positioning and Montage in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and fMRI to Examine the Default Mode Network

The default mode network is a group of brain regions that are active when an individual is not focused on the outside world and the brain is at "wakeful rest."1,2,3 It is thought the default mode network corresponds to self-referential or "internal mentation".2,3
It has been hypothesized that, in humans, activity within the default mode network is correlated with certain pathologies (for instance, hyper-activation has been linked to schizophrenia 4,5,6 and autism spectrum disorders 7 whilst hypo-activation of the network has been linked to Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases 8). As such, noninvasive modulation of this network may represent a potential therapeutic intervention for a number of neurological and psychiatric pathologies linked to abnormal network activation. One possible tool to effect this modulation is Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: a non-invasive neurostimulatory and neuromodulatory technique that can transiently or lastingly modulate cortical excitability (either increasing or decreasing it) via the application of localized magnetic field pulses.9
In order to explore the default mode network's propensity towards and tolerance of modulation, we will be combining TMS (to the left inferior parietal lobe) with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Through this article, we will examine the protocol and considerations necessary to successfully combine these two neuroscientific tools.

In this article, we examine the methodology and considerations relevant to the combination of TMS and fMRI to examine the effects of brain stimulation on the default network.

الجمع بين التنشيط المغناطيسي عبر الجمجمة والرنين المغناطيسي الوظيفي لدراسة وضع الشبكة الافتراضية

The default mode network is a group of brain regions that are active when an individual is not focused on the outside world and the brain is at "wakeful ...

Direct-current Stimulation and Multi-electrode Array Recording of Seizure-like Activity in Mice Brain Slice Preparation

Cathodal transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) induces suppressive effects on drug-resistant seizures. To perform effective actions, the stimulation parameters (e.g., orientation, field strength, and stimulation duration) need to be examined in mice brain slice preparations. Testing and arranging the orientation of the electrode relative to the position of the mice brain slice are feasible. The present method preserves the thalamocingulate pathway to evaluate the effect of DCS on anterior cingulate cortex seizure-like activities. The results of the multichannel array recordings indicated that cathodal DCS significantly decreased the amplitude of the stimulation-evoked responses and duration of 4-aminopyridine and bicuculline-induced seizure-like activity. This study also found that cathodal DCS applications at 15 min caused long-term depression in the thalamocingulate pathway. The present study investigates the effects of DCS on thalamocingulate synaptic plasticity and acute seizure-like activities. The current procedure can test the optimal stimulation parameters including orientation, field strength, and stimulation duration in an in vitro mouse model. Also, the method can evaluate the effects of DCS on cortical seizure-like activities at both the cellular and network levels.

Studies have shown that cathodal transcranial direct-current stimulation can produce suppressive effects on drug-resistant seizures. In this study, an in vitro experimental setup was devised in which the direct-current stimulation and multielectrode array recording of seizure-like activity were evaluated in mice brain slice preparation. The direct-current stimulation parameters were evaluated.

تحفيز التيار المباشر ومتعدد القطب تسجيل صفيف من مثل الاستيلاء آخر في الفئران إعداد شريحة الدماغ

Cathodal transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) induces suppressive effects on drug-resistant seizures. To perform effective actions, the ...

Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) is a neuromodulatory technique able to act through sinusoidal electrical waveforms in a specific frequency and in turn modulate ongoing cortical oscillatory activity. This neurotool allows the establishment of a causal link between endogenous oscillatory activity and behavior. Most of the tACS studies have shown online effects of tACS. However, little is known about the underlying action mechanisms of this technique because of the AC-induced artifacts on Electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Here we show a unique approach to investigate online physiological frequency-specific effects of tACS of the primary motor cortex (M1) by using single pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to probe cortical excitability changes. In our setup, the TMS coil is placed over the tACS electrode while Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs) are collected to test the effects of the ongoing M1-tACS. So far, this approach has mainly been used to study the visual and motor systems. However, the current tACS-TMS setup can pave the way for future investigations of cognitive functions. Therefore, we provide a step-by-step manual and video guidelines for the procedure.

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) allows the modulation of cortical excitability in a frequency-specific fashion. Here we show a unique approach which combines online tACS with single pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in order to "probe" cortical excitability by means of Motor Evoked Potentials.

آثار Transcranial التحفيز التيار المتردد في القشرة الحركية الأولية بنهج موحد على الإنترنت مع التحفيز المغناطيسي Transcranial

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) is a neuromodulatory technique able to act through sinusoidal electrical waveforms in a specific ...

Remotely Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: An Update on Safety and Tolerability

The remotely supervised tDCS (RS-tDCS) protocol enables participation from home through guided and monitored self-administration of tDCS treatment while maintaining clinical standards. The current consensus regarding the efficacy of tDCS is that multiple treatment sessions are needed to observe targeted behavioral reductions in symptom burden. However, the requirement for patients to travel to clinic daily for stimulation sessions presents a major obstacle for potential participants, due to work or family obligations or limited ability to travel. This study presents a protocol that directly overcomes these obstacles by eliminating the need to travel to clinic for daily sessions.
This is an updated protocol for remotely supervised self-administration of tDCS for daily treatment sessions paired with a program of computer-based cognitive training for use in clinical trials. Participants only need to attend clinic twice, for a baseline and study-end visit. At baseline, participants are trained and provided with a study stimulation device, and a small laptop computer. Participants then complete the remainder of their stimulation sessions at home while they are monitored via videoconferencing software.
Participants complete computerized cognitive remediation during stimulation sessions, which may serve a therapeutic role or as a &#34;placeholder&#34; for other computer-based activity. Computers are enabled for real-time monitoring and remote control by study staff.
Outcome measures that assess feasibility and tolerance are administered remotely with the aid of visual analogue scales that are presented onscreen. Following completion of all RS-tDCS sessions, participants return to clinic for a study end visit in which all study equipment is returned.
Results support the safety, feasibility, and scalability of the RS-tDCS protocol for use in clinical trials. Across 46 patients, 748 RS-tDCS sessions have been completed. This protocol serves as a model for use in future clinical trials involving tDCS.

This manuscript provides an updated remote supervision protocol that enables participation in transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) clinical trials while receiving treatment sessions from home. The protocol has been successfully piloted in both patients with multiple sclerosis and Parkinson&#39;s disease.

عن بعد تحت الإشراف المباشر Transcranial التحفيز الحالية: تحديث الأمان وقابلية التحمل

The remotely supervised tDCS (RS-tDCS) protocol enables participation from home through guided and monitored self-administration of tDCS treatment while ...

The Combined Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Robotic Therapy for the Upper Limb

Neurologic disorders such as stroke and cerebral palsy are leading causes of long-term disability and can lead to severe incapacity and restriction of daily activities due to lower and upper limb impairments. Intensive physical and occupational therapy are still considered main treatments, but new adjunct therapies to standard rehabilitation that may optimize functional outcomes are being studied.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that polarizes underlying brain regions through the application of weak direct currents through electrodes on the scalp, modulating cortical excitability. Increased interest in this technique can be attributed to its low cost, ease of use, and effects on human neural plasticity. Recent research has been performed to determine the clinical potential of tDCS in diverse conditions such as depression, Parkinson&#39;s disease, and motor rehabilitation after stroke. tDCS helps enhance brain plasticity and seems to be a promising technique in rehabilitation programs.
A number of robotic devices have been developed to assist in the rehabilitation of upper limb function after stroke. The rehabilitation of motor deficits is often a long process requiring multidisciplinary approaches for a patient to achieve maximum independence. These devices do not intend to replace manual rehabilitation therapy; instead, they were designed as an additional tool to rehabilitation programs, allowing immediate perception of results and tracking of improvements, thus helping patients to stay motivated.
Both tDSC and robot-assisted therapy are promising add-ons to stroke rehabilitation and target the modulation of brain plasticity, with several reports describing their use to be associated with conventional therapy and the improvement of therapeutic outcomes. However, more recently, some small clinical trials have been developed that describe the associated use of tDCS and robot-assisted therapy in stroke rehabilitation. In this article, we describe the combined methods used in our institute for improving motor performance after stroke.

The combined use of transcranial direct current stimulation and robotic therapy as an add-on for conventional rehabilitation therapy may result in improved therapeutic outcomes due to modulation of brain plasticity. In this article, we describe the combined methods used in our institute for improving motor performance after stroke.

الجمع بين استخدام المباشر Transcranial التحفيز الحالية والعلاج الروبوتية للطرف العلوي

Neurologic disorders such as stroke and cerebral palsy are leading causes of long-term disability and can lead to severe incapacity and restriction of ...

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Mice

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique proposed as an alternative or complementary treatment for several neuropsychiatric diseases. The biological effects of tDCS are not fully understood, which is in part explained due to the difficulty in obtaining human brain tissue. This protocol describes a tDCS mouse model that uses a chronically implanted electrode allowing the study of the long-lasting biological effects of tDCS. In this experimental model, tDCS changes the cortical gene expression and offers a prominent contribution to the understanding of the rationale for its therapeutic use.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Mice

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a therapeutic technique proposed to treat psychiatric diseases. An animal model is essential for understanding the specific biological alterations evoked by tDCS. This protocol describes a tDCS mouse model that uses a chronically implanted electrode.

Transcranial التحفيز التيار المباشر (تدكس) في الفئران

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique proposed as an alternative or complementary treatment for ...

Stimulation Location Determination using a 3D Digitizer with High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

The abundance of neuroimaging data and rapid development of machine learning has made it possible to investigate brain activation patterns. However, causal evidence of brain area activation leading to a behavior is often left missing. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which can temporarily alter brain cortical excitability and activity, is a noninvasive neurophysiological tool used to study causal relationships in the human brain. High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) technique that produces a more focal current compared to conventional tDCS. Traditionally, the stimulation location has been roughly determined through the 10-20 EEG system, because determining precise stimulation points can be difficult. This protocol uses a 3D digitizer with HD-tDCS to increase accuracy in determination of stimulation points. The method is demonstrated using a 3D digitizer for more accurate localization of stimulation points in the right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ).

Presented here is a protocol to achieve higher accuracy in determination of stimulation location combining a 3D digitizer with high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation.

التحفيز تحديد الموقع باستخدام التحويل الرقمي 3D مع عاليه الوضوح جمجمة التحفيز الحالي المباشر

The abundance of neuroimaging data and rapid development of machine learning has made it possible to investigate brain activation patterns. However, ...

In Vivo Intracellular Recording of Type-Identified Rat Spinal Motoneurons During Trans-Spinal Direct Current Stimulation

Intracellular recording of spinal motoneurons in vivo provides a &#8220;gold standard&#8221; for determining the cells&#8217; electrophysiological characteristics in the intact spinal network and holds significant advantages relative to classical in vitro or extracellular recording techniques. An advantage of in vivo intracellular recordings is that this method can be performed on adult animals with a fully mature nervous system, and therefore many observed physiological mechanisms can be translated to practical applications. In this methodological paper, we describe this procedure combined with externally applied constant current stimulation, which mimics polarization processes occurring within spinal neuronal networks. Trans-spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) is an innovative method increasingly used as a neuromodulatory intervention in rehabilitation after various neurological injuries as well as in sports. The influence of tsDCS on the nervous system remains poorly understood and the physiological mechanisms behind its actions are largely unknown. The application of the tsDCS simultaneously with intracellular recordings enables us to directly observe changes of motoneuron membrane properties and characteristics of rhythmic firing in response to the polarization of the spinal neuronal network, which is crucial for the understanding of tsDCS actions. Moreover, when the presented protocol includes the identification of the motoneuron with respect to an innervated muscle and its function (flexor versus extensor) as well as the physiological type (fast versus slow) it provides an opportunity to selectively investigate the influence of tsDCS on identified components of spinal circuitry, which seem to be differently affected by polarization. The presented procedure focuses on surgical preparation for intracellular recordings and stimulation with an emphasis on the steps which are necessary to achieve preparation stability and reproducibility of results. The details of the methodology of the anodal or cathodal tsDCS application are discussed while paying attention to practical and safety issues.

This protocol describes in vivo intracellular recording of rat lumbar motoneurons with simultaneous trans-spinal direct current stimulation. The method enables us to measure membrane properties and to record rhythmic firing of motoneurons before, during and after anodal or cathodal polarization of the spinal cord.

في تسجيل داخل الخلايا في الجسم من نوع تحديد الفئران موتونيورونات العمود الفقري خلال عبر العمود الفقري التحفيز المباشر للتيار

Intracellular recording of spinal motoneurons in vivo provides a &#8220;gold standard&#8221; for determining the cells&#8217; electrophysiological ...

Simultaneous Application of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation during Virtual Reality Exposure

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation that changes the likelihood of neuronal firing through modulation of neural resting membranes. Compared to other techniques, tDCS is relatively safe, cost-effective, and can be administered while individuals are engaged in controlled, specific cognitive processes. This latter point is important as tDCS may predominantly affect intrinsically active neural regions. In an effort to test tDCS as a potential treatment for psychiatric illness, the protocol described here outlines a novel procedure that allows the simultaneous application of tDCS during exposure to trauma-related cues using virtual reality (tDCS+VR) for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (NCT03372460). In this double-blind protocol, participants are assigned to either receive 2 mA tDCS, or sham stimulation, for 25 minutes while passively watching three 8-minute standardized virtual reality drives through Iraq or Afghanistan, with virtual reality events increasing in intensity during each drive. Participants undergo six sessions of tDCS+VR over the course of 2-3 weeks, and psychophysiology (skin conductance reactivity) is measured throughout each session. This allows testing for within and between session changes in hyperarousal to virtual reality events and adjunctive effects of tDCS. Stimulation is delivered through a built-in rechargeable battery-driven tDCS device using a 1 (anode) x 1 (cathode) unilateral electrode set-up. Each electrode is placed in a 3 x 3 cm (current density 2.22 A/m2) reusable sponge pocket saturated with 0.9% normal saline. Sponges with electrodes are attached to the participant&#8217;s skull using a rubber headband with the electrodes placed such that they target regions within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. The virtual reality headset is placed over the tDCS montage in such a way as to avoid electrode interference.

This manuscript outlines a novel protocol to allow the simultaneous application of transcranial direct current stimulation during exposure to warzone trauma-related cues using virtual reality for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.

التطبيق المتزامن للتحفيز المباشر عبر الجمجمة أثناء التعرض للواقع الافتراضي

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation that changes the likelihood of neuronal firing through ...

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Memory Enhancement

Memory enhancement is one of the great challenges in cognitive neuroscience and neurorehabilitation. Among various techniques used for memory enhancement, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is emerging as an especially promising tool for improvement of memory functions in a non-invasive manner. Here, we present a tDCS protocol that can be applied for memory enhancement in healthy-participant studies as well as in aging and dementia research. The protocol uses weak constant anodal current to stimulate cortical targets within cortico-hippocampal functional network engaged in memory processes. The target electrode is placed either on the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) or the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), while the return electrode is placed extracranially (i.e., on the contralateral cheek). In addition, we outline a more advanced method of oscillatory tDCS, mimicking a natural brain rhythm to promote hippocampus-dependent memory functions, which can be applied in a personalized and non-personalized manner. We present illustrative results of associative and working memory improvement following single tDCS sessions (20 minutes) in which the described electrode montages were used with current intensities between 1.5 mA and 1.8 mA. Finally, we discuss crucial steps in the protocol and methodological decisions that must be made when designing a tDCS study on memory.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement

A protocol for memory enhancement by using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices, as core cortical nodes within hippocampo-cortical network, is presented. The protocol has been well evaluated in healthy-participant studies and is applicable to aging and dementia research as well.

التحفيز المباشر عبر الجمجمة (tDCS) لتحسين الذاكرة

Memory enhancement is one of the great challenges in cognitive neuroscience and neurorehabilitation. Among various techniques used for memory enhancement, ...