نشكر شنغهاي تولو التكنولوجيا الحيوية لمساعدتهم التقنية خلال تطوير معيار C- الطوب. وأيد هذا العمل من المنح المقدمة من برنامج البحوث ذات الأولوية الاستراتيجية للأكاديمية الصينية للعلوم (منحة رقم XDB19040200).

<ol>
	<li>Canton, B., Labno, A., Endy, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Refinement+and+standardization+of+synthetic+biological+parts+and+devices.">Refinement and standardization of synthetic biological parts and devices.</a> Nat Biotechnol. 26 (7), 787-793 (2008).</li><li>Shetty, R. P., Endy, D., Knight, T. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Engineering+BioBrick+vectors+from+BioBrick+parts.">Engineering BioBrick vectors from BioBrick parts.</a> J Biol Eng. 2, (2008).</li><li>Knight, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Idempotent Vector Design for Standard Assembly of Biobricks. , 1-11 (2003).</li><li>Li, S. Y., Zhao, G. P., Wang, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=C-Brick:+A+New+Standard+for+Assembly+of+Biological+Parts+Using+Cpf1.">C-Brick: A New Standard for Assembly of Biological Parts Using Cpf1.</a> ACS Synth Biol. 5 (12), 1383-1388 (2016).</li><li>Anderson, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=BglBricks:+A+flexible+standard+for+biological+part+assembly.">BglBricks: A flexible standard for biological part assembly.</a> J Biol Eng. 4 (1), (2010).</li><li>Liu, J. K., Chen, W. H., Ren, S. X., Zhao, G. P., Wang, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=iBrick:+a+new+standard+for+iterative+assembly+of+biological+parts+with+homing+endonucleases.">iBrick: a new standard for iterative assembly of biological parts with homing endonucleases.</a> PLoS One. 9 (10), e110852 (2014).</li><li>Hsu, P. D., Lander, E. S., Zhang, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+and+applications+of+CRISPR-Cas9+for+genome+engineering.">Development and applications of CRISPR-Cas9 for genome engineering.</a> Cell. 157 (6), 1262-1278 (2014).</li><li>Wright, A. V., Nunez, J. K., Doudna, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biology+and+Applications+of+CRISPR+Systems:+Harnessing+Nature's+Toolbox+for+Genome+Engineering.">Biology and Applications of CRISPR Systems: Harnessing Nature's Toolbox for Genome Engineering.</a> Cell. 164 (1-2), 29-44 (2016).</li><li>Jinek, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+programmable+dual-RNA-guided+DNA+endonuclease+in+adaptive+bacterial+immunity.">A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity.</a> Science. 337 (6096), 816-821 (2012).</li><li>Zetsche, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cpf1+is+a+single+RNA-guided+endonuclease+of+a+class+2+CRISPR-Cas+system.">Cpf1 is a single RNA-guided endonuclease of a class 2 CRISPR-Cas system.</a> Cell. 163 (3), 759-771 (2015).</li><li>Sanger, F., Nicklen, S., Coulson, A. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DNA+sequencing+with+chain-terminating+inhibitors.">DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 74 (12), 5463-5467 (1977).</li><li>Engler, C., Kandzia, R., Marillonnet, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+one+pot,+one+step,+precision+cloning+method.">A one pot, one step, precision cloning method.</a> PLoS One. 3 (11), e3647 (2008).</li><li>Gibson, D. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enzymatic+assembly+of+DNA+molecules+up+to+several+hundred+kilobases.">Enzymatic assembly of DNA molecules up to several hundred kilobases.</a> Nat Methods. 6 (5), 343-345 (2009).</li><li>Casini, A., Storch, M., Baldwin, G. S., Ellis, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bricks+and+blueprints:+methods+and+standards+for+DNA+assembly.">Bricks and blueprints: methods and standards for DNA assembly.</a> Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 16 (9), 568-576 (2015).</li><li>Cameron, D. E., Bashor, C. J., Collins, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+brief+history+of+synthetic+biology.">A brief history of synthetic biology.</a> Nat Rev Microbiol. 12 (5), 381-390 (2014).</li><li>Keasling, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthetic+biology+for+synthetic+chemistry.">Synthetic biology for synthetic chemistry.</a> ACS Chem Biol. 3 (1), 64-76 (2008).</li></ol>

الكتاب ليس لديهم ما يكشف.

يصف هذا البروتوكول إجراء التجمع دنا القياسية C- الطوب. الخطوة الأكثر أهمية في هذا البروتوكول هو الخطي من ناقلات القياسية C- الطوب. والانقسام غير مكتملة من ناقلات يمكن أن تؤثر تأثيرا خطيرا على معدل النجاح. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، على الرغم من Cpf1 يستهدف أساسا تسلسل الحمض النوو...

وتوحيد الأجزاء البيولوجية دنا مهم لتطوير البيولوجيا التركيبية 1 . تطوير إجراء التجمع الحمض النووي يمكن أن تحل محل التصاميم التجريبية المخصصة وإزالة العديد من النتائج غير المتوقعة التي تنشأ خلال تجميع المكونات الوراثية في النظم الأكبر حجما. وكان معيار بيوبريك (بف رك 10) واحدة من أقرب معايير التجمع الحمض النووي المقترحة. ويستخدم تسلسل البادئة (التي تحتوي على إكوري و زباي قطع المواقع) وتسلسل لاحقة (التي تحتوي على سبي و بستي قطع المواقع) 2 ، 3 . لأن زباي و سبي لها نهاية متماسكة متماسكة، أجزاء بيوبريك الحمض النووي التي يتم قطع مع زباي و سبي يمكن أن تنضم معا، وتوليد بيوبريك جديدة لمزيد من التجمع التكراري. وقد تم تحديد بعض العيوب باستخدام معيار بيوبريك 4 . على سبيل المثال، فإنه ينتج ندبة 8-بببين أجزاء الحمض النووي، والتي لا تسمح لبناء البروتينات في الانصهار. الى جانب ذلك، يجب إزالة الأنواع الأربعة المذكورة أعلاه من مواقع تقييد 6-بب من أجزاء الحمض النووي، وهو أمر غير مريح للغاية. تم إنشاء معيار بلبريك لحل المشكلة الأولى 5 . أنه يخلق ندبة 6-بب &quot;غاتكت&quot;، وإنتاج غلي-سير والسماح للانصهار من البروتينات متعددة أو المجالات البروتين. وقد وضعت إبريك للتعامل مع المشكلة الثانية 6 . ويستخدم إندونوكليسيس صاروخ موجه (هيس) التي تعترف تسلسل الحمض النووي طويلة. كما نادرا ما توجد مواقع الاعتراف سعادة في تسلسل الحمض النووي الطبيعي، ويمكن استخدام معيار إبريك للبناء المباشر لقطع إيبريك دون تعديل تسلسل الحمض النووي. ومع ذلك، فإن معيار إبريك يترك ندبة بب 21 بين أجزاء الحمض النووي، والتي قد تكون السبب لعدم شعبية لها. في السنوات الأخيرة، يتجمع بشكل منتظم متداخلة قصيرة يتكرر متناوب (كريسبيأر) نظام سريع 7 ، 8 . بين البروتينات المرتبطة كريسبر (كاس)، كاس 9 نوكلياز من العقدية بيوجينيس هو الآن تستخدم على نطاق واسع. فإنه يدخل في الغالب فواصل الحمض النووي المزدوج تقطعت بهم السبل (دسبس) مع نهايات حادة 9 . في عام 2015، وصف زانغ وزملاء العمل Cpf1 (كريسبر من بريفوتيلا و فرانسيسيلا 1) لأول مرة. وهو ينتمي إلى فئة 2 نوع V نظام كريسبر-كاس وهو كريسرب رنا (كرنا) - إندونوكلياز الموجهة -10 . على عكس Cas9، Cpf1 يقدم دسب مع 4 أو 5 نت 5 &#39;المتراكمة 10 . واستنادا إلى هذه الخاصية، تم استخدام Cpf1 لتطوير معيار التجمع الحمض النووي، C- الطوب 4 . على ناقلات القياسية C- الطوب، أربعة مواقع الهدف Cpf1 من مسبوق T1 / T2 و سوفيكسد T3 / T4 الجناح الأجزاء البيولوجية. وهذا يشبه معيار بيوبريك. كما انشقاق T2 و T3 مواقع pيولد نهايات لزجة التكميلية، فمن الممكن لأداء التجمع تكرارية من أجزاء الحمض النووي في حين توليد ندبة &quot;غاتسك&quot; بين الأجزاء. والجدير بالذكر أن معيار C-بريك له ميزتان رئيسيتان: التعرف على تسلسل الهدف الطويل وترك ندوب قصيرة. و 6 بب &quot;غاتسك&quot; ندبة ولدت من C- الطوب ترميز غلي-سير، والذي يسمح لبناء البروتينات الانصهار. وعلاوة على ذلك، فإن معيار C- الطوب هو أيضا متوافقة جزئيا مع معايير بغبريك و بيوبريك.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Comercial Oligonucleotide</td><td>Sangon Biotech</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10x Taq PCR Buffer</td><td>Transgen</td><td>#J40928</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ultra Pure Distilled Water</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>10977-015</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5x RNA Transcription Buffer</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>K0441</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>T7 RNA polymerase</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>#EP0111</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NTP mixture</td><td>Sangon</td><td>#ND0056</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>RRI (Recombinant RNase Inhibitor)</td><td>Takara</td><td>2313A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>RNA Clean &amp;amp; Concentrator-5</td><td>Zymo Research</td><td>R1015</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>UV-Vis Spectrometer</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>Nano-Drop 2000c</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2x Phanta Max Buffer</td><td>Vazyme</td><td>PB505</td><td>PCR buffer</td></tr><tr><td>dNTPs</td><td>Transgen</td><td>AD101</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phanta Max Super-Fidelity DNA Polymerase</td><td>Vazyme</td><td>P505-d1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ezmax for One-step Cloning</td><td>Tolobio</td><td>24303-1</td><td>seamless assembly kit</td></tr><tr><td>5x Buffer for Ezmax One-step Cloning</td><td>Tolobio</td><td>32006</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BamHI</td><td>NEB</td><td>#R0136L</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BamHI-HF</td><td>NEB</td><td>#R3136L</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BglII&amp;nbsp;</td><td>NEB</td><td>#R0144L</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>XbaI</td><td>NEB</td><td>#R0145L</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SpeI</td><td>NEB</td><td>#R3133L</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10x Buffer 3</td><td>NEB</td><td>#B7003S</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10x CutSmart Buffer</td><td>NEB</td><td>B7204S</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10x T4 DNA ligase Buffer</td><td>Tolobio</td><td>32002</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>T4 PNK</td><td>Tolobio</td><td>32206</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>T4 DNA ligase</td><td>Tolobio</td><td>32210</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DpnI</td><td>NEB</td><td>#R01762</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SV Gel and PCR clean-up system</td><td>Promega</td><td>A9282</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Plasmid Mini Kit I</td><td>Omega</td><td>D6943-02</td><td>plasmid preparation kit</td></tr><tr><td>thermosensitive alkaline phosphatase&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>#EF0651</td><td>FastAP</td></tr><tr><td>10x Cpf1 buffer</td><td>Tolobio</td><td>32008</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cpf1</td><td>Tolobio</td><td>32105</td><td>FnCpf1</td></tr><tr><td>thermocycler</td><td>Applied Biosystems</td><td>veriti 96 well</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>C-Brick standard vector</td><td>Tolobio</td><td>98101</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>E. coli [DH10B]</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>18297010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Luria-Bertani media (tryptone)</td><td>Oxoid</td><td>LP0042</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Luria-Bertani media (yeast extract)</td><td>Oxoid</td><td>LP0021</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Luria-Bertani media (NaCl)</td><td>Sangon Biotech</td><td>B126BA0007</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

protocols for c-brick dna standard assembly using cpf1

كريسبر المرتبطة البروتين Cpf1 ينقسم المزدوج الحمض النووي تقطعت بهم السبل بتوجيه من الحمض النووي الريبي كريسبر (كرنا)، وتوليد نهاية لزجة. وبسبب هذه الخاصية، تم استخدام Cpf1 لإنشاء معيار التجمع الحمض النووي يسمى C- الطوب، والتي لديها ميزة من مواقع الاعتراف طويلة وندوب قصيرة. على ناقلات C- الطوب القياسية، وهناك أربعة مواقع التعرف Cpf1 - البادئة (T1 و T2 المواقع) واللاحقة (T3 و T4 مواقع) - يحيط أجزاء الحمض النووي البيولوجية. الانقسام من T2 و T3 مواقع تنتج نهايات لزجة تكميلية، والتي تسمح لتجميع أجزاء الحمض النووي مع T2 و T3 المواقع. وفي الوقت نفسه، يتم إنشاء ندبة قصيرة &quot;غاتسك&quot; بين أجزاء بعد التجمع. كما البلازميد التي شكلت مرة أخرى يحتوي على أربعة مواقع الانقسام Cpf1، وتسمح هذه الطريقة لتجميع تكرارية من أجزاء الحمض النووي، والتي تشبه تلك التي من معايير بيوبريك و بغلبريك. إجراء يحدد استخدام معيار C- الطوب لتجميع أجزاء الحمض النوويهو موضح هنا. يمكن استخدام معيار C-بريك على نطاق واسع من قبل العلماء والدراسات العليا وطلاب المرحلة الجامعية، وحتى الهواة.

<html> وأظهر هذا البروتوكول تجميع ثلاثة أشرطة الكروموبروتين (كجبلو (BBa_K592011)، إفوريد (BBa_K592012)، و أميلغف (BBa_K592010)). أولا، تم استنساخ تسلسل التشفير للجينات والمطاريف الثلاثة المذكورة أعلاه بشكل فردي في متجه قياسي C-بريك. تم إدخال أجزاء الحمض النووي قصيرة، ال?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Protocols for C-Brick DNA Standard Assembly Using Cpf1 at JoVE.com

Protocols for C-Brick DNA Standard Assembly Using Cpf1

البروتين كريسبر المرتبطة Cpf1 يمكن أن تسترشد رنا كريسبر المصممة خصيصا (الحمض النووي الريبي النووي) لتلتصق الحمض النووي المزدوج تقطعت بهم السبل في المواقع المطلوبة، وتوليد نهاية لزجة. واستنادا إلى هذه الخاصية، تم إنشاء معيار تجميع الحمض النووي (C- الطوب)، ويرد وصف بروتوكول بالتفصيل استخدامه هنا.

بروتوكولات ل C-بريك دنا الجمعية القياسية باستخدام Cpf1

CRISPR-associated protein Cpf1 cleaves double-stranded DNA under the guidance of CRISPR RNA (crRNA), generating sticky ends. Because of this ...

protocols-for-c-brick-dna-standard-assembly-using-cpf1

Research

JoVE Journal

Genetics

8.2K Views.  Chinese Academy of Sciences.  البروتين كريسبر المرتبطة Cpf1 يمكن أن تسترشد رنا كريسبر المصممة خصيصا (الحمض النووي الريبي النووي) لتلتصق الحمض النووي المزدوج تقطعت بهم السبل في المواقع المطلوبة، وتوليد نهاية لزجة. واستنادا إلى هذه الخاصية، تم إنشاء معيار تجميع الحمض الن?...

Video: Protocols for C-Brick DNA Standard Assembly Using Cpf1

A Toolkit to Enable Hydrocarbon Conversion in Aqueous Environments

This work puts forward a toolkit that enables the conversion of alkanes by Escherichia coli and presents a proof of principle of its applicability. The toolkit consists of multiple standard interchangeable parts (BioBricks)9 addressing the conversion of alkanes, regulation of gene expression and survival in toxic hydrocarbon-rich environments.
A three-step pathway for alkane degradation was implemented in E. coli to enable the conversion of medium- and long-chain alkanes to their respective alkanols, alkanals and ultimately alkanoic-acids. The latter were metabolized via the native &beta;-oxidation pathway. To facilitate the oxidation of medium-chain alkanes (C5-C13) and cycloalkanes (C5-C8), four genes (alkB2, rubA3, rubA4and rubB) of the alkane hydroxylase system from Gordonia sp. TF68,21 were transformed into E. coli. For the conversion of long-chain alkanes (C15-C36), theladA gene from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans was implemented. For the required further steps of the degradation process, ADH and ALDH (originating from G. thermodenitrificans) were introduced10,11. The activity was measured by resting cell assays. For each oxidative step, enzyme activity was observed.
To optimize the process efficiency, the expression was only induced under low glucose conditions: a substrate-regulated promoter, pCaiF, was used. pCaiF is present in E. coli K12 and regulates the expression of the genes involved in the degradation of non-glucose carbon sources.
The last part of the toolkit - targeting survival - was implemented using solvent tolerance genes, PhPFD&alpha; and &beta;, both from Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3. Organic solvents can induce cell stress and decreased survivability by negatively affecting protein folding. As chaperones, PhPFD&alpha; and &beta; improve the protein folding process e.g. under the presence of alkanes. The expression of these genes led to an improved hydrocarbon tolerance shown by an increased growth rate (up to 50%) in the presences of 10% n-hexane in the culture medium were observed.
Summarizing, the results indicate that the toolkit enables E. coli to convert and tolerate hydrocarbons in aqueous environments. As such, it represents an initial step towards a sustainable solution for oil-remediation using a synthetic biology approach.

A sustainable auto regulating bacterial system for the remediation of oil pollutions was designed using standard interchangeable DNA parts (BioBricks). An engineered E. coli strain was used to degrade alkanes via &beta;-oxidation in toxic aqueous environments. The respective enzymes from different species showed alkane degradation activity. Additionally, an increased tolerance to n-hexane was achieved by introducing genes from alkane-tolerant bacteria.

مجموعة أدوات لتمكين تحويل المواد الهيدروكربونية في البيئات المائية

This work puts forward a toolkit that enables the conversion of alkanes by Escherichia coli and presents a proof of principle of its applicability. The ...

Bioengineering

A Customizable Protocol for String Assembly gRNA Cloning (STAgR)

The bacterial CRISPR/Cas9 system has substantially increased methodological options for life scientists. Due to its utilization, genetic and genomic engineering became applicable to a large range of systems. Moreover, many transcriptional and epigenomic engineering approaches are now generally feasible for the first time. One reason for the broad applicability of CRISPR lies in its bipartite nature. Small gRNAs determine the genomic targets of the complex, variants of the protein Cas9, and the local molecular consequences. However, many CRISPR approaches depend on the simultaneous delivery of multiple gRNAs into individual cells. Here, we present a customizable protocol for string assembly gRNA cloning (STAgR), a method that allows the simple, fast and efficient generation of multiplexed gRNA expression vectors in a single cloning step. STAgR is cost-effective, since (in this protocol) the individual targeting sequences are introduced by short overhang primers while the long DNA templates of the gRNA expression cassettes can be re-used multiple times. Moreover, STAgR allows single step incorporation of a large number of gRNAs, as well as combinations of different gRNA variants, vectors and promoters.

A Customizable Protocol for String Assembly gRNA Cloning STAgR

Here, we present string assembly gRNA cloning (STAgR), a method to easily multiplex gRNA vectors for CRISPR/Cas9 approaches. STAgR makes gRNA multiplexing simple, efficient and customizable.

بروتوكول قابل للتخصيص "الجمعية سلسلة" جرنة الاستنساخ (ستأجر)

The bacterial CRISPR/Cas9 system has substantially increased methodological options for life scientists. Due to its utilization, genetic and genomic ...

Capturing Chromosome Conformation Across Length Scales

Chromosome conformation capture (3C) is used to detect three-dimensional chromatin interactions. Typically, chemical crosslinking with formaldehyde (FA) is used to fix chromatin interactions. Then, chromatin digestion with a restriction enzyme and subsequent religation of fragment ends converts three-dimensional (3D) proximity into unique ligation products. Finally, after reversal of crosslinks, protein removal, and DNA isolation, DNA is sheared and prepared for high-throughput sequencing. The frequency of proximity ligation of pairs of loci is a measure of the frequency of their colocalization in three-dimensional space in a cell population.
A sequenced Hi-C library provides genome-wide information on interaction frequencies between all pairs of loci. The resolution and precision of Hi-C relies on efficient crosslinking that maintains chromatin contacts and frequent and uniform fragmentation of the chromatin. This paper describes an improved in situ Hi-C protocol, Hi-C 3.0, that increases the efficiency of crosslinking by combining two crosslinkers (formaldehyde [FA] and disuccinimidyl glutarate [DSG]), followed by finer digestion using two restriction enzymes (DpnII and DdeI). Hi-C 3.0 is a single protocol for the accurate quantification of genome folding features at smaller scales such as loops and topologically associating domains (TADs), as well as features at larger nucleus-wide scales such as compartments.

Hi-C 3.0 is an improved Hi-C protocol that combines formaldehyde and disuccinimidyl glutarate crosslinkers with a cocktail of DpnII and DdeI restriction enzymes to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of chromatin interaction detection.

التقاط تشكل الكروموسوم عبر مقاييس الطول

Chromosome conformation capture (3C) is used to detect three-dimensional chromatin interactions. Typically, chemical crosslinking with formaldehyde (FA) ...

Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules

This article presents a detailed protocol for synthesis of small circular DNA molecules, annealing of circular DNA motifs, and construction of 1D and 2D DNA nanostructures. Over decades, the rapid development of DNA nanotechnology is attributed to the use of linear DNAs as the source materials. For example, the DAO (double crossover, antiparallel, odd half-turns) tile is well-known as a building block for construction of 2D DNA lattices; the core structure of DAO is made from two linear single-stranded (ss) oligonucleotides, like two ropes making a right hand granny&#160;knot. Herein, a new type of DNA tiles called cDAO (coupled DAO) are built using a small circular ss-DNA of c64nt or c84nt (circular 64 or 84 nucleotides) as the scaffold strand and several linear ss-DNAs as the staple strands. Perfect 1D and 2D nanostructures are assembled from cDAO tiles: infinite nanowires, nanospirals, nanotubes, nanoribbons; and finite nano-rectangles. Detailed protocols are described: 1) preparation by T4 ligase and purification by denaturing PAGE (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) of small circular oligonucleotides, 2) annealing of stable circular tiles, followed by native PAGE analysis, 3) assembling of infinite 1D nanowires, nanorings, nanospirals, infinite 2D lattices of nanotubes and nanoribbons, and finite 2D nano-rectangles, followed by AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) imaging. The method is simple, robust, and affordable for most labs.

This article presents a detailed protocol for T4 ligation and denaturing PAGE purification of small circular DNA molecules, annealing and native PAGE analysis of circular tiles, assembling and AFM imaging of 1D and 2D DNA nanostructures, as well as agarose gel electrophoresis and centrifugation purification of finite DNA nanostructures.

زخارف الحمض النووي مستقرة، 1 د والنانو 2D شيدت من جزيئات الحمض النووي دائرية صغيرة

This article presents a detailed protocol for synthesis of small circular DNA molecules, annealing of circular DNA motifs, and construction of 1D and 2D ...

Chemistry

التقاط شكل الكروموسوم (3C) للبحث والتدريس الجامعي

Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates

Chromosome conformation capture (3C) is a powerful tool that has spawned a family of similar techniques (e.g., Hi-C, 4C, and 5C, referred to here as 3C techniques) that provide detailed information of the three-dimensional organization of chromatin. The 3C techniques have been used in a wide range of studies, from monitoring the changes in chromatin organization in cancer cells to identifying enhancer contacts made with gene promoters. While many of the studies using these techniques are asking big genome-wide questions with intricate sample types (i.e., single-cell analysis), what is often lost is that the 3C techniques are grounded in basic molecular biology methods that are applicable to a broad range of studies. By addressing tightly focused questions of chromatin organization, this cutting-edge technique can be used to enhance the undergraduate research and teaching lab experience. This paper presents a 3C protocol and provides adaptations and points of emphasis for implementation at primarily undergraduate institutions in undergraduate research and teaching experiences.

تسليط الضوء على المؤلف: الحصول على A مع 3Cs: التقاط تشكيل الكروموسوم للطلاب الجامعيين  

Here, we present an adaption of the chromosome conformation capture (3C) technique in detail with an emphasis on undergraduate involvement and learning.

الحصول على A مع 3Cs: التقاط تشوه الكروموسوم للطلاب الجامعيين

Chromosome conformation capture (3C) is a powerful tool that has spawned a family of similar techniques (e.g., Hi-C, 4C, and 5C, referred to here as 3C ...

Design and Synthesis of a Reconfigurable DNA Accordion Rack

DNA nanostructure-based mechanical systems or DNA nanomachines, which produce complex nanoscale motion in 2D and 3D in the nanometer to &#229;ngstr&#246;m resolution, show great potential in various fields of nanotechnology such as the molecular reactors, drug delivery, and nanoplasmonic systems. The reconfigurable DNA accordion rack, which can collectively manipulate a 2D or 3D nanoscale network of elements, in multiple stages in response to the DNA inputs, is described. The platform has potential to increase the number of elements that DNA nanomachines can control from a few elements to a network scale with multiple stages of reconfiguration.
In this protocol, we describe the entire experimental process of the reconfigurable DNA accordion rack of 6 by 6 meshes. The protocol includes a design rule and simulation procedure of the structures and a wet-lab experiment for synthesis and reconfiguration. In addition, analysis of the structure using TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) is included in the protocol. The novel design and simulation methods covered in this protocol will assist researchers to use the DNA accordion rack for further applications.

We describe the detailed protocol for design, simulation, wet-lab experiments, and analysis for a reconfigurable DNA accordion rack of 6 by 6 meshes.

تصميم وتجميع رف الاكورديون الحمض النووي إعادة التشكيل

DNA nanostructure-based mechanical systems or DNA nanomachines, which produce complex nanoscale motion in 2D and 3D in the nanometer to &#229;ngstr&#246;m ...

Rapid Assembly of Multi-Gene Constructs using Modular Golden Gate Cloning

The Golden Gate cloning method enables the rapid assembly of multiple genes in any user-defined arrangement. It utilizes type IIS restriction enzymes that cut outside of their recognition sites and create a short overhang. This modular cloning (MoClo) system uses a hierarchical workflow in which different DNA parts, such as promoters, coding sequences (CDS), and terminators, are first cloned into an entry vector. Multiple entry vectors then assemble into transcription units. Several transcription units then connect into a multi-gene plasmid. The Golden Gate cloning strategy is of tremendous advantage because it allows scar-less, directional, and modular assembly in a one-pot reaction. The hierarchical workflow typically enables the facile cloning of a large variety of multi-gene constructs with no need for sequencing beyond entry vectors. The use of fluorescent protein dropouts enables easy visual screening. This work provides a detailed, step-by-step protocol for assembling multi-gene plasmids using the yeast modular cloning (MoClo) kit. We show optimal and suboptimal results of multi-gene plasmid assembly and provide a guide for screening for colonies. This cloning strategy is highly applicable for yeast metabolic engineering and other situations in which multi-gene plasmid cloning is required.

The goal of this protocol is to provide a detailed, step-by-step guide for assembling multi-gene constructs using the modular cloning system based on Golden Gate cloning. It also gives recommendations on critical steps to ensure optimal assembly based on our experiences.

التجميع السريع للبنى متعددة الجينات باستخدام استنساخ البوابة الذهبية المعيارية

The Golden Gate cloning method enables the rapid assembly of multiple genes in any user-defined arrangement. It utilizes type IIS restriction enzymes that ...

Recombineering Homologous Recombination Constructs in Drosophila

The continued development of techniques for fast, large-scale manipulation of endogenous gene loci will broaden the use of Drosophila melanogaster as a genetic model organism for human-disease related research. Recent years have seen technical advancements like homologous recombination and recombineering. However, generating unequivocal null mutations or tagging endogenous proteins remains a substantial effort for most genes. Here, we describe and demonstrate techniques for using recombineering-based cloning methods to generate vectors that can be used to target and manipulate endogenous loci in vivo. Specifically, we have established a combination of three technologies: (1) BAC transgenesis/recombineering, (2) ends-out homologous recombination and (3) Gateway technology to provide a robust, efficient and flexible method for manipulating endogenous genomic loci. In this protocol, we provide step-by-step details about how to (1) design individual vectors, (2) how to clone large fragments of genomic DNA into the homologous recombination vector using gap repair, and (3) how to replace or tag genes of interest within these vectors using a second round of recombineering. Finally, we will also provide a protocol for how to mobilize these cassettes in vivo to generate a knockout, or a tagged gene via knock-in. These methods can easily be adopted for multiple targets in parallel and provide a means for manipulating the Drosophila genome in a timely and efficient manner.

Recombineering Homologous Recombination Constructs in Drosophila

Homologous recombination techniques greatly advance Drosophila genetics by enabling the creation of molecularly precise mutations. The recent adoption of recombineering allows one to manipulate large pieces of DNA and transform them into Drosophila6. The methods presented here combine these techniques to rapidly generate large homologous recombination vectors.

Recombineering مثلي التركيبات التوحد في<em&gt; ذبابة الفاكهة</em

The continued development of techniques for fast, large-scale manipulation of endogenous gene loci will broaden the use of Drosophila melanogaster as a ...

بروتوكولات ل C-بريك دنا الجمعية القياسية باستخدام Cpf1

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مجموعة أدوات لتمكين تحويل المواد الهيدروكربونية في البيئات المائية

بروتوكول قابل للتخصيص "الجمعية سلسلة" جرنة الاستنساخ (ستأجر)

التقاط تشكل الكروموسوم عبر مقاييس الطول

زخارف الحمض النووي مستقرة، 1 د والنانو 2D شيدت من جزيئات الحمض النووي دائرية صغيرة

الحصول على A مع 3Cs: التقاط تشوه الكروموسوم للطلاب الجامعيين

الحصول على A مع 3Cs: التقاط تشوه الكروموسوم للطلاب الجامعيين

الحصول على A مع 3Cs: التقاط تشوه الكروموسوم للطلاب الجامعيين

تصميم وتجميع رف الاكورديون الحمض النووي إعادة التشكيل

التجميع السريع للبنى متعددة الجينات باستخدام استنساخ البوابة الذهبية المعيارية

Recombineering مثلي التركيبات التوحد في