Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a common cardiovascular disease with sustained readings at or above  130/80 mm Hg.

It increases the risks of heart, brain, and kidney damage.

It can be categorized as primary, with no specific cause, or secondary, stemming from a known disease or condition, such as Cushing's disease or thyroid dysfunction. 

Factors contributing to hypertension include genetics, poor diet, obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, and tobacco use.

Hypertension management involves reducing arterial blood pressure by regulating the cardiac output, the arterioles' resistance, the venules' capacitance, and the renal response in blood volume control.

The anatomic sites the heart, kidneys, and arteries work together through baroreflex and humoral mechanisms.

Baroreflexes quickly detect arterial pressure changes, adjusting heart rate and vascular resistance.

The humoral mechanism involves the release of hormones and other substances, such as angiotensin II, aldosterone, and vasopressin, to help regulate blood pressure.