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Method Article
Here, we describe a method for simultaneous quantification of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and K-deleting recombination excision circles (KRECs). The TREC/KREC assay can be used as marker of thymic and bone marrow output.
T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and K-deleting recombination excision circles (KRECs) are circularized DNA elements formed during recombination process that creates T- and B-cell receptors. Because TRECs and KRECs are unable to replicate, they are diluted after each cell division, and therefore persist in the cell. Their quantity in peripheral blood can be considered as an estimation of thymic and bone marrow output. By combining well established and commonly used TREC assay with a modified version of KREC assay, we have developed a duplex quantitative real-time PCR that allows quantification of both newly-produced T and B lymphocytes in a single assay. The number of TRECs and KRECs are obtained using a standard curve prepared by serially diluting TREC and KREC signal joints cloned in a bacterial plasmid, together with a fragment of T-cell receptor alpha constant gene that serves as reference gene. Results are reported as number of TRECs and KRECs/106 cells or per ml of blood. The quantification of these DNA fragments have been proven useful for monitoring immune reconstitution following bone marrow transplantation in both children and adults, for improved characterization of immune deficiencies, or for better understanding of certain immunomodulating drug activity.
T细胞受体删除环(TRECs)和K-删去重组切除圆(KRECs)是切下在T细胞和B细胞,分别在基因组DNA重组过程中的比例小环化的DNA分子,从而导致形成T形的一个高度多元化剧目和B细胞受体。他们没有的功能,但因为它们是稳定的,并且不能被复制,它们稀释每次细胞分裂后,从而持续仅在两个子细胞中的一个。因此,它们在周边血液水平可以假定为胸腺和骨髓输出的估计。
而TREC测定已大量使用在过去15年来评价胸腺输出的范围内,1 KREC测定,这是最初开发用于测量B细胞增殖和B细胞稳态在健康和疾病的贡献,2-已经是最近才提出作为骨质米的标记箭头的输出。3,4在这里,我们描述我们开发了既TRECs和KRECs的同时定量的方法。4
与此相结合的方法,通过实时PCR关联到DNA的定量变异是通过使用通过稀释含有TRECs,KRECs和T细胞受体的α常数的片段三重插入片段的质粒而获得的独特标准曲线(TCRAC),去除基因在以1:1:1的比例。这允许的TREC和KREC拷贝数的更准确的评价。此外,在相同的反应中的两个目标的同时定量能够降低试剂成本。
所提出的TREC / KREC测定可以是有用的测量T-的程度和B细胞的新生产的儿童或成人重症联合免疫缺陷(SCID),4-普通变异型免疫缺陷,5自身免疫性疾病,6-8和HIV感染9此外,它可以用于监测造血干细胞移植,10酶替代,11和抗病毒药9或免疫调节疗法后免疫恢复6-8最后,因为SCID病人正在使用的TREC测定尽管潜在的遗传缺陷识别,丙种球蛋白血症患者可使用KREC量化被识别中,TREC / KREC测定也可以用于检测免疫缺陷在新生儿筛查计划。12在这种情况下,该测试必须对DNA从血液涂抹小斑点萃取执行,并且在滤纸上干燥,必须是高度敏感和特异的目标疾病,以及高度重复性和成本效益。
KREC定量测试中的引入应该改善新生儿筛查的免疫缺陷,这经常被美国(WI,MA,CA)自2008年以来的一些地方进行表演时,威斯康星州成为第一个引种TRECs电子在其出生后的筛查方案的分析。13
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注:伦理学声明:此协议符合我们的机构,Spedali Civili di Brescia酒店的指引
1.准备一个"三将"质粒
TRECs | 前锋 | 5'-AAA GAG GGC AGC CCT CTC CAA GGC-3' |
逆转 | 5'-GGC TGA TCT TGT CTG ACA TTT GC-3' | |
KRECs | 前锋 | 5'-CCC AAG CTT TCA GCG CCC ATT ACG TTT CT-3' |
逆转 | 5'-CCC AAG CTT GTG AGG GAC ACG CAG CC-3' | |
TCRAC | 前锋 | 5'- 摹交流标记TAT GAG ACC GTG ACTTGC CAG-3' |
逆转 | 5'- 摹交流标签TGC TGT TGT TGA AGG CGT TTG C-3' |
使用表1的引物对克隆过程。在5'末端,在小写示核苷酸相应于限制性内切酶位点,而斜体字示出为加侧翼核苷酸。
图1.三插入质粒图谱。三插入片段的质粒地图显示TREC,KREC,TCRAC序列和限制性酶切位点的位置。 请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。
2.标准曲线准备
注:准备在0.1倍TE缓冲液稀释所有在专门设计的DNA结转遏制地方。
副本# | X 5.311×10 -18克 | 质粒DNA的质量(g) |
1×10 6个 | 5.311×10 -12 | |
1×10 5个 | 5.311×10 -13 | |
1×10 4个 | 5.311×10 -14 | |
1×10 3 | 5.311×10 -15 | |
1×10 2 | 5.311×10 -16 |
表2.质量需要每个标准曲线稀释点质粒。
质粒DNA的质量(g) | ÷5微升 | 质粒DNA的终浓度(g /微升) |
5.311×10 -12 | 1.062×10 -12 | |
5.311×10 -13 | 1.062×10 -13 | |
5.311×10 -14 | 1.062×10 -14 | |
5.311×10 -15 | 1.062×10 -15 | |
5.311×10 -16 | 1.062×10 -16 |
表3.计算所需的每个稀释点的质粒的浓度。
初始浓(克/微升) | 质粒DNA体积(微升) | DilueNT卷(微升) | 最终卷。 (微升) | 最终的浓度。 (克/微升) | 质粒DNA的最终拷贝数/ 5微升 |
Ç1 | V 1 | V 2 -V 1 | V 2 | C 2 | |
1×10 -7 | 5微升 | 45微升 | 50微升 | 1×10 -8 | 不适用 |
1×10 -8 | 5微升 | 495微升 | 500微升 | 1×10 -10 | 不适用 |
1×10 -10 | 5微升 | 465微升 | 470微升 | 1.062×10 -12 | 1×10 6个 |
1.062×10 -12 | 50微升 | 450微升 | 500微升 | 1.062×10 -13 | 1×10 5个 |
1.062×10 -13 | 50微升 | 450微升 | 500微升 | 1.062×10 -14 | 1×10 4个 |
1.062×10 -14 | 50微升 | 450微升 | 500微升 | 1.062×10 -15 | 1×10 3 |
1.062×10 -15 | 50微升 | 450微升 | 500微升 | 1.062×10 16 | 1×10 2 |
表4.稀释计算。
3. DNA提取目标样本
4.实时PCR检测TRECs和KRECs定量
TRECs + KRECs 一个 | TCRAC B | TRECs + KRECs | TCRAC | TRECs + KRECs | TCRAC | |||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 五 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | |
一 | 10份6 | 10份6 | 10份6 | 10份6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
B | 10 5人副本 | 10 5人副本 | 10 5人副本 | 10 5人副本 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Ç | 10 4份 | 10 4份 | 10 4份 | 10 4份 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
ð | 10 3份 | 10 3份 | 10 3份 | 10 3份 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
Ë | 10 2份 | 10 2份 | 10 2份 | 10 2份 | 五 | 五 | 五 | 5 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
˚F | 10副本 | 10副本 | 10副本 | 10副本 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
摹 | CTRL + | CTRL + | CTRL + | CTRL + | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
ħ | NTC | NTC | NTC | NTC | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
表5.样品的实时PCR板。
TRECs / KRECs | TCRAC | ||
H 2Ø | 2微升 | H 2Ø | 4.75微升 |
KRECs 20皮摩尔/微升 | 1.125微升 | TCRAC 20皮摩尔/微升 | 1.125微升 |
KRECs转速20皮摩尔/微升 | 1.125微升 | TCRAC转速20皮摩尔/微升 | 1.125微升 |
KRECs探头10皮摩尔/微升 | 0.5微升 | TCRAC探头10皮摩尔/微升 | 0.5微升 |
TRECs 20皮摩尔/微升 | 1.125微升 | 2倍的TaqMan通用PCR预混 | 12.5微升 |
TRECs转速20皮摩尔/微升 | 1.125微升 | ||
TRECs探头10皮摩尔/微升 | 0.5微升 | ||
2倍的TaqMan通用PCR预混 | 12.5微升 |
表6.体积所需的指示的井中的试剂。
TRECs | 前锋 | 5'-CAC一TC CCT TTC AAC CAT GCT-3' |
逆转 | 5'-TGC AGG TGC CTA TGC ATC A-3' | |
探测器 | 5'-FAM-ACA CCT CTG GTT TTT GTA AAG GTG CCC ACT-TAMRA-3' | |
KRECs | 前锋 | 5'-TCC CTT GGC AGT ATT ATT TGT ATC ACT-3 |
逆转 | 5'-AGG AGC CAG CTC TTA CCC TAG AGT-3' | |
探测器 | 5'-HEX-TCT GCA CGG GCA GCA GGT TGG-TAMRA-3 | |
TCRAC | 前锋 | 5'-TGG CCT AAC CCT GAT CCT CTT-3' |
逆转 | 5'-TTT GGA AGA GTC TCT CAG CTG GTA CAC-3 | |
探测器 | 5'-FAM-TCC CAC AGA TAT CCA GAA CCC TGA CCC-TAMRA-3' |
表7.引物序列和探针的实时计算机ř检测。
图2.标准曲线TRECs,KRECs和TCRAC。标准曲线分地块和登录回归线估计为TRECs(A),KRECs(B),和TCRAC(C)在建造时,验证是否符合理想的指数扩增率(斜率= 3.32),这将对应于100%的效率。 CT:循环阈值; R 2:确定回归系数请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。
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87健康对照组有代表性的样本进行化验:0岁儿童42 - 17(男/女:17分之25)和45岁的成年人24 - 60(男性/女性:一十六分之二十九)。得到的结果作为分别计算TRECs和每10 6个PBMC中KRECs,然后每毫升血液中TRECs和KRECs。
TRECs的数量随着年龄减少由于胸腺衰退,4特别是在一个非常尖锐的方式从0到3 - 4年。在成年人中,TREC数量还取决于性别,因为它降低更迅速在男性比?...
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TREC and KREC quantification can be considered a good estimate of recent thymic and bone marrow output provided that some caveats are taken into account. Even though an absolute quantification method employing standard curve requires more reagents and more space on the real-time PCR reaction plate, it ensures highly accurate quantitative results because unknown sample quantities are interpolated from standard curves built upon known amounts of starting material. Moreover this method is better fitted to detect low amount ...
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The authors have nothing to disclose.
The authors have no acknowledgements.
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Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Histopaque-1077 | Sigma Aldrich SRL | 10771-500 ML | density gradient separation method |
QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit (250) | QIAGEN | 51106 | DNA extraction |
Unmodified DNA Oligonucleotides HPSF 0.01 mmol | Eurofins MWG Operon/Carlo Erba Reagents S.r.l | Resuspend the lyophilized product to 100 pmol/µl | |
AmpliTaq DNA Polymerase: including 10x Buffer II and 25 mM MgCl2 | Applied Biosystems/Life-Technologies | N8080156 | |
GeneAmp dNTP Blend (100 mM) | Applied Biosystems/Life-Technologies | N8080261 | |
TOPO TA Cloning Kit for Subcloning | Invitrogen/Life-Technologies | K4500-01 | |
XL1-Blue Subcloning Grade Competent Cells | Stratagene | 200130 | |
PureYield Plasmid Miniprep System | Promega | A1223 | |
SpeI 500U | New England Biolabs | R0133S | |
HindIII-HF 10,000 U | New England Biolabs | R3104S | |
PureYield Plasmid Midiprep System | Promega | A2492 | |
XhoI 5,000 U | New England Biolabs | R0146S | |
TRIS Utrapure | Sigma Aldrich SRL | T1503 | |
EDTA | Sigma Aldrich SRL | E5134 | |
TE buffer (1 mM TRIS and 0.1 mM EDTA) | |||
TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix | Applied Biosystems/Life-Technologies | 4364338 | |
Dual labeled probes HPLC 0.01 mmol | Eurofins MWG Operon/Carlo Erba Reagents S.r.l | Resuspend the lyophilized product to 100 pmol/µl | |
NanoDrop 2000c spectrophotometer | ThermoFisher | ||
Applied Biosystems 2720 Thermal Cycler | Applied Biosystems/Life-Technologies | 4359659 | |
Fast 7500 Real-Time PCR system | Applied Biosystems/Life-Technologies | ||
SDS Sequence Detection Software 1.4 | Applied Biosystems/Life-Technologies |
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