需要订阅 JoVE 才能查看此. 登录或开始免费试用。
Method Article
A protocol is provided to use an Open Field Maze to access general locomotor activity, anxiety and emotionality in a laboratory mouse model.
Animal models have proven to be invaluable to researchers trying to answer questions regarding the mechanisms of behavior. The Open Field Maze is one of the most commonly used platforms to measure behaviors in animal models. It is a fast and relatively easy test that provides a variety of behavioral information ranging from general ambulatory ability to data regarding the emotionality of the subject animal. As it relates to rodent models, the procedure allows the study of different strains of mice or rats both laboratory bred and wild-captured. The technique also readily lends itself to the investigation of different pharmacological compounds for anxiolytic or anxiogenic effects. Here, a protocol for use of the open field maze to describe mouse behaviors is detailed and a simple analysis of general locomotor ability and anxiety-related emotional behaviors between two strains of C57BL/6 mice is performed. Briefly, using the described protocol we show Wild Type mice exhibited significantly less anxiety related behaviors than did age-matched Knock Out mice while both strains exhibited similar ambulatory ability.
The Open Field Maze (OFM) was initially developed in 1934 as a test to measure emotionality in rodents1. It has attained the status of being one of the most widely used measures of behavior in animal psychology2. It provides an easy and fairly rapid assessment of well-defined behaviors requiring no training to the test subject and little to no specialized training for the human administering the test. These attributes have led to wide-spread use of the open field maze in research extended to other animal species such as calves, pigs, rabbits, primates, honeybees and lobsters3. Part of its popularity arises from the fact that the psychological and physiological concepts underlying the tests are generally straight-forward and well understood. For example, it has been postulated that evolutionary forces have selected for a common response in animals such that most species display anxiety-mediated fear or flight responses to specific stimuli. Rodents for example, show distinct aversions to large, brightly lit, open and unknown environments4. We can assume they have been phylogenetically conditioned to see these types of environments as dangerous. All of these features are incorporated in the open field maze and form the basis of its use in behavioral paradigm testing.
An open field maze consists of a wall-enclosed area that is of sufficient height to prevent the subject from escaping. Typical maze shapes are circular or square with an area large enough, based on the size of the subject tested, to elicit a feeling of openness in the center of the maze. A number of variables can be scored in the open field maze with most parameters involving differing types of motor activity2. Ambulation is the most common behavior studied but others such as latency or rearing can also be measured. Most often, rodent behavior is analyzed in a bare maze. However, the addition of objects, either one or many to the maze floor, adds the ability to see how the subject interacts with novel additional stimuli2. Relevant parameters when objects are presented are typically the number of approaches to an object or in some cases, preference or aversion for one object over another.
Many behavioral tests of anxiety are based on the subject animal’s body activity and locomotion5. Interpreting behavioral tests for emotionality while separating non-emotional confounding factors, such as motor activity, has been the subject of intense debate6,7. As the OFM was originally described, two measures of emotionality can be deduced, locomotor activity and fecal boli deposits or defecation1. However, these two measures have been shown in some studies to be unrelated supporting the conclusion that emotionality in rodents is multidimensional5. Regardless, discrepancies in the literature regarding these measures and emotionality or anxiety in mouse models may be attributed to differences in analysis criteria or differences in testing procedures. Studies have conclusively linked results from OFM analysis with other measures of anxiety when comparing mouse models8.
注:此处进行的所有手术均由IACUC(研究合规办公室)提交给批准,并进行以下NIH的指导方针。在行为测试模式用于小鼠幼稚,不用于其他测试。的C57BL / 6野生型和敲除小鼠在此协议中使用先前已被描述图9和这里介绍的数据是从该手稿。
1.准备的检测室和开放现场设备
2.准备软件测量活动
3.管理的开放式现场测试
注:在本协议中所使用的软件允许多达16个独立的小鼠的跟踪一次。为便于完成并且如上所述,这里所讨论的协议是使用OFM的单个象限一个鼠标。在使用这种协议的设备,最多4个独立的小鼠可以用迷宫的每个象限进行跟踪。如果利用多机箱迷宫,将第一对象小鼠在其定义的象限后,将剩余的小鼠成各自的迷宫象限用于跟踪分析。对于该协议的目的,进一步说明将具体到迷宫的单象限。
4.测量与行为分析在测试过程
注:对于测量,露地行为三个方面使用该协议(见讨论)容易表征。关于如何访问视频追踪软件这些测量结果的简要说明如下。
每在大多数情况下,测试小鼠的品系的个体的平均数目是约20,以产生足够的统计相关性。然而,该数量可以在8-30的范围内根据对小鼠的可用性。根据所需要的测量或比较,它也有利于使用年龄匹配的主题。
第一,可以说是最重要的具体的参数在田野迷宫来衡量的总门诊距离。同时测量单位无关为比较目的,它是最经常表达为公制测量(厘米)。在这里( 图5)?...
旷场迷宫是在动物行为学研究中最广泛使用的平台之一。一些重要的常规和行为学参数2,4可以收集和OFM的表现时进行分析。这些数据允许研究者测量行为,从整体运动活性焦虑有关的情感行为8。然而,使用OFM的也不是没有缺点。一个混杂的问题是大范围可以在任何测试期间被操纵的静态变量。例子包括时间,照明条件和新的物体包容。变异性在实验方案的设置和设计,这是必要?...
The authors have nothing to disclose.
This work was supported by The National Institute of Health (NIH-2RO1NS033661) and by the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station (HATCH ALA021-1-09017).
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Multi Unit Open Field Test | San Diego Instruments, Inc. | White 7001-0354 | Any single or multi unit open field maze can be used |
SMART DT Tracking Software | PanLab/Harvard Apparatus | 76-0695 | Any tracking software can be utilized with this protocol |
Sony 990x Video Camera Recorder | Sony | CCD-TRV328 | Any suitable video camera can be attached to computer for recording tracking profiles. |
请求许可使用此 JoVE 文章的文本或图形
请求许可This article has been published
Video Coming Soon
版权所属 © 2025 MyJoVE 公司版权所有,本公司不涉及任何医疗业务和医疗服务。