Name: purification of prominin-1+ stem cells from postnatal mouse cerebellum
Uploaded: 2020-04-12T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Purification of Prominin-1+ Stem Cells from Postnatal Mouse Cerebellum at JoVE.com

We thank the Opal lab members for their suggestions. This work was supported by NIH grants 1RO1 NS062051 and 1RO1NS08251 (Opal P)

All animal experiments were performed in compliance with the NIH&#8217;s Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (2011) and were approved by the Northwestern University IACUC (Protocol IS00011368).
1. Preparation of Solutions
<ol>
	<li>Prepare tissue dissociation solution made from sterile phenol red-containing Dulbecco&#8217;s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) with papain (100 U/ml), cysteine (0.2 mg/ml) and DNase (250 U/ml).</li>
	<li>To prepare DNase solution dilute&#160;100 mg of...

<ol>
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M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Critical+Role+for+the+DNA+Sensor+AIM2+in+Stem+Cell+Proliferation+and+Cancer.">Critical Role for the DNA Sensor AIM2 in Stem Cell Proliferation and Cancer.</a> Cell. 162, 45-58 (2015).</li><li>Fleming, J. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Purkinje+neuron+acts+as+a+central+regulator+of+spatially+and+functionally+distinct+cerebellar+precursors.">The Purkinje neuron acts as a central regulator of spatially and functionally distinct cerebellar precursors.</a> Developmental Cell. 27, 278-292 (2013).</li><li>Panchision, D. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimized+flow+cytometric+analysis+of+central+nervous+system+tissue+reveals+novel+functional+relationships+among+cells+expressing+CD133,+CD15,+and+CD24.">Optimized flow cytometric analysis of central nervous system tissue reveals novel functional relationships among cells expressing CD133, CD15, and CD24.</a> Stem Cells. 25, 1560-1570 (2007).</li><li>Beaudoin, G. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Culturing+pyramidal+neurons+from+the+early+postnatal+mouse+hippocampus+and+cortex.">Culturing pyramidal neurons from the early postnatal mouse hippocampus and cortex.</a> Nature Protocols. 7, 1741-1754 (2012).</li><li>Edamakanti, C. 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L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+neuronal+differentiation+in+human+CNS+stem+cell+progeny+by+leukemia+inhibitory+factor.">Regulation of neuronal differentiation in human CNS stem cell progeny by leukemia inhibitory factor.</a> Developmental Neurosciences. 22, 86-95 (2000).</li><li>Silbereis, J., Cheng, E., Ganat, Y. M., Ment, L. R., Vaccarino, F. 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Prominin-1-expressing cerebellar stem cells reside in the prospective white matter during the first 3 weeks of postnatal life. Their proliferation is tightly controlled by the sonic hedgehog pathway supported by Purkinje cells17. These stem cells/progenitors contribute to later-born GABAergic interneurons called basket cells and stellate cells. These interneurons reside in the molecular layer, where they synapse onto Purkinje cells and sculpt PC topography and function via GABAergic inhibition<sup...

The cerebellum has been long recognized as a major neuronal circuit coordinating voluntary movement1. It receives input from the wide swathes of the neuroaxis, which includes proprioceptive information from the periphery, so as to fine tune motor output&#160;and coordinate motion. More recently, it has also been implicated in regulating cognition and emotions by potentially using similar information processing networks2,3,4.
The adult cerebellum is composed of an outer cerebellar cortex and inner white matter. Interspersed within these structures are deep intracerebellar nuclei. Similar to the rest of the nervous system, the development of the cerebellum is driven by the proliferation of multipotent progenitor cells (stem cells) that migrate and differentiate to yield this well-organized structure. In early development (E10.5&#8211;E13.5), a ventricular stem niche around the developing fourth ventricle generates GABAergic neurons (i.e., Purkinje cells, Lugaro cells, Golgi cells) along with Bergmann glia5,6,7,8.
Later in development (postnatal week one), a second stem cell niche in the rhombic lip generates MATH1- and Nestin-expressing progenitors that give rise to excitatory granule neurons9,10,11,12. Recently a third stem cell niche has been described13. These cells express prominin-1 (also known as CD133), a membrane-spanning glycoprotein that defines a subset of stem cells in the intestine and hematopoietic systems14,15,16. In vivo fate mapping shows that these stem cells generate key molecular layer interneurons (i.e., basket cells and stellate cells), along with astrocytes, during the first three postnatal weeks. In the past, it has been difficult to study these cells in vitro because prior methods have required costly and time-consuming techniques (i.e., fluorescence-activated cell sorting [FACS]) that are dependent on prominin-1 staining12,13,17. This protocol describes an immunomagnetic-based method for the isolation of these stem cells that can then be readily cultured and differentiated.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.05%Trypsin</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>25300054</td>
			<td>0.05%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2% B27</td>
			<td>Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>17504001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2mM EDTA solution</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>46-034-CI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti- Prominin-1 microbeads</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biote</td>
			<td>130-092-333</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>bovine serum albumin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A9418</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Column MultiStand</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-042-303</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>culture plates ultra - low attachment</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3473</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cysteine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C7880</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNase</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D4513-1VL</td>
			<td>250 U/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#8217;s Phosphate Buffer Saline</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14040141</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hank&#39;s balanced salt solution-HBSS</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>14025-092</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human recombinant Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>G507A</td>
			<td>20 ng/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human recombinant Epidermal Growth Factor</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>G502A</td>
			<td>20 ng/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leukemia Inhibitory Factor</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>L5158</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>l-glutamine</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25030081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscopy</td>
			<td>Lieca TCS SP5 confocal microscopes</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MiniMACS separator</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-042-102</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>mouse anti-Prominin-1</td>
			<td>Affymetrix eBioscience</td>
			<td>14-1331</td>
			<td>1 in 100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nestin</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab27952</td>
			<td>1 in 200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neurobasal medium</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>25030081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>O4</td>
			<td>Millopore</td>
			<td>MAB345</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Papain</td>
			<td>Worthington</td>
			<td>LS003126</td>
			<td>(100 U/ml)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Platelet- Derived Growth Factor</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H8291</td>
			<td>10 ng/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly-D-Lysine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P6407</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>rabbit anti-tubulin, b-III</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>T2200</td>
			<td>1 in 500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rabit anti-GFAP</td>
			<td>Dako</td>
			<td>Z0334</td>
			<td>1 in 500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Separation columns-MS columns</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-042-201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile cell strainer</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>22363547</td>
			<td>40um</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

purification of prominin-1+ stem cells from postnatal mouse cerebellum

Most cerebellar neurons arise from two embryonic stem niches: a rhombic lip niche, which generates all the cerebellar excitatory glutamatergic neurons, and a ventricular zone niche, which generates the inhibitory GABAergic Purkinje cells, which are neurons that constitute the deep cerebellar nuclei and Bergman glia. Recently, a third stem cell niche has been described that arises as a secondary germinal zone from the ventricular zone niche. The cells of this niche are defined by the cell surface marker prominin-1 and are localized to the developing white matter of the postnatal cerebellum. This niche accounts for the late born molecular layer GABAergic interneurons along with postnatally generated cerebellar astrocytes. In addition to their developmental role, this niche is gaining translational importance in regards to its involvement in neurodegeneration and tumorigenesis. The biology of these cells has been difficult to decipher because of a lack of efficient techniques for their purification. Demonstrated here are efficient methods to purify, culture, and differentiate these postnatal cerebellar stem cells.

Prominin-1-positive postnatal cerebellar stem cells formed neurospheres in neurosphere medium rich in growth factors (EGF and bFGF). These neurospheres were positive for prominin-1-staining, the marker used for isolation, and also as a stain for other stem cell markers such as Nestin and GFAP13 (Figure 1). The stem cell marker expression was maintained throughout culture and for up to at least eight passages20. Upon withdrawal of growth factors...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Purification of Prominin-1+ Stem Cells from Postnatal Mouse Cerebellum at JoVE.com

Purification of Prominin-1+ Stem Cells from Postnatal Mouse Cerebellum

Demonstrated here is an efficient and cost-effective method to purify, culture, and differentiate white matter stem cells from postnatal mouse cerebellum.

Purification of Prominin-1+ Stem Cells from Postnatal Mouse Cerebellum

Most cerebellar neurons arise from two embryonic stem niches: a rhombic lip niche, which generates all the cerebellar excitatory glutamatergic neurons, ...

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