Chapter 7
Pharmacokinetic Models
Analysemethoden pharmakokinetischer Daten: Modell- und modellunabhängige Ansätze
The drug disposition in the body is a complex process and can be studied using two major approaches: the model and the model-independent approaches.
The ...
Modellansätze für pharmakokinetische Daten: Kompartimentmodelle
Compartmental analysis is a commonly used approach to characterize drug pharmacokinetics.
Compartment models assume the body as a series of reversibly ...
Offenes Modell mit einem Kompartiment für die intravenöse Bolusverabreichung: Allgemeine Überlegungen
A one-compartment open pharmacokinetic model describes the drug concentration-time course in the body post-administration. It views the body as a single, ...
Offenes Modell mit einem Kompartiment für die intravenöse Bolusverabreichung: Schätzung der Konstante der Eliminationsrate, der Halbwertszeit und des Verteilungsvolumens
The one-compartment open model for IV bolus drug administration considers drug elimination as a monoexponential process.
Analyzing the plasma drug ...
Offenes Modell mit einem Kompartiment für die Verabreichung von IV-Bolus: Schätzung der Clearance
Clearance signifies the theoretical fluid volume from which a drug is completely removed within a specific timeframe, expressed as volume per unit time. ...
Modell mit einem Kompartiment: IV-Infusion
IV infusion is suitable when maintenance of constant and stable drug concentration in the body is desired or when the drug poses toxicity risks.
For ...
Offenes Modell mit einem Kompartiment für die extravaskuläre Verabreichung: Absorptionsmodell nullter Ordnung
Extravascular drug administration occurs via oral, intramuscular, or rectal routes.
It relies on absorption for the drug's therapeutic activity.
Here, ...
Offenes Modell mit einem Kompartiment für die extravaskuläre Verabreichung: Absorptionsmodell erster Ordnung
The first-order absorption model for extravascular administration considers the rate at which a drug is absorbed, distributed in body tissues, and ...
Offenes Modell mit einem Kompartiment: Wagner-Nelson und Loo Riegelman Methode zur ka Schätzung
The Wagner-Nelson method estimates the absorption rate constant, ka, for drugs administered without assuming zero- or first-order absorption.
Its ...
Offenes Modell mit einem Kompartiment: Daten zur Urinausscheidung und Bestimmung von k
Urinary excretion data helps understand the process of drug elimination from the body, providing insight into the clearance of unaltered drugs.
It is a ...
Modelle mit mehreren Kammern: Übersicht
Multicompartment models illustrate how drugs are distributed and eliminated within the body. They offer a more accurate depiction than one-compartment ...
Offenes Modell mit zwei Kammern: Übersicht
Multicompartment pharmacokinetic models illustrate drug distribution and elimination within the body.
The most common type of these models is the ...
Offenes Modell mit zwei Kompartimenten: IV-Bolusverabreichung
The two-compartment model for intravenous bolus administration comprises central and peripheral compartments, representing the distribution of a drug in ...
Offenes Modell mit zwei Kammern: IV-Infusion
Two-compartment models are pharmacokinetic tools to understand drug distribution.
For a drug administered via a constant rate or zero-order intravenous ...
Offenes Modell mit zwei Kompartimenten: Extravaskuläre Verabreichung
Two-compartment models for extravascular administration involve a central and a peripheral compartment.
For a drug entering the body via a first-order ...
Offenes Modell mit drei Kammern
Three-compartment models are similar to the two-compartment model but have an additional deep tissue compartment.
The deep tissue compartment represents ...
Mechanistische Modelle: Übersicht der Fachmodelle
Pharmacokinetic models can be classified as empirical or mechanistic.
Empirical models include data description with minimal assumptions about the ...
Mechanistische Modelle: Kompartimentmodelle in der Individuen- und Populationsanalyse
The individual analysis uses mechanistic models involving single-source data. However, data collection errors prevent perfect observed data prediction.
In ...
Mechanistische Modelle: Kompartimentmodelle in Algorithmen zur numerischen Problemlösung
Mechanistic models use numerical problem-solving algorithms to evaluate parameters.
Some algorithms use linearization techniques to simplify the model ...
Modellansätze für pharmakokinetische Daten: Physiologische Modelle
Physiological models illustrate the drug's distribution and elimination processes within the body.
They describe the drug concentration in target ...
Physiologische pharmakokinetische Modelle: Annahme mit Proteinbindung
Physiological models can predict drug disposition assuming linear drug-protein interactions.
Compared to conventional models, they effectively predict ...
Physiologische pharmakokinetische Modelle: Modelle mit begrenztem Blutfluss versus diffusionsbegrenzt
Physiological models generally postulate a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood.
Rapid drug equilibrium assumes quick drug diffusion ...
Physiologische pharmakokinetische Modelle: Einbeziehung der hepatischen Transporter-vermittelten Clearance
Drug transporters are pivotal in drug absorption, distribution, and excretion processes and should be included in physiologically-based pharmacokinetic ...
Modellansätze für pharmakokinetische Daten: Modelle mit verteilten Parametern
Pharmacokinetic models employ mathematical expressions for predicting drug behavior in the body and calculating pharmacokinetic parameters.
Different ...
Modellunabhängige Ansätze für pharmakokinetische Daten: Nichtkompartimentelle Analyse
Noncompartmental analysis is an alternative method for describing drug pharmacokinetics without assigning a particular compartmental model to the drug.
...
Nichtkompartimentelle Analyse: Statistische Momententheorie
Noncompartmental analyses rely on statistical moment theory to examine time-related changes in macroscopic events. Mean residence time, MRT, describes the ...
Nichtkompartimentelle Analyse: Mittlere Verweilzeit
According to statistical moment theory, mean residence time is the expected mean of a probability density function distribution. It can also be viewed ...
Nichtkompartimentelle Analyse: Mittlere Transit-, Absorptions- und Auflösungszeit
When drugs are administered extravascularly, various parameters are considered for noncompartmental analysis.
The mean transit time, MTT, is the total ...
Nichtkompartimentelle Analytik: Verschiedene pharmakokinetische Parameter
The noncompartmental approach utilizes various factors, including clearance, bioavailability, and total volume of distribution.
Once a drug is ...
Pharmakokinetische Modelle: Vergleichs- und Auswahlkriterium
Physiological and compartmental models used to study biological systems rely on differential equations for mass balance.
Physiological models consider ...
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