Chapter 7
Pharmacokinetic Models
Méthodes d’analyse des données pharmacocinétiques : approches indépendantes du modèle
The drug disposition in the body is a complex process and can be studied using two major approaches: the model and the model-independent approaches.
The ...
Approches modèles pour les données pharmacocinétiques : modèles de compartiments
Compartmental analysis is a commonly used approach to characterize drug pharmacokinetics.
Compartment models assume the body as a series of reversibly ...
Modèle ouvert à un compartiment pour l’administration d’un bolus IV : considérations générales
A one-compartment open pharmacokinetic model describes the drug concentration-time course in the body post-administration. It views the body as a single, ...
Modèle ouvert à un compartiment pour l’administration d’un bolus IV : estimation de la constante du taux d’élimination, de la demi-vie et du volume de distribution
The one-compartment open model for IV bolus drug administration considers drug elimination as a monoexponential process.
Analyzing the plasma drug ...
Modèle ouvert à un compartiment pour l’administration d’un bolus IV : estimation de la clairance
Clearance signifies the theoretical fluid volume from which a drug is completely removed within a specific timeframe, expressed as volume per unit time. ...
Modèle à un compartiment : perfusion IV
IV infusion is suitable when maintenance of constant and stable drug concentration in the body is desired or when the drug poses toxicity risks.
For ...
Modèle ouvert à un compartiment pour l’administration extravasculaire : modèle d’absorption d’ordre zéro
Extravascular drug administration occurs via oral, intramuscular, or rectal routes.
It relies on absorption for the drug's therapeutic activity.
Here, ...
Modèle ouvert à un compartiment pour l’administration extravasculaire : modèle d’absorption de premier ordre
The first-order absorption model for extravascular administration considers the rate at which a drug is absorbed, distributed in body tissues, and ...
Modèle ouvert à un compartiment : méthode de Wagner-Nelson et Loo Riegelman pour l’estimation de k a
The Wagner-Nelson method estimates the absorption rate constant, ka, for drugs administered without assuming zero- or first-order absorption.
Its ...
Modèle ouvert à un compartiment : données d’excrétion urinaire et détermination de k
Urinary excretion data helps understand the process of drug elimination from the body, providing insight into the clearance of unaltered drugs.
It is a ...
Modèles à plusieurs compartiments : vue d’ensemble
Multicompartment models illustrate how drugs are distributed and eliminated within the body. They offer a more accurate depiction than one-compartment ...
Modèle ouvert à deux compartiments : Vue d’ensemble
Multicompartment pharmacokinetic models illustrate drug distribution and elimination within the body.
The most common type of these models is the ...
Modèle ouvert à deux compartiments : administration d’un bolus IV
The two-compartment model for intravenous bolus administration comprises central and peripheral compartments, representing the distribution of a drug in ...
Modèle ouvert à deux compartiments : perfusion IV
Two-compartment models are pharmacokinetic tools to understand drug distribution.
For a drug administered via a constant rate or zero-order intravenous ...
Modèle ouvert à deux compartiments : administration extravasculaire
Two-compartment models for extravascular administration involve a central and a peripheral compartment.
For a drug entering the body via a first-order ...
Modèle ouvert à trois compartiments
Three-compartment models are similar to the two-compartment model but have an additional deep tissue compartment.
The deep tissue compartment represents ...
Modèles mécanistes : aperçu des modèles à compartiments
Pharmacokinetic models can be classified as empirical or mechanistic.
Empirical models include data description with minimal assumptions about the ...
Modèles mécanistes : modèles de compartiments dans l’analyse individuelle et de population
The individual analysis uses mechanistic models involving single-source data. However, data collection errors prevent perfect observed data prediction.
In ...
Modèles mécanistes : modèles de compartiments dans les algorithmes pour la résolution de problèmes numériques
Mechanistic models use numerical problem-solving algorithms to evaluate parameters.
Some algorithms use linearization techniques to simplify the model ...
Approches modèles pour les données pharmacocinétiques : modèles physiologiques
Physiological models illustrate the drug's distribution and elimination processes within the body.
They describe the drug concentration in target ...
Modèles pharmacocinétiques physiologiques : hypothèse avec liaison aux protéines
Physiological models can predict drug disposition assuming linear drug-protein interactions.
Compared to conventional models, they effectively predict ...
Modèles pharmacocinétiques physiologiques : modèles limités par le débit sanguin et modèles limités par la diffusion
Physiological models generally postulate a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood.
Rapid drug equilibrium assumes quick drug diffusion ...
Modèles pharmacocinétiques physiologiques : intégration de la clairance médiée par le transporteur hépatique
Drug transporters are pivotal in drug absorption, distribution, and excretion processes and should be included in physiologically-based pharmacokinetic ...
Approches modèles pour les données pharmacocinétiques : modèles de paramètres distribués
Pharmacokinetic models employ mathematical expressions for predicting drug behavior in the body and calculating pharmacokinetic parameters.
Different ...
Approches indépendantes du modèle pour les données pharmacocinétiques : analyse non compartimentale
Noncompartmental analysis is an alternative method for describing drug pharmacokinetics without assigning a particular compartmental model to the drug.
...
Analyse non compartimentale : théorie statistique des moments
Noncompartmental analyses rely on statistical moment theory to examine time-related changes in macroscopic events. Mean residence time, MRT, describes the ...
Analyse non compartimentale : temps de séjour moyen
According to statistical moment theory, mean residence time is the expected mean of a probability density function distribution. It can also be viewed ...
Analyse non compartimentale : temps moyen de transit, d’absorption et de dissolution
When drugs are administered extravascularly, various parameters are considered for noncompartmental analysis.
The mean transit time, MTT, is the total ...
Analyse non compartimentale : paramètres pharmacocinétiques divers
The noncompartmental approach utilizes various factors, including clearance, bioavailability, and total volume of distribution.
Once a drug is ...
Modèles pharmacocinétiques : comparaison et critères de sélection
Physiological and compartmental models used to study biological systems rely on differential equations for mass balance.
Physiological models consider ...
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