Chapter 7
Pharmacokinetic Models
Metodi di analisi dei dati farmacocinetici: approcci modello e model-independent
The drug disposition in the body is a complex process and can be studied using two major approaches: the model and the model-independent approaches.
The ...
Approcci modello per dati farmacocinetici: modelli compartimentali
Compartmental analysis is a commonly used approach to characterize drug pharmacokinetics.
Compartment models assume the body as a series of reversibly ...
Modello aperto a un compartimento per la somministrazione del bolo IV: considerazioni generali
A one-compartment open pharmacokinetic model describes the drug concentration-time course in the body post-administration. It views the body as a single, ...
Modello aperto a un compartimento per la somministrazione di bolo endovenoso: stima della costante del tasso di eliminazione, dell'emivita e del volume di distribuzione
The one-compartment open model for IV bolus drug administration considers drug elimination as a monoexponential process.
Analyzing the plasma drug ...
Modello aperto a un compartimento per la somministrazione del bolo endovenoso: stima della clearance
Clearance signifies the theoretical fluid volume from which a drug is completely removed within a specific timeframe, expressed as volume per unit time. ...
Modello a un compartimento: Infusione endovenosa
IV infusion is suitable when maintenance of constant and stable drug concentration in the body is desired or when the drug poses toxicity risks.
For ...
Modello aperto monocompartimentale per somministrazione extravascolare: modello di assorbimento di ordine zero
Extravascular drug administration occurs via oral, intramuscular, or rectal routes.
It relies on absorption for the drug's therapeutic activity.
Here, ...
Modello aperto a un compartimento per la somministrazione extravascolare: modello di assorbimento del primo ordine
The first-order absorption model for extravascular administration considers the rate at which a drug is absorbed, distributed in body tissues, and ...
Modello aperto a un compartimento: metodo Wagner-Nelson e Loo Riegelman per la stima ka
The Wagner-Nelson method estimates the absorption rate constant, ka, for drugs administered without assuming zero- or first-order absorption.
Its ...
Modello aperto a un compartimento: dati sull'escrezione urinaria e determinazione di k
Urinary excretion data helps understand the process of drug elimination from the body, providing insight into the clearance of unaltered drugs.
It is a ...
Modelli multiscomparto: Panoramica
Multicompartment models illustrate how drugs are distributed and eliminated within the body. They offer a more accurate depiction than one-compartment ...
Modello aperto a due scomparti: Panoramica
Multicompartment pharmacokinetic models illustrate drug distribution and elimination within the body.
The most common type of these models is the ...
Modello aperto a due compartimenti: somministrazione in bolo IV
The two-compartment model for intravenous bolus administration comprises central and peripheral compartments, representing the distribution of a drug in ...
Modello aperto a due compartimenti: Infusione endovenosa
Two-compartment models are pharmacokinetic tools to understand drug distribution.
For a drug administered via a constant rate or zero-order intravenous ...
Modello aperto a due compartimenti: somministrazione extravascolare
Two-compartment models for extravascular administration involve a central and a peripheral compartment.
For a drug entering the body via a first-order ...
Modello aperto a tre scomparti
Three-compartment models are similar to the two-compartment model but have an additional deep tissue compartment.
The deep tissue compartment represents ...
Modelli meccanicistici: panoramica dei modelli a scomparti
Pharmacokinetic models can be classified as empirical or mechanistic.
Empirical models include data description with minimal assumptions about the ...
Modelli meccanicistici: modelli compartimentali nell'analisi individuale e di popolazione
The individual analysis uses mechanistic models involving single-source data. However, data collection errors prevent perfect observed data prediction.
In ...
Modelli meccanicistici: modelli di compartimento in algoritmi per la risoluzione di problemi numerici
Mechanistic models use numerical problem-solving algorithms to evaluate parameters.
Some algorithms use linearization techniques to simplify the model ...
Approcci modellistici per dati farmacocinetici: modelli fisiologici
Physiological models illustrate the drug's distribution and elimination processes within the body.
They describe the drug concentration in target ...
Modelli Farmacocinetici Fisiologici: Ipotesi con Legame Proteico
Physiological models can predict drug disposition assuming linear drug-protein interactions.
Compared to conventional models, they effectively predict ...
Modelli fisiologici di farmacocinetica: modelli a flusso sanguigno limitato e a diffusione limitata
Physiological models generally postulate a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood.
Rapid drug equilibrium assumes quick drug diffusion ...
Modelli fisiologici di farmacocinetica: incorporazione della clearance mediata dal trasportatore epatico
Drug transporters are pivotal in drug absorption, distribution, and excretion processes and should be included in physiologically-based pharmacokinetic ...
Approcci modellistici per dati farmacocinetici: modelli a parametri distribuiti
Pharmacokinetic models employ mathematical expressions for predicting drug behavior in the body and calculating pharmacokinetic parameters.
Different ...
Approcci indipendenti dal modello per i dati farmacocinetici: analisi non compartimentale
Noncompartmental analysis is an alternative method for describing drug pharmacokinetics without assigning a particular compartmental model to the drug.
...
Analisi non compartimentale: teoria statistica dei momenti
Noncompartmental analyses rely on statistical moment theory to examine time-related changes in macroscopic events. Mean residence time, MRT, describes the ...
Analisi non compartimentale: tempo medio di permanenza
According to statistical moment theory, mean residence time is the expected mean of a probability density function distribution. It can also be viewed ...
Analisi non compartimentale: tempo medio di transito, assorbimento e dissoluzione
When drugs are administered extravascularly, various parameters are considered for noncompartmental analysis.
The mean transit time, MTT, is the total ...
Analisi non compartimentale: parametri farmacocinetici vari
The noncompartmental approach utilizes various factors, including clearance, bioavailability, and total volume of distribution.
Once a drug is ...
Modelli farmacocinetici: confronto e criterio di selezione
Physiological and compartmental models used to study biological systems rely on differential equations for mass balance.
Physiological models consider ...
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