Name: imaging glycans in zebrafish embryos by metabolic labeling and bioorthogonal click chemistry
Uploaded: 2011-06-06T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Imaging Glycans in Zebrafish Embryos by Metabolic Labeling and Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry at JoVE.com

This work was partially supported by the National Institutes of Health (GM093282 to P.W.; 3U54AI057158-06S1 to R.D.S.) and startup funds from Albert Einstein College of Medicine.

1. Egg Collection and Dechorionation
<ol>
	<li>Collect and transfer zebrafish eggs to 35mm petri dish, remove as much water as possible and then add 1 mg/ml Pronease E in E3 embryo medium (5 mM NaCl, 0.17 mM KCl, 0.33 mM CaCl2&middot;2H2O, 0.33 mM MgSO4, pH = 7.4) to digest the chorion.</li>
	<li>After 3-5 minutes, merge the dish into a beaker filled with fish water (60 mg "instant Ocean" per liter distilled H2O), and gently transfer the eggs to the beaker and allow the eggs...

<ol>
	<li>Laughlin, S. T., Bertozzi, C. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+the+glycome.">Imaging the glycome.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106, 12-17 (2009).</li><li>Baskin, J. M., Bertozzi, C. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bioorthogonal+click+chemistry:+Covalent+labeling+in+living+systems.">Bioorthogonal click chemistry: Covalent labeling in living systems.</a> Qsar Comb. Sci. 26, 1211-1219 (2007).</li><li>Soriano del Amo, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biocompatible+copper(I)+catalysts+for+in+vivo+imaging+of+glycans.">Biocompatible copper(I) catalysts for in vivo imaging of glycans.</a> J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 16893-16899 (2010).</li><li>Chang, P. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolic+labeling+of+sialic+acids+in+living+animals+with+alkynyl+sugars.">Metabolic labeling of sialic acids in living animals with alkynyl sugars.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48, 4030-4033 (2009).</li><li>Laughlin, S. T., Baskin, J. M., Amacher, S. L., Bertozzi, C. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+imaging+of+membrane-associated+glycans+in+developing+zebrafish.">In vivo imaging of membrane-associated glycans in developing zebrafish.</a> Science. 320, 664-667 (2008).</li><li>Baskin, J. M., Dehnert, K. W., Laughlin, S. T., Amacher, S. L., Bertozzi, C. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualizing+enveloping+layer+glycans+during+zebrafish+early+embryogenesis.">Visualizing enveloping layer glycans during zebrafish early embryogenesis.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 107, 10360-10365 (2010).</li><li>Kemp, H. A., Carmany-Rampey, A., Moens, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generating+chimeric+zebrafish+embryos+by+transplantation.">Generating chimeric zebrafish embryos by transplantation.</a> J. Vis. Exp. , (2009).</li><li>Wang, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemoenzymatic+synthesis+of+GDP-L-fucose+and+the+Lewis+X+glycan+derivatives.">Chemoenzymatic synthesis of GDP-L-fucose and the Lewis X glycan derivatives.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106, 16096-16101 (2009).</li><li>Rosen, J. N., Sweeney, M. F., Mably, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microinjection+of+zebrafish+embryos+to+analyze+gene+function.">Microinjection of zebrafish embryos to analyze gene function.</a> J. Vis. Exp. , (2009).</li><li>Westerfield, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> THE ZEBRAFISH BOOK, A guide for the laboratory use of zebrafish (Danio rerio). , (2007).</li><li>Kimmel, C. B., Warga, R. M., Schilling, T. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Origin+and+organization+of+the+zebrafish+fate+map.">Origin and organization of the zebrafish fate map.</a> Development. 108, 581-594 (1990).</li></ol>

Imaging biomolecules in vivo provides critical insights of their biological activities in their native environments. In this video, we demonstrate how the labeling of fucosylated glycans in the enveloping layer of zebrafish embryos is realized by microinjecting one-cell stage embryos with GDP-FucAl and a second-step fluorophore conjugation via BTTES-mediated biocompatible CuAAC3. Robust labeling can be achieved within 2-3 minutes, and the labeled glycans are detectable as early as 2.5 hpf. Importantl...

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Name of the reagent</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog number</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>203165</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 488 azide</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A10266</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>dextran, Alexa Fluor 594</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>D-22913</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>(+)-Sodium L-ascorbate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A7631</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bathocuproinedisulfonic acid</td>
			<td>Acros Organics</td>
			<td>164060010</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass bottom microwell dish</td>
			<td>MatTek</td>
			<td>P35G-1.5-14-C</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

imaging glycans in zebrafish embryos by metabolic labeling and bioorthogonal click chemistry

Imaging glycans in vivo has recently been enabled using a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy by treating cells or organisms with azide- or alkyne-tagged monosaccharides1, 2. The modified monosaccharides, processed by the glycan biosynthetic machinery, are incorporated into cell surface glycoconjugates. The bioorthogonal azide or alkyne tags then allow covalent conjugation with fluorescent probes for visualization, or with affinity probes for enrichment and glycoproteomic analysis. This protocol describes the procedures typically used for noninvasive imaging of fucosylated glycans in zebrafish embryos, including: 1) microinjection of one-cell stage embryos with GDP-5-alkynylfucose (GDP-FucAl), 2) labeling fucosylated glycans in the enveloping layer of zebrafish embryos with azide-conjugated fluorophores via biocompatible Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), and 3) imaging by confocal microscopy3. The method described here can be readily extended to visualize other classes of glycans, e.g. glycans containing sialic acid4 and N-acetylgalactosamine5, 6, in developing zebrafish and in other living organisms.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Imaging Glycans in Zebrafish Embryos by Metabolic Labeling and Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry at JoVE.com

Imaging Glycans in Zebrafish Embryos by Metabolic Labeling and Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry

A click-chemistry based method that allows for the rapid, noninvasive, and robust labeling of alkyne-tagged glycans in zebrafish embryos is described. Fucosylated glycans in the enveloping layer of zebrafish embryos in the late gastrulation stage were imaged in this study.

Imaging glycans in vivo has recently been enabled using a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy by treating cells or organisms with azide- or ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Microinjection of mRNA and Morpholino Antisense Oligonucleotides in Zebrafish Embryos.

An essential tool for investigating the role of a gene during development is the ability to perform gene knockdown, overexpression, and misexpression ...

Two-photon axotomy and time-lapse confocal imaging in live zebrafish embryos

Zebrafish have long been utilized to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of development by time-lapse imaging of the living transparent embryo.  ...

Generating Chimeric Zebrafish Embryos by Transplantation

One of the most powerful tools used to gain insight into complex developmental processes is the analysis of chimeric embryos. A chimera is defined as an ...

Transplantation of GFP-expressing Blastomeres for Live Imaging of Retinal and Brain Development in Chimeric Zebrafish Embryos

Cells change extensively in their locations and property during embryogenesis. These changes are regulated by the interactions between the cells and their ...

Measuring Cell Cycle Progression Kinetics with Metabolic Labeling and Flow Cytometry

Precise control of the initiation and subsequent progression through the various phases of the cell cycle are of paramount importance in proliferating ...

Metabolic Profile Analysis of Zebrafish Embryos

A growing goal in the field of metabolism is to determine the impact of genetics on different aspects of mitochondrial function. Understanding these ...

Analysis of Apoptosis in Zebrafish Embryos by Whole-mount Immunofluorescence to Detect Activated Caspase 3

Whole-mount immunofluorescence to detect activated Caspase 3 (Casp3 assay) is useful to identify cells undergoing either intrinsic or extrinsic apoptosis ...

Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish Embryos

High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may cause a change of cellular redox state towards oxidative stress condition. This situation causes ...

Semi-automated Imaging of Tissue-specific Fluorescence in Zebrafish Embryos

Zebrafish embryos are a powerful tool for large-scale screening of small molecules. Transgenic zebrafish that express fluorescent reporter proteins are ...

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

Through a delicate balance between quiescence and proliferation, self renewal and production of differentiated progeny, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ...