Fixation <ol><li> Transfert des embryons entiers ou disséqués en explants MEMFA ou 3,7% FA + PBS dans un flacon à scintillation en verre de petite taille (chat Fisher # 03-339-25B). Incuber sur le flacon nutator à TA, seulement pour 2 heures, et pas plus que cela. Ne laissez pas l&#39;embryon dans la FA pendant plus de 2 heures. D&#39;incubation plus longue dans FA rendra plus difficile le tissu embryonnaire et entraîner une mauvaise pénétration des anticorps dans le processus de détection. </li><li> Aspirer la plupart des FA et ajouter fixateur de Dent au sommet du flacon (4,5 ml ~). Retourner doucement le flacon pour quelques temps à se laver les embryons dans Dent, échange avec un autre 4,5 ml de produits frais de Dent, et il incuber en -20 º C pendant au moins 48 heures. Nuit n&#39;est PAS suffisant. Cette étape permet les embryons plus perméable à l&#39;anticorps. Les embryons peuvent être conservés dans cet état pendant plusieurs semaines. </li></ol> Immunofluorescence <ol><li> Réhydrater le spécimen. Il Incuber dans une série graduée de méthanol, comme suit: <table style="width: 171px; height: 119px;" border="0" cellpadding="3"><tbody><tr><td> 75% de MeOH / H 2 O </td><td> 10min </td></tr><tr><td> 50% de MeOH / PBS </td><td> 10min </td></tr><tr><td> 25% de MeOH / PBS </td><td> 10min </td></tr><tr><td> PBS </td><td> 10min </td></tr><tr><td> PBS </td><td> 10min </td></tr></tbody></table> </li><li> Faire agarose à 1,5% / PBS plaques avec 60mm plats en plastique. Verser PBS sur le dessus de l&#39;agarose après qu&#39;il est devenu solide. </li><li> Hemi-sectionnement de l&#39;embryon: Mettez les embryons dans un agarose à 1,5% / PBS assiette. Prenez un embryon avec une paire de pinces et le couper en deux par le centre de l&#39;embryon à l&#39;aide d&#39;une lame de rasoir mince. Choisissez celles que vous avez réussi à réduire de moitié avec un plan de coupe droite. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/old/188_2008_7_10_3/188_figure-01.jpg" alt="Figure 1" width="591" height="193" /> </li><li> Transfert des embryons traversée dans un flacon à scintillation en verre avec PBT. Echange avec 4,5 ml de lait de chèvre 20% de sérum + PBT. Incuber à température ambiante pendant 2 heures sur un nutator (blocage). </li><li> Préparer une dilution appropriée de l&#39;anticorps primaire dans le PBT. 0.5ml de cette échantillons par est nécessaire. Par exemple, j&#39;ai utilisé une dilution 1 / 200 de lapin anti-C-cadhérine pAb pour étudier la localisation subcellulaire de C-cadhérine dans 5mm sections en plastique. </li><li> Aspirer la solution de blocage et ajouter 0,5 ml de l&#39;anticorps dilué primaire. Mettre les flacons en stand-up position sur un porte-tube en polystyrène. Incuber une nuit à 4 ° C sur une nutator. </li><li> Retirez les anticorps dilué primaire (cet anticorps primaires dilués peuvent être sauvegardés et réutilisés dans les 1-2 prochaines semaines). Laver avec 4,5 ml de PBT pour 4 fois (40-60 minutes chacun) à température ambiante. </li><li> Echange avec 0,5 ml de dilution de 1 / 100 de biotine-anticorps secondaire conjugué au PBT. Incuber une nuit à 4 ° C sur une nutator. Couvrir les flacons avec du papier aluminium pour protéger la biotine de la lumière. </li><li> De ce point, des précautions doivent être prises pour protéger l&#39;échantillon de la lumière, c&#39;est à dire, garder les flacons dans une certaine couverture ou du papier aluminium. </li><li> Retirez l&#39;anticorps biotine-secondaire (ce peut être également réutilisés dans les 1-2 prochaines semaines). Laver avec ou 4,5 ml de PBT pour 4 fois (40-60 minutes chacun) à température ambiante. </li><li> Echange avec 0.5ml de 1 / 200 de dilution du marqués à la fluorescence (FITC, au Texas, rouge, etc) streptavidine en PBT. Incuber une nuit à 4 ° C sur une nutator. </li><li> Retirez la streptavidine (ce qui peut être réutilisé, aussi). Laver avec 4,5 ml de PBT pour 3 fois (15 - 30 minutes chacun) à température ambiante. </li><li> Fixer les embryons dans 4,5 ml de 3,7% FA + PBS pendant 30 minutes à température ambiante. </li><li> Laver avec 4,5 ml de PBS à deux reprises. </li><li> Déshydrater l&#39;échantillon. Il Incuber dans une série graduée d&#39;éthanol, comme suit: <table style="width: 172px; height: 80px;" border="0"><tbody><tr><td> 30% EtOH / H 2 O </td><td> 10 min </td></tr><tr><td> 50% EtOH / H 2 O </td><td> 10 min </td></tr><tr><td> 75% EtOH / H 2 O </td><td> 10 min </td></tr><tr><td> 100% EtOH </td><td> 10 min </td></tr></tbody></table> </li><li> Le spécimen peut être stockée dans EtOH 100% à 4 º C avec une housse pour le protéger de la lumière. </li></ol> L&#39;infiltration <ol><li> Faire mélangez Technovit infiltrations 7100. J&#39;ai l&#39;habitude de prendre 15ml de liquide de base dans un tube 50ml conique, ajouter 150 mg de durcisseur I et le mélanger en basculant sur un nutator pendant 15 minutes. Ce mélange infiltration peut être conservé à 4 ° C pendant jusqu&#39;à un mois. </li><li> Infiltrez le spécimen avec le mélange de l&#39;infiltration en échangeant avec une série graduée de l&#39;infiltration Technovit mix / EtOH combo, comme suit: <ol><li> 50% Technovit / EtOH - 1 heure </li><li> 100 Technovit% - 1 heure </li><li> 100% Technovit - nuit </li></ol></li><li> Le specimen peut être stocké dans le mélange infiltration de 100% jusqu&#39;à un mois à 4 º C. Mettez un couvercle sur les échantillons afin de les protéger de la lumière. </li></ol> Embedding <ol><li> Faire mélangez Technovit intégration 7100: Prendre 0,75 ml du mélange d&#39;infiltration dans un tube de 1,5 ml et ajouter 50 ml de durcisseur II. Mélangez-le par les temps le tube retournant plusieurs. </li><li> Avec une pipette de transfert en plastique, prenez un échantillon infiltré durant la nuit dans le tube mince mur de 0.5ml PCR. Retirez la plupart du surnageant. </li><li> Ajouter 0,25 ml du mélange intégration faite à l&#39;étape n ° 1 du présent article, «Intégration», pour l&#39;échantillon. Orienter l&#39;embryon traversée de faire le plan de dissection face vers le bas du tube, en poussant délicatement avec une aiguille à pointe de dissection ternes (bois poignée d&#39;aiguilles de dissection). </li><li> Fermer le capuchon et incuber le tube dans un endroit sombre pendant environ quatre heures pour permettre le plastique polymériser. </li><li> Faire Technovit 3040 mix. Prendre 1 gramme de la poudre dans un plat de pesage, et ajouter 0,5 ml de liquide. Immédiatement, mélanger la poudre et liquide en utilisant un bluetip. Verser sur le dessus du spacimen durci. Ce jaune Technovit 3040 permettra d&#39;éviter l&#39;ensemble du bloc en plastique de sortir du tube. </li></ol> Sectionnement <ol><li> Essuyez Histoknife H avec du xylène (EtOH n&#39;est souvent pas assez bon) et le mettre sur votre microtome. Angle de la lame à 45 ° environ. Essuyez la zone de scène en face de la lame avec le xylène, aussi, parce que la pureté de cette région est essentielle à la qualité des tranches sectionné. </li><li> Couper le côté du tube et le zeste de l&#39;extrémité hors aide d&#39;un couteau en carton. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/old/188_2008_7_10_5/188_figure-02.jpg" alt="Figure 2" width="818" height="243" /> </li><li> Réglez le spécimen dans le porte-mandrin du microtome. </li><li> Joindre un &quot;press-to-joint&quot; isolant de silicium sur une lame de verre pour faire une chambre de montage pour les tranches de section. Pressez fermement l&#39;isolant à la diapositive sur paillasse propre et regarder de l&#39;autre côté pour s&#39;assurer que l&#39;isolant est totalement attachée sans bulles d&#39;air. Verser propre et chaleureux dH 2 O (~ 40 ° C) à la piscine sur la diapositive à l&#39;aide d&#39;une pipette Pasteur, jusqu&#39;au niveau où il peut être vu que la surface de l&#39;eau devient plat, et non pas concave ou convexe en forme. </li><li> Commencez à faire des tranches article. Pour les études d&#39;immunofluorescence, je fais 5 tranches mm de section. Pour des échantillons de l&#39;hybridation in situ, l&#39;épaisseur des tranches peut être ajusté dans la gamme de ~ 3 - 8 mm, selon le but et les intensités des signaux. </li><li> Effectuer les tranches de section de la scène en face de la lame à la chambre de montage avec de l&#39;eau, en utilisant un petit pinceau. Tenir le pinceau avec une tranche sur le dessus de la piscine d&#39;eau et déposez les tranches vers l&#39;eau en le frappant avec une aiguille à pointe ternes dissection. La tranche se lancera dans une forme circulaire dès qu&#39;il frappe la surface de l&#39;eau. </li><li> Quand la plupart de la surface de l&#39;eau de la chambre de montage est rempli avec des tranches de section, sucer presque la moitié de l&#39;eau à l&#39;aide d&#39;une pipette Pasteur. Incuber la lame sur une nuit chaude diapositive à rendre l&#39;échantillon complètement sec. </li><li> Contre-tache avec 1ml de DAPI (0.1mg/ml dans TE) pour cinq minutes. Aspirer DAPI et sec de l&#39;échantillon. </li><li> Retirez l&#39;isolation en caoutchouc de silicone de la diapositive. Maintenant les photos peuvent être prises de l&#39;échantillon. Conserver l&#39;échantillon à 4 ° C, protégé de la lumière. </li></ol>

L&#39;anticorps primaire contre votre antigène ou épitope balises: Faire une dilution appropriée de PBT. La biotine conjugué anticorps secondaire: différents fournisseurs vendent biotine-anticorps conjugués.

plastic embedding and sectioning of xenopus laevis embryos

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Plastic Embedding and Sectioning of Xenopus laevis Embryos at JoVE.com

Plastic Embedding and Sectioning of Xenopus laevis Embryos

Sections en plastique de maintenir la morphologie des tissus vrai dans des coupes minces de tissus qui peuvent être immunocolorées avec des anticorps secondaires fluorescents, rendant cette méthode plus utile que des sections de paraffine ou congelés pour de nombreux types de tissus. La méthode de coloration, d&#39;inclusion plastique, et le sectionnement est démontré dans cette vidéo.

Plastique Embedding et le sectionnement des embryons de Xenopus laevis

plastic-embedding-and-sectioning-of-xenopus-laevis-embryos

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

13.5K vues.  University of California, Irvine (UCI). Sections en plastique de maintenir la morphologie des tissus vrai dans des coupes minces de tissus qui peuvent être immunocolorées avec des anticorps secondaires fluorescents, rendant cette méthode plus utile que des sections de paraffine ou congelés pour de nombreux types de tissus. La méthode de coloration, d'inclusion plastique, et le sectionnement est démontré dans cette vidéo.

Vidéo: Plastic Embedding and Sectioning of Xenopus laevis Embryos

Dissection of Organizer and Animal Pole Explants from Xenopus laevis Embryos and Assembly of a Cell Adhesion Assay

This video demonstrates the technique used for preparation of organizer and animal pole explants from Xenopus laevis embryos, including the use of the eyebrow knife - a specialized dissection tool made of one's eyebrow. The protocol for assembling an adhesion assay is also given, which probes for the presence of key adhesion molecules present on the surface organizer or animal pole cells that are critical for proper development.

Dissection de l&#39;organisateur et explants pôle animal à partir d&#39;embryons de Xenopus laevis et de l&#39;Assemblée d&#39;un test d&#39;adhésion cellulaire

Recherche

Biologie

Obtaining Eggs from Xenopus laevis Females

The eggs of Xenopus laevis intact, lysed, and/or fractionated are useful for a wide variety of experiments. This protocol shows how to induce egg laying, collect and dejelly the eggs, and sort the eggs to remove any damaged eggs.

The eggs of Xenopus laevis intact, lysed, and/or fractionated are useful for a wide variety of experiments. This protocol shows how to induce egg laying, collect and dejelly the eggs, and sort the eggs to remove any damaged eggs.

Obtention des oeufs de Xenopus laevis femelles

The eggs of Xenopus laevis intact, lysed, and/or fractionated are useful for a wide variety of experiments. This protocol shows how to induce egg laying, ...

Preparation and Fractionation of Xenopus laevis Egg Extracts

Crude and fractionated Xenopus egg extracts can be used to provide ingredients for reconstituting cellular processes for morphological and biochemical analysis. Egg lysis and differential centrifugation are used to prepare the crude extract which in turn in used to prepare fractionated extracts and light membrane preparations.

Crude and fractionated Xenopus egg extracts can be used to provide ingredients for reconstituting cellular processes for morphological and biochemical analysis. Egg lysis and differential centrifugation are used to prepare the crude extract which in turn in used to prepare fractionated extracts and light membrane preparations.

Préparation et fractionnement de Xenopus laevis oeufs Extraits

Crude and fractionated Xenopus egg extracts can be used to provide ingredients for reconstituting cellular processes for morphological and biochemical ...

Microinjection of Xenopus Laevis Oocytes

Microinjection of Xenopus laevis oocytes followed by thin-sectioning electron microscopy (EM) is an excellent system for studying nucleocytoplasmic transport. Because of its large nucleus and high density of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), nuclear transport can be easily visualized in the Xenopus oocyte. Much insight into the mechanisms of nuclear import and export has been gained through use of this system (reviewed by Pant&eacute;, 2006). In addition, we have used microinjection of Xenopus oocytes to dissect the nuclear import pathways of several viruses that replicate in the host nucleus. 
Here we demonstrate the cytoplasmic microinjection of Xenopus oocytes with a nuclear import substrate. We also show preparation of the injected oocytes for visualization by thin-sectioning EM, including dissection, dehydration, and embedding of the oocytes into an epoxy embedding resin. Finally, we provide representative results for oocytes that have been microinjected with the capsid of the baculovirus Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) or the parvovirus Minute Virus of Mice (MVM), and discuss potential applications of the technique.

Here we demonstrate cytoplasmic microinjection of Xenopus laevis oocytes with a nuclear import substrate, as well as preparation of the injected oocytes for visualization by thin-sectioning electron microscopy.

Microinjection d&#39;ovocytes de Xenopus laevis

Microinjection of Xenopus laevis oocytes followed by thin-sectioning electron microscopy (EM) is an excellent system for studying nucleocytoplasmic ...

Tissue Determination Using the Animal Cap Transplant (ACT) Assay in Xenopus laevis

Many proteins play a dual role in embryonic development. Those that regulate cell fate determination in a specific tissue can also affect the development of a larger region of the embryo. This makes defining its role in a particular tissue difficult to analyze. For example, noggin overexpression in Xenopus laevis embryos causes the expansion of the entire anterior region, including the eye1,2. From this result, it is not known if Noggin plays a direct role in eye determination or that by causing an expansion of neural tissue, Noggin indirectly affects eye formation. Having this complex phenotype makes studying its eye-specific role in cell fate determination difficult to analyze. We have developed an assay that overcomes this problem. Taking advantage of the pluripotent nature of the Xenopus laevis animal cap 3, we have developed an assay to test the ability of gene product(s), like noggin or the eye field transcription factors (EFTFs), to transform caps into particular tissue or cell types by transplanting this tissue onto the side of the embryo 4. While we have found either Noggin protein treatment or a collection of transcription factors can determine retinal cell fate in animal caps, this procedure could be used to identify gene product(s) involved in specifying other tissues as well.

Tissue Determination Using the Animal Cap Transplant ACT Assay in Xenopus laevis

Animal caps overexpressing gene product(s) are transplanted to the flank of developing Xenopus laevis embryos in order to establish whether tissue is determined.

Détermination des tissus Utilisation de la transplantation Cap animale (ACT) Dosage dans<em&gt; Xenopus laevis</em

Many proteins play a dual role in embryonic development. Those that regulate cell fate determination in a specific tissue can also affect the development ...

Live-cell Imaging and Quantitative Analysis of Embryonic Epithelial Cells in Xenopus laevis

Embryonic epithelial cells serve as an ideal model to study morphogenesis where multi-cellular tissues undergo changes in their geometry, such as changes in cell surface area and cell height, and where cells undergo mitosis and migrate. Furthermore, epithelial cells can also regulate morphogenetic movements in adjacent tissues1. A traditional method to study epithelial cells and tissues involve chemical fixation and histological methods to determine cell morphology or localization of particular proteins of interest. These approaches continue to be useful and provide "snapshots" of cell shapes and tissue architecture, however, much remains to be understood about how cells acquire specific shapes, how various proteins move or localize to specific positions, and what paths cells follow toward their final differentiated fate. High resolution live imaging complements traditional methods and also allows more direct investigation into the dynamic cellular processes involved in the formation, maintenance, and morphogenesis of multicellular epithelial sheets. Here we demonstrate experimental methods from the isolation of animal cap tissues from Xenopus laevis embryos to confocal imaging of epithelial cells and simple measurement approaches that together can augment molecular and cellular studies of epithelial morphogenesis.

Live-cell Imaging and Quantitative Analysis of Embryonic Epithelial Cells in Xenopus laevis

Xenopus embryonic epithelia are an ideal model system to study cell behaviors such as polarity development and shape change during epithelial morphogenesis. Traditional histology of fixed samples is increasingly being complemented by live-cell confocal imaging. Here we demonstrate methods to isolate frog tissues and visualize live epithelial cells and their cytoskeleton using live-cell confocal microscopy.

Imagerie des cellules vivantes et de l&#39;analyse quantitative des cellules embryonnaires épithéliales Xenopus laevis</em

Embryonic epithelial cells serve as an ideal model to study morphogenesis where multi-cellular tissues undergo changes in their geometry, such as changes ...

Production of Transgenic Xenopus laevis by Restriction Enzyme Mediated Integration and Nuclear Transplantation

Stable integration of cloned gene products into the Xenopus genome is necessary to control the time and place of expression, to express genes at later stages of embryonic development, and to define how enhancers and promoters regulate gene expression within the embryo. The protocol demonstrated here can be used to efficiently produce transgenic Xenopus laevis embryos. This transgenesis approach involves three parts: 1. Sperm nuclei are isolated from adult X. laevis testis by treatment with lysolecithin, which permeabilizes the sperm plasma membrane. 2. Egg extract is prepared by low speed centrifugation, addition of calcium to cause the extract to progress to interphase of the cell cycle, and a high-speed centrifugation to isolate interphase cytosol. 3. Nuclear transplantation: the nuclei and extract are combined with the linearized plasmid DNA to be introduced as the transgene and a small amount of restriction enzyme. During a short reaction, egg extract partially decondenses the sperm chromatin and the restriction enzyme generates chromosomal breaks that promote recombination of the transgene into the genome. The treated sperm nuclei are then transplanted into unfertilized eggs. Integration of the transgene usually occurs prior to the first embryonic cleavage such that the resulting embryos are not chimeric. These embryos can be analyzed without any need to breed to the next generation, allowing for efficient and rapid generation of transgenic embryos for analyses of promoter and gene function. Adult X. laevis resulting from this procedure also propagate the transgene through the germline and can be used to generate lines of transgenic animals for multiple purposes.

Production of Transgenic Xenopus laevis by Restriction Enzyme Mediated Integration and Nuclear Transplantation

This video protocol demonstrates a method for generating transgenic Xenopus laevis by introduction of transgenes into sperm nuclei followed by nuclear transplantation into unfertilized eggs.

La production de transgéniques Xenopus laevis Intégration par médiation des enzymes de restriction et de la transplantation nucléaire

Stable integration of cloned gene products into the Xenopus genome is necessary to control the time and place of expression, to express genes at later ...

Facial Transplants in Xenopus laevis Embryos

Craniofacial birth defects occur in 1 out of every 700 live births, but etiology is rarely known due to limited understanding of craniofacial development. To identify where signaling pathways and tissues act during patterning of the developing face, a 'face transplant' technique has been developed in embryos of the frog Xenopus laevis. A region of presumptive facial tissue (the "Extreme Anterior Domain" (EAD)) is removed from a donor embryo at tailbud stage, and transplanted to a host embryo of the same stage, from which the equivalent region has been removed. This can be used to generate a chimeric face where the host or donor tissue has a loss or gain of function in a gene, and/or includes a lineage label. After healing, the outcome of development is monitored, and indicates roles of the signaling pathway within the donor or surrounding host tissues. Xenopus is a valuable model for face development, as the facial region is large and readily accessible for micromanipulation. Many embryos can be assayed, over a short time period since development occurs rapidly. Findings in the frog are relevant to human development, since craniofacial processes appear conserved between Xenopus and mammals.

Facial Transplants in Xenopus laevis Embryos

A technique for transplanting "Extreme Anterior Domain" facial tissue between Xenopus laevis embryos has been developed. Tissue can be moved from one gene expression background into another, allowing the study of local requirements for craniofacial development and for signaling interactions between facial regions.

Transplantations faciales<em&gt; Xenopus laevis</em&gt; Embryons

Craniofacial birth defects occur in 1 out of every 700 live births, but etiology is rarely known due to limited understanding of craniofacial development. ...

Using plusTipTracker Software to Measure Microtubule Dynamics in Xenopus laevis Growth Cones

Microtubule (MT) plus-end-tracking proteins (+TIPs) localize to the growing plus-ends of MTs and regulate MT dynamics1,2. One of the most well-known and widely-utilized +TIPs for analyzing MT dynamics is the End-Binding protein, EB1, which binds all growing MT plus-ends, and thus, is a marker for MT polymerization1. Many studies of EB1 behavior within growth cones have used time-consuming and biased computer-assisted, hand-tracking methods to analyze individual MTs1-3. Our approach is to quantify global parameters of MT dynamics using the software package, plusTipTracker4, following the acquisition of high-resolution, live images of tagged EB1 in cultured embryonic growth cones5. This software is a MATLAB-based, open-source, user-friendly package that combines automated detection, tracking, visualization, and analysis for movies of fluorescently-labeled +TIPs. Here, we present the protocol for using plusTipTracker for the analysis of fluorescently-labeled +TIP comets in cultured Xenopus laevis growth cones. However, this software can also be used to characterize MT dynamics in various cell types6-8.

Using plusTipTracker Software to Measure Microtubule Dynamics in Xenopus laevis Growth Cones

The MATLAB-based, open source software package, plusTipTracker, can be used to analyze image series of fluorescently-labeled +TIPs to quantify microtubule dynamics.

Utilisation plusTipTracker Software mesurer microtubules Dynamics<em&gt; Xenopus laevis</em&gt; Cônes de croissance

Microtubule (MT) plus-end-tracking proteins (+TIPs) localize to the growing plus-ends of MTs and regulate MT dynamics1,2. One of the most well-known and ...

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment

Protein synthesis is a fundamental process to gene expression impacting diverse biological processes notably adaptation to environmental conditions. The initiation step, which involves the assembly of the ribosomal subunits at the mRNA initiation codon, involved initiation factor including eIF4G1. Defects in this rate limiting step of translation are linked to diverse disorders. To study the potential consequences of such deregulations, Xenopus laevis oocytes constitute an attractive model with high degrees of conservation of essential cellular and molecular mechanisms with human. In addition, during meiotic maturation, oocytes are transcriptionally repressed and all necessary proteins are translated from preexisting, maternally derived mRNAs. This inexpensive model enables exogenous mRNA to become perfectly integrated with an effective translation. Here is described a protocol for assessing translation with a factor of interest (here eIF4G1) using stored maternal mRNA that are the first to be polyadenylated and translated during oocyte maturation as a physiological readout. At first, mRNA synthetized by in vitro transcription of plasmids of interest (here eIF4G1) are injected in oocytes and kinetics of oocyte maturation by Germinal Vesicle Breakdown detection is determined. The studied maternal mRNA target is the serine/threonine-protein-kinase mos. Its polyadenylation and its subsequent translation are investigated together with the expression and phosphorylation of proteins of the mos signaling cascade involved in oocyte maturation. Variations of the current protocol to put forward translational defects are also proposed to emphasize its general applicability. In light of emerging evidence that aberrant protein synthesis may be involved in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, such a model provides the opportunity to easily assess this impairment and identify new targets.

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment

Protein synthesis control occurs mainly at the translation initiation step, deficiencies in which are linked to diverse disorders. To better understand their etiology, we described here a protocol using Xenopus laevis oocytes assessing the translation of mos transcript in the presence of a mutant of translation initiation factor eIF4G1.

Xenopus laevis comme un modèle pour identifier traduction Dépréciation

Protein synthesis is a fundamental process to gene expression impacting diverse biological processes notably adaptation to environmental conditions. The ...