Breanne Cuddington holds a fellowship from the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation. This work was sponsored by operating grants from the Cancer Research Society and the Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute (formerly the Canadian Breast Cancer Research Alliance). We thank Ann Tollefson (Saint Louis University School of Medicine) for LCRT cells and Dr. Kathleen Delaney and Marion Corrick for technical assistance with cotton rat housing and sedation.

<ol>
	<li>Cervantes-Garcia, D., Ortiz-Lopez, R., Mayek-Perez, N., Rojas-Martinez, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oncolytic+virotherapy.">Oncolytic virotherapy.</a> Ann Hepatol. 7 (1), 34-45 (2008).</li><li>Vaha-Koskela, M. J., Heikkila, J. E., Hinkkanen, A. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oncolytic+viruses+in+cancer+therapy.">Oncolytic viruses in cancer therapy.</a> Cancer Lett. 254 (2), 178-216 (2007).</li><li>Abril, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Both+viral+and+host+factors+contribute+to+neurovirulence+of+bovine+herpesviruses+1+and+5+in+interferon+receptor-deficient+mice.">Both viral and host factors contribute to neurovirulence of bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5 in interferon receptor-deficient mice.</a> J Virol. 78 (7), 3644-3653 (2004).</li><li>Nakamichi, K., Matsumoto, Y., Otsuka, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Defective+infection+of+bovine+herpesvirus+1+in+non-permissive+murine+cells.">Defective infection of bovine herpesvirus 1 in non-permissive murine cells.</a> J Vet Med Sci. 63 (10), 1139-1142 (2001).</li><li>Boukhvalova, M. S., Blanco, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+cotton+rat+sigmodon+hispidus+model+of+respiratory+syncytial+virus+infection.">The cotton rat sigmodon hispidus model of respiratory syncytial virus infection.</a> Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 372, 347-358 (2013).</li><li>Papp, Z., Babiuk, L. A., Baca-Estrada, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+immunity+in+the+respiratory+tract+and+protection+from+bovine+herpesvirus+type+1+infection+by+different+routes+of+immunization+with+recombinant+adenovirus.">Induction of immunity in the respiratory tract and protection from bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection by different routes of immunization with recombinant adenovirus.</a> Viral Immunol. 11 (2), 79-91 (1998).</li><li>Hughes, T. C. R., Lilley, C. E., Ponce, R., Kaufman, H. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Critical+analysis+of+an+oncolytic+herpesvirus+encoding+granulocyte-macrophage+colony+stimulating+factor+for+the+treatment+of+malignant+melanoma.">Critical analysis of an oncolytic herpesvirus encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor for the treatment of malignant melanoma.</a> Journal of Oncolytic Virotherapy. 3, 11-20 (2014).</li><li>Jones, C., Chowdhury, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+of+the+biology+of+bovine+herpesvirus+type+1+(BHV-1),+its+role+as+a+cofactor+in+the+bovine+respiratory+disease+complex+and+development+of+improved+vaccines.">A review of the biology of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), its role as a cofactor in the bovine respiratory disease complex and development of improved vaccines.</a> Anim Health Res Rev. 8 (2), 187-205 (2007).</li><li>Jones, C., Chowdhury, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bovine+herpesvirus+type+1+(BHV-1)+is+an+important+cofactor+in+the+bovine+respiratory+disease+complex.">Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) is an important cofactor in the bovine respiratory disease complex.</a> Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 26 (2), 303-321 (2010).</li><li>Hushur, O., Takashima, Y., Matsumoto, Y., Otsuka, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Restriction+of+bovine+herpesvirus+1+(BHV-1)+growth+in+non-permissive+cells+beyond+the+expression+of+immediate+early+genes.">Restriction of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) growth in non-permissive cells beyond the expression of immediate early genes.</a> J Vet Med Sci. 66 (4), 453-455 (2004).</li><li>Cuddington, B. P., Dyer, A. L., Workenhe, S. T., Mossman, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oncolytic+bovine+herpesvirus+type+1+infects+and+kills+breast+tumor+cells+and+breast+cancer-initiating+cells+irrespective+of+tumor+subtype.">Oncolytic bovine herpesvirus type 1 infects and kills breast tumor cells and breast cancer-initiating cells irrespective of tumor subtype.</a> Cancer Gene Ther. 20 (5), 282-289 (2013).</li><li>Cuddington, B. P., Mossman, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Permissiveness+of+Human+Cancer+Cells+to+Oncolytic+Bovine+Herpesvirus+1+Is+Mediated+in+Part+by+KRAS+Activity.">Permissiveness of Human Cancer Cells to Oncolytic Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Is Mediated in Part by KRAS Activity.</a> J Virol. 88 (12), 6885-6895 (2014).</li><li>Small, E. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+phase+I+trial+of+intravenous+CG7870,+a+replication-selective,+prostate-specific+antigen-targeted+oncolytic+adenovirus,+for+the+treatment+of+hormone-refractory,+metastatic+prostate+cancer.">A phase I trial of intravenous CG7870, a replication-selective, prostate-specific antigen-targeted oncolytic adenovirus, for the treatment of hormone-refractory, metastatic prostate cancer.</a> Mol Ther. 14 (1), 107-117 (2006).</li><li>Freytag, S. O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phase+I+study+of+replication-competent+adenovirus-mediated+double+suicide+gene+therapy+for+the+treatment+of+locally+recurrent+prostate+cancer.">Phase I study of replication-competent adenovirus-mediated double suicide gene therapy for the treatment of locally recurrent prostate cancer.</a> Cancer Res. 62 (17), 4968-4976 (2002).</li><li>Benjamin, R., Helman, L., Meyers, P., Reaman, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+phase+I/II+dose+escalation+and+activity+study+of+intravenous+injections+of+OCaP1+for+subjects+with+refractory+osteosarcoma+metastatic+to+lung.">A phase I/II dose escalation and activity study of intravenous injections of OCaP1 for subjects with refractory osteosarcoma metastatic to lung.</a> Hum Gene Ther. 12 (12), 1591-1593 (2001).</li><li>Prince, G. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Cotton+Rat+in+Biomedical+Research.">The Cotton Rat in Biomedical Research.</a> Animal Welfare Information Center Newsletter. 5 (2), 3-5 (1994).</li><li>Tsai, J. C., Garlinghouse, G., McDonnell, P. J., Trousdale, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+experimental+animal+model+of+adenovirus-induced+ocular+disease.+The+cotton+rat.">An experimental animal model of adenovirus-induced ocular disease. The cotton rat.</a> Arch Ophthalmol. 110 (8), 1167-1170 (1992).</li><li>Ginsberg, H. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+mouse+model+for+investigating+the+molecular+pathogenesis+of+adenovirus+pneumonia.">A mouse model for investigating the molecular pathogenesis of adenovirus pneumonia.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 88 (5), 1651-1655 (1991).</li><li>Russell, S. J., Peng, K. W., Bell, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oncolytic+virotherapy.">Oncolytic virotherapy.</a> Nat Biotechnol. 30 (7), 658-670 (2012).</li><li>Mossman, K. L., Saffran, H. A., Smiley, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Herpes+simplex+virus+ICP0+mutants+are+hypersensitive+to+interferon.">Herpes simplex virus ICP0 mutants are hypersensitive to interferon.</a> J Virol. 74 (4), 2052-2056 (2000).</li><li>Mossman, K. L., Smiley, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Herpes+simplex+virus+ICP0+and+ICP34.5+counteract+distinct+interferon-induced+barriers+to+virus+replication.">Herpes simplex virus ICP0 and ICP34.5 counteract distinct interferon-induced barriers to virus replication.</a> J Virol. 76 (4), 1995-1998 (2002).</li><li>Hummel, J. L., Safroneeva, E., Mossman, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+ICP0-Null+HSV-1+and+interferon+signaling+defects+in+the+effective+treatment+of+breast+adenocarcinoma.">The role of ICP0-Null HSV-1 and interferon signaling defects in the effective treatment of breast adenocarcinoma.</a> Mol Ther. 12 (6), 1101-1110 (2005).</li><li>Papp, Z., Middleton, D. M., Mittal, S. K., Babiuk, L. A., Baca-Estrada, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mucosal+immunization+with+recombinant+adenoviruses:+induction+of+immunity+and+protection+of+cotton+rats+against+respiratory+bovine+herpesvirus+type+1+infection.">Mucosal immunization with recombinant adenoviruses: induction of immunity and protection of cotton rats against respiratory bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection.</a> J Gen Virol. 78 (11), 2933-2943 (1997).</li><li>Papp, Z., Babiuk, L. A., Baca-Estrada, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+pre-existing+adenovirus-specific+immunity+on+immune+responses+induced+by+recombinant+adenovirus+expressing+glycoprotein+D+of+bovine+herpesvirus+type+1.">The effect of pre-existing adenovirus-specific immunity on immune responses induced by recombinant adenovirus expressing glycoprotein D of bovine herpesvirus type 1.</a> Vaccine. 17 (7-8), 933-943 (1999).</li><li>Mittal, S. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+systemic+and+mucosal+immune+responses+in+cotton+rats+immunized+with+human+adenovirus+type+5+recombinants+expressing+the+full+and+truncated+forms+of+bovine+herpesvirus+type+1+glycoprotein+gD.">Induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses in cotton rats immunized with human adenovirus type 5 recombinants expressing the full and truncated forms of bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein gD.</a> Virology. 222 (2), 299-309 (1996).</li><li>Steel, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Syngeneic+Cotton+Rat+Cancer+Model+for+Replicating+Adenoviral+Vectors.">Syngeneic Cotton Rat Cancer Model for Replicating Adenoviral Vectors.</a> Molecular Therapy. 13 (1), 123 (2006).</li><li>Toth, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cotton+rat+tumor+model+for+the+evaluation+of+oncolytic+adenoviruses.">Cotton rat tumor model for the evaluation of oncolytic adenoviruses.</a> Hum Gene Ther. 16 (1), 139-146 (2005).</li><li>Toth, K., Spencer, J. F., Wold, W. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunocompetent,+semi-permissive+cotton+rat+tumor+model+for+the+evaluation+of+oncolytic+adenoviruses.">Immunocompetent, semi-permissive cotton rat tumor model for the evaluation of oncolytic adenoviruses.</a> Methods Mol Med. 130, 157-168 (2007).</li><li>Steel, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunocompetent+syngeneic+cotton+rat+tumor+models+for+the+assessment+of+replication-competent+oncolytic+adenovirus.">Immunocompetent syngeneic cotton rat tumor models for the assessment of replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus.</a> Virology. 369 (1), 131-142 (2007).</li><li>Workenhe, S. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunogenic+HSV-mediated+oncolysis+shapes+the+antitumor+immune+response+and+contributes+to+therapeutic+efficacy.">Immunogenic HSV-mediated oncolysis shapes the antitumor immune response and contributes to therapeutic efficacy.</a> Mol Ther. 22 (1), 123-131 (2014).</li><li>Sobol, P. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adaptive+antiviral+immunity+is+a+determinant+of+the+therapeutic+success+of+oncolytic+virotherapy.">Adaptive antiviral immunity is a determinant of the therapeutic success of oncolytic virotherapy.</a> Mol Ther. 19 (2), 335-344 (2011).</li><li>Prince, G. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Cotton+Rat+in+Biomedical+Research.">The Cotton Rat in Biomedical Research.</a> Animal Welfare Information Center Newsletter. 5 (2), (1994).</li></ol>

The authors acknowledge there are no financial conflicts of interest related to this research.

Cotton rats are highly excitable and have a strong flight response. Therefore, special care should be taken to minimize any undue stress on the animal. The cage setup described will allow for safe and easy capture of the animals, with the placement of the enrichment tube being of the utmost importance. When setting up cages, ensure that the enrichment tubes meet the size and shape requirements, and are placed in proper orientation in the cage. It is also important to ensure that any technicians who might be aiding in ani...

Les virus oncolytiques (OV) se répliquent sélectivement dans des cellules tumorales en exploitant les différences biochimiques entre les cellules normales et tumorales 1,2. Il existe deux types de VO: ceux qui ne nécessitent pas une mutation pour atteindre oncolyse sélective, dénommé naturels des virus de type sauvage et celles qui doivent être conçus pour atteindre oncolyse sélective. La collection de mutations au sein d&#39;un type de tumeur donné détermine la nature de l&#39;avantage sélectif de croissance pour les cellules normales pour une VO 2. La sécurité et l&#39;avantage d&#39;utiliser VO a été démontrée dans des essais cliniques 3-7. Malgré les progrès dans le domaine de virothérapie oncolytique il existe des écarts entre les résultats pré-cliniques et cliniques, ce qui suggère que de meilleurs modèles sont nécessaires pour évaluer l&#39;efficacité antitumorale de VO. Herpèsvirus bovin de type 1 (BHV-1) est un membre de la famille des Herpesviridae, et Alphaherpesviridae sous-famille. BHV-1 initiAtes bovin de complexe des maladies respiratoires chez les bovins, se manifestant dans une grande variété de symptômes ressemblant à un mauvais rhume 8,9. BHV-1 se lie à des récepteurs fixation et d&#39;entrée utilisées par le HSV-1, comme le sulfate d&#39;héparane et nectin-1 10. Cependant, il se lie CD155 à la place de nectin-2 10. BHV-1 a une gamme d&#39;hôtes très étroit de telle sorte qu&#39;elle est incapable d&#39;entrer efficacement et initier la réplication dans les cellules murines normales et transformées 3,4,10. Cela rend l&#39;utilisation de modèles murins classiques problématique. La capacité oncolytique de BHV-1 a été démontrée in vitro 11,12. BHV-1 a été montré pour initier la réplication et à tuer des cellules tumorales humaines provenant de diverses origines histologiques, comprenant des cellules de cancer du sein et le cancer du sein cellules initiatrices 11,12. Cependant, la capacité anti-tumorale de BHV-1 doit être évaluée in vivo dans le cadre d&#39;un hôte immunocompétent. Adénovirus humain (Ad), pour lesquelsil ya 57 sérotypes identifiés, provoque le plus souvent une maladie respiratoire chez les humains. Vecteurs Ad oncolytiques ont été évalués pour leur efficacité antitumorale avec plusieurs avançant dans les essais cliniques de 13 à 15. Malgré des données pré-cliniques prometteurs, les résultats cliniques ont été à la hauteur des attentes. Des modèles de xénogreffes tumorales humaines sont généralement utilisés pour étudier l&#39;efficacité antitumorale de vecteurs Ad, bien qu&#39;ils présentent une atténués réponses immunitaires au virus 16,17. En outre, les modèles murins syngéniques sont non permissif à l&#39;infection de l&#39;annonce, ce qui rend l&#39;évaluation des réponses immunitaires de l&#39;hôte en utilisant ces modèles irréalisables 17,18. Le système immunitaire de l&#39;hôte a été identifié comme le mécanisme le plus influent par lequel VO provoquent la mort des cellules tumorales 19. les réponses antitumorales et entre rendues tolérantes antigène associé à une tumeur non rendues tolérantes (TAA) et modèles diffèrent peuvent influer grandement sur le succès de la thérapie OV. Le HSV-1 OV KM100 (ICP0 N212VP16 en 1814 20) 20,21 provoqué une régression des tumeurs chez 80% des souris porteuses de tumeurs dans un modèle de cancer mammaire 22 de l&#39;antigène T du polyome Moyen murin. Cependant, dans ses deux modèles-/ neu, l&#39;efficacité antitumorale de KM100 a varié entre 20% régression complète chez des souris syngéniques et la stase tumorale dans transgénique, souris HER2-rendues tolérantes. Ensemble, ces données soulignent l&#39;importance d&#39;évaluer pleinement VO utilisant des modèles animaux qui récapitulent mieux le paysage immunitaire humain pour bien comprendre quelles sont les caractéristiques déterminer le succès thérapeutique. Le rat de coton (Sigmodon de hispidus), indigène de l&#39;Amérique du Nord et du Sud, est le plus souvent utilisé comme un modèle de l&#39;infection par le virus respiratoire syncytial (tel que revu à 5). rats de cotonniers sont également utilisés dans le BHV-1-anti- recherche de vaccination qu&#39;ils récapitulent la pathologie associée à la maladie respiratoire bovine complexe 6,23. En outre, le BHV-1 chez des rats de cotonest immunogène, induisant des muqueuses et soutenue des réponses immunitaires systémiques 6,23-25. Les lignées cellulaires ont été tirés de fibrosarcome spontanée et ostéosarcomes de la glande mammaire (de LCRT) et d&#39;os (CCRT et TRCV), respectivement 26. rats de coton ont été utilisés pour évaluer l&#39;efficacité in vivo des vecteurs Ad oncolytiques comme ils sont sensibles à l&#39;infection annonce et présentent une pathologie semblable aux humains 27-29. L&#39;utilisation de modèles immunodéprimés pour l&#39;évaluation pré-clinique de VO sont non seulement moins indicative de réponses cliniques au traitement mais ils ne parviennent pas à prendre en compte le rôle du système immunitaire dans virothérapie oncolytique 30,31. Par conséquent, le coton et les modèles syngéniques de rats rendus tolérants tumeur de carcinome mammaire et l&#39;ostéosarcome sont des modèles pertinents pour évaluer l&#39;efficacité préclinique de VO, comme BHV-1 et des annonces qui ne peut être étudiée en utilisant des modèles murins classiques.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Name of Material/Equipment</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog #</td>
			<td>Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#8217;s modified Eagle&#8217;s medium&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11965-092</td>
			<td>May use any brand&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1X Phosphate Buffered Saline&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Can prepare in lab, filter to sterilize</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>200 mM L-glutamine</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25030164</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100x Antibiotic-Antimycotic&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15240-062</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td>Quality Biological Inc.</td>
			<td>110-001-101HI</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T-150cm2 tissue culture flask</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14-826-80</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1X TypLE Express</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>12604-013</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>12-well cell culture plate, flat bottom</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>08-772-29</td>
			<td>May use any brand, must be tissue culture treated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>alamarBlue</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>DAL1025</td>
			<td>May use an alternative reagent for determination of cell viability</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>8640 Teklad 22/5 Rodent diet</td>
			<td>Harlan&#160;</td>
			<td>8640</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1/8&#8221; corncob rodent bedding</td>
			<td>Harlan</td>
			<td>7092</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nestlets</td>
			<td>Ancare</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Made of pulped virgin cotton fiber, dust-free and autoclavable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL Conical tubes</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14-432-22</td>
			<td>May use any brand, must be sterile</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane USP, 99.9 %, inhalation anesthetic</td>
			<td>Pharmaceutical Partners of Canada Inc.</td>
			<td>M60302</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>70% Ethanol</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Can prepare in lab</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 % Neutral Buffered Formalin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>HT501128</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name of Material/Equipment</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog #</td>
			<td>Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NAPCO NapFlow 1200 Class II A/B3 Biosafety Microbiological Safety Cabinet (cell culture hood)</td>
			<td>NAPCO</td>
			<td>Model used not currently available</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific Precision Heated Water Bath</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>Model used not currently available&#160;</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Reichert Bright-line Hemacytometer</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z359629</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Typhoon Trio BioAnalyzer&#160;</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare Life Sciences</td>
			<td>Model used not currently available&#160;</td>
			<td>May use any fluorescence plate reader</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tecan Safire2 Multi-detection Microplate Reader</td>
			<td>Tecan</td>
			<td>Model used not currently available&#160;</td>
			<td>May use any fluorescence plate reader</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Allegra 6R benchtop centrifuge</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>366816</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Table Top Anaesthesia machine</td>
			<td>VetEquip</td>
			<td>Model used not currently available&#160;</td>
			<td>May use any brand, must be portable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wahl Peanut Mini Clippers</td>
			<td>Wahl</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>May use any brand of small clippers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin syringes 29 G x 1/2&#39;, 0.3 mL</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>329464</td>
			<td>May use any brand. Insulin syringes are recommended as they make injections easier through the rat&#8217;s tough skin.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cotton swabs</td>
			<td>MedPro</td>
			<td>018-425</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sharp-Pointed Dissecting Scissors</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>8940</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting Tissue Forceps</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>13-812-41</td>
			<td>May use any brand</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

handling of the cotton rat in studies for the pre-clinical evaluation of oncolytic viruses

Oncolytic viruses are a novel anticancer therapy with the ability to target tumor cells, while leaving healthy cells intact. For this strategy to be successful, recent studies have shown that involvement of the host immune system is essential. Therefore, oncolytic virotherapy should be evaluated within the context of an immunocompetent model. Furthermore, the study of antitumor therapies in tolerized animal models may better recapitulate results seen in clinical trials. Cotton rats, commonly used to study respiratory viruses, are an attractive model to study oncolytic virotherapy as syngeneic models of mammary carcinoma and osteosarcoma are well established. However, there is a lack of published information on the proper handling procedure for these highly excitable rodents. The handling and capture approach outlined minimizes animal stress to facilitate experimentation. This technique hinges upon the ability of the researcher to keep calm during handling and perform procedures in a timely fashion. Finally, we describe how to prepare cotton rat mammary tumor cells for consistent subcutaneous tumor formation, and how to perform intratumoral and intraperitoneal injections. These methods can be applied to a wide range of studies furthering the development of the cotton rat as a relevant pre-clinical model to study antitumor therapy.

En raison de la nature extrêmement excitable de rats de coton, être familier avec et en utilisant des procédures optimisées pour réduire le stress des animaux facilitera leur utilisation comme un modèle animal pré-clinique. Utilisation de techniques de manipulation appropriées également minimiser les risques pour le chercheur. Lors de l&#39;utilisation des rats de coton, il est impératif de rester calme. Les rats sont très excités et vont tenter d&#39;échapper à leur cage. Util...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Handling of the Cotton Rat in Studies for the Pre-clinical Evaluation of Oncolytic Viruses at JoVE.com

Handling of the Cotton Rat in Studies for the Pre-clinical Evaluation of Oncolytic Viruses

Cotton rats are extremely excitable and have a strong flight-or-fight response. A handling method optimized to reduce the stress of the animals is described which will make cotton rats more accessible as a preclinical model.

Manipulation du Rat coton en études pour l&#39;évaluation pré-clinique de virus oncolytiques

Oncolytic viruses are a novel anticancer therapy with the ability to target tumor cells, while leaving healthy cells intact.  For this strategy to be ...

handling-cotton-rat-studies-for-pre-clinical-evaluation-oncolytic

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

9.2K vues.  McMaster University. Cotton rats are extremely excitable and have a strong flight-or-fight response. A handling method optimized to reduce the stress of the animals is described which will make cotton rats more accessible as a preclinical model. 