This study is supported by American Heart Association Scientist Development Grant 13SDG16930098 and the National Science Foundation of China Youth Award 81300240 (PI: Wang). We thank Roberto Mendez from Wayne State University for assisting in the preparation of the manuscript.

1. Isolement de l&#39;aorte de souris Toutes les procédures décrites ici ont été approuvés par le soin et l&#39;utilisation des animaux Commission institutionnelle de l&#39;Université Wayne State. <ol><li> Placer la souris dans la chambre d&#39;aspiration de la machine d&#39;anesthésie. Régler le débit de l&#39; isoflurane à 4% en conjonction avec 25% d&#39; air frais et de 75% de O 2. Anesthetize la souris par inhalation d&#39;isoflurane (4% pour l&#39; induction, ± 1,0% pour la maintenance) en conjonction avec 25% d&#39; air frais et de 75% O 2 par chambre d&#39;induction suivie d&#39;un cône de nez dédié. NOTE: L&#39;anesthésie avec de l&#39;isoflurane peut être livré dans 75% d&#39;oxygène / 25% d&#39;air ou 100% d&#39;oxygène. </li><li> Vérifiez la souris toutes les 5 min jusqu&#39;à ce que le niveau approprié de l&#39;anesthésie est atteinte (absence de retrait pincement de l&#39;orteil). </li><li> Prendre la souris hors de la chambre d&#39;induction et continuer l&#39;isoflurane par inhalation si le cône de nez dédié qui est connecté à la machine d&#39;anesthésie. Mettez leisoflurane écoulement à 1% pour maintenir l&#39;anesthésie. </li><li> Alors qu&#39;il est sous anesthésie, mettez la souris sur un bloc de chirurgie, positionné sur son dos. Utilisez du ruban de laboratoire pour sécuriser les membres. </li><li> Utilisez une lampe chauffante pour maintenir la chaleur de la souris. Gardez la lampe à une distance appropriée de la souris pour que la souris ne sera pas trop de chaleur. </li><li> Vaporiser la poitrine avec 70% d&#39;éthanol. </li><li> Utilisez des ciseaux de dissection pour ouvrir l&#39;abdomen de la ligne médiane, et d&#39;exposer l&#39;aorte abdominale. Ouvrez la cavité thoracique et d&#39;exposer le cœur et les poumons. </li><li> Couper l&#39;aorte abdominale au milieu avec des ciseaux de dissection pour libérer le sang. </li><li> Remplir une seringue de 1 ml (avec 25 aiguille G) avec 1 mL de PBS contenant 1 000 U / ml d&#39;héparine. Injecter du PBS contenant 1 000 U / ml d&#39;héparine dans le ventricule gauche et perfuser l&#39;aorte. Poussez le cœur et le poumon avec une pince sur les grandes artères du côté droit de la souris pour exposer l&#39;aorte thoracique. </li><li> Retirez rapidement l&#39;aorte thoracique à l&#39;aide de micro-dipinces ssection et le mettre dans la glace froide 1x PBS (stérile), puis transporter le conteneur dans une hotte à flux laminaire. </li><li> Insérez une seringue de 1 ml équipé 25 aiguille G dans une extrémité de l&#39;aorte, et rincer doucement l&#39;aorte avec PBS glacé pour enlever le sang. </li><li> Utilisez une pince micro-dissection pour enlever autant du tissu adipeux ci-joint et de petits vaisseaux latéraux que possible. </li><li> transférer immédiatement l&#39;aorte endothéliales milieu de croissance. </li><li> Couper l&#39;aorte en 1 mm anneaux à l&#39;aide d&#39;une lame de scalpel stérile. Récolte environ 8 - 10 anneaux par aorte. </li><li> Ouvrez chaque anneau aortique en utilisant une paire de ciseaux micro-dissection. </li></ol> 2. Seed les Segments aortiques sur matrice <ol><li> Lorsqu&#39;ils ne sont pas en cours d&#39;utilisation, maintenir la matrice de facteur réduit la croissance de -20 ° C pour empêcher la solidification. Placer la matrice de facteur de croissance réduite à 4 ° C au moins pendant une nuit pour permettre une décongélation complète. </li><li> Prérefroidissement un 6 puits conseils de plaque et de pipettes à -20 ° C pendant au moins10 minutes. Mettez la plaque de 6 puits sur la glace et le manteau d&#39;un puits de la plaque avec 1 ml de matrice sans introduire de bulles d&#39;air. Placer la plaque dans un incubateur à 37 ° C pendant 20 min pour permettre à la matrice de se solidifier. </li><li> Implanter les morceaux de l&#39;aorte sur la matrice solidifiée en utilisant une pince micro-dissection stériles. Placez les morceaux du côté lumière vers le bas sur la matrice sans toucher l&#39;endothélium. Place 3 - 4 segments aortiques proches les uns des autres sur la matrice. </li><li> Ajoutez juste assez milieu de croissance des cellules endothéliales pour maintenir les segments humide (~ 200 pi). </li><li> Incuber la plaque à 37 ° C sous 5% de CO 2 pendant 4 à 6 heures. A la fin de la journée, ajoutez juste assez moyen pour couvrir les segments de l&#39;aorte. </li><li> Observez le segment aortique germination périodiquement sous un microscope à contraste de phase. Vérifier le niveau moyen et la croissance cellulaire chaque jour. Ajouter moyen si nécessaire pour maintenir les segments aortiques couverts. </li><li> Sur le 4 ème jour, retirez délicatement le moyen et retirer les segments de l&#39; aorte felon la matrice à l&#39;aide d&#39;une aiguille stérile sans interrompre les cellules endothéliales en croissance. </li><li> Ajouter 2 ml de nouveau milieu de croissance des cellules endothéliales et les cellules endothéliales permettent continuent de proliférer sur la matrice 2 - 3 jours. </li></ol> 3. repiquage initial des cellules endothéliales aortiques Souris <ol><li> Enduire un nouveau flacon de T12.5 avec de la gélatine (0,1%), incuber à 37 ° C pendant 30 min. </li><li> Laver les plaques de matrice avec soin stérile 37 ° C PBS. </li><li> Ajouter 2 mL de proteinase neutre (50 U / ml) sur les plaques de matrice et incuber à température ambiante sur la plate-forme rocker avec agitation occasionnelle. Vérifiez les cellules sous un microscope à contraste de phase pour vous assurer que la majorité des cellules sont détachés. </li><li> Ajouter 2 mL de D-Val pour inactiver la proteinase neutre. </li><li> Recueillir le surnageant avec précaution dans un tube de 15 ml centrifugeuse. Laver la plaque avec 2 ml D-Val et recueillir le surnageant. </li><li> Centrifuger la suspension cellulaire à 900 xg pendant 5 min à room température. </li><li> Remettre en suspension le culot cellulaire dans 4 ml de milieu de croissance des cellules endothéliales et la plaque dans le flacon T12.5 enrobé avec de la gélatine. Incuber les cellules à 37 ° C, 5% de CO 2 pendant 2 h. </li><li> Remplacez le support. Incuber les cellules à 37 ° C, 5% de CO2 jusqu&#39;à ce qu&#39;elles soient 85% - 90% de confluence. </li></ol> 4. repiquage des cellules endothéliales aortiques Souris <ol><li> Manteau deux nouvelles fioles de T12.5 avec de la gélatine (0,1%), incuber à 37 ° C pendant 30 min. Pré-chauffage de la trypsine-EDTA (0,25% de trypsine, 0,02 EDTA dans du PBS) et du PBS stérile à 37 ° C pendant environ 15 min. </li><li> Laver les cellules avec soin stérile 37 ° C PBS. </li><li> Ajouter 0,5 ml de Trypsine-EDTA (0,25% de trypsine, 0,02 EDTA dans du PBS) et incuber à 37 ° C pendant environ 1 minute ou jusqu&#39;à ce que la majorité des cellules se retourner. </li><li> Ajouter 2 mL de milieu de croissance des cellules endothéliales pour arrêter la digestion. Introduire à la pipette la suspension de cellules et vers le bas dans le temps de plusieurs flacons. Si nécessaire, utilisez une cellulegrattoir pour recueillir les cellules. </li><li> Recueillir la suspension cellulaire dans un tube de 15 ml de la centrifugeuse. Centrifuger la suspension cellulaire à 900 g pendant 5 min à température ambiante. </li><li> Remettre en suspension le culot cellulaire dans 4 ml de milieu de croissance des cellules endothéliales et de la plaque dans des ballons de 2 T12.5 revêtues de gélatine. Incuber les cellules à 37 ° C, 5% de CO 2 pendant 2 h. </li><li> Remplacez le support. Incuber les cellules à 37 ° C, 5% de CO2 jusqu&#39;à ce qu&#39;elles soient 85% - 90% de confluence. </li><li> Utiliser les cellules endothéliales aortiques de souris après 2 - 3 passages. </li></ol> 5. Caractérisation des cellules endothéliales aortiques de souris <ol><li> Re-plaque les cellules. <ol><li> Enduire une plaque à 6 puits avec de la gélatine (0,1%), incuber à 37 ° C pendant 30 min. Rincer la plaque avec du PBS. </li><li> Préchauffer la trypsine-EDTA et du PBS stérile à 37 ° C pendant environ 15 min. </li><li> Laver les cellules avec du PBS stérile 3 fois. Ajouter 0,5 ml de solution de trypsine / EDTA pour les cellules, incuber pendant environ 1 min à 37 ° C or jusqu&#39;à ce que la majorité des cellules se retourner. </li><li> Ajouter 2 mL de milieu de croissance des cellules endothéliales pour arrêter la digestion. Introduire à la pipette la suspension de cellules et vers le bas dans le temps de plusieurs flacons. Si nécessaire, utiliser un grattoir cellulaire pour recueillir les cellules. </li><li> Recueillir la suspension cellulaire dans un tube de 15 ml de la centrifugeuse. Centrifuger la suspension cellulaire à 900 g pendant 5 min à température ambiante. </li><li> Jeter le surnageant, remettre en suspension les cellules dans un milieu de croissance des cellules endothéliales. Ensemencer les cellules en plaque de 6 puits revêtus avec de la gélatine à la densité de 3 x 10 5 / puits. </li><li> Incuber les cellules pendant une nuit à 37 ° C, 5% de CO 2 pour permettre aux cellules de se fixer à la surface de culture. </li></ol></li><li> Dil-ac-LDL uptaken et Ulex -lectin liaison. <ol><li> Stocker le 1,1&#39;-dioctadécyl-3,3,3 &#39;, 3&#39;- tetramethylindo-carbocyanine perchlorate marqué LDL acétylé (Dil-ac-LDL) à -20 ° C. Avant la coloration, dégeler Dil-ac-LDL sur la glace. La solu Stock Dil-ac-LDLtion est de 1 mg / ml. Stocker le europaeus agglutinine marqué FITC Ulex (Ulex -Lectin, 1 pg / ml) à 4 ° C. La solution stock Ulex -Lectin est de 1 mg / mL. Magasin Hoechst 33342 à 4 ° C. La 33342 solution mère Hoechst est de 100 pg / mL. </li><li> Ajouter 10 ul d&#39;Dil-ac-LDL solution mère à 1 ml de milieu de culture pour obtenir une concentration finale de 10 pg / ml. </li><li> Avant coloration, retirez l&#39;ancien milieu et laver les cellules dans chaque puits par un nouveau milieu. </li><li> Retirez le nouveau moyen et ajouter le milieu de coloration Dil-ac-LDL. </li><li> Incuber les cellules à 37 ° C, 5% de CO 2 pendant 1 h. </li><li> Laver les cellules avec stériles 1x PBS 3 fois. </li><li> Ajouter 1 ml de formol à 10% pour fixer les cellules. Mettre la plaque dans la température ambiante pendant environ 30 min. </li><li> Laver les cellules avec stériles 1x PBS 3 fois. Évitez la lumière. </li><li> Ajouter 1 mL stérile 1x PBS qui contient 10 pi de Ulex -Lectin. </li><li> Incuber les cellules à chambre tempérare dans l&#39;obscurité pendant 1 h. </li><li> Retirer la Ulex lectine-en lavant les cellules avec du PBS stérile 1x 3 fois. </li><li> Ajouter de Hoechst 33342 à une concentration finale de 1 pg / ml, incuber pendant 10 minutes dans l&#39;obscurité. </li><li> Voir la fluorescence de Dil-ac-LDL (rouge, excitation longueur d&#39;onde de 576 nm), Ulex -Lectin (vert, excitation longueur d&#39;onde de 519 nm) et Hoechst (bleu, excitation longueur d&#39;onde de 361 nm) avec un microscope à fluorescence inversé. </li></ol></li><li> coloration fluorescente pour CD31, VEGFR2, eNOS, VE-cadhérine et calponine. <ol><li> Magasin de l&#39;anticorps conjugué au FITC anti-souris CD31, un anticorps eNOS, la VE-cadhérine anticorps, conjugué à FITC IgG anti-lapin à 4 ° C dans l&#39;obscurité. Magasin VEGFR2 anticorps -20 ° C. </li><li> Laver les cellules avec stériles 1x PBS 3 fois. </li><li> Ajouter 1 ml de formol à 10% pour fixer les cellules. Mettre la plaque dans la température ambiante pendant environ 30 min. </li><li> Laver les cellules avec stériles 1x PBS 3 fois. </li><li> Pour colorer CD31, ajouter 1 ml de 1x stérilePBS contenant 10 pi d&#39;anticorps CD31-FITC. Pour colorer soit VEGFR2, eNOS, VE-cadhérine ou calponin, ajouter 1 ml de solution stérile 1x PBS contenant 4 pi de VEGFR2, eNOS, VE-cadhérine ou calponin anticorps primaire, respectivement. </li><li> Incuber les cellules sur de la glace pendant 1 h dans l&#39;obscurité. </li><li> Retirer les anticorps par lavage des cellules avec du PBS stérile 3 fois. </li><li> Pour la coloration de VEGFR2 eNOS, la VE-cadhérine ou calponin, ajouter 1 ml de solution stérile PBS 1x contenant 10 ul de FITC conjugué IgG anti-lapin. Incuber les cellules sur de la glace pendant 1 h dans l&#39;obscurité. Éliminer les IgG en lavant les cellules avec du PBS stérile 3 fois. </li><li> Ajouter de Hoechst 33342 à une concentration finale de 1 pg / ml, incuber pendant 10 minutes dans l&#39;obscurité. </li><li> Voir la fluorescence de CD31, VEGFR2, eNOS, VE-cadhérine, calponin (vert, excitation longueur d&#39;onde de 518-535 nm) et Hoechst (bleu, excitation longueur d&#39;onde de 361 nm) avec un microscope à fluorescence inversé. </li></ol></li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Simionescu, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Implications+of+early+structural-functional+changes+in+the+endothelium+for+vascular+disease.">Implications of early structural-functional changes in the endothelium for vascular disease.</a> Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 27, 266-274 (2007).</li><li>Cid, M. C., Segarra, M., Garcia-Martinez, A., Hernandez-Rodriguez, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endothelial+cells,+antineutrophil+cytoplasmic+antibodies,+and+cytokines+in+the+pathogenesis+of+systemic+vasculitis.">Endothelial cells, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, and cytokines in the pathogenesis of systemic vasculitis.</a> Current rheumatology reports. 6, 184-194 (2004).</li><li>Wang, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=C-Reactive+protein-induced+endothelial+microparticle+generation+in+HUVECs+is+related+to+BH4-dependent+NO+formation.">C-Reactive protein-induced endothelial microparticle generation in HUVECs is related to BH4-dependent NO formation.</a> Journal of vascular research. 44, 241-248 (2007).</li><li>Wang, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increased+circulating+CD31+/CD42-+microparticles+are+associated+with+impaired+systemic+artery+elasticity+in+healthy+subjects.">Increased circulating CD31+/CD42- microparticles are associated with impaired systemic artery elasticity in healthy subjects.</a> American journal of hypertension. 20, 957-964 (2007).</li><li>Mackay, L. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+characterisation+of+human+pulmonary+microvascular+endothelial+cells+from+patients+with+severe+emphysema.">Isolation and characterisation of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells from patients with severe emphysema.</a> Respiratory research. 14, 23 (2013).</li><li>Marelli-Berg, F. M., Peek, E., Lidington, E. A., Stauss, H. J., Lechler, R. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+endothelial+cells+from+murine+tissue.">Isolation of endothelial cells from murine tissue.</a> Journal of immunological methods. 244, 205-215 (2000).</li><li>Bowden, R. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+alpha4+integrin+and+VCAM-1+in+CD18-independent+neutrophil+migration+across+mouse+cardiac+endothelium.">Role of alpha4 integrin and VCAM-1 in CD18-independent neutrophil migration across mouse cardiac endothelium.</a> Circulation research. 90, 562-569 (2002).</li><li>Lu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Palmitate+induces+apoptosis+in+mouse+aortic+endothelial+cells+and+endothelial+dysfunction+in+mice+fed+high-calorie+and+high-cholesterol+diets.">Palmitate induces apoptosis in mouse aortic endothelial cells and endothelial dysfunction in mice fed high-calorie and high-cholesterol diets.</a> Life sciences. 92, 1165-1173 (2013).</li><li>Atkins, G. B., Jain, M. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endothelial+differentiation:+molecular+mechanisms+of+specification+and+heterogeneity.">Endothelial differentiation: molecular mechanisms of specification and heterogeneity.</a> Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 31, 1476-1484 (2011).</li><li>Aitsebaomo, J., Portbury, A. L., Schisler, J. C., Patterson, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Brothers+and+sisters:+molecular+insights+into+arterial-venous+heterogeneity.">Brothers and sisters: molecular insights into arterial-venous heterogeneity.</a> Circulation research. 108, 929-939 (2008).</li><li>Shimamoto, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Drugs+and+foods+on+contraction+of+endothelial+cells+as+a+key+mechanism+in+atherogenesis+and+treatment+of+atherosclerosis+with+endothelial-cell+relaxants+(cyclic+AMP+phosphodiesterase+inhibitors).">Drugs and foods on contraction of endothelial cells as a key mechanism in atherogenesis and treatment of atherosclerosis with endothelial-cell relaxants (cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors).</a> Advances in experimental medicine and biology. 60, 77-105 (1975).</li><li>Chiu, J. J., Chien, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+disturbed+flow+on+vascular+endothelium:+pathophysiological+basis+and+clinical+perspectives.">Effects of disturbed flow on vascular endothelium: pathophysiological basis and clinical perspectives.</a> Physiological reviews. 91, 327-387 (2011).</li><li>Gimbrone, M. A., Topper, J. N., Nagel, T., Anderson, K. R., Garcia-Cardena, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endothelial+dysfunction,+hemodynamic+forces,+and+atherogenesis.">Endothelial dysfunction, hemodynamic forces, and atherogenesis.</a> Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 902, 239-240 (2000).</li><li>Rostgaard, J., Qvortrup, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electron+microscopic+demonstrations+of+filamentous+molecular+sieve+plugs+in+capillary+fenestrae.">Electron microscopic demonstrations of filamentous molecular sieve plugs in capillary fenestrae.</a> Microvascular research. 53, 1-13 (1997).</li><li>Brutsaert, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+endothelial-myocardial+signaling:+its+role+in+cardiac+growth,+contractile+performance,+and+rhythmicity.">Cardiac endothelial-myocardial signaling: its role in cardiac growth, contractile performance, and rhythmicity.</a> Physiological reviews. 83, 59-115 (2003).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Cette étude démontre une méthode simple pour isoler et cultiver des cellules endothéliales d&#39;une aorte de souris sans aucun équipement spécial. La coloration par immunofluorescence a indiqué que la majorité des cellules sont des cellules endothéliales après le second passage. Il est suggéré que les cellules au deuxième à la troisième passage sont adaptés pour in vitro et in vivo des expériences pour étudier la biologie endothéliale. Les billet...

L&#39;endothélium vasculaire est non seulement une couche barrière qui sépare le sang et les tissus, on considère une vaste glande endocrine qui étend sur la totalité de l&#39; arbre vasculaire avec une surface spécifique de 400 mètres carrés 1. Le bien-être de l&#39;endothélium est essentiel à l&#39;homéostasie vasculaire. L&#39;endothélium dysfonctionnel participe à divers troubles cardiovasculaires, y compris l&#39; athérosclérose, la vasculite et les blessures d&#39; ischémie / reperfusion, etc. 2-4. À ce jour, les mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires spécifiques impliqués dans ces paramètres de la maladie ne sont pas bien comprises en raison de la nature anatomique diffuse de l&#39;endothélium. La souris est un modèle important pour la recherche parce que les techniques de manipulation génétique sont plus développés chez les souris que chez les autres espèces de mammifères. Cependant, l&#39;isolement des cellules endothéliales aortiques murins primaires est considérée comme particulièrement difficile en raison de la petite taille de l&#39;aorte fait enzymatic digestion de l&#39;endothélium impraticable. Certaines procédures pour isoler et purifier CEs nécessitent 5-7 signalé. L&#39;objectif de ce protocole est d&#39;utiliser une méthode simple pour isoler et développer les cellules endothéliales de l&#39;aorte de la souris sans utiliser aucun équipement spécial. Dans ce protocole, l&#39;aorte fraîchement isolée est coupée en petits segments et ensemencées sur une matrice avec l&#39;endothélium vers le bas pour permettre la germination endothéliale. Après segments sont enlevés, les cellules endothéliales sont développées dans le milieu de l&#39;endothélium favorisée et sont prêts pour des expériences après deux ou trois passages. Les avantages du procédé décrit sont les suivants: 1) des nombres très élevés de cellules endothéliales sont récoltées à partir d&#39;une seule aorte; 2) la viabilité des cellules est bien conservé; et 3) aucun équipement ou d&#39;une technique spéciale est nécessaire. Il fournit un moyen efficace d&#39;identifier les mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires spécifiques dans la physiopathologie des cellules endothéliales. Pour ceux qui sont intéressés à étudier prles cellules endothéliales cultivées imary provenant soit des souris knock-out, le gène souris knock-in, ou un modèle murin de la maladie, ce protocole est très utile et facile à pratiquer.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>4- or 6-week-old mice (Jackson Laboratory, #000664).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile 1X phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, Gibco, #10010-023).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile 1X PBS containing 1,000 U/ml of heparin (Sigma Aldrich, H3149).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Endothelial cell growth medium (Dulbeccos&#8217; Modified Eagle&#8217;s Medium[DMEM] with 25mM HEPES[Gibco, #12320-032 ], supplemented with 100&#956;g/ml endothelial cell growth supplement from bovine neural tissue [ECGS, Sigma,#2759], 10% fetal bovine serum [FBS, Gibco, #10082-147], 1,000 U/ml heparin [Sigma Aldrich, H3149], 10,000U/ml penicillin and 10mg/ml streptomycin [Gibco, #15140-122]).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Growth factor reduced matrix (BD Biosciences, #356231).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neutral proteinase (Dispase, 1U/ml, Fisher Scientific #CB-40235) and D-Val medium (D-Valine, 0.034g/L[Sigma, #1255], in Dulbeccos&#8217; Modified Eagle&#8217;s Medium, low glucose[Gibco, #12320-032 ]).&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gelatin (100&#8209;200 &#956;g/cm2, Sigma, #G1393).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1,1`-dioctadecyl-3,3,3`,3`- tetramethylindo- carbocyanine perchlorate-labeled acetylated LDL (Dil-ac-LDL, Life Technologies, #L3484),&#160; FITC-labeled Ulex europeus agglutinin (Ulex-Lectin, Sigma, #L9006),&#160; Anti-mouse CD31-FITC conjugated antibody (BD Biosciences, # 553372).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 antibody (Cell signaling, #9698), anti-mouse endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Abcam, #ab5589), anti-mouse vascular endothelium-cadherin (Abcam, #33168), anti-mouse calponin (Abcam, #700), FITC-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG (Sigma, #F6005)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>One ml syringe fitted with 25-G needle (Fisher Scientific, #50-900-04222).&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100mm Peri dishes (Fisher Scientific,&#160; #07-202-516).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Six-well cell culture plates (Fisher Scientific, #08-772-1B).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T12.5 cultuer flask (Fisher Scientific, #50-202-076)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scissors, forceps, microdissection scissors and forceps, Scalpel blade (Fine Science Tools, Inc)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anesthesia machine with isoflurane (Webster Veterianary Supply, #07-806-3204), heating lamp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge machine.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inverted phase-contrast microscope.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>inverted fluorescence microscope.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation and primary culture of mouse aortic endothelial cells

The vascular endothelium is essential to normal vascular homeostasis. Its dysfunction participates in various cardiovascular disorders. The mouse is an important model for cardiovascular disease research. This study demonstrates a simple method to isolate and culture endothelial cells from the mouse aorta without any special equipment. To isolate endothelial cells, the thoracic aorta is quickly removed from the mouse body, and the attached adipose tissue and connective tissue are removed from the aorta. The aorta is cut into 1 mm rings. Each aortic ring is opened and seeded onto a growth factor reduced matrix with the endothelium facing down. The segments are cultured in endothelial cell growth medium for about 4 days. The endothelial sprouting starts as early as day 2. The segments are then removed and the cells are cultured continually until they reach confluence. The endothelial cells are harvested using neutral proteinase and cultured in endothelial cell growth medium for another two passages before being used for experiments. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that after the second passage the majority of cells were double positive for Dil-ac-LDL uptake, Lectin binding, and CD31 staining, the typical characteristics of endothelial cells. It is suggested that cells at the second to third passages are suitable for in vitro and in vivo experiments to study the endothelial biology. Our protocol provides an effective means of identifying specific cellular and molecular mechanisms in endothelial cell physiopathology.

Cellules endothéliales Germination cellules endothéliales spontanée germination a commencé à partir d&#39;un segment d&#39;aorte de souris. Le segment d&#39;aorte de souris a été autorisée à se développer sur une matrice de facteurs de croissance, puis réduit dans un milieu de croissance des cellules endothéliales pendant 4 jours. La germination des cellules endothéliales apparaît généralement dans 2 - 4 jours. Photomicrographies ont été prises le jour 4 <s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Primary Culture of Mouse Aortic Endothelial Cells at JoVE.com

Isolation and Primary Culture of Mouse Aortic Endothelial Cells

The vascular endothelial cells play a significant role in many important cardiovascular disorders. This article describes a simple method to isolate and expand endothelial cells from the mouse aorta without using any special equipment. Our protocol provides an effective means of identifying mechanisms in endothelial cell physiopathology.

L&#39;isolement et la culture primaire de cellules endothéliales aortiques de souris

The vascular endothelium is essential to normal vascular homeostasis. Its dysfunction participates in various cardiovascular disorders. The mouse is an ...

isolation-and-primary-culture-of-mouse-aortic-endothelial-cells

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

30.3K vues.  Wayne State University. The vascular endothelial cells play a significant role in many important cardiovascular disorders. This article describes a simple method to isolate and expand endothelial cells from the mouse aorta without using any special equipment. Our protocol provides an effective means of identifying mechanisms in endothelial cell physiopathology.

Vidéo: Isolation and Primary Culture of Mouse Aortic Endothelial Cells

Isolation of Valvular Endothelial Cells

Heart valves are solely responsible for maintaining unidirectional blood flow through the cardiovascular system. These thin, fibrous tissues are subjected to significant mechanical stresses as they open and close several billion times over a lifespan. The incredible endurance of these tissues is due to the resident valvular endothelial (VEC) and interstitial cells (VIC) that constantly repair and remodel in response to local mechanical and biological signals. Only recently have we begun to understand the unique behaviors of these cells, for which in vitro experimentation has played a key role. Particularly challenging is the isolation and culture of VEC. Special care must be used from the moment the tissue is removed from the host through final plating. Here we present protocols for direct isolation, side specific isolation, culture, and verification of pure populations of VEC. We use enzymatic digestion followed by a gentle swab scraping technique to dislodge only surface cells. These cells are then collected into a tube and centrifuged into a pellet. The pellet is then resuspended and plated into culture flasks pre-coated with collagen I matrix. VEC phenotype is confirmed by contact inhibited growth and the expression of endothelial specific markers such as PECAM1 (CD31), Von Willebrand Factor (vWF), and negative expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (&alpha;-SMA). The functional characteristics of VEC are associated with high levels of acetylated LDL. Unlike vascular endothelial cells, VEC have the unique capacity to transform into mesenchyme, which normally occurs during embryonic valve formation1. This can also occur during significantly prolonged post confluent in vitro culture, so care should be made to passage at or near confluence. After VEC isolation, pure populations of VIC can then be easily acquired.

We provide a method for isolating and culturing pure populations of heart valve endothelial cells (VEC). VEC can be isolated from either side of the cusp or leaflet and immediately following, underlying interstitial cell (VIC) isolation is straightforward.

L&#39;isolement des cellules endothéliales valvulaires

Heart valves are solely responsible for maintaining unidirectional blood flow through the cardiovascular system.  These thin, fibrous tissues are ...

Recherche

Biologie

Isolation and Culture of Pulmonary Endothelial Cells from Neonatal Mice

Endothelial cells provide a useful research model in many areas of vascular biology. Since its first isolation 1, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) have shown to be convenient, easy to obtain and culture, and thus are the most widely studied endothelial cells. However, for research focused on processes like angiogenesis, permeability or many others, microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) are a much more physiologically relevant model to study 2. Furthermore, ECs isolated from knockout mice provide a useful tool for analysis of protein function ex vivo. Several approaches to isolate and culture microvascular ECs of different origin have been reported to date 3-7, but consistent isolation and culture of pure ECs is still a major technical problem in many laboratories. Here, we provide a step-by-step protocol on a reliable and relatively simple method of isolating and culturing mouse lung endothelial cells (MLECs). In this approach, lung tissue obtained from 6- to 8-day old pups is first cut into pieces, digested with collagenase/dispase (C/D) solution and dispersed mechanically into single-cell suspension. MLECS are purified from cell suspension using positive selection with anti-PECAM-1 antibody conjugated to Dynabeads using a Magnetic Particle Concentrator (MPC). Such purified cells are cultured on gelatin-coated tissue culture (TC) dishes until they become confluent. At that point, cells are further purified using Dynabeads coupled to anti-ICAM-2 antibody. MLECs obtained with this protocol exhibit a cobblestone phenotype, as visualized by phase-contrast light microscopy, and their endothelial phenotype has been confirmed using FACS analysis with anti-VE-cadherin 8 and anti-VEGFR2 9 antibodies and immunofluorescent staining of VE-cadherin. In our hands, this two-step isolation procedure consistently and reliably yields a pure population of MLECs, which can be further cultured. This method will enable researchers to take advantage of the growing number of knockout and transgenic mice to directly correlate in vivo studies with results of in vitro experiments performed on isolated MLECs and thus help to reveal molecular mechanisms of vascular phenotypes observed in vivo.

Here, we describe a protocol for isolation and culture of murine pulmonary endothelial cells. This method comprises mechanic and enzymatic lung tissue dissociation as well as a 2-step purification process using anti-PECAM-1 and anti-ICAM-2 antibodies conjugated to magnetic beads, which produces a pure endothelial cell population of mostly microvascular origin.

Isolement et culture de cellules endothéliales pulmonaires des souris néonatales

Endothelial cells provide a useful research model in many areas of vascular biology. Since its first isolation 1, human umbilical vein endothelial cells ...

Isolation of Primary Mouse Trophoblast Cells and Trophoblast Invasion Assay

The placenta is responsible for the transport of nutrients, gasses and growth factors to the fetus, as well as the elimination of wastes. 
Thus, defects in placental development have important consequences for the fetus and mother, and are a major cause of embryonic lethality. The major cell type of the 
fetal portion of the placenta is the trophoblast. Primary mouse placental trophoblast cells are a useful tool for studying normal and abnormal placental development, 
and unlike cell lines, may be isolated and used to study trophoblast at specific stages of pregnancy. In addition, primary cultures of trophoblast from transgenic
mice may be used to study the role of particular genes in placental cells. The protocol presented here is based on the description by Thordarson et al.1, in which a 
percoll gradient is used to obtain a relatively pure trophoblast cell population from isolated mouse placentas. It is similar to the more widely used methods for 
human trophoblast cell isolation2-3. Purity may be assessed by immunocytochemical staining of the isolated cells for cytokeratin 74. Here, the isolated cells are 
then analyzed using a matrigel invasion assay to assess trophoblast invasiveness in vitro5-6. The invaded cells are analyzed by immunocytochemistry and stained 
for counting.

In this protocol, we describe the dissection of placentae from the mouse on pregnancy d10.5, followed by isolation of trophoblast cells using a Percoll gradient. We then demonstrate use of the isolated cells in a matrigel invasion assay.

Isolement des cellules trophoblastiques primaires de souris et le test invasion trophoblastique

The placenta is responsible for the transport of nutrients, gasses and growth factors to the fetus, as well as the elimination of wastes.  
Thus, defects ...

Isolation and Primary Culture of Rat Hepatic Cells

Primary hepatocyte culture is a valuable tool that has been extensively used in basic research of liver function, disease, pathophysiology, pharmacology and other related subjects. The method based on two-step collagenase perfusion for isolation of intact hepatocytes was first introduced by Berry and Friend in 1969 1 and, since then, has undergone many modifications. The most commonly used technique was described by Seglenin 1976 2. Essentially, hepatocytes are dissociated from anesthetized adult rats by a non-recirculating collagenase perfusion through the portal vein. The isolated cells are then filtered through a 100 &mu;m pore size mesh nylon filter, and cultured onto plates. After 4-hour culture, the medium is replaced with serum-containing or serum-free medium, e.g. HepatoZYME-SFM, for additional time to culture. These procedures require surgical and sterile culture steps that can be better demonstrated by video than by text. Here, we document the detailed steps for these procedures by both video and written protocol, which allow consistently in the generation of viable hepatocytes in large numbers.

Primary hepatocytes provide a valuable tool to evaluate biochemical, molecular, and metabolic functions in a physiologically relevant experimental system. We describe a reliable protocol for rat in situ liver perfusion, which consistently generates viable hepatocytes up to 1.0 &times; 108 cells per preparation with cell viability between 88 ~ 96%.

L&#39;isolement et la culture primaire de cellules de foie de rat

Primary hepatocyte culture is a valuable tool that has been extensively used in basic research of liver function, disease, pathophysiology, pharmacology ...

Isolation and Culture of Mouse Primary Pancreatic Acinar Cells

This protocol permits rapid isolation (in less than 1 hr) of murine pancreatic acini, making it possible to maintain them in culture for more than one week. More than 20 x 106 acinar cells can be obtained from a single murine pancreas. This protocol offers the possibility to independently process as many as 10 pancreases in parallel. Because it preserves acinar architecture, this model is well suited for studying the physiology of the exocrine pancreas in vitro in contrast to cell lines established from pancreatic tumors, which display many genetic alterations resulting in partial or total loss of their acinar differentiation.

In this publication, we describe a rapid and convenient procedure for isolating and culturing primary pancreatic acinar cells from the murine pancreas. This method constitutes a valuable approach to study the physiology of fresh primary normal/untransformed exocrine pancreatic cells.

Isolement et culture de cellules primaires de souris acineuses du pancréas

This protocol permits rapid isolation (in less than 1 hr) of murine pancreatic acini, making it possible to maintain them in culture for more than one ...

Isolation of Murine Valve Endothelial Cells

Normal valve structures consist of stratified layers of specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) interspersed with valve interstitial cells (VICs) and surrounded by a monolayer of valve endothelial cells (VECs). VECs play essential roles in establishing the valve structures during embryonic development, and are important for maintaining life-long valve integrity and function. In contrast to a continuous endothelium over the surface of healthy valve leaflets, VEC disruption is commonly observed in malfunctioning valves and is associated with pathological processes that promote valve disease and dysfunction. Despite the clinical relevance, focused studies determining the contribution of VECs to development and disease processes are limited. The isolation of VECs from animal models would allow for cell-specific experimentation. VECs have been isolated from large animal adult models but due to their small population size, fragileness, and lack of specific markers, no reports of VEC isolations in embryos or adult small animal models have been reported. Here we describe a novel method that allows for the direct isolation of VECs from mice at embryonic and adult stages. Utilizing the Tie2-GFP reporter model that labels all endothelial cells with Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), we have been successful in isolating GFP-positive (and negative) cells from the semilunar and atrioventricular valve regions using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). Isolated GFP-positive VECs are enriched for endothelial markers, including CD31 and von Willebrand Factor (vWF), and retain endothelial cell expression when cultured; while, GFP-negative cells exhibit molecular profiles and cell shapes consistent with VIC phenotypes. The ability to isolate embryonic and adult murine VECs allows for previously unattainable molecular and functional studies to be carried out on a specific valve cell population, which will greatly improve our understanding of valve development and disease mechanisms.

The ability to isolate heart valve endothelial cells (VECs) is critical for understanding mechanisms of valve development, maintenance, and disease. Here we describe the isolation of VECs from embryonic and adult Tie2-GFP mice using FACS that will allow for studies determining the contribution of VECs in developmental and disease processes.

Isolement des cellules endothéliales murines Valve

Normal valve structures consist of stratified layers of specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) interspersed with valve interstitial cells (VICs) and ...

Isolation of Mouse Coronary Endothelial Cells

Endothelial cells line the inner wall of blood vessels and play an important role in the regulation of vascular tone, vascular permeability, and new vascular formation. Endothelial cell dysfunction is implicated in the development and progression of many cardiovascular diseases including ischemic heart disease. To examine the function and characterization of coronary endothelial cells, cell isolation is the first step and it requires high purity and quantity to conduct subsequent experiments. This protocol describes an efficient method to isolate adult mouse coronary endothelial cells. The mouse heart is dissected and minced into small pieces. After the digestion of the heart using dispase and collagenase II, cells are washed&#160;and incubated with magnetic beads which are conjugated with anti-CD31 antibody. The beads with endothelial cells are washed several times and are ready to use in various applications, including imaging and molecular biological experiments. Efficient isolation yields approximately 104 cells per one heart with over 90% purity.

This protocol is prepared to share our method of isolating mouse coronary endothelial cells for the purpose of imaging or to conduct molecular biological experiments.

Isolement de cellules de souris coronaire endothéliales

Endothelial cells line the inner wall of blood vessels and play an important role in the regulation of vascular tone, vascular permeability, and new ...

Isolation and Culture of Primary Mouse Keratinocytes from Neonatal and Adult Mouse Skin

The keratinocyte (KC) is the predominant cell type in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Epidermal KCs play a critical role in providing skin defense by forming an intact skin barrier against environmental insults, such as UVB irradiation or pathogens, and also by initiating an inflammatory response upon those insults. Here we describe methods to isolate KCs from neonatal mouse skin and from adult mouse tail skin. We also describe culturing conditions using defined growth supplements (dGS) in comparison to chelexed fetal bovine serum (cFBS). Functionally, we show that both neonatal and adult KCs are highly responsive to high calcium-induced terminal differentiation, tight junction formation and stratification. Additionally, cultured adult KCs are susceptible to UVB-triggered cell death and can release large amounts of TNF upon UVB irradiation. Together, the methods described here will be useful to researchers for the setup of in vitro models to study epidermal biology in the neonatal mouse and/or the adult mouse.

Epidermal keratinocytes form a functional skin barrier and are positioned at the front line of host defense against external environmental insults. Here we describe methods for isolation and primary culture of epidermal keratinocytes from neonatal and adult mouse skin, and induction of terminal differentiation and UVB-triggered inflammatory response from keratinocytes.

Isolation et culture des kératinocytes de la souris primaire de la peau de souris néonatale et adulte

The keratinocyte (KC) is the predominant cell type in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Epidermal KCs play a critical role in providing skin ...

Isolation and Culture of Primary Aortic Endothelial Cells from Miniature Pigs

Xenotransplantation is a promising way to resolve the shortage of human organs for patients with end-stage organ failure, and the pig is considered as a suitable organ source. Immune rejection and coagulation are two major hurdles for the success of xenotransplantation. Vascular endothelial cell (EC) injury and dysfunction are important for the development of the inflammation and coagulation responses in xenotransplantation. Thus, isolation of porcine aortic endothelial cells (pAECs) is necessary for investigating the immune rejection and coagulation responses. Here, we have developed a simple enzymatic approach for the isolation, characterization, and expansion of highly purified pAECs from miniature pigs. First, the miniature pig was anaesthetized with ketamine, and a length of aorta was excised. Second, the endothelial surface of aorta was exposed to 0.005% collagenase IV digestive solution for 15 min. Third, the endothelial surface of the aorta was scraped in only one direction with a cell scraper (&#60;10 times), and was not compressed during the process of scraping. Finally, the isolated pAECs of Day 3, and after passage 1 and passage 2, were identified by flow cytometry with an anti-CD31 antibody. The percentages of CD31-positive cells were 97.4% &#177; 1.2%, 94.4% &#177; 1.1%, and 92.4% &#177; 1.7% (mean &#177; SD), respectively. The concentration of Collagenase IV, the digestive time, the direction, and frequency and intensity of scraping are critical for decreasing fibroblast contamination and obtaining high-purity and a large number of ECs. In conclusion, our enzymatic method is a highly-effctive method for isolating ECs from the miniature pig aorta, and the cells can be expanded in vitro to investigate the immune and coagulation responses in xenotransplantation.

An effective enzymatic method for isolation of primary porcine aortic endothelial cells (pAECs) from miniature pigs is described. The isolated primary pAECs can be used to investigate the immune and coagulation response in xenotransplantation.

Isolement et culture des cellules endothéliales aortiques primaires des porcs miniatures

Xenotransplantation is a promising way to resolve the shortage of human organs for patients with end-stage organ failure, and the pig is considered as a ...

Isolation and Culture of Primary Oral Keratinocytes from the Adult Mouse Palate

For years, most studies involving keratinocytes have been conducted using human and mouse skin epidermal keratinocytes. Recently, oral keratinocytes have attracted attention because of their unique function and characteristics. They maintain the homeostasis of the oral epithelium and serve as resources for applications in regenerative therapies. However, in vitro studies that use oral primary keratinocytes from adult mice have been limited due to the lack of an efficient and well-established culture protocol. Here, oral primary keratinocytes were isolated from the palate tissues of adult mice and cultured in a commercial low-calcium medium supplemented with a chelexed-serum. Under these conditions, keratinocytes were maintained in a proliferative or stem cell-like state, and their differentiation was inhibited even after increased passages. Marker expression analysis showed that the cultured oral keratinocytes expressed the basal cell markers p63, K14, and &#945;6-integrin and were negative for the differentiation marker K13 and the fibroblast marker PDGFR&#945;. This method produced viable and culturable cells suitable for downstream applications in the study of oral epithelial stem cell functions in vitro.

The present protocol describes the isolation and culture of oral keratinocytes derived from the adult mouse palate. An evaluation method using immunostaining is also reported.

Isolement et culture de kératinocytes oraux primaires du palais de souris adulte

For years, most studies involving keratinocytes have been conducted using human and mouse skin epidermal keratinocytes. Recently, oral keratinocytes have ...