Ines Cherkaoui was supported by a Diabetes UK studentship (BDA 18/0005934) to GAR, who also thanks the Wellcome Trust for an Investigator Award (212625/Z/18/Z), UKRI MRC for a Programme grant (MR/R022259/1), Diabetes UK for Project grant (BDA16/0005485), CRCHUM for start-up funds, Innovation Canada for a John R. Evans Leader Award (CFI 42649), NIH-NIDDK (R01DK135268) for a project grant, and CIHR, JDRF for a team grant (CIHR-IRSC:0682002550; JDRF 4-SRA-2023-1182-S-N). Camille Dion and Dr Harry Leitch for their help with human hiPSCs generation and culture, the NIHR Imperial BRC (Biomedical Research Centre) Organoid facility, London.

Prior to initiating differentiation, it is recommended to determine the required number of islet-like organoids for experimental purposes. In a 6 well plate, a single well with over 80% confluency typically consists of 2-2.3 million hPSCs. While an accurate prediction is challenging due to variations in hPSC lines and differentiation efficiency, a rough estimate is 1.5 times the number of initial wells. An effectively directed differentiation usually yields 1.6 to 2 million cells per well in six-well plates, encompassing...

Differentiating Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Pancreatic ?-Cells

<ol>
	<li>Kolios, G., Moodley, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Introduction+to+stem+cells+and+regenerative+medicine.">Introduction to stem cells and regenerative medicine.</a> Respiration. 85 (1), 3-10 (2013).</li><li>Thomson, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Embryonic+stem+cell+lines+derived+from+human+blastocysts.">Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts.</a> Science. 282 (5391), 1145-1147 (1998).</li><li>Martin, G. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+a+pluripotent+cell+line+from+early+mouse+embryos+cultured+in+medium+conditioned+by+teratocarcinoma+stem+cells.">Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 78 (12), 7634-7638 (1981).</li><li>Nair, G. G., Tzanakakis, E. S., Hebrok, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Emerging+routes+to+the+generation+of+functional+&#946;-cells+for+diabetes+mellitus+cell+therapy.">Emerging routes to the generation of functional &#946;-cells for diabetes mellitus cell therapy.</a> Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 16 (9), 506-518 (2020).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diagnosis+and+classification+of+diabetes+mellitus.">Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus.</a> American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 32 (Supplement_1), S62-S67 (2009).</li><li>Sui, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=&#946;-Cell+Replacement+in+mice+using+human+Type+1+diabetes+nuclear+transfer+embryonic+stem+cells.">&#946;-Cell Replacement in mice using human Type 1 diabetes nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells.</a> Diabetes. 67 (1), 26-35 (2018).</li><li>Rezania, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reversal+of+diabetes+with+insulin-producing+cells+derived+in+vitro+from+human+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Reversal of diabetes with insulin-producing cells derived in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells.</a> Nature Biotechnology. 32 (11), 1121-1133 (2014).</li><li>Hogrebe, N. J., Maxwell, K. G., Augsornworawat, P., Millman, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+insulin-producing+pancreatic+&#946;-cells+from+multiple+human+stem+cell+lines.">Generation of insulin-producing pancreatic &#946;-cells from multiple human stem cell lines.</a> Nature Protocols. 16 (9), 4109-4143 (2021).</li><li>Jiang, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+insulin-producing+islet-like+clusters+from+human+embryonic+stem+cells.">Generation of insulin-producing islet-like clusters from human embryonic stem cells.</a> Stem Cells. 25 (8), 1940-1953 (2007).</li><li>Sui, L., Leibel, R. L., Egli, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pancreatic+&#946;-cell+differentiation+from+human+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Pancreatic &#946;-cell differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells.</a> Current Protocols in Human Genetics. 99 (1), e68 (2018).</li><li>Sui, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reduced+replication+fork+speed+promotes+pancreatic+endocrine+differentiation+and+controls+graft+size.">Reduced replication fork speed promotes pancreatic endocrine differentiation and controls graft size.</a> JCI Insight. 6 (5), 141553 (2021).</li><li>Veres, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Charting+cellular+identity+during+human+in+vitro+&#946;-cell+differentiation.">Charting cellular identity during human in vitro &#946;-cell differentiation.</a> Nature. 569 (7756), 368-373 (2019).</li><li>Rutter, G. A., Georgiadou, E., Martinez-Sanchez, A., Pullen, T. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolic+and+functional+specialisations+of+the+pancreatic+&#946;-cell:+gene+disallowance,+mitochondrial+metabolism+and+intercellular+connectivity.">Metabolic and functional specialisations of the pancreatic &#946;-cell: gene disallowance, mitochondrial metabolism and intercellular connectivity.</a> Diabetologia. 63 (10), 1990-1998 (2020).</li><li>Micallef, S. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=INS(GFP/w)+human+embryonic+stem+cells+facilitate+isolation+of+in+vitro+derived+insulin-producing+cells.">INS(GFP/w) human embryonic stem cells facilitate isolation of in vitro derived insulin-producing cells.</a> Diabetologia. 55 (3), 694-706 (2012).</li><li>Finch, P. W., Rubin, J. S., Miki, T., Ron, D., Aaronson, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+KGF+is+FGF-related+with+properties+of+a+paracrine+effector+of+epithelial+cell+growth.">Human KGF is FGF-related with properties of a paracrine effector of epithelial cell growth.</a> Science. 245 (4919), 752-755 (1989).</li></ol>

The successful differentiation of hPSCs into pancreatic &#946;-cells depends on optimizing all aspects of routine culturing and passage of the selected hPSCs. This includes ensuring that the cell line has a normal karyotype, is negative for mycoplasma infection, and is free of plasmid or viral vector genomes. Furthermore, when using hiPSCs, it is important to avoid using the earliest passage which are still undergoing reprogramming, for pilot experiments. These experiments should be conducted on a small scale to identify...

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the unique ability to differentiate into various cell types, making them a viable alternative to human pancreatic &#946;-cells1. These hPSCs are categorized into two types: embryonic stem cells (hESCs), derived from the blastocyst2, and induced pluripotent cells (hiPSCs), generated by reprogramming somatic cells directly3. The development of techniques to differentiate hPSCs into &#946;-cells, has important implications for both fundamental research and clinical practice1,4. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease affecting &#62;400 million people worldwide and results from the inability of the body to regulate glycemia due to malfunction or loss of pancreatic &#946;-cells5. The limited availability of pancreatic islet cells for transplantation has hindered the development of cell replacement therapies for diabetes2,4,6,7. The ability to generate glucose-responsive insulin-secreting cells using hPSCs serves as a useful cellular model for studying human islet development and function. It can also be used to test potential therapeutic candidates for diabetes treatment in a controlled environment. Moreover, hPSCs have the potential to produce pancreatic islet cells that are genetically identical to the patient, reducing the risk of immune rejection after transplantation2,4,7.
In recent years, there have been significant advancements in the refinement of hPSC culture and differentiation protocols, resulting in increased efficiency and reproducibility of the differentiation process toward generating pancreatic &#946;-cells8,9.
The following protocol outlines the essential stages of directed differentiation of pancreatic &#946;-cells. It involves the regulation of specific cell signaling pathways at distinct time points. It is based on the protocol developed by Sui L. et al.10 (2018) for the generation of hPSCs into pancreatic &#946;-cells. The protocol was adjusted to recent updates from Sui L. et al.11 (2021), as the latest research emphasizes the significance of using aphidicolin (APH) treatment to enhance the differentiation of &#946;-cells. The current protocol includes the addition of APH to the medium during the later stages of the process. Furthermore, modifications have been made to the composition of the medium during the early stages of differentiation compared to the initial protocol. A notable change is the addition of Keratinocyte Growth Factor (KGF) on Day 6 and continuing until Day 8. The keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is introduced from day 6 to day 8, which slightly differs from the initial protocol10, where KGF was not included in the stage 4 medium.
The first and essential step in the generation of &#946;-cell-like cells is the directed differentiation of hPSCs into definitive endoderm (DE), a primitive germ layer that gives rise to the epithelial lining of various organs, including the pancreas. After the formation of DE, the cells undergo differentiation into the primitive gut tube, which is followed by the specification of the posterior foregut fate. The posterior foregut then develops into pancreatic progenitor cells, which have the potential to differentiate into all cell types of the pancreas, including the endocrine and exocrine cells. The subsequent stage in the process involves pancreatic endocrine progenitors giving rise to the hormone-secreting cells found in the islets of Langerhans. In the end, the differentiation process reaches its final stage by producing fully functional pancreatic &#946;-cell like cells9,10. It is important to note that this process is complex and often requires optimization of the culture conditions, such as specific growth factors and extracellular matrix components, to improve the efficiency and specificity of differentiation9,10. Furthermore, generating functional &#946;-cell like cells from hPSCs in vitro is still a major challenge. Ongoing research focuses on improving differentiation protocols and enhancing the maturation and function of the resulting &#946;-cells9.
In this protocol, the use of gentle cell dissociation during the culture and passage of hPSCs is essential to maintain cell viability and pluripotency, significantly improving the efficiency of differentiation into pancreatic &#946;-cells. Additionally, each stage-specific medium has been meticulously optimized following the protocol developed by Sui L. et al.10 to promote a high yield of insulin-secreting cells in clusters that closely resemble the human islet.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1.5 mL TubeOne Microcentrifuge Tube</td>
			<td>Starlabs</td>
			<td>S1615-5500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6-well Cell culture plate</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>165218</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AggreWell 400 6-well plate&#160;</td>
			<td>STEMCELL Technologies</td>
			<td>34425</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Glucagon&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-aldrich</td>
			<td>G2654-100UL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Insulin&#160;</td>
			<td>Dako</td>
			<td>A0564</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-NKX6.1</td>
			<td>Novus Biologicals</td>
			<td>NBP1-49672SS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-PDX1&#160;</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab84987</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aphidicolin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A4487</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>B-27 Supplement (50X), serum free&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>17504044</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine Serum Albumin, fatty acid free</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A3803-100G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcium chloride dihydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C3306</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcium/Magnesium free D-PBS</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14190144</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cyclopamine-KAAD</td>
			<td>Calbiochem</td>
			<td>239804</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D-(+)-Glucose,BioXtra</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G7528</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disodium hydrogen phosphate, anhydrous</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>94046-100ML-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM plus GlutaMAX</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10566016</td>
			<td>For Washing Medium 2: DMEM plus GlutaMAX 1% PS.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM/F-12 (Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10565-018</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Epredi SuperFrost Plus Adhesion slides</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10149870</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>20821.33</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10270098</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gamma-Secretase Inhibitor XX</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>J64904</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Geltrex LDEV-Free Reduced Growth Factor Basement</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A1413302</td>
			<td>Geltrex 1:1 into cold DMEM/F-12 medium to provide a final dilution of 1:100.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat Anti-Guinea pig, Alexa Fluor 555</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A-21435</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat Anti-Guinea pig, Alexa Fluor 647</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab150187</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-Mouse Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 633</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A-21052</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 568</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A-11011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H3149</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES buffer</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H3375-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hoechst 33342, Trihydrochloride</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>H1399</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human FGF-7 (KGF) Recombinant Protein</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>PHG0094</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrogen chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>295426</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ImmEdge Hydrophobic Barrier PAP Pen</td>
			<td>Agar Scientific</td>
			<td>AGG4582</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LDN193189</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>SML0559-5MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnesium chloride hexahydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M9272-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OCT Compound 118 mL</td>
			<td>Agar Scientific</td>
			<td>AGR1180</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS Tablets, Phosphate Buffered Saline, Fisher BioReagents</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>7647-14-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin (PS)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific,</td>
			<td>15070-063</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>7447-40-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant Human EGF Protein</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>236-EG-200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rectangular cover glasses, 22&#215;50 mm</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>631-0137</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RepSox (Hydrochloride)</td>
			<td>STEMCELL Technologies</td>
			<td>72394</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI 1640 Medium, GlutaMAX Supplement&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>61870036</td>
			<td>For Washing Medium 1: RPMI 1640 plus GlutaMAX 1% PS.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Shandon Immu-mount</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>9990402</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S6014-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S3014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium dihydrogen phosphate anhydrous</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>7558-80-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>STEMdiff Endoderm&#160;</td>
			<td>STEMCELL Technologies</td>
			<td>5110</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>StemFlex Medium</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A3349401</td>
			<td>Thaw the StemFlex Supplement overnight at 4&#176;C, transfer any residual liquid of the supplement bottle to StemFlex Basal Medium.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stemolecule All-Trans Retinoic Acid</td>
			<td>Reprocell</td>
			<td>04-0021&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thyroid Tormone 3 (T3)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T6397</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan Blue Solution, 0.4%</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15250061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TrypL Express Enzyme (1X)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12604013</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TWEEN 20</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P2287-500ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultra-Low Adherent Plate for Suspension Culture</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>38071</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Water</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10977015</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Y-27632 (Dihydrochloride)&#160;</td>
			<td>STEMCELL Technologies</td>
			<td>72302</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zinc Sulfate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>Z4750</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

optimized protocol for generating functional pancreatic insulin-secreting cells from human pluripotent stem cells

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can differentiate into any kind of cell, making them an excellent alternative source of human pancreatic &#946;-cells. hPSCs can either be embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derived from the blastocyst or induced pluripotent cells (hiPSCs) generated directly from somatic cells using a reprogramming process. Here a video-based protocol is presented to outline the optimal culture and passage conditions for hPSCs, prior to their differentiation and subsequent generation of insulin-producing pancreatic cells. This methodology follows the six-stage process for &#946;-cell directed differentiation, wherein hPSCs differentiate into definitive endoderm (DE), primitive gut tube, posterior foregut fate, pancreatic progenitors, pancreatic endocrine progenitors, and ultimately pancreatic &#946;-cells. It is noteworthy that this differentiation methodology takes a period of 27 days to generate human pancreatic &#946;-cells. The potential of insulin secretion was evaluated through two experiments, which included immunostaining and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in &amp;#946;-Cells Differentiation from Pluripotent Stem Cells

Optimized Protocol for Generating Functional Pancreatic Insulin-secreting Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Attaining a high and consistent efficiency in the differentiation process for converting pluripotent stem cells into human beta cells is a notable challenge. This challenge is influenced by the precision and the consistency with which the experimenter follows the protocol. Moreover, the amount of beta cells obtained in each experiment is quite variable, which may result in the reduced function of beta cells across multiple experiments.In the context of high leptin beta cell research in diabetes, the availability of cadaveric eyelet donors is quite limited. Consequently, the use of stem cell differentiated beta cells is offering an unlimited and abundant supply of insulin secreting cells. Beta cell differentiation is a pivotal advancement in our field, offering numerous benefits.It allows us to explore the development and function of beta cells, leading to a deeper understanding of diabetes causes and beta cell dysfunction. We aim to use this technique for our research focusing on the genetics of diabetes. Our primary objective is to focus on mutation of certain genes that can influence beta cells and eyelet function.So this protocol will facilitate the access to human eyelet derived from pre-potent stem cells with mutations of interest.

The protocol described in this paper offers a highly efficient approach for differentiating &#946;-like cells from hPSCs10. This process utilizes a 2D culture system that is easily scalable, enabling its use in various experimental settings, such as learning differentiation, smaller projects and laboratories, and pilot tests to assess the potential of an iPSC line for differentiation.
It is essential to characterize the functional properties of differentiated &#946;-cel...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in β-Cells Differentiation from Pluripotent Stem Cells at JoVE.com

This article presents a protocol for directed differentiation and functional analysis of &#946;-cell like cells. We describe optimal culture conditions and passages for human pluripotent stem cells before generating insulin-producing pancreatic cells. The six-stage differentiation progresses from definitive endoderm formation to functional &#946;-cell like cells secreting insulin in response to glucose.

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can differentiate into any kind of cell, making them an excellent alternative source of human pancreatic ...

optimized-protocol-for-generating-functional-pancreatic-insulin

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

1.1K vues.  Cell Biology and Functional Genomics. Atteindre une efficacité élevée et constante dans le processus de différenciation pour convertir les cellules souches pluripotentes en cellules bêta humaines est un défi de taille. Ce défi est influencé par la précision et la cohérence avec lesquelles l’expérimentateur suit le protocole. De plus, la quantité de cellules bêta obtenue dans chaque expérience est assez variable, ce qui peut entraîner une réduction de la fonction des cellules bêta dans plusieurs expériences.

Vidéo: Pleins feux sur l’auteur : Avancées et défis dans la différenciation des cellules β à partir de cellules souches pluripotentes

targeted muscle reinnervation: surgical protocol for a randomized controlled trial in postamputation pain

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Surgical Treatments for Postamputation Pain

The protocol outlines the surgical procedure&#160;for the treatment of postamputation pain using Targeted Muscle Reinnervation (TMR). TMR will be compared with two other surgical techniques, specifically Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) and neuroma excision, followed by immediate burying within muscle under the context of an international, randomized controlled...

Procedure for Targeted Muscle Reinnervation for Treating Postamputation Pain

https://cloudfront.jove.com/CDNSource/teasers/66379_b.jpg

preservation of porcine donation after circulatory death (dcd) liver by perfusion and orthotopic liver transplantation

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Machine Perfusion for Liver Transplantation

This protocol outlines the methodology of establishing a porcine model utilizing variable temperature-controlled Machine Perfusion (MP) for the preservation of the donor liver, followed by orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx). It aims to promote the success rate of OLTx using donor donation after circulatory death (DCD) liver and establish a stable...

Orthotopic Pig Liver Transplant Preservation Using Machine Perfusion

https://cloudfront.jove.com/CDNSource/teasers/65879_b.jpg

real-time polymerase chain reaction-based detection and quantification of hepatitis b virus dna

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Hepatitis B Virus Detection 

Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection and quantification of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA is a sensitive and accurate method for diagnosing and monitoring HBV infection. Here, we present a protocol for HBV DNA detection and the viral load measurement of a...

Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA in Human Serum

https://cloudfront.jove.com/CDNSource/teasers/66249_b.jpg

This article presents a protocol for directed differentiation and functional analysis of &#946;-cell like cells. We describe optimal culture conditions and passages for human pluripotent stem cells before generating insulin-producing pancreatic cells. The six-stage differentiation progresses from definitive endoderm formation to functional &#946;-cell like cells secreting insulin in response to...

https://cloudfront.jove.com/CDNSource/teasers/65530_b.jpg

technical considerations and approach to redo foregut surgery

Author Spotlight: Recent Advancements in Reoperative Foregut Surgery

Redo foregut surgery is associated with increased patient morbidity and presents a technical challenge for the surgeon. We describe our approach and considerations when performing a redo hiatal hernia repair to provide a guide for other surgeons and improve patient...

Reoperative Hiatal Hernia Repair

https://cloudfront.jove.com/CDNSource/teasers/65532_b.jpg

hand-rearing method for infant marmosets

Author Spotlight: Marmoset Research - Scope and Challenges 

Here, we describe a hand-rearing method for raising infant marmosets in an animal incubator. This method greatly increases the survival rate of marmoset infants, which provides the opportunity to study the development of marmoset infants with similar genetic backgrounds raised in different postnatal...

Enhancing Survival and Development of Marmosets Using a Hand-Rearing Approach

comparison of two representative methods for differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into mesenchymal stromal cells

Author Spotlight: Advancements in iPSCs and Genetic Disease Research 

This protocol describes and compares two representative methods for differentiating hiPSCs into mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The monolayer method is characterized by lower cost, simpler operation, and easier osteogenic differentiation. The embryoid bodies (EBs) method is characterized by lower time...

Characterizing Surface Antigens and Proliferation Ability in hiPSC-Driving MSCs

https://cloudfront.jove.com/CDNSource/teasers/65729_b.jpg

three-dimensional modeling of the left atrium and pulmonary veins with a precise intracardiac echocardiography approach

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Intracardiac Echocardiography for Atrial Anatomy Assessment 

Accurate intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) shows significant accuracy in estimating the left atrial structure, a prospective and promising cardiac structure estimation method. Here we propose a protocol for three-dimensional modeling of the left atrium and pulmonary veins with ICE and fast anatomical mapping (FAM) catheter...

ICE-Based 3D Remodeling for the Left Atrium and Pulmonary Vein

https://cloudfront.jove.com/CDNSource/teasers/65353_b.jpg

ultrafast laser-ablated nanoparticles and nanostructures for surface-enhanced raman scattering-based sensing applications

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Applications in Nanoparticle Synthesis Through Laser Ablation in Liquids 

Ultrafast laser ablation in liquid is a precise and versatile technique for synthesizing nanomaterials (nanoparticles [NPs] and nanostructures [NSs]) in liquid/air environments. The laser-ablated nanomaterials can be functionalized with Raman-active molecules to enhance the Raman signal of analytes placed on or near the...

Synthesizing Nanoparticles and Nanostructures via Laser Ablation

https://cloudfront.jove.com/CDNSource/teasers/65450_b.jpg

generation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived itenocytes via combined scleraxis overexpression and 2d uniaxial tension

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Cell and Tissue Engineering for Tendon Repair 

This article describes a procedure to produce iTenocytes by generating iPSC-derived mesenchymal stromal cells with combined overexpression of Scleraxis using a lentiviral vector and uniaxial stretching via a 2D...

Harnessing iPSC-Derived iTenocytes for Effective Cell-Based Therapy

https://cloudfront.jove.com/CDNSource/teasers/65837_b.jpg

epithelial cell infection analyses with shigella

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Understanding and Combatting &lt;em&gt;Shigella&lt;/em&gt; Infections

The present protocol describes infection assays to interrogate Shigella adherence, invasion, and intracellular replication using in vitro epithelial cell...

Protocols for Analyzing &lt;em&gt;Shigella&lt;/em&gt; Infection in Colonic Epithelial Cells

https://cloudfront.jove.com/CDNSource/teasers/66426_b.jpg

development of multiplex real-time rt-qpcr assays for the detection of sars-cov-2, influenza a/b, and mers-cov

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses 

We present two probe-based in-house one-step RT-qPCR kits for common respiratory viruses. The first assay is for SARS-CoV-2 (N), Influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2), and Influenza B. The second is for SARS-Cov-2 (N) and MERS (UpE and ORF1a). These assays can be successfully implemented in any specialized laboratory.