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	<li>Urboniene, D., Haber, I., Fang, Y. H., Thenappan, T., Archer, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Validation+of+high-resolution+echocardiography+and+magnetic+resonance+imaging+vs.+high-fidelity+catheterization+in+experimental+pulmonary+hypertension.">Validation of high-resolution echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging vs. high-fidelity catheterization in experimental pulmonary hypertension.</a> Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 299, 401-412 (2010).</li><li>Rottman, J. N., Ni, G., Brown, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Echocardiographic+evaluation+of+ventricular+function+in+mice.">Echocardiographic evaluation of ventricular function in mice.</a> Echocardiography. 24, 83-89 (2007).</li><li>West, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulmonary+hypertension+in+transgenic+mice+expressing+a+dominant-negative+BMPRII+gene+in+smooth+muscle.">Pulmonary hypertension in transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative BMPRII gene in smooth muscle.</a> Circ. Res. 94, 1109-1114 (2004).</li><li>Ghofrani, H. A., Seeger, W., Grimminger, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imatinib+for+the+treatment+of+pulmonary+arterial+hypertension.">Imatinib for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.</a> N. Engl. J. Med. 353, 1412-1413 (2005).</li><li>Gomberg-Maitland, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+dosing/cross-development+study+of+the+multikinase+inhibitor+sorafenib+in+patients+with+pulmonary+arterial+hypertension.">A dosing/cross-development study of the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.</a> Clin. Pharmacol. 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Physiol. 277, 1967-1974 (1999).</li><li>Suehiro, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+segmental+wall+motion+abnormalities+using+contrast+two-dimensional+echocardiography+in+awake+mice.">Assessment of segmental wall motion abnormalities using contrast two-dimensional echocardiography in awake mice.</a> Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ Physiol. 280, 1729-1735 (2001).</li><li>Jones, J. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Serial+noninvasive+assessment+of+progressive+pulmonary+hypertension+in+a+rat+model.">Serial noninvasive assessment of progressive pulmonary hypertension in a rat model.</a> Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 283, 364-371 (2002).</li><li>Devaraj, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+pulmonary+hypertension+with+multidetector+CT+and+echocardiography+alone+and+in+combination.">Detection of pulmonary hypertension with multidetector CT and echocardiography alone and in combination.</a> Radiology. 254, 609-616 (2010).</li><li>Kitabatake, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noninvasive+evaluation+of+pulmonary+hypertension+by+a+pulsed+Doppler+technique.">Noninvasive evaluation of pulmonary hypertension by a pulsed Doppler technique.</a> Circulation. 68, 302-309 (1983).</li><li>Yared, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulmonary+artery+acceleration+time+provides+an+accurate+estimate+of+systolic+pulmonary+arterial+pressure+during+transthoracic+echocardiography.">Pulmonary artery acceleration time provides an accurate estimate of systolic pulmonary arterial pressure during transthoracic echocardiography.</a> J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 24, 687-692 (2011).</li><li>Cheung, M. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Body+surface+area+prediction+in+normal,+hypermuscular,+and+obese+mice.">Body surface area prediction in normal, hypermuscular, and obese mice.</a> J. Surg. Res. 153, 326-331 (2009).</li><li>Patten, R. D., Hall-Porter, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Small+animal+models+of+heart+failure:+development+of+novel+therapies,+past+and+present.">Small animal models of heart failure: development of novel therapies, past and present.</a> Circ. Heart Fail. 2, 138-144 (2009).</li><li>Baumgartner, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Echocardiographic+assessment+of+valve+stenosis:+EAE/ASE+recommendations+for+clinical+practice.">Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice.</a> J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 22, 1-23 (2009).</li><li>Arkles, J. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Shape+of+the+right+ventricular+Doppler+envelope+predicts+hemodynamics+and+right+heart+function+in+pulmonary+hypertension.">Shape of the right ventricular Doppler envelope predicts hemodynamics and right heart function in pulmonary hypertension.</a> Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 183, 268-276 (2011).</li><li>Wiesmann, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+right+ventricular+function+in+healthy+mice+and+a+murine+model+of+heart+failure+by+in+vivo+MRI.">Analysis of right ventricular function in healthy mice and a murine model of heart failure by in vivo MRI.</a> Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 283, 1065-1071 (2002).</li><li>West, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+potential+role+for+Insulin+resistance+in+experimental+pulmonary+hypertension.">A potential role for Insulin resistance in experimental pulmonary hypertension.</a> Eur. Respir. J. , (2012).</li><li>Johnson, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cytoskeletal+defects+in+Bmpr2-associated+pulmonary+arterial+hypertension.">Cytoskeletal defects in Bmpr2-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension.</a> Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 302, L474-L484 (2012).</li><li>Johnson, J. A., West, J., Maynard, K. B., Hemnes, A. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ACE2+improves+right+ventricular+function+in+a+pressure+overload+model.">ACE2 improves right ventricular function in a pressure overload model.</a> PLoS One. 6, e20828 (2011).</li></ol>

יש המחברים אין לחשוף.

מודלים של עכברים של מחלה, או מהונדס או הקשורים להרעל, דורשים אימות פנוטיפי כי המודל בעצם מסכם את המחלות של בני האדם הוא נועד לחקות. אימות זה לעתים קרובות ניתן להשיג על ידי הנוכחות או היעדר של תכונה מסוימת, לדוגמא פיתוח של גידול. עם זאת, מודלים שיגרמו למומים המודינמית כג...

לחץ ריאתי מוגבר ועל שמאל חדרית חוסר תפקוד (RV) הם סימני ההיכר של מחלת כלי דם ריאתי במודלים של בעלי חיים ובני אדם חולים עם יתר לחץ דם ריאתי עורקים (PAH). מהונדס ומודלים רעילים (למשל monocrotaline או היפוקסיה) של PAH נמצאים בשימוש נרחב כדי לחקור את הפתופיזיולוגיה של PAH ולחקור טיפולים פוטנציאליים. בהתחשב בהוצאות והזמן הכרוכים ביצירת מודלים של בעלי חיים למחלות, זה קריטי, כי יש לחוקרים כלים כדי להעריך ביטוי פנוטיפי של מחלה באופן מדויק. אקו הוא עמוד התווך של ההערכה לא פולשנית של תפקוד חדר במודלים של מכרסמים 1,2. יש אקו היתרון של תרגום ברור לבני אדם בהם נעשה שימוש באותו הכלי. בנוסף, בחלק מהדגמים גנטיים תערוכת חדירנות לא מושלמת 3; היכולת לזהות noninvasively חיות מושפעות חוסכת זמן יקר ומשאבים. הערכה לא פולשנית של diseaחומרת se מבלי להקריב בעלי חיים גם מאפשרת לחוקרים ללמוד סדרתי את ההשפעות של טיפולי חקירה. זה חשוב במיוחד לאור המהירות שבה טיפולי translational יכולים להתקדם לניסויים בבני אדם 4,5. בבני אדם, הערכת אקו בגודל קרוואנים ויתר לחץ דם ריאתי היא מאתגרת במיוחד בשל מיקום retrosternal וצורה לא סדירה של קרוואנים 6. יש מודלים של מכרסמים אתגרים נוספים של גודל קטן ושיעורים מהירים מאוד לב (300-700 פעימה / min). ההתקדמות שחלה באחרונה, כולל מסגרת חליפין גבוהות יותר, זרם קטן יותר שיפרה את איכות תמונה והדמיה מודעת אף אפשרה בכמה פרוטוקולי ניסוי, למרות שרוב ההדמיה מכרסמים נעשית תחת ההרדמה 7,8. פרוטוקולי ניסוי מצוינים של אקו במודלים של עכברים של PAH תוארו ותוקפים נגד שני MRI ופרמטרים המודינמיים פולשנית 1,9. עם זאת אקו שפורסם,פרוטוקולים במודלים עכבריים של PAH חסרים. במאמר זה, אנו מתארים פרוטוקול להערכת RV ותפקוד כלי דם ריאתי במודל של עכברים של PAH עם מוטציה דומיננטית שלילית BMPRII ומודל של afterload קרוואנים הבודד לאחר פסי עורק ריאה, עם זאת, פרוטוקול זה הוא ישים לכל מחלות המשפיעים על כלי דם ריאתי או לב ימני. נתאר הכנת בעלי חיים והערכה מפורטת של גודל RV ותפקוד, כמו גם עורק ריאה ראשי גודל (הרשות הפלסטינית). אנחנו גם מדגימים את הטכניקות וחישובים דרושים כדי להעריך נפח פעימה ותפוקת לב. מגבלות טכניות מונעות הערכות דופלר מדויקות של לחץ ריאתי, אבל יש לנו ליישם פונדקאית תוקף היטב אדם, זמן האצת עורק ריאה, להעריך לחץ הרשות הפלסטינית.

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			<td height="55" style="height:55px;width:251px;">Vevo 770 High Resolution Micro-Ultrasound System</td>
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			<td style="width:247px;">get more info at www.visualsonics.com/products</td>
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			<td height="61" style="height:61px;width:251px;">Sterile H2O</td>
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			<td height="59" style="height:59px;width:251px;">6 in Cotton Tipped Applicators</td>
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echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in mice

מהונדס ומודלים רעילים של יתר לחץ דם ריאתי עורקים (PAH) נמצאים בשימוש נרחב כדי לחקור את הפתופיזיולוגיה של PAH ולחקור טיפולים פוטנציאליים. בהתחשב בהוצאות והזמן הכרוכים ביצירת מודלים של בעלי חיים למחלות, זה קריטי, כי יש לחוקרים כלים כדי להעריך ביטוי פנוטיפי של מחלה באופן מדויק. תפקוד לקוי של חדר ממני הוא הביטוי העיקרי של יתר לחץ דם ריאתי. אקו הוא עמוד התווך של ההערכה לא פולשנית של תפקוד חדר ממני במודלים של מכרסמים ויש את היתרון של תרגום ברור לבני אדם בהם נעשה שימוש באותו הכלי. פרוטוקולי אקו פורסם במודלים עכבריים של PAH חסרים. במאמר זה, אנו מתארים פרוטוקול להערכת RV ותפקוד כלי דם ריאתי במודל של עכברים של PAH עם מוטציה BMPRII שלילית דומיננטית, עם זאת, פרוטוקול זה הוא ישים לכל מחלות המשפיעות על כלי דם ריאתי או לב ימני. אנחנולספק תיאור מפורט של הכנת בעלי חיים, רכישת תמונה וחישוב המודינמית של נפח פעימה, תפוקת לב והערכה של לחץ בעורק ריאה.

המטרות העיקריות של פרוטוקול זה הן לכמת גודל RV ותפקוד, וכדי להבין את המידה שבה כלי דם ריאתי הוא חולה. ההיערכות מתאימה של ציוד הן את העכבר ואקו היא חיונית לקבלת תוצאות מדויקות ושחזור. עכברים צריכים להיות מקולף החזה שלהם וגפיים מאובטחים לפלטפורמת ההדמיה עם קלטת. הרדמה, ב?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Heart in Mice at JoVE.com

Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Heart in Mice

מאמר זה מספק פרוטוקול להערכת אקו בגודל חדר ממני ויתר לחץ דם ריאתי בעכברים. יישומים כוללים קביעת הפנוטיפ והערכה סידורי במהונדס ומודלי עכבר מושרה רעל של קרדיומיופתיה ומחלת כלי דם ריאתי.

אקו הערכה של הלב הימני בעכברים

Transgenic and toxic models of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are widely used to study the pathophysiology of PAH and to investigate potential ...

echocardiographic-assessment-of-the-right-heart-in-mice

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

22.7K Views.  Vanderbilt University Medical Center.  מאמר זה מספק פרוטוקול להערכת אקו בגודל חדר ממני ויתר לחץ דם ריאתי בעכברים. יישומים כוללים קביעת הפנוטיפ והערכה סידורי במהונדס ומודלי עכבר מושרה רעל של קרדיומיופתיה ומחלת כלי דם ריאתי. 

Video: Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Heart in Mice

Magnetic Resonance Derived Myocardial Strain Assessment Using Feature Tracking

Purpose: An accurate and practical method to measure parameters like strain in myocardial tissue is of great clinical value, since it has been shown, that strain is a more sensitive and earlier marker for contractile dysfunction than the frequently used parameter EF. Current technologies for CMR are time consuming and difficult to implement in clinical practice. Feature tracking is a technology that can lead to more automization and robustness of quantitative analysis of medical images with less time consumption than comparable methods.
Methods: An automatic or manual input in a single phase serves as an initialization from which the system starts to track the displacement of individual patterns representing anatomical structures over time. The specialty of this method is that the images do not need to be manipulated in any way beforehand like e.g. tagging of CMR images.
Results: The method is very well suited for tracking muscular tissue and with this allowing quantitative elaboration of myocardium and also blood flow.
Conclusions: This new method offers a robust and time saving procedure to quantify myocardial tissue and blood with displacement, velocity and deformation parameters on regular sequences of CMR imaging. It therefore can be implemented in clinical practice.

An accurate and practical method to measure parameters like strain in myocardial tissue is of great clinical value, since it has been shown, that strain is a more sensitive and earlier marker for contractile dysfunction than the frequently used parameter EF.

תהודה מגנטית נגזר מסננים הערכה שריר הלב באמצעות מעקב אחר תכונות

Purpose: An accurate and practical method to measure parameters like strain in myocardial tissue is of great clinical value, since it has been shown, that ...

Heterotopic Cervical Heart Transplantation in Mice

The heterotopic cervical heart transplantation in mice is a valuable tool in transplant and cardiovascular research. The cuff technique greatly simplifies this model by avoiding challenging suture anastomoses of small vessels thereby reducing warm ischemia time. In comparison to abdominal graft implantation the cervical model is less invasive and the implanted graft is easily accessible for further follow-up examinations. Anastomoses are performed by pulling the ascending aorta of the graft over the cuff with the recipient&#8217;s common carotid artery and by pulling the main pulmonary artery over the cuff with the external jugular vein. Selection of appropriate cuff size and complete mobilization of the vessels are important for successful revascularization. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury can be minimized by perfusing the graft with a cardioplegic solution and by hypothermia. In this article, we provide technical details for a simplified and improved cuff technique, which should allow surgeons with basic microsurgical skills to perform the procedure with a high success rate.

The cuff technique shortens and facilitates the model of heterotopic cervical heart transplantation in mice by avoiding technically challenging suture anastomoses of small vessels. The technical details shown in this video paper should allow researches to establish this model in their laboratories.

Heterotopic צוואר הרחם לב השתלה בעכברים

The heterotopic cervical heart transplantation in mice is a valuable tool in transplant and cardiovascular research. The cuff technique greatly simplifies ...

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet

An original piglet model of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) associated with chronic Right Ventricular (RV) dysfunction is described. Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) was induced in 3-week-old piglets by a progressive obstruction of the pulmonary vascular bed. A ligation of the left Pulmonary Artery (PA) was performed first through a mini-thoracotomy. Second, weekly embolizations of the right lower pulmonary lobe were done under fluoroscopic guidance with n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate during 5 weeks. Mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure (mPAP) measured by ritght heart catheterism, increased progressively, as well as Right Atrial pressure and Pulmonary Vascular Resistances (PVR) after 5 weeks compared to sham animals. Right Ventricular (RV) structural and functional remodeling were assessed by transthoracic echocardiography (RV diameters, RV wall thickness, RV systolic function). RV elastance and RV-pulmonary coupling were assessed by Pressure-Volume Loops (PVL) analysis with conductance method. Histologic study of the lung and the right ventricle were also performed. Molecular analyses on RV fresh tissues could be performed through repeated transcutaneous endomyocardial biopsies. Pulmonary microvascular disease in obstructed and unobstructed territories was studied from lung biopsies using molecular analyses and pathology. Furthermore, the reliability and the reproducibility was associated with a range of PH severity in animals. Most aspects of the human CTEPH disease were reproduced in this model, which allows new perspectives for the understanding of the underlying mechanisms (mitochondria, inflammation) and new therapeutic approaches (targeted, cellular or gene therapies) of the overloaded right ventricle but also pulmonary microvascular disease.

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) and Right Ventricular (RV) dysfunction were induced in piglets by progressive obstruction of the pulmonary arteries. Consequences were remarkably similar to those observed in CTEPH patients. This animal model would be a very useful tool for pathophysiology and therapeutic experiments on CTEPH and RV failure.

תרומבואמבוליים כרוני יתר לחץ דם ריאה והערכה של תפקוד ימין חדרית בחזרזיר

An original piglet model of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) associated with chronic Right Ventricular (RV) dysfunction is described. ...

Assessment of Cardiac Morphological and Functional Changes in Mouse Model of Transverse Aortic Constriction by Echocardiographic Imaging

Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice has been used as a valuable model to study mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure1. A reliable noninvasive method is essential to assess real-time cardiac morphological and functional changes in animal models of heart disease. Transthoracic echocardiography represents an important tool for noninvasive assessment of cardiac structure and function2. Here we used a high-resolution ultrasound imaging system to monitor myocardial remodeling and heart failure progression over time in a mouse model of TAC. B-mode, M-mode, and Doppler imaging were used to precisely assess cardiac hypertrophy, ventricular dilatation, and functional deterioration in mice following TAC. Color and pulse wave (PW) Doppler imaging was used to noninvasively measure pressure gradient across the aortic constriction created by TAC and to assess transmitral blood flow in mice. Thus transthoracic echocardiographic imaging provides comprehensive noninvasive measurements of cardiac dimensions and function in mouse models of heart disease.

The goal of this protocol is to noninvasively assess cardiac structural and functional changes in a mouse model of heart disease created by transverse aortic constriction, using B- and M-mode echocardiography and color/pulse wave Doppler imaging.

שינויים הערכה לב מורפולוגי תפקודי עכבר דגם של מועקה הרוחבית אב עורקים על ידי הדמית אקו

Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice has been used as a valuable model to study mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure1. A reliable ...

Echocardiographic Approaches and Protocols for Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Valvular Heart Disease in Mice

The aim of this manuscript and accompanying video is to provide an overview of the methods and approaches used for imaging heart valve function in rodents, with detailed descriptions of the appropriate methods for anesthesia, the echocardiographic windows used, the imaging planes and probe orientations for image acquisition, the methods for data analysis, and the limitations of emerging technologies for the evaluation of cardiac and valvular function. Importantly, we also highlight several future areas of research in cardiac and heart valve imaging that may be leveraged to gain insights into the pathogenesis of valve disease in preclinical animal models. We propose that using a systematic approach to evaluating cardiac and heart valve function in mice can result in more robust and reproducible data, as well as facilitate the discovery of previously underappreciated phenotypes in genetically-altered and/or physiologically-stressed mice.

This protocol provides a detailed description of the echocardiographic approach for comprehensive phenotyping of heart and heart valve function in mice.

גישות פרוטוקולים אקו לאפיון פנוטיפי מקיף של מסתמית מחלות לב בעכברים

The aim of this manuscript and accompanying video is to provide an overview of the methods and approaches used for imaging heart valve function in ...

Echocardiographic Measurement of Right Ventricular Diastolic Parameters in Mouse

Diastolic dysfunction is a prominent feature of right ventricular (RV) remodeling associated with conditions of pressure overload. However, the RV diastolic function is rarely quantified in experimental studies. This might be due to technical difficulties in the visualization of the RV in the apical four-chamber view in rodents. Here we describe two positions facilitating the visualization of the apical four-chamber view in mice to assess the RV diastolic function.
The apical four-chamber view is enabled by tilting the mouse fixation platform to the left and caudally (LeCa) or to the right and cranially (RiCr). Both positions provide images of comparable quality. The results of the RV diastolic function obtained from two positions are not significantly different. Both positions are comparably easy to perform. This protocol can be incorporated into published protocols and enables detailed investigations of the RV function.

Here we describe and compare two positions for obtaining the apical four-chamber view in mice. These positions enable the quantification of the right ventricular function, provide comparable results, and can be used interchangeably.

המדידה האקוקרדיוגרפית של פרמטרים של הימני החדרית בעכבר

Diastolic dysfunction is a prominent feature of right ventricular (RV) remodeling associated with conditions of pressure overload. However, the RV ...

Harvest of Endothelial Cells from the Balloon Tips of Swan-Ganz Catheters after Right Heart Catheterization

A variety of pathologies lead to pulmonary hypertension (PH), which is defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure exceeding 25 mmHg at rest. To further diagnose and manage PH, patients undergo repeated right heart catheterizations (RHC) wherein a Swan-Ganz catheter is advanced into a branch of the pulmonary artery and a balloon is inflated to wedge the catheter tip. This article illustrates a protocol whereby pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) may be harvested from the balloon tips of Swan-Ganz catheters after RHC, and purified with an anti- CD146 affinity column technique to purify putative PAECs. These cells might be used to provide an in situ snapshot of the biological state of the pulmonary vasculature endothelium to complement hemodynamic measurements obtained during RHC. Harvested and purified PAECs may be used for either cell culture or for subsequent analytical assays such as flow cytometery.

This protocol describes the removal and purification of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) that adhere to the balloon tips of Swan-Ganz catheters while they are wedged in the pulmonary artery during right heart catheterization and remain adherent to the deflated balloon following removal from the patient's body.

הקציר של תאי אנדותל של קצות בלון קטטר Swan-גנץ לאחר צנתור הלב הימני

A variety of pathologies lead to pulmonary hypertension (PH), which is defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure exceeding 25 mmHg at rest. To further ...

Assessment and Characterization of Hyaloid Vessels in Mice

In the eye, the embryonic hyaloid vessels nourish the developing lens and retina and regress when the retinal vessels develop. Persistent or failed regression of hyaloid vessels can be seen in diseases such as persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV), leading to an obstructed light path and impaired visual function. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the hyaloid vessel regression may lead to new molecular insights into the vascular regression process and potential new ways to manage diseases with persistent hyaloid vessels. Here we describe the procedures for imaging hyaloid in live mice with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and a detailed technical protocol of isolating and flat-mounting hyaloid ex vivo for quantitative analysis. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) knockout mice were used as an experimental model of persistent hyaloid vessels, to illustrate the techniques. Together, these techniques may facilitate a thorough assessment of hyaloid vessels as an experimental model of vascular regression and studies on the mechanism of persistent hyaloid vessels.

This protocol describes both in vivo and ex vivo methods to fully visualize and characterize hyaloid vessels, a model of vascular regression in mouse eyes, using optical coherence tomography and fundus fluorescein angiography for the live imaging and ex vivo isolation and subsequent flat mount of hyaloid for quantitative analysis.

הערכה ואפיון של אוניות היאלואיד בעכברים

In the eye, the embryonic hyaloid vessels nourish the developing lens and retina and regress when the retinal vessels develop. Persistent or failed ...

Transthoracic Echocardiographic Examination in the Rabbit Model

Large animal models such as the rabbit are valuable for translational preclinical research. Rabbits have a similar cardiac electrophysiology compared to that of humans and that of other large animal models such as dogs and pigs. However, the rabbit model has the additional advantage of lower maintenance costs compared to other large animal models. The longitudinal evaluation of cardiac function using echocardiography, when appropriately implemented, is a useful methodology for preclinical assessment of novel therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (e.g. cardiac regeneration). The correct use of this non-invasive tool requires the implementation of a standardized examination protocol following international guidelines. Here we describe, step by step, a detailed protocol supervised by veterinary cardiologists for performing echocardiography in the rabbit model, and demonstrate how to correctly obtain the different echocardiographic views and imaging planes, as well as the different imaging modes available in a clinical echocardiography system routinely used in human and veterinary patients.

Here we describe, step by step, a detailed protocol for performing echocardiography in the rabbit model. We show how to correctly obtain the different echocardiographic views and imaging planes, as well as the different imaging modes available in a clinical echocardiography system routinely used in human and veterinary patients.

בחינת החזה הקרדיוגרפית במודל הארנב

Large animal models such as the rabbit are valuable for translational preclinical research. Rabbits have a similar cardiac electrophysiology compared to ...

Invasive Hemodynamic Assessment for the Right Ventricular System and Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Mice

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic and severe cardiopulmonary disorder. Mice are a popular animal model used to mimic this disease. However, the evaluation of right ventricular pressure (RVP) and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) remains technically challenging in mice. RVP and PAP are more difficult to measure than left ventricular pressure because of the anatomical differences between the left and right heart systems. In this paper, we describe a stable right heart hemodynamic measurement method and its validation using healthy and PAH mice. This method is based on open-chest surgery and mechanical ventilation support. It is a complicated procedure compared to closed chest procedures. While a well-trained surgeon is required for this surgery, the advantage of this procedure is that it can generate both RVP and PAP parameters at the same time, so it is a preferable procedure for the evaluation of PAH models.

Here, we present a protocol to perform an invasive hemodynamic assessment of the right ventricle and pulmonary artery in mice using an open-chest surgery approach.

פולשנית הערכה היפודינמית עבור מערכת המוח הימני ואת ההיפוקסיה המושרה לחץ דם ריאתי בעכברים

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic and severe cardiopulmonary disorder. Mice are a popular animal model used to mimic this disease. ...