Name: a preclinical murine model of hepatic metastases
Uploaded: 2014-09-27T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 51 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Preclinical Murine Model of Hepatic Metastases at JoVE.com

KF e KO sono co primi autori insieme a KS Questo lavoro è stato supportato in parte dal AHPBA Fellowship (KS), NIH K23 CA148964-01 (LZ), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Clinical Scientist Award (LZ), Viragh Fondazione e l&#39;Skip Viragh pancreas Cancer Center della Johns Hopkins (EMJ e LZ), il Pancreas Fondazione Nazionale (LZ), il Lefkofsky Family Foundation (LZ), il SPORE NCI in tumori gastrointestinali P50 CA062924 (EMJ, LZ), la Fondazione Lustgarten (LZ), e le sovvenzioni Sol Goldman pancreas Cancer Center (KS , BHE, LZ).

Tutti gli esperimenti sugli animali conformi alle linee guida della Cura e uso Comitato Animale dell&#39;Università Johns Hopkins, e gli animali sono stati mantenuti in conformità con le linee guida dell&#39;Associazione per la valutazione e l&#39;accreditamento del Laboratorio Care (AAALAC). La procedura chirurgica viene effettuata in condizioni sterili in una sala operatoria che subisce un minimo di quindici ricambi d&#39;aria all&#39;ora. Tutti gli strumenti sono sterilizzati in autoclave prima della procedura e ancora con etanolo al 70% tra ogni mouse durante la procedura. Tutti i topi non si prevede di sopravvivere alla procedura chirurgica sono eutanasia in CO 2 per 3 min seguita da dislocazione cervicale mentre ancora sotto anestesia. 1 Cella Preparazione <ol><li> Risospendere le cellule in coltura Panc02 in tampone fosfato salino a 2 x 10 7 cellule / ml, e tenere su ghiaccio. </li></ol> 2 Preparazione del mouse <ol><li> Somministrare Ketamine (100 mg / kg) miscelato con xilazina (10 mg / kg) per via intraperitoneale a 8-12 settimane di età C57BL / 6 topi femmina in dosi frazionate. </li><li> Verificare che la punta ritiro pizzico riflesso è abolito per assicurare che il mouse è completamente anestetizzato. </li><li> Somministrare ulteriori dosi di ketamina (100 mg / kg) mescolato con xilazina (10 mg / kg) in quanto necessario per anestetizzare completamente i topi. </li><li> Applicare Puralube Vet unguento per gli occhi dei topi per evitare l&#39;essiccazione, mentre i topi sono sotto anestesia. </li><li> Radere l&#39;area chirurgica dei topi per evitare la contaminazione della ferita. </li><li> Prep zona sottocostale sinistra della incisione con il 70% di etanolo e poi iodio. </li><li> Posizionare un telo chirurgico intorno all&#39;addome per mantenere la sterilità. </li></ol> 3. laparotomia <ol><li> Fare una incisione sottocostale sinistra in linea con l&#39;orecchio sinistro attraverso la pelle e attraverso il peritoneo con un bisturi. </li><li> Esprimere la milza attraverso l&#39;incisione mediante l&#39;applicazione simultanea p digitaleressione lungo gli aspetti craniali e caudali dell&#39;incisione. </li><li> Individuare i vasi sanguigni splenici all&#39;estremità inferiore della milza. </li><li> Dividere la milza mettendo due Horizon medie dimensioni clip Ligating nel centro della milza facendo attenzione a non danneggiare i vasi sanguigni splenici ai poli splenici. </li><li> Inserire il polo superiore della milza indietro nel peritoneo per evitare la contaminazione. </li></ol> 4. Tumore iniezione <ol><li> Redigere 150 ml di tampone fosfato in un 26 G x 5/8 &quot;siringa. </li><li> Redigere 100 ml di Panc02 (2 x10 6 cellule) nella stessa siringa mantenendo la siringa in posizione verticale in qualsiasi momento durante l&#39;iniezione. </li><li> Immergere l&#39;ago in una soluzione di etanolo al 70%. L&#39;ago è immerso in etanolo al 70% per garantire la sterilità. </li><li> Iniettare le cellule lentamente nel hemispleen esposto essendo che la siringa sia mantenuta in posizione verticale in ogni momento. Lo smusso della Syringe occorre rilevare in ogni momento attraverso la capsula splenica evitare iniettando le cellule sotto la milza. Un sbiancamento dei vasi sanguigni e milza deve essere osservato dopo l&#39;iniezione. </li><li> Elevare la milza e applicare uno medio Horizon fermaglio sotto la milza per occludere i vasi sanguigni splenici. </li><li> Applicare una piccola clip Horizon per l&#39;aspetto più distale del pancreas e dei vasi splenici. </li><li> Legare il pancreas e vasi splenici dal hemispleen tagliando sopra le clip Horizon. </li><li> Posizionare il mouse sul &#39;lato, e irrigare l&#39;incisione con acqua distillata. </li></ol> 5. addominale Chiusura e recupero dall&#39;anestesia <ol><li> Chiudere il peritoneo con un punto 4-0 in esecuzione. </li><li> Applicare 2-3 clip della pelle per chiudere l&#39;incisione cutanea. </li><li> Somministrare 0,1 mg / kg di buprenorfina o di 5-10 mg / kg per via sottocutanea Carprofen per alleviare il dolore post chirurgico. </li><li> Posizionare il mouse su una piastra elettrica per recOvery fino mobile e il mouse dimostra modelli di respirazione regolare. Gli animali vengono restituiti solo alla compagnia di altri animali dopo riprendersi completamente dalla procedura chirurgica. </li></ol> 6. Necropsy Esame e raccolta del Fegato <ol><li> Tra 30 e 60 giorni dopo l&#39;intervento chirurgico, i topi cominciano a mostrare sintomi clinici di metastasi e richiederanno l&#39;eutanasia. Segni di malattia metastatica che richiedono l&#39;eutanasia umano includono addome allargata e lo sviluppo di ascite. Euthanize topi per inalazione di CO 2. </li><li> Dopo l&#39;inalazione, effettuare dislocazione cervicale. </li><li> Dopo che l&#39;animale è stato determinato per essere non reattivo, fare un&#39;incisione attraverso il peritoneo per esporre l&#39;addome con le forbici. </li><li> Utilizzo di pinze e forbici, tagliare delicatamente il fegato fuori dell&#39;addome. </li><li> Mettere il fegato in OCT, e flash congelare con azoto liquido. Conservare il fegato a -80 ° C. In alternativa, il vivor può essere fissato in 16% formalina tamponata neutra a temperatura ambiente per 24 ore e incluso in paraffina. </li></ol>

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Questo modello murino preclinico del pancreas metastasi del cancro al fegato tramite una tecnica di iniezione hemispleen è il primo modello descritto che rispecchia molte delle condizioni cliniche e immunologiche dei pazienti con malattia metastatica al fegato. Questo modello offre diversi vantaggi rispetto ad altri modelli murini. In primo luogo, a differenza dei modelli transgenici di cancro al pancreas in cui solo il 30% dei topi sviluppano metastasi al fegato e la tempistica della formazione di metastasi è abbasta...

Duttale del pancreas adenocarcinoma (PDA) è la quarta principale causa di decessi per cancro correlati negli Stati Uniti 1. La sopravvivenza a cinque anni per i pazienti con PDA metastatico è 2-12% 1. Anche se la chemioterapia adiuvante e neoadiuvante per il cancro del pancreas è oggi più efficace che mai, rimane ancora un disperato bisogno di nuove terapie. Lo sviluppo di nuove terapie richiede modelli affidabili animali preclinici. Sebbene i modelli tumorali sottocutanei sono semplici da usare, svantaggi includono l&#39;incapacità di questi tumori a metastatizzare e imitare la progressione del tumore e microambienti visto in tumori umani. Modelli geneticamente modificati, come il topo geneticamente modificato contenente Kras e p53 knock-in mutazioni oncogene (il modello KPC) 2 e il modello KPC con un lignaggio tracciante YFP (il modello PKCY) 3 consentono lo studio dei tumori presenti in natura in immunocompetetopi NT. Inoltre, il microambiente tumorale è inalterata e assomiglia più da vicino visto che nella progressione tumorale umano. Purtroppo, i tempi di sviluppo del tumore è variabile all&#39;interno di questi modelli, che lo rende difficile studiare terapie sperimentali. Inoltre, retroincroci di questi topi richiede una notevole quantità di tempo e di impegno finanziario, che non è sempre fattibile. Infine, modelli murini di xenotrapianto PDA impiantati, esigono topi, che hanno modificato o microambienti tumorali assenti immunocompromessi. Di conseguenza, l&#39;efficacia delle terapie sperimentali dimostrate in questi modelli preclinici spesso non sono riproducibili in studi clinici umani 4. Questo modello murino hemisplenectomy utilizza cellule tumorali Panc02, che sono una, metilcolantrene indotta pancreas linea di cellule tumorali altamente cancerogeno derivato da C57BL / 6 topi 5, 6. Inoltre, altre linee cellulari PDA murine derivate dal microfono KPCe può essere utilizzato in questo modello. Schulick et al. Hanno già sviluppato una tecnica hemisplenectomy e creato un modello singenico topo delle metastasi del cancro al colon 7. Questo modello hemisplenectomy (Figura 1) offre costante e pari inoculazione del tumore nei topi immunocompetenti si presta alla ricerca di nuovi agenti terapeutici 7-10.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Cell culture media and components</td><td></td><td></td><td>will vary depending on cell line</td></tr><tr><td>Phosphate Buffered Saline</td><td>Gibco by Life Technologies</td><td>10010-023</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15 ml centrifuge tubes</td><td>Corning</td><td>430052</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Curved Operating Scissor</td><td>Roboz Surgical Store</td><td>RS-6835</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micro Dissecting Graefe Forceps</td><td>Roboz Surgical Store</td><td>RS-5130</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Needle holder (regular)</td><td>World Precision Instruments, Inc</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3-0 or 4-0 suture</td><td></td><td></td><td>courtesy of dept of surgery, Johns Hopkins</td></tr><tr><td>Weck Horizon Open Ligating Clip Applier, small, angled</td><td>Teleflex</td><td>137085</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Weck Horizon Open Ligating Clip Applier, medium, angled</td><td>Teleflex</td><td>237115</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Weck Horizon medium ligating clips</td><td>Teleflex</td><td>002200</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Weck Horizon small ligating clips</td><td>Teleflex</td><td>001200</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Syringe, 1 cc, tb syringe, 3/8&quot; slip tip</td><td>Becton Dickinson</td><td>309625</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Syringe, 1 cc, tb syringe, 5/8&quot; slip tip</td><td>Becton Dickinson</td><td>309597</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9 mm Autoclip Applier</td><td>Mikron</td><td>427630</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9 mm Autoclip</td><td>Becton Dickinson</td><td>427631</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Heating pad</td><td>Sunbeam</td><td>CAT93</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>70% Ethanol</td><td></td><td></td><td>sold by numerous vendors</td></tr><tr><td>Ketamine Hydrochloride&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Hospira</td><td>22395DD</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Xylazine hydrochloride</td><td>Sigma</td><td>X1251</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

a preclinical murine model of hepatic metastases

Numerosi modelli murini sono stati sviluppati per studiare tumori umani e far progredire la comprensione del trattamento del cancro e di sviluppo. Qui, un preclinico, modello murino di tumore pancreatico di metastasi epatiche tramite un&#39;iniezione hemispleen delle cellule tumorali pancreatiche murine singeniche è descritto. Questo modello riproduce molte delle condizioni cliniche in pazienti con malattia metastatica al fegato. Mice costantemente sviluppano metastasi nel fegato permettendo indagine del processo metastatico, testing terapia sperimentale, e la ricerca del tumore immunologia.

Cellule tumorali Panc02 iniettate nel hemispleen (Figura 1) metastasi epatiche in forma al 100% dei topi, mentre il polmone e metastasi peritoneali non vengono rispettate se la tecnica è eseguita correttamente. Questa tecnica è stata effettuata su oltre un centinaio di topi utilizzando cellule Panc02 in più, esperimenti indipendenti, e riproducibile, tutti i topi non trattati morire con metastasi epatiche tra i 30 e 60 giorni dopo la procedura hemisplenectomy (Figura 2). Per ottenere...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Preclinical Murine Model of Hepatic Metastases at JoVE.com

A Preclinical Murine Model of Hepatic Metastases

Un preclinico, modello murino di metastasi epatiche effettuato tramite una tecnica di iniezione hemispleen.

Un preclinici Modello murino di metastasi epatiche

Numerous murine models have been developed to study human cancers and advance the understanding of cancer treatment and development. Here, a preclinical, ...

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28.5K Views.  The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.  Un preclinico, modello murino di metastasi epatiche effettuato tramite una tecnica di iniezione hemispleen. 

Video: A Preclinical Murine Model of Hepatic Metastases

Murine Bioluminescent Hepatic Tumour Model

This video describes the establishment of liver metastases in a mouse model that can be subsequently analysed by bioluminescent imaging. Tumour cells are administered specifically to the liver to induce a localised liver tumour, via mobilisation of the spleen and splitting into two, leaving intact the vascular pedicle for each half of the spleen. Lewis lung carcinoma cells that constitutively express the firefly luciferase gene (luc1) are inoculated into one hemi-spleen which is then resected 10 minutes later. The other hemi-spleen is left intact and returned to the abdomen. Liver tumour growth can be monitored by bioluminescence imaging using the IVIS whole body imaging system. Quantitative imaging of tumour growth using IVIS provides precise quantitation of viable tumour cells. Tumour cell death and necrosis due to drug treatment is indicated early by a reduction in the bioluminescent signal. This mouse model allows for investigating the mechanisms underlying metastatic tumour-cell survival and growth and can be used for the evaluation of therapeutics of liver metastasis. 

This article describes a procedure for the induction of orthotopic bioluminescent liver tumours in mice, and subsequent analysis of tumour growth confined to the liver using live whole body luminescence imaging.

Bioluminescent modello murino epatica Tumori

This video describes the establishment of liver metastases in a mouse model that can be subsequently analysed by bioluminescent imaging. Tumour cells are ...

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Medicina

Advanced Animal Model of Colorectal Metastasis in Liver: Imaging Techniques and Properties of Metastatic Clones

Patients with a limited number of hepatic metastases and slow rates of progression can be successfully treated with local treatment approaches1,2. However, little is known about the heterogeneity of liver metastases, and animal models capable of evaluating the development of individual metastatic colonies are needed. Here, we present an advanced model of hepatic metastases that provides the ability to quantitatively visualize the development of individual tumor clones in the liver and estimate their growth kinetics and colonization efficiency. We generated a panel of monoclonal derivatives of HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells stably labeled with luciferase and tdTomato and possessing different growth properties. With a splenic injection followed by a splenectomy, the majority of these clones are able to generate hepatic metastases, but with different frequencies of colonization and varying growth rates. Using the In Vivo&#160;Imaging System (IVIS), it is possible to visualize and quantify metastasis development with in vivo luminescent and ex vivo fluorescent imaging. In addition, Diffuse Luminescent Imaging Tomography (DLIT) provides a 3D distribution of liver metastases in vivo. Ex vivo fluorescent imaging of harvested livers provides quantitative measurements of individual hepatic metastatic colonies, allowing for the evaluation of the frequency of liver colonization and the growth kinetics of metastases. Since the model is similar to clinically observed liver metastases, it can serve as a modality for detecting genes associated with liver metastasis and for testing potential ablative or adjuvant treatments for liver metastatic disease.

The ability of metastatic clones to colonize distant sites depends on their proliferation capacity and/or their ability to survive in the host microenvironment without significant proliferation. Here, we present an animal model that allows quantitative visualization of both types of liver colonization by metastatic clones.

Avanzato modello animale di colorettale Metastasi nel fegato: tecniche di imaging e di proprietà di metastatici cloni

Patients with a limited number of hepatic metastases and slow rates of progression can be successfully treated with local treatment approaches1,2. ...

Ricerca sul cancro

Surgical Procedures and Methodology for a Preclinical Murine Model of De Novo Mammary Cancer Metastasis

A rate-limiting aspect of transgenic mouse models of mammary adenocarcinoma is that primary tumor burden in mammary tissue typically defines study end-points. Thus, studies focused on elucidating mechanisms of late-stage de novo metastasis are compromised, as are studies examining efficacy of anti-cancer therapies targeting mediators of metastasis in the adjuvant setting. Numerous murine mammary cancer models have been developed via targeted expression of dominant oncoproteins to mammary epithelial cells yielding models variably mimicking histopathologic and transcriptome-defined breast cancer subtypes common in women1. While much has been learned regarding the biology of mammary carcinogenesis with these models, their utility in identifying molecules regulating growth of late-stage metastasis are compromised as mice are typically euthanized at earlier time points due to significant primary tumor burden. Moreover, since a significant percentage of women diagnosed with breast cancer receive adjuvant therapy after surgical resection of primary tumors and prior to presence of detectable metastatic disease, preclinical models of de novo metastasis are urgently needed as platforms to evaluate new therapies aimed at targeting metastatic foci. To address these deficiencies, we developed a murine model of de novo mammary cancer metastasis, wherein primary mammary tumors are surgically resected, and metastatic foci subsequently develop over a 115 day post-surgical period. This long latency provides a tractable model to identify functionally significant regulators of metastatic progression in mice lacking primary tumor, as well as a model to evaluate preclinical therapeutic efficacy of agents aimed at blocking functionally significant molecules aiding metastatic tumor survival and growth.

Surgical Procedures and Methodology for a Preclinical Murine Model of De Novo Mammary Cancer Metastasis

Pre-clinical models evaluating adjuvant therapy targeting breast cancer metastasis are lacking. To address this, we developed a murine model of de novo pulmonary mammary adenocarcinoma metastasis, wherein therapies administered in the adjuvant setting (post surgical resection of primary tumors) can be evaluated for efficacy in impacting previously seeded pulmonary metastases.

Procedure chirurgiche e metodologia per un modello preclinico murino di<em&gt; De Novo</em&gt; Metastasi del cancro del mammario

A rate-limiting aspect of transgenic mouse models of mammary adenocarcinoma is that primary tumor burden in mammary tissue typically defines study ...

A Portal Vein Injection Model to Study Liver Metastasis of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. Liver metastasis is involved in upwards of 30% of cases with breast cancer metastasis, and results in poor outcomes with median survival rates of only 4.8 - 15 months. Current rodent models of breast cancer metastasis, including primary tumor cell xenograft and spontaneous tumor models, rarely metastasize to the liver. Intracardiac and intrasplenic injection models do result in liver metastases, however these models can be confounded by concomitant secondary-site metastasis, or by compromised immunity due to removal of the spleen to avoid tumor growth at the injection site. To address the need for improved liver metastasis models, a murine portal vein injection method that delivers tumor cells firstly and directly to the liver was developed. This model delivers tumor cells to the liver without complications of concurrent metastases in other organs or removal of the spleen. The optimized portal vein protocol employs small injection volumes of 5 - 10 &#956;l, &#8805; 32 gauge needles, and hemostatic gauze at the injection site to control for blood loss. The portal vein injection approach in Balb/c female mice using three syngeneic mammary tumor lines of varying metastatic potential was tested; high-metastatic 4T1 cells, moderate-metastatic D2A1 cells, and low-metastatic D2.OR cells. Concentrations of &#8804; 10,000 cells/injection results in a latency of ~ 20 - 40 days for development of liver metastases with the higher metastatic 4T1 and D2A1 lines, and &#62; 55 days for the less aggressive D2.OR line. This model represents an important tool to study breast cancer metastasis to the liver, and may be applicable to other cancers that frequently metastasize to the liver including colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinomas.

A surgical procedure was developed to deliver mammary tumor cells to the murine liver via portal vein injection. This model permits investigation of late stages of liver metastasis in a fully immune competent host, including tumor cell extravasation, seeding, survival, and metastatic outgrowth in the liver.

Un modello di iniezione vena porta del fegato per studiare metastasi del cancro al seno

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. Liver metastasis is involved in upwards of 30% of cases with breast ...

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

The absence of a clinically relevant animal model addressing the typical immune characteristics of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) has significantly impeded elucidation of the underlying mechanisms and development of innovative immunotherapeutic strategies. To develop an ideal animal model recapitulating human HCC, immunocompetent male C57BL/6J mice first receive a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injection to induce liver fibrosis, then receive histologically-normal oncogenic hepatocytes from young male SV40 T antigen (TAg)-transgenic mice (MTD2) by intra-splenic (ISPL) inoculation. Androgen generated in recipient male mice at puberty initiates TAg expression under control of a liver-specific promoter. As a result, the transferred hepatocytes become cancer cells and form tumor masses in the setting of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. This novel model mimics human HCC initiation and progression in the context of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and reflects the most typical features of human HCC including immune dysfunction.

Here, we describe the development of a clinically relevant murine model of liver cancer recapitulating the typical immune features of hepatocellular cancer (HCC).

Un modello di topo ortotopico oncogenico indotto dall'epatocito del cancro epatocellulare in aumento nell'impostazione dell'infiammazione epatica e della fibrosi

The absence of a clinically relevant animal model addressing the typical immune characteristics of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) has significantly impeded ...

Murine Model of Metastatic Liver Tumors in the Setting of Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

Liver ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury, a common clinical challenge, remains an inevitable pathophysiological process that has been shown to induce multiple tissue and organ damage. Despite recent advances and therapeutic approaches, the overall morbidity has remained unsatisfactory especially in patients with underlying parenchymal abnormalities. In the context of aggressive cancer growth and metastasis, surgical I/R is suspected to be the promoter regulating tumor recurrence. This article aims to describe a clinically relevant murine model of liver I/R and colorectal liver metastasis. In doing so, we aim to assist other investigators in establishing and perfecting this model for their routine research practice to better understand the effects of liver I/R on promoting liver metastases.

We describe in detail a clinically relevant colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) tumor model and the influence of liver ischemia reperfusion (I/R) in tumor growth and metastasis. This model can help to better understand the mechanisms underlying surgery-induced promotion of liver metastatic growth.

Modello Murine dei tumori metastatici del fegato nell'impostazione della lesione alla riperfusione dell'ischemia

Liver ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury, a common clinical challenge, remains an inevitable pathophysiological process that has been shown to induce ...

Portal Vein Injection of Colorectal Cancer Organoids to Study the Liver Metastasis Stroma

Hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a major component of the tumor microenvironment, play a crucial role in metastatic CRC progression and predict poor patient prognosis. However, there is a lack of satisfactory mouse models to study the crosstalk between metastatic cancer cells and CAFs. Here, we present a method to investigate how liver metastasis progression is regulated by the metastatic niche and possibly could be restrained by stroma-directed therapy. Portal vein injection of CRC organoids generated a desmoplastic reaction, which faithfully recapitulated the fibroblast-rich histology of human CRC liver metastases. This model was tissue-specific with a higher tumor burden in the liver when compared to an intra-splenic injection model, simplifying mouse survival analyses. By injecting luciferase-expressing tumor organoids, tumor growth kinetics could be monitored by in vivo imaging. Moreover, this preclinical model provides a useful platform to assess the efficacy of therapeutics targeting the tumor mesenchyme. We describe methods to examine whether adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of a tumor-inhibiting stromal gene to hepatocytes could remodel the tumor microenvironment and improve mouse survival. This approach enables the development and assessment of novel therapeutic strategies to inhibit hepatic metastasis of CRC.

Portal vein injection of colorectal cancer (CRC) organoids generates stroma-rich liver metastasis. This mouse model of CRC hepatic metastasis represents a useful tool to study tumor-stroma interactions and develop novel stroma-directed therapeutics such as adeno-associated virus-mediated gene therapies.

Iniezione di vena porta di organoidi del cancro del colon-retto per studiare le metastasi epatiche Stroma

Hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a major component of the ...

An Orthotopic Murine Model of Human Prostate Cancer Metastasis

Our laboratory has developed a novel orthotopic implantation model of human prostate cancer (PCa). As PCa death is not due to the primary tumor, but rather the formation of distinct metastasis, the ability to effectively model this progression pre-clinically is of high value. In this model, cells are directly implanted into the ventral lobe of the prostate in Balb/c athymic mice, and allowed to progress for 4-6 weeks. At experiment termination, several distinct endpoints can be measured, such as size and molecular characterization of the primary tumor, the presence and quantification of circulating tumor cells in the blood and bone marrow, and formation of metastasis to the lung. In addition to a variety of endpoints, this model provides a picture of a cells ability to invade and escape the primary organ, enter and survive in the circulatory system, and implant and grow in a secondary site. This model has been used effectively to measure metastatic response to both changes in protein expression as well as to response to small molecule therapeutics, in a short turnaround time.

This orthotopic model of human prostate cancer allows for quantification of tumor size, circulating tumor cells, and formation of distinct metastasis to the lung. As cells must escape the primary organ, enter the blood stream, and implant into a secondary site, this model effectively recapitulates the scenario in humans.

Un ortotopico Modello murino di Human Prostate Cancer Metastasi

Our laboratory has developed a novel orthotopic implantation model of  human prostate cancer (PCa). As PCa death is not due to the primary tumor, but  ...

Non-Invasive PET/MR Imaging in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Preclinical experimental models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that recapitulate human disease represent an important tool to study tumorigenesis and evaluate novel therapeutic approaches. Non-invasive whole-body imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) provides critical insights into the in vivo characteristics of tissues at the molecular level in real-time. We present here a protocol for orthotopic HCC xenograft creation with and without hepatic artery ligation (HAL) to induce tumor hypoxia and the assessment of their tumor metabolism in vivo using [18F]Fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO) and [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) PET/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Tumor hypoxia could be readily visualized using the hypoxia marker [18F]FMISO, and it was found that the [18F]FMISO uptake was higher in HCC mice that underwent HAL than in the non-HAL group, whereas [18F]FDG could not distinguish tumor hypoxia between the two groups. HAL tumors also displayed a higher level of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1&#945; expression in response to hypoxia. Quantification of HAL tumors showed a 2.3-fold increase in [18F]FMISO uptake based on the standardized value uptake (SUV) approach.

Here, we present a protocol to create orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts with and without hepatic artery ligation and perform non-invasive positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of tumor hypoxia using [18F]Fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO) and [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG).

Imaging PET/RM non invasivo in un modello murino ortotopico di carcinoma epatocellulare

Preclinical experimental models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that recapitulate human disease represent an important tool to study tumorigenesis and ...

A "Patient-Like" Orthotopic Syngeneic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis

The majority of cancer-related deaths are caused by the metastasis of the cancer rather than the primary tumor itself. Yet, the underlying mechanisms of cancer metastasis are still unclear. Animal models are essential for elucidating the mechanisms and for evaluating novel strategies for the treatment of metastatic cancers. Here, an in-depth description of a &#8220;patient-like&#8221; orthotopic syngeneic mouse model for exploring the mechanisms of metastasis of solid organ tumors is provided. The survival surgical implantation of BNL 1ME A.7R.1 mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cells directly into the liver (the organ of origin) of the inbred wild-type immune competent laboratory mouse strain, BALB/c is described. The success and reproducibility of this methodology recommends it for widespread use in elucidating the biological mechanisms of solid organ cancer metastasis.

The metastatic spread of cancer is the major cause of cancer-related deaths. We provide an in-depth description of our survival surgery methodology for establishing a &#8220;patient-like&#8221; orthotopic syngeneic mouse model system for studying the mechanisms of metastasis in solid organ tumors.

A &quot;paziente-Like&quot; ortotopico Singenico modello murino della carcinoma epatocellulare Metastasi

The majority of cancer-related deaths are caused by the metastasis of the cancer rather than the primary tumor itself. Yet, the underlying mechanisms of ...

Un preclinici Modello murino di metastasi epatiche

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