A Computer Vision System for the Assessment of Ice Cream Melting Behavior

Summary

Here, we present a protocol based on a computer vision system (CVS) to determine the melting behavior of multi-phase food systems.

Abstract

Melting behavior is one of the most important quality indices of ice cream. It is usually evaluated by gravimetric methods and expressed in terms of starting time and rate of melting. However, the aspect of ice cream during melting is also important because shape retention is linked to a good structure of the product. The protocol proposed here illustrates a computer vision system (CVS) that can be used to support the already existing gravitational methodology to calculate two new melting indices related to shape retention and melting rate. Pictures of ice cream during melting are taken every 15 min for a total of 90 min. Afterward, digital images are elaborated using a purposely developed image processing method to calculate ice cream area, height, and width. The ratio between height and width at each melting time, referred to the ratio at time 0 (R_t/R₀), is an index of the shape retention of ice cream, while the area at the different melting times referred to the area at time 0 (A_t/A₀) is related to the melting rate. This computer vision system allows the obtaining of highly sensitive and reliable results, and it can be applied not only to ice cream but also to different food matrices, such as whipped milk cream or egg albumen.

Introduction

Ice cream is a multi-phase system in which liquid, solid, and gas phases are strictly connected. The continuous liquid phase envelops air bubbles and ice crystals, and it contains partially crystallized fats, colloidal proteins, salts, sugars (eventually crystallized), and stabilizers. The ice cream composition varies depending on the local market requests and possible regulations. Although the processing technology affects the characteristics of the final ice cream, each constituent plays an important role in defining the product quality¹. Melting behavior is one of the most important quality indices of ice cream, considering phenomena occurri....

Protocol

​1. Experimental setup and procedures for melting trials

1. Ice cream sample preparation
   1. Choose transparent cups of fixed volume and shape, with lids. Cut two long stripes of baking paper about 2 cm in width, and, with the help of paper tape, fix them to the inside walls of the cup to form a cross at the bottom. Start to fill the cup with the ice cream sample by using a spatula.
      NOTE: Before starting, be sure that the ice cream has a temperature in the range of -7 °.......

Discussion

The proposed CVS allows the calculation of the shape and area retention indexes of ice cream samples during melting, besides visualizing the melting process. It can be coupled with the traditional gravimetric method applied to assess the melting behavior of ice cream⁵, to obtain results related to the aspect of the ice cream. This is very important because consumers evaluate its quality also based on the visual appearance of the product, and the ability to keep the shape during melting is linked t.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
Cabinet	Cavallo s.r.l.	FTX700	Location for the melting test
Digital camera	Sony Group Corp	DSC-S650
Digital scale	Gibertini Elettronica	EU-C 4002 LCD
ImagePro Plus 7.0	Media Cybernetics, Inc	N/A	Image analysis elaboration software
Microsoft Excel	Microsoft	N/A	Data and graphical elaboration
Scalecom	Gibertini Elettronica	N/A	Digital scale software acquisition
Tripod	Manfratto	#055