我々は、博士に感謝する。 LCMの支援のために本研究で使用したフライ株式、およびバージニアEspina、博士エマニュエルPetricoinと博士ランスリオッタを提供するための塩原-ティンニン月とウェスGrueber。著者らはこの研究の支援（DNC）とジョージメイソン大学の学長のオフィス（EPRI）のためにトーマスF.とケイトミラーJeffressメモリアルトラストを認める。

<ol>
	<li>Corty, M. M., Matthews, B. J., Grueber, W. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecules+and+mechanisms+of+dendrite+development+in+Drosophila.">Molecules and mechanisms of dendrite development in Drosophila.</a> Development. 136, 1049-1061 (2009).</li><li>Parrish, J. Z., Emoto, K., Kim, ., Jan, Y. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+that+regulate+establishment,+maintenance,+and+remodeling+of+dendritic+fields.">Mechanisms that regulate establishment, maintenance, and remodeling of dendritic fields.</a> Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 30, 399-423 (2007).</li><li>Wang, X., Starz-Gaiano, M., Bridges, T., Montell, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Purification+of+specific+cell+populations+from+Drosophila+tissues+by+magnetic+bead+sorting,+for+use+in+gene+expression+profiling.">Purification of specific cell populations from Drosophila tissues by magnetic bead sorting, for use in gene expression profiling.</a> Nature Protocols. , (2008).</li><li>Iyer, E. P. R., Iyer, S. C., Sulkowski, M. J., Cox, D. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+purification+of+Drosophila+peripheral+neurons+by+magnetic+bead+sorting.">Isolation and purification of Drosophila peripheral neurons by magnetic bead sorting.</a> J Vis Exp. 34, 2912-2917 (2004).</li><li>Tirouvanziam, R., Davidson, C. J., Lipsick, J. S., Herzenberg, L. A., Tirouvanziam, R., Tirouvanziam, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescence-activated+cell+sorting+(FACS)+of+Drosophila+hemocytes+reveals+important+functional+similarities+to+mammalian+leukocytes.">Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of Drosophila hemocytes reveals important functional similarities to mammalian leukocytes.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 101, 2912-2917 (2004).</li><li>Shigenobu, S., Arita, K., Kitadate, Y., Noda, C., Kobayashi, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+germline+cells+from+Drosophila+embryos+by+flow+cytometry.">Isolation of germline cells from Drosophila embryos by flow cytometry.</a> Dev. Growth Differ. 48, 49-57 (2006).</li><li>Reeves, N., Posakony, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+programs+activated+by+proneural+proteins+in+the+developing+Drosophila+PNS.">Genetic programs activated by proneural proteins in the developing Drosophila PNS.</a> Dev. Cell. 8, 413-425 (2005).</li><li>Jinushi-Nakao, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Knot/Collier+and+Cut+control+different+aspects+of+dendrite+cytoskeleton+and+synergize+to+define+final+arbor+shape.">Knot/Collier and Cut control different aspects of dendrite cytoskeleton and synergize to define final arbor shape.</a> Neuron. 56, 963-978 (2007).</li><li>Yang, Z., Edenberg, H. J., Davis, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+mRNA+from+specific+tissues+of+Drosophila+by+mRNA+tagging.">Isolation of mRNA from specific tissues of Drosophila by mRNA tagging.</a> Nucl. Acids Res. 33, (2005).</li><li>Appay, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sensitive+Gene+Expression+Profiling+of+Human+T+Cell+Subsets+Reveals+Parallel+Post-Thymic+Differentiation+for+CD4++and+CD8++Lineages.">Sensitive Gene Expression Profiling of Human T Cell Subsets Reveals Parallel Post-Thymic Differentiation for CD4+ and CD8+ Lineages.</a> J. Immunol. 179, 7406-7414 (2007).</li><li>Ginzinger, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+quantification+using+real-time+quantitative+PCR:+An+emerging+technology+hits+the+mainstream.">Gene quantification using real-time quantitative PCR: An emerging technology hits the mainstream.</a> Exp. Hematol. 30, 503-512 (2002).</li><li>Keays, K. M., Owens, G. P., Ritchie, A. M., Gilden, D. H., Burgoon, M. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laser+capture+microdissection+and+single-cell+RT-PCR+without+RNA+purification.">Laser capture microdissection and single-cell RT-PCR without RNA purification.</a> J. Immunol. Methods. 302, 90-98 (2005).</li><li>Volgin, D. V., Swan, J., Kubin, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+RT-PCR+gene+expression+profiling+of+acutely+dissociated+and+immunocytochemically+identified+central+neurons.">Single-cell RT-PCR gene expression profiling of acutely dissociated and immunocytochemically identified central neurons.</a> J. Neurosci. Methods. 136, 229-236 (2004).</li><li>Emmert-Buck, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laser+capture+microdissection.">Laser capture microdissection.</a> Science. 274, 998-1001 (1996).</li><li>Xiao, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+expression+profiling+in+embryonic+mouse+lenses.">Gene expression profiling in embryonic mouse lenses.</a> Mol. Vis. 12, 1692-1698 (2006).</li><li>Scharschmidt, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+human+osteoarthritic+connective+tissue+by+laser+capture+microdissection+and+QRT-PCR.">Analysis of human osteoarthritic connective tissue by laser capture microdissection and QRT-PCR.</a> Connect. Tissue Res. 48, 316-323 (2007).</li><li>Spletter, M. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=regulates+Drosophila+olfactory+projection+neuron+identity+and+targeting+specificity.">regulates Drosophila olfactory projection neuron identity and targeting specificity.</a> Neural Dev. 2, 14-14 (2007).</li><li>Hoopfer, E. D., Penton, A., Watts, R. J., Luo, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genomic+analysis+of+Drosophila+neuronal+remodeling:+a+role+for+the+RNA-binding+protein+Boule+as+a+negative+regulator+of+axon+pruning.">Genomic analysis of Drosophila neuronal remodeling: a role for the RNA-binding protein Boule as a negative regulator of axon pruning.</a> J. Neurosci. 28, 6092-6103 (2008).</li><li>Lee, T., Luo, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mosaic+analysis+with+a+repressible+cell+marker+for+studies+of+gene+function+in+neuronal+morphogenesis.">Mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker for studies of gene function in neuronal morphogenesis.</a> Neuron. 22, 451-461 (1999).</li><li>Grueber, W. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Projections+of+Drosophila+multidendritic+neurons+in+the+central+nervous+system:+links+with+peripheral+dendrite+morphology.">Projections of Drosophila multidendritic neurons in the central nervous system: links with peripheral dendrite morphology.</a> Development. 134, 55-64 (2007).</li><li>Song, W., Onishi, M., Jan, L. Y., Jan, Y. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Peripheral+multidendritic+sensory+neurons+are+necessary+for+rhythmic+locomotion+behavior+in+Drosophila+larvae.">Peripheral multidendritic sensory neurons are necessary for rhythmic locomotion behavior in Drosophila larvae.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 104, 5199-5204 (2007).</li><li>Espina, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laser+capture+microdissection.">Laser capture microdissection.</a> Nat. Prot. 1, 586-603 (2006).</li><li>Livak, K. J., Schmittgen, T. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+relative+gene+expression+data+using+real-time+quantitative+PCR+and+the+2(-Delta+Delta+C(T))+method.">Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method.</a> Methods. 25, 402-408 (2001).</li></ol>

利害の衝突は宣言されません。

本明細書において提示されるプロトコルは、LCMを経由してショウジョウバエ末梢神経細胞の単離のための私達の最適化方法を説明します。このLCMプロトコルが開発の三齢幼虫の段階から、単一の、クラス固有のまたは複数のショウジョウバエ DAニューロンの特定の単離のために設計されたものですが、プロトコルのマイナーな修正は、容易に全ての発生から他のショウジョウ...

設備： <ul><li>クライオスタット</li><li>スライド固定、洗浄、トリプシン処理、エタノール/キシレン脱水の場合は50 mlコニカルチューブ</li><li> -80℃の冷凍庫</li><li>インキュベーター</li><li> PixCell IIE LCMのインストゥルメントは、フルーアで300落射蛍光光学系は、EGFP（モレキュラーデバイス分子デバイス）用に最適化</li></ul>

laser capture microdissection of drosophila peripheral neurons

ショウジョウバエ末梢神経系（PNS）の樹状分枝（DA）ニューロンはクラス特有の樹状突起の形態形成の1,2の分子メカニズムを調査するための優れたモデルシステムを提供しています。クラス固有のDAニューロンの発達の分子解析を容易にするために、それは純粋な集団で、これらの細胞を得ることが不可欠です。異なる細胞、および組織特異的なRNAの分離技術の範囲は、磁気ビーズをベースセル精製3,4、蛍光活性化細胞選別（FACS）5-8、およびRNA結合タンパク質に基づいて戦略を9日のなしを含むショウジョウバエの細胞にもありますが、これらのメソッドは、容易に空間的な精度の高い単一または複数のクラス固有のショウジョウバエ DAニューロンを単離するために利用することができます。レーザーキャプチャーマイクロダイセクション（LCM）は、空間分解能と高精度に組織切片から特定の細胞型を分離するために使用できる非常に強力なツールとして登場しました。単離された細胞から得られたRNAは、その後、定量RT - PCRおよび特定の細胞型10月16日内マイクロアレイの発現プロファイリングを含む、解析に使用することができます。日付に、LCMは広く開発の三齢幼虫期におけるDAニューロンを含むショウジョウバエの組織や細胞17,18、の分析に適用されていない。 ここでは、LCMの赤外線（IR）クラスを使用してショウジョウバエの DAニューロンの単離のために私達の最適化されたプロトコルを提示する。このメソッドは、高い特異性と空間分解能を持つ単一の、クラス固有のまたは複数のDAニューロンのキャプチャが可能になります。年齢をマッチさせたUAS - mCD8を表現する三齢幼虫：：クラスIV DAニューロンの特定のPPK - GAL4 20ドライバーまたはパン- DAニューロン固有のどちらの制御下にGFP 19遺伝子21 - 7 - GAL4 21ドライバは、これらのために使用された実験。孤立したDAニューロンから得られたRNAは非常に高品質のものであり、直接定量RT - PCRやマイクロアレイ解析などのダウンストリームアプリケーションに使用できます。さらに、このLCMプロトコルが容易にGFPの細胞型特異的、GAL4 -ドリブン発現パターンに応じて、さまざまな開発段階に依存する他のショウジョウバエの細胞タイプをキャプチャするために適応させることができます。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Laser Capture Microdissection of Drosophila Peripheral Neurons at JoVE.com

Laser Capture Microdissection of Drosophila Peripheral Neurons

このビデオ、記事では、単一または複数単離するための方法を提示<em&gt;ショウジョウバエ</em赤外線キャプチャ（IR）レーザーキャプチャーマイクロダイセクション（LCM）のクラスを使用して、三齢幼虫から&gt; DAニューロン。分離された神経細胞から得られたRNAは、容易に定量RT - PCRやマイクロアレイ解析などのダウンストリームアプリケーションに使用することができます。

のレーザーキャプチャーマイクロダイセクションショウジョウバエ末梢ニューロン

The dendritic arborization (da) neurons of the Drosophila peripheral nervous system (PNS) provide an excellent model system in which to investigate the ...

laser-capture-microdissection-of-drosophila-peripheral-neurons

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Laser Capture Microdissection of Drosophila Peripheral Neurons

13.4K ビュー.  George Mason University. このビデオ、記事では、単一または複数単離するための方法を提示ショウジョウバエ DAニューロン。分離された神経細胞から得られたRNAは、容易に定量RT - PCRやマイクロアレイ解析などのダウンストリームアプリケーションに使用?...

ビデオ: Laser Capture Microdissection of Drosophila Peripheral Neurons

Morphological Analysis of Drosophila Larval Peripheral Sensory Neuron Dendrites and Axons Using Genetic Mosaics

Nervous system development requires the correct specification of neuron position and identity, followed by accurate neuron class-specific dendritic development and axonal wiring. Recently the dendritic arborization (DA) sensory neurons of the Drosophila larval peripheral nervous system (PNS) have become powerful genetic models in which to elucidate both general and class-specific mechanisms of neuron differentiation.
There are four main DA neuron classes (I-IV)1. They are named in order of increasing dendrite arbor complexity, and have class-specific differences in the genetic control of their differentiation2-10. The DA sensory system is a practical model to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the control of dendritic morphology11-13 because: 1) it can take advantage of the powerful genetic tools available in the fruit fly, 2) the DA neuron dendrite arbor spreads out in only 2 dimensions beneath an optically clear larval cuticle making it easy to visualize with high resolution in vivo, 3) the class-specific diversity in dendritic morphology facilitates a comparative analysis to find key elements controlling the formation of simple vs. highly branched dendritic trees, and 4) dendritic arbor stereotypical shapes of different DA neurons facilitate morphometric statistical analyses.
DA neuron activity modifies the output of a larval locomotion central pattern generator14-16. The different DA neuron classes have distinct sensory modalities, and their activation elicits different behavioral responses14,16-20. Furthermore different classes send axonal projections stereotypically into the Drosophila larval central nervous system in the ventral nerve cord (VNC)21. These projections terminate with topographic representations of both DA neuron sensory modality and the position in the body wall of the dendritic field7,22,23. Hence examination of DA axonal projections can be used to elucidate mechanisms underlying topographic mapping7,22,23, as well as the wiring of a simple circuit modulating larval locomotion14-17.
We present here a practical guide to generate and analyze genetic mosaics24 marking DA neurons via MARCM (Mosaic Analysis with a Repressible Cell Marker)1,10,25 and Flp-out22,26,27 techniques (summarized in Fig. 1).

Morphological Analysis of Drosophila Larval Peripheral Sensory Neuron Dendrites and Axons Using Genetic Mosaics

The dendritic arborization sensory neurons of the Drosophila larval peripheral nervous system are useful models to elucidate both general and neuron class-specific mechanisms of neuron differentiation. We present a practical guide to generate and analyze dendritic arborization neuron genetic mosaics.

の形態素解析ショウジョウバエ</em遺伝モザイクを使用>幼虫末梢感覚ニューロンの樹状突起と軸索

Nervous system development requires the correct specification of neuron position and identity, followed by accurate neuron class-specific dendritic ...

神経科学

Non-Laser Capture Microscopy Approach for the Microdissection of Discrete Mouse Brain Regions for Total RNA Isolation and Downstream Next-Generation Sequencing and Gene Expression Profiling

As technological platforms, approaches such as next-generation sequencing, microarray, and qRT-PCR have great promise for expanding our understanding of the breadth of molecular regulation. Newer approaches such as high-resolution RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq)1 provides new and expansive information about tissue- or state-specific expression such as relative transcript levels, alternative splicing, and micro RNAs2-4. Prospects for employing the RNA-Seq method in comparative whole transcriptome profiling5 within discrete tissues or between phenotypically distinct groups of individuals affords new avenues for elucidating molecular mechanisms involved in both normal and abnormal physiological states. Recently, whole transcriptome profiling has been performed on human brain tissue, identifying gene expression differences associated with disease progression6. However, the use of next-generation sequencing has yet to be more widely integrated into mammalian studies.
Gene expression studies in mouse models have reported distinct profiles within various brain nuclei using laser capture microscopy (LCM) for sample excision7,8. While LCM affords sample collection with single-cell and discrete brain region precision, the relatively low total RNA yields from the LCM approach can be prohibitive to RNA-Seq and other profiling approaches in mouse brain tissues and may require sub-optimal sample amplification steps. Here, a protocol is presented for microdissection and total RNA extraction from discrete mouse brain regions. Set-diameter tissue corers are used to isolate 13 tissues from 750-&mu;m serial coronal sections of an individual mouse brain. Tissue micropunch samples are immediately frozen and archived. Total RNA is obtained from the samples using magnetic bead-enabled total RNA isolation technology. Resulting RNA samples have adequate yield and quality for use in downstream expression profiling. This microdissection strategy provides a viable option to existing sample collection strategies for obtaining total RNA from discrete brain regions, opening possibilities for new gene expression discoveries.

Non-Laser Capture Microscopy Approach for the Microdissection of Discrete Mouse Brain Regions for Total RNA Isolation and Downstream Next-Generation Sequencing and Gene Expression Profiling  |

RNA expression profiling of discrete mouse brain regions requires a precise and repeatable tissue collection strategy. A protocol that uses both coronal brain sectioning and tissue corer-assisted microdissection is described here. The yield and quality of total RNA obtained from the resulting samples confirms the utility of the outlined method.

トータルRNAの単離およびダウンストリーム次世代シーケンシングと遺伝子発現プロファイリングのための離散マウスの脳領域のマイクロダイセクションのための非レーザーキャプチャー顕微鏡のアプローチ

As technological platforms, approaches such as next-generation sequencing, microarray, and qRT-PCR have great promise for expanding our understanding of ...

Laser Capture Microdissection of Enriched Populations of Neurons or Single Neurons for Gene Expression Analysis After Traumatic Brain Injury

Long-term cognitive disability after TBI is associated with injury-induced neurodegeneration in the hippocampus-a region in the medial temporal lobe that is critical for learning, memory and executive function.1,2 Hence our studies focus on gene expression analysis of specific neuronal populations in distinct subregions of the hippocampus. The technique of laser capture microdissection (LCM), introduced in 1996 by Emmert-Buck, et al.,3 has allowed for significant advances in gene expression analysis of single cells and enriched populations of cells from heterogeneous tissues such as the mammalian brain that contains thousands of functional cell types.4 We use LCM and a well established rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) to investigate the molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of TBI. Following fluid-percussion TBI, brains are removed at pre-determined times post-injury, immediately frozen on dry ice, and prepared for sectioning in a cryostat. The rat brains can be embedded in OCT and sectioned immediately, or stored several months at -80 &deg;C before sectioning for laser capture microdissection. Additionally, we use LCM to study the effects of TBI on circadian rhythms. For this, we capture neurons from the suprachiasmatic nuclei that contain the master clock of the mammalian brain. Here, we demonstrate the use of LCM to obtain single identified neurons (injured and degenerating, Fluoro-Jade-positive, or uninjured, Fluoro-Jade-negative) and enriched populations of hippocampal neurons for subsequent gene expression analysis by real time PCR and/or whole-genome microarrays. These LCM-enabled studies have revealed that the selective vulnerability of anatomically distinct regions of the rat hippocampus are reflected in the different gene expression profiles of different populations of neurons obtained by LCM from these distinct regions. The results from our single-cell studies, where we compare the transcriptional profiles of dying and adjacent surviving hippocampal neurons, suggest the existence of a cell survival rheostat that regulates cell death and survival after TBI.

We describe how to use laser capture microdissection (LCM) to obtain enriched populations of hippocampal neurons or single neurons from frozen sections of the injured rat brain for subsequent gene expression analysis using quantitative real time PCR and/or whole-genome microarrays.

外傷性脳損傷後の神経細胞や遺伝子発現解析のための単一ニューロンの濃縮された集団のレーザーキャプチャーマイクロダイセクション

Long-term cognitive disability after TBI is associated with injury-induced neurodegeneration in the hippocampus-a region in the medial temporal lobe that ...

Laser Capture Microdissection of Neurons from Differentiated Human Neuroprogenitor Cells in Culture

Neuroprogenitor cells (NPCs) isolated from the human fetal brain were expanded under proliferative conditions in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) to provide an abundant supply of cells. NPCs were differentiated in the presence of a new combination of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), dibutyryl cAMP (DBC) and retinoic acid on dishes coated with poly-L-lysine and mouse laminin to obtain neuron-rich cultures. NPCs were also differentiated in the absence of neurotrophins, DBC and retinoic acid and in the presence of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) to yield astrocyte-rich cultures. Differentiated NPCs were characterized by immunofluorescence staining for a panel of neuronal markers including NeuN, synapsin, acetylcholinesterase, synaptophysin and GAP43. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and STAT3, astrocyte markers, were detected in 10-15% of differentiated NPCs. To facilitate cell-type specific molecular characterization, laser capture microdissection was performed to isolate neurons cultured on polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) membrane slides. The methods described in this study provide valuable tools to advance our understanding of the molecular mechanism of neurodegeneration.

Human neuroprogenitor cells (NPCs) were expanded under proliferating conditions. NPCs were differentiated into neuron-rich cultures in the presence of a combination of neurotrophins. Neuronal markers were detected by immunofluorescence staining. To isolate a pure population of neurons, NPCs were differentiated on PEN membrane slides and laser capture microdissection was performed.

文化における分化したヒト神経前駆細胞からの神経細胞のレーザーキャプチャーマイクロダイセクション

Neuroprogenitor cells (NPCs) isolated from the human fetal brain were expanded under proliferative conditions in the presence of epidermal growth factor ...

Production of RNA for Transcriptomic Analysis from Mouse Spinal Cord Motor Neuron Cell Bodies by Laser Capture Microdissection

Preparation of high-quality RNA from cells of interest is critical to precise and meaningful analysis of transcriptional differences among cell types or between the same cell type in health and disease or following pharmacologic treatments.&#160;In the spinal cord, such preparation from motor neurons, the target of interest in many neurologic and neurodegenerative diseases, is complicated by the fact that motor neurons represent &#60;10% of the total cell population.&#160;Laser capture microdissection (LMD) has been developed to address this problem.&#160;Here, we describe a protocol to quickly recover, freeze, and section mouse spinal cord to avoid RNA damage by endogenous and exogenous RNases, followed by staining with Azure B in 70% ethanol to identify the motor neurons while keeping endogenous RNase inhibited.&#160;LMD is then used to capture the stained neurons directly into guanidine thiocyanate lysis buffer, maintaining RNA integrity.&#160;Standard techniques are used to recover the total RNA and measure its integrity.&#160;This material can then be used for downstream analysis of the transcripts by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR.

High-quality total RNA has been prepared from cell bodies of mouse spinal cord motor neurons by laser capture microdissection after staining spinal cord sections with Azure B in 70% ethanol.&#160;Sufficient RNA (~40-60 ng) is recovered from 3,000-4,000 motor neurons to allow downstream RNA analysis by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR.

レーザー捕捉マイクロ解離によるマウス脊髄運動ニューロン細胞体からの転写解析のためのRNAの生成

Preparation of high-quality RNA from cells of interest is critical to precise and meaningful analysis of transcriptional differences among cell types or ...

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with poorly understood pathophysiology and typically treated with the mood stabilizer, lithium carbonate. Animal studies as well as human genetic studies indicate that lithium affects molecular targets that are involved in neuronal growth, survival and maturation, and notably molecules involved in Wnt signaling. Given the ethical challenge to obtaining brain biopsies for investigating dynamic molecular changes associated with lithium-response in the central nervous system (CNS), one may consider the use of neurons obtained from olfactory tissues to achieve this goal.The olfactory epithelium contains olfactory receptor neurons at different stages of development and glial-like supporting cells. This provides a unique opportunity to study dynamic changes in the CNS of patients with neuropsychiatric diseases, using olfactory tissue safely obtained from nasal biopsies. To overcome the drawback posed by substantial contamination of biopsied olfactory tissue with non-neuronal cells, a novel approach to obtain enriched neuronal cell populations was developed by combining nasal biopsies with laser-capture microdissection. In this study, a system for investigating treatment-associated dynamic molecular changes in neuronal tissue was developed and validated, using a small pilot sample of BD patients recruited for the study of the molecular mechanisms of lithium treatment response.

In this study, a novel platform to investigate intraneuronal molecular signatures of treatment response in bipolar disorder (BD) was developed and validated. Olfactory epithelium from BD patients was obtained through nasal biopsies. Then laser-capture microdissection was combined with Real Time RT PCR to investigate the molecular signature of lithium response in BD.

レーザーキャプチャーマイクロダイセクションで鼻生検併用して得られた嗅覚ニューロン：精神疾患における治療応答を研究するために潜在的なアプローチ

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with poorly understood pathophysiology and typically treated with the mood stabilizer, lithium ...

Laser Capture Microdissection - A Demonstration of the Isolation of Individual Dopamine Neurons and the Entire Ventral Tegmental Area

Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is used to isolate a concentrated population of individual cells or precise anatomical regions of tissue from tissue sections on a microscope slide. When combined with immunohistochemistry, LCM can be used to isolate individual cells types based on a specific protein marker. Here, the LCM technique is described for collecting a specific population of dopamine neurons directly labeled with&#160;tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry and for isolation of the dopamine neuron containing region of the ventral tegmental area using indirect tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry on a section adjacent to those used for LCM. An infrared (IR) capture laser is used to both dissect individual neurons as well as the ventral tegmental area off glass slides and onto an LCM cap for analysis. Complete dehydration of the tissue with 100% ethanol and xylene is critical. The combination of the IR capture laser and the ultraviolet (UV) cutting laser is used to isolate individual dopamine neurons or the ventral tegmental area when using PEN membrane slides. A PEN membrane slide has significant advantages over a glass slide as it offers better consistency in capturing and collecting cells, is faster collecting large pieces of tissue, is less reliant on dehydration and results in complete removal of the tissue from the slide. Although removal of large areas of tissue from a glass slide is feasible, it is considerably more time consuming and frequently leaves some residual tissue behind. Data shown here demonstrate that RNA of sufficient quantity and quality can be obtained using these procedures for quantitative PCR measurements. Although RNA and DNA are the most commonly isolated molecules from tissue and cells collected with LCM, isolation and measurement of microRNA, protein and epigenetic changes in DNA can also benefit from the enhanced anatomical and cellular resolution obtained using LCM.

The isolation of individual dopamine neurons or the ventral tegmental area with direct or indirect immunohistochemistry is demonstrated using laser capture microdissection. Parameters for isolation of tissue from a glass slide using an infrared laser and from membrane slides using the combination of an infrared and ultraviolet laser are discussed.

レーザーキャプチャーマイクロダイセクション - 個々のドーパミンニューロンの単離と全体の腹側被蓋領域の実証

Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is used to isolate a concentrated population of individual cells or precise anatomical regions of tissue from tissue ...

Stereotactic Atlas-Guided Laser Capture Microdissection of Brain Regions Affected by Traumatic Injury

The ability to isolate specific brain regions of interest can be impeded in tissue disassociation techniques that do not preserve their spatial distribution. Such techniques also potentially skew gene expression analysis because the process itself can alter expression patterns in individual cells. Here we describe a laser capture microdissection (LCM) method to selectively collect specific brain regions affected by traumatic brain injury (TBI) by using a modified Nissl (cresyl violet) staining protocol and the guidance of a rat brain atlas. LCM provides access to brain regions in their native positions and the ability to use anatomical landmarks for identification of each specific region. To this end, LCM has been used previously to examine brain region specific gene expression in TBI. This protocol allows examination of TBI-induced alterations in gene and microRNA expression in distinct brain areas within the same animal. The principles of this protocol can be amended and applied to a wide range of studies examining genomic expression in other disease and/or animal models.

We describe the use of laser capture microdissection to obtain samples of distinct cell populations from different brain regions for gene and microRNA analysis. This technique allows the study of differential effects of traumatic brain injury in specific regions of the rat brain.

外傷によって影響を受ける脳のレーザーキャプチャーマイクロダイ セクション定位アトラス誘導レーザー

The ability to isolate specific brain regions of interest can be impeded in tissue disassociation techniques that do not preserve their spatial ...

Optimization of Laser-Capture Microdissection for the Isolation of Enteric Ganglia from Fresh-Frozen Human Tissue

The purpose of this method is to obtain high-integrity RNA samples from enteric ganglia collected from unfixed, freshly-resected human intestinal tissue using laser capture microdissection (LCM). We have identified five steps in the workflow that are crucial for obtaining RNA isolates from enteric ganglia with sufficiently high quality and quantity for RNA-seq. First, when preparing intestinal tissue, each sample must have all excess liquid removed by blotting prior to flattening the serosa as much as possible across the bottom of large base molds. Samples are then quickly frozen atop a slurry of dry ice and 2-methylbutane. Second, when sectioning the tissue, it is important to position cryomolds so that intestinal sections parallel the full plane of the myenteric plexus, thereby yielding the greatest surface area of enteric ganglia per slide. Third, during LCM, polyethylene napthalate (PEN)-membrane slides offer the greatest speed and flexibility in outlining the non-uniform shapes of enteric ganglia when collecting enteric ganglia. Fourth, for distinct visualization of enteric ganglia within sections, ethanol-compatible dyes, like Cresyl Violet, offer excellent preservation of RNA integrity relative to aqueous dyes. Finally, for the extraction of RNA from captured ganglia, we observed differences between commercial RNA extraction kits that yielded superior RNA quantity and quality, while eliminating DNA contamination. Optimization of these factors in the current protocol greatly accelerates the workflow and yields enteric ganglia samples with exceptional RNA quality and quantity.

The goal of this protocol is to obtain high-integrity RNA samples from enteric ganglia isolated from unfixed, freshly-resected human intestinal tissue using laser capture microdissection (LCM). This protocol involves preparing flash-frozen samples of human intestinal tissue, cryosectioning, ethanolic staining and dehydration, LCM, and RNA extraction.

新鮮凍結ひと組織から腸管神経節の隔離のためのレーザー キャプチャ レーザーマイクロダイ セクションの最適化

The purpose of this method is to obtain high-integrity RNA samples from enteric ganglia collected from unfixed, freshly-resected human intestinal tissue ...

Laser Capture Microdissection of Glioma Subregions for Spatial and Molecular Characterization of Intratumoral Heterogeneity, Oncostreams, and Invasion

Gliomas are primary brain tumors characterized by their invasiveness and heterogeneity. Specific histological patterns such as pseudopalisades, microvascular proliferation, mesenchymal transformation and necrosis characterize the histological heterogeneity of high-grade gliomas. Our laboratory has demonstrated that the presence of high densities of mesenchymal cells, named oncostreams, correlate with tumor malignancy. We have developed a unique approach to understand the mechanisms that underlie glioma&#39;s growth and invasion. Here, we describe a comprehensive protocol that utilizes laser capture microdissection (LMD) and RNA sequencing to analyze differential mRNA expression of intra-tumoral heterogeneous multicellular structures (i.e., mesenchymal areas or areas of tumor invasion). This method maintains good tissue histology and RNA integrity. Perfusion, freezing, embedding, sectioning, and staining were optimized to preserve morphology and obtain high-quality laser microdissection samples. The results indicate that perfusion of glioma bearing mice using 30% sucrose provides good morphology and RNA quality. In addition, staining tumor sections with 4% Cresyl violet and 0.5% eosin results in good nuclear and cellular staining, while preserving RNA integrity. The method described is sensitive and highly reproducible and it can be utilized to study tumor morphology in various tumor models. In summary, we describe a complete method to perform LMD that preserves morphology and RNA quality for sequencing to study the molecular features of heterogeneous multicellular structures within solid tumors.

Laser microdissection (LMD) is a sensitive and highly reproducible technique that can be used to uncover pathways that mediate glioma heterogeneity and invasion. Here, we describe an optimized protocol to isolate discrete areas from glioma tissue using laser LMD followed by transcriptomic analysis.