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Case Western Reserve University

39 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

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Biology

Surgical Induction of Endolymphatic Hydrops by Obliteration of the Endolymphatic Duct
Cliff A. Megerian 1, Chris Heddon 1, Sami Melki 1, Suhael Momin 1, Janis Paulsey 1, Joy Obokhare 1, Kumar Alagramam 1
1Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University

This video shows how to surgically obstruct the guinea pig's endolymphatic duct to produce endolymphatic hydrops.

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Neuroscience

Electrode Fabrication and Implantation in Aplysia californica for Multi-channel Neural and Muscular Recordings in Intact, Freely Behaving Animals
Miranda J. Cullins 1, Hillel J. Chiel 1,2,3
1Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, 3Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University

A technique is described for implanting four in vivo electrodes to monitor the neuromuscular control of feeding behavior in Aplysia californica.

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Biology

Upright Imaging of Drosophila Embryos
Mirela Belu 1, Michelle Javier 1, Katayoun Ayasoufi 1, Sarah Frischmann 1, Catherine Jin 1, Kuo-Chen Wang 1, Rui Sousa-Neves 1, Claudia Mieko Mizutani 1,2
1Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University

Here we present a mounting protocol for stained Drosophila embryos in an upright position that allows imaging of cross-sections using Confocal microscopy.

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Medicine

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Christopher J. Lenarz 1, Reuben Gobezie 1
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery – Division of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Case Western Reserve University

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty is indicated for the treatment of conditions that cannot be treated with conventional arthroplasty or other procedures. These primarily include degenerative and incapacitating conditions with irreparable rotator cuff and loss of the normal biomechanical coupling of the shoulder.

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Biology

Environmentally Induced Heritable Changes in Flax
Cory Johnson 1, Tiffanie Moss 1, Christopher Cullis 1
1Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University

Growing some flax varieties under nutrient stress results in genomic variation within a subset of the genome and phenotypic variation. A complex insertion at a specific site is associated with growth under various nutrient regimes and with changes in gene expression around this site.

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Immunology and Infection

Intravital Imaging of the Mouse Popliteal Lymph Node
H. L. Rachel Liou 1, Jay T. Myers 1, Deborah S. Barkauskas 1, Alex Y. Huang 2
1Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University , 2Department of Pediatrics, Pathology and Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University

Recent advances in 2-photon microscopy have enabled real-time in situ imaging of live tissues in animal models, thereby enhancing our ability to investigate cellular behavior in both physiologic and pathologic conditions. Here, we outline the preparations required to perform intravital imaging of the mouse popliteal lymph node.

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Neuroscience

An In Vitro Preparation for Eliciting and Recording Feeding Motor Programs with Physiological Movements in Aplysia californica
Jeffrey M. McManus 1, Hui Lu 1, Hillel J. Chiel 1,2,3
1Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University , 2Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University , 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University

We describe a technique to extracellularly record and stimulate from nerves, muscles, and individual identified neurons in vitro while eliciting and observing different types of feeding behaviors in the feeding apparatus of Aplysia.

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Bioengineering

Environmentally-controlled Microtensile Testing of Mechanically-adaptive Polymer Nanocomposites for ex vivo Characterization
Allison E. Hess 1, Kelsey A. Potter 1,2, Dustin J. Tyler 1,2, Christian A. Zorman 1,3, Jeffrey R. Capadona 1,2
1Advanced Platform Technology Center, Rehabilitation Research and Development, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 3Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University

A method is discussed by which the in vivo mechanical behavior of stimuli-responsive materials is monitored as a function of time. Samples are tested ex vivo using a microtensile tester with environmental controls to simulate the physiological environment. This work further promotes understanding the in vivo behavior of our material.

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Neuroscience

Extracellularly Identifying Motor Neurons for a Muscle Motor Pool in Aplysia californica
Hui Lu 1, Jeffrey M. McManus 1, Hillel J. Chiel 1,2,3
1Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University , 2Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University , 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University

In animals with large identified neurons (e.g. mollusks), analysis of motor pools is done using intracellular techniques1,2,3,4. Recently, we developed a technique to extracellularly stimulate and record individual neurons in Aplysia californica5. We now describe a protocol for using this technique to uniquely identify and characterize motor neurons within a motor pool.

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Medicine

Flexible Colonoscopy in Mice to Evaluate the Severity of Colitis and Colorectal Tumors Using a Validated Endoscopic Scoring System
Tomohiro Kodani *1,3, Alex Rodriguez-Palacios *1,3, Daniele Corridoni 1,3, Loris Lopetuso 2,3, Luca Di Martino 1,3, Brian Marks 1,3, James Pizarro 1,3, Theresa Pizarro 2,3, Amitabh Chak 1,3, Fabio Cominelli 1,3
1Division of Gastroenterology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, 2Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, 3Digestive Health Research Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland

Over the past few years, new generation endoscopes have emerged as important diagnostic research aids for evaluating murine colitis and colorectal tumors. We present herein a detailed protocol for endoscopic assessment of inflammation and colorectal tumors in mice, as well as a novel scoring system that uses decimal identifiers to document the endoscopic severity of colitis and colorectal tumors.

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Neuroscience

Extracellular Wire Tetrode Recording in Brain of Freely Walking Insects
Peiyuan Guo 1, Alan J. Pollack 1, Adrienn G. Varga 1, Joshua P. Martin 1, Roy E. Ritzmann 1
1Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University

We previously developed a technique for implanting tetrode wires into the central complex of cockroach brains that allows us to monitor activity in individual units of tethered cockroaches. Here we present a modified version of that technique that allows us to also record brain activity in freely moving insects.

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JoVE Journal

Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity
Angela J. Brandt 1, Gaston A. del Pino 1, Jean H. Burns 1
1Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University

Understanding the role of environmental heterogeneity in species coexistence has typically focused on types of heterogeneity that are extrinsic to the community’s species composition. We provide novel detailed methods for creating soil heterogeneity treatments using soils subject to plant-soil feedback conditioning, or heterogeneity intrinsic to the community composition.

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Biology

Floral-Dip Transformation of Flax (Linum usitatissimum) to Generate Transgenic Progenies with a High Transformation Rate
Nasmah K. Bastaki 1, Christopher A. Cullis 1
1Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University

Here, we present a protocol to transform flax using Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation via floral-dip. This protocol is simple to perform and inexpensive, yet yields a higher transformation rate than the current available methods for flax transformation.

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Neuroscience

Intravital Imaging of Axonal Interactions with Microglia and Macrophages in a Mouse Dorsal Column Crush Injury
Teresa A. Evans 1, Deborah S. Barkauskas 2, Jay T. Myers 3, Alex Y. Huang 3
1Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 3Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University

Two-photon intravital imaging can be used to investigate interactions among different cell types in the spinal cord in their native tissue environment in a bone marrow chimeric animal with a dorsal column traumatic spinal cord crush injury.

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Environment

Modifying the Bank Erosion Hazard Index (BEHI) Protocol for Rapid Assessment of Streambank Erosion in Northeastern Ohio
Sara E. Newton 1, Deanna M. Drenten 2
1Natural Resources, Cleveland Metroparks, 2Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University

Streambank erosion potential can be evaluated and ranked using David Rosgen’s Bank Erosion Hazard Index (BEHI), however this protocol has significant limitations. Here we present protocol modifications to address time constraints, allow nonprofessionals to complete accurate assessments, and account for non-alluvial stream conditions in Northeast Ohio.

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Medicine

Th17 Inflammation Model of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in Immunodeficient Mice
Natarajan Bhaskaran 1, Aaron Weinberg 1, Pushpa Pandiyan 1
1Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University

Although Candida infection models are available to study host immune resistance, a model to study T cell mediated immunopathology in the context of Candida infection is absent. Here we describe a method to establish Th17 immunopathology associated with oral Candida infection in immunodeficient mice.

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Neuroscience

Neural Activity Propagation in an Unfolded Hippocampal Preparation with a Penetrating Micro-electrode Array
Mingming Zhang *1, Andrew B. Kibler *1, Luis E. Gonzales-Reyes 1, Dominique M. Durand 1
1Neural Engineering Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University

We have developed an in vitro unfolded hippocampus which preserves CA1-CA3 array of neurons. Combined with the penetrating micro-electrode array, neural activity can be monitored in both the longitudinal and transverse orientations. This method provides advantages over hippocampal slice preparations as the propagation in the entire hippocampus can be recorded simultaneously.

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Chemistry

Site Directed Spin Labeling and EPR Spectroscopic Studies of Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels
Sandip Basak 1, Soumili Chatterjee 1, Sudha Chakrapani 1,2
1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, 2School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University

This article describes methods for site-directed spin labeling and reconstitution of pentameric ligand-gated channels for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance studies. This protocol can be adapted for any membrane protein. The reconstitution method described here can also be used for patch-clamp measurements of macroscopic and single-channel currents in a defined lipid system.

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Neuroscience

Fabrication of High Contact-Density, Flat-Interface Nerve Electrodes for Recording and Stimulation Applications
Yazan M. Dweiri 1,3, Matthew A. Stone 2, Dustin J. Tyler 1, Grant A. McCallum 1, Dominique M. Durand 1
1Neural Engineering Center, Case Western Reserve University, 2Advanced Platform Technology Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 3Jordan University of Science and Technology

This article provides a detailed description on the fabrication process of a high contact-density flat interface nerve electrode (FINE). This electrode is optimized for recording and stimulating neural activity selectively within peripheral nerves.

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Medicine

Ferric Chloride-induced Murine Thrombosis Models
Wei Li 1,2, Marvin Nieman 3, Anirban Sen Gupta 4
1Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 3Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University

We report a refined procedure of the ferric chloride (FeCl3)-induced thrombosis models on carotid and mesenteric artery as well as vein, characterized efficiently using intravital microscopy to monitor time to occlusive thrombi formation.

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Medicine

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
Karishma Gupta 1, Shannon B Donnola 1, Zhina Sadeghi 3, Lan Lu 1,3, Bernadette O. Erokwu 1, Michael Kavran 1, Adonis Hijaz 3, Chris A. Flask 1,2,4
1Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 2Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, 3Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University

This manuscript describes a rat surgical model of pyelonephritis using direct intra-renal infection by Escherichia coli into the renal pelvis. The experimental procedure can be utilized to study the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis as well as the associated inflammation and fibrosis.

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Medicine

Ultrasound-guided Intracardiac Injection of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Increase Homing to the Intestine for Use in Murine Models of Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Maneesh Dave 1, Paola Menghini 1, Keiki Sugi 2,3, Rodrigo A. Somoza 5, Zhenghong Lee 4, Mukesh Jain 2,3, Arnold Caplan 5, Fabio Cominelli 1
1Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, University Hospitals, Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, 2Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 3Department of Medicine, Harrington Discovery Institute, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 4Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 5Department of Biology - Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University

Murine studies in models of colonic inflammation have demonstrated that a small percentage (1 - 5%) of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) injected intravenously or intraperitoneally home to the inflamed colon1,2. This study shows that ultrasound-guided intracardiac injections of MSCs result in increased localization to the intestine.

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Medicine

Uncontrolled Hemorrhagic Shock Modeled via Liver Laceration in Mice with Real Time Hemodynamic Monitoring
Mitchell Dyer 1, Shannon Haldeman 1, Andres Gutierrez 1, Lauryn Kohut 1, Anirban Sen Gupta 2, Matthew D. Neal 1
1Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University

Uncontrolled hemorrhage, an important cause of mortality among trauma patients, can be modeled using a standard liver laceration in a murine model. This model results in consistent blood loss, survival, and allows for testing hemostatic agents. This article provides the step-by-step process to perform this valuable model.

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Medicine

Ileectomy-induced Bile Overaccumulation in Mouse Intestine
Rongli Zhang *1,2,3, Jonathan W. Ray 1,2, Mukesh K. Jain 1,2, Shuxin Han *1,2
1Department of Medicine, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, 2Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 3Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center

Small intestine-dependent bile acid reabsorption and feedback inhibition of hepatic bile acid synthesis is important for systemic homeostasis and health. In this study, we describe a mouse model for ileal resection to evaluate ileectomy-induced bile malabsorption, overaccumulation, and toxicity in mouse intestine.

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Engineering

Conducting Elevated Temperature Normal and Combined Pressure-Shear Plate Impact Experiments Via a Breech-end Sabot Heater System
Bryan Zuanetti 1, Tiaxue Wang 1, Vikas Prakash 1
1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University

Here, we present a detailed protocol of a new approach for conducting elevated temperature reverse normal plate impact, and combined pressure-and-shear plate impact. The approach involves the use of a breech-end resistive coil heater to heat a sample held at the front-end of a heat-resistant sabot to the desired temperature.

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Medicine

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells
Hsi-Ju Wei 1, John J. Letterio 2,3, Tej K. Pareek 2,3
1Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 2Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, 3Angie Fowler Cancer Institute, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, University Hospitals, Cleveland

Here, we present a protocol to develop and characterize tolerogenic dendritic cells (TolDCs) and evaluate their immunotherapeutic utility.

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Bioengineering

Rodent Behavioral Testing to Assess Functional Deficits Caused by Microelectrode Implantation in the Rat Motor Cortex
Monika Goss-Varley 1,2, Andrew J. Shoffstall 1,2, Keith R. Dona 1,2, Justin A. McMahon 1,2, Sydney C. Lindner 1,2, Evon S. Ereifej 1,2, Jeffrey R. Capadona 1,2
1Advanced Platform Technology Center, Rehabilitation Research and Development, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University

We have shown that a microelectrode implantation in the motor cortex of rats causes immediate and lasting motor deficits. The methods proposed herein outline a microelectrode implantation surgery and three rodent behavioral tasks to elucidate potential changes in the fine or gross motor function due to implantation-caused damage to the motor cortex.

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JoVE Journal

Quantitative Analysis of Alternative Pre-mRNA Splicing in Mouse Brain Sections Using RNA In Situ Hybridization Assay
Xuan Guo 1,2, Yiqing Zhao 1,3, Hieu Nguyen 1, Tonghua Liu 2, Zhenghe Wang 1,3, Hua Lou 1,3,4
1Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 2Department of Endocrinology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 3Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, 4Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University

An in situ hybridization (ISH) protocol that uses short antisense oligonucleotides to detect alternative pre-mRNA splicing patterns in mouse brain sections is described.

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Behavior

A Novel Single Animal Motor Function Tracking System Using Simple, Readily Available Software
Keith R. Dona 1,2, Monika Goss-Varley 1,2, Andrew J. Shoffstall 1,2, Jeffrey R. Capadona 1,2
1Advanced Platform Technology Center, Rehabilitation Research and Development, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University

The current study aimed to automate the quantification of motor deficits in rats. The initial evaluation model assesses motor loss resulting from an intracortical microelectrode implantation in the motor cortex. We report on the development and use of a tracking algorithm using easily adaptable, simple, and readily available coding software.

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Neuroscience

A Minimally Invasive Lesion Technique for Muscles Intrinsic to the Odontophore of Aplysia californica
Catherine Kehl 1, Hillel J. Chiel 1,2,3,4
1Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 3Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University

Here we present a protocol for minimally invasive surgical lesioning of muscles intrinsic to the feeding apparatus of the marine mollusk Aplysia californica to understand the roles of these muscles during feeding behavior.

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Bioengineering

Optical Imaging of Isolated Murine Ventricular Myocytes
Shuxin Han 1,2, Matt Klos 3, Sherry Morgenstern 3, Ramiz Ahmad 3, Isabella Pua 3, Shreyas Suresh 1, Kayla Hicks 3, Eric Devaney 3
1Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China, 2Central Nodal (Anhui) Bioscience and Technology Research Center, Hefei, Anhui, China, 3Pediatric Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center

We present the methodology for the isolation of murine myocytes and how to obtain voltage or calcium traces simultaneously with sarcomere shortening traces using fluorescence photometry with simultaneous digital cell geometry measurements.

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JoVE Core

A Minimally Invasive Method for Intratracheal Instillation of Drugs in Neonatal Rodents to Treat Lung Disease
Tara Sudhadevi 1, Alison W Ha 1, Anantha Harijith 1
1Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University

This technique of instilling drugs directly into the trachea of neonatal rodents is important in studying the impact of locally administered drugs or biologicals on neonatal lung diseases. Additionally, this method can also be used for inducing lung injury in animal models.

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Cancer Research

Analytical Determination of Mitochondrial Function of Excised Solid Tumor Homogenates
Elizabeth R. M. Zunica 1,2,3, Christopher L. Axelrod 1, L. Anne Gilmore 2,4, John P. Kirwan 1,3
1Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 2Clinical Oncology and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 3Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, 4Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

We developed a practical protocol and analytical approach to evaluate mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and electron transfer capacity in fresh tumor homogenates. This protocol can be easily adapted to survey various mitochondrial functions that contribute to cancer initiation, progression, and treatment response.

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Biology

Scalable Isolation and Purification of Extracellular Vesicles from Escherichia coli and Other Bacteria
Dionysios C. Watson 1,2,3, Sadie Johnson 1, Akeem Santos 1,4, Mei Yin 5, Defne Bayik 1, Justin D. Lathia 1,3, Mohammed Dwidar 1,3,4
1Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 3Case Western Reserve University, 4Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, 5Electron Microscopy Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic

Bacteria secrete nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying bioactive biological molecules. EV research focuses on understanding their biogenesis, role in microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions and disease, as well as their potential therapeutic applications. A workflow for scalable isolation of EVs from various bacteria is presented to facilitate standardization of EV research.

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Bioengineering

Tools for Surface Treatment of Silicon Planar Intracortical Microelectrodes
Olivia K. Krebs 1,2, Gaurav Mittal 1,2, Shreya Ramani 1,2, Jichu Zhang 1,2, Andrew J. Shoffstall 1,2, Stuart F. Cogan 3, Joseph J. Pancrazio 3, Jeffrey R. Capadona 1,2
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2Advanced Platform Technology Center, Rehabilitation Research and Development, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas

The present protocol describes tools for handling silicon planar intracortical microelectrodes during treatments for surface modification via gas deposition and aqueous solution reactions. The assembly of the components used to handle the devices throughout the procedure is explained in detail.

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Bioengineering

Time-Resolved In Vivo Measurement of Neuropeptide Dynamics by Capacitive Immunoprobe in Porcine Heart
Nicholas Kluge 1, Shyue-An Chan 1, Jeffrey L. Ardell 2,3, Corey Smith 1
1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, 2University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, 3UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, UCLA

Established immunochemical methods to measure peptide transmitters in vivo rely on microdialysis or bulk fluid draw to obtain the sample for offline analysis. However, these suffer from spatiotemporal limitations. The present protocol describes the fabrication and application of a capacitive immunoprobe biosensor that overcomes the limitations of the existing techniques.

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Neuroscience

Assessment of Thermal Damage from Robot-Drilled Craniotomy for Cranial Window Surgery in Mice
George F. Hoeferlin *1,2, Dhariyat M. Menendez *1,2, Olivia K. Krebs 1,2, Jeffrey R. Capadona 1,2, Andrew J. Shoffstall 1,2
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center

Cranial windows have become a ubiquitously implemented surgical technique to allow for intravital imaging in transgenic mice. This protocol describes the use of a surgical robot that performs semi-automated bone drilling of cranial windows and can help reduce surgeon-to-surgeon variability and partially mitigate thermal blood-brain barrier damage.

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Engineering

In Situ Gas Analysis and Fire Characterization of Lithium-Ion Cells During Thermal Runaway Using an Environmental Chamber
Byoungchul Kwon 1, Wohan Cui 1, Ankit Sharma 1, Ya-Ting Liao 1, Fumiaki Takahashi 1, Daniel Juarez-Robles 2, Mohammad Parhizi 2, Judith Jeevarajan 2
1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2UL Research Institutes

Here, we describe a test procedure developed to characterize thermal runaway and fires in lithium-ion cells through in situ measurements of various parameters in an environmental chamber.

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Neuroscience

A Simplified Method for Isolation and Culture of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Adult Mice
Alyssa Hubal 1,2, Amelia Pfaff 2, Sarah Vos 2, Mala Upadhyay 3, Vera Bonilha 3, Carlos S. Subauste 1,2
1Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, 2Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 3Cole Eye Institute, Ophthalmic Research, Cleveland Clinic

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) acts as a crucial barrier between the choroid and retina, promoting the health and function of retinal cell types, such as photoreceptors. Herein, we describe a simple and effective protocol for isolating and culturing adult murine RPE.

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