Name: anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in the ovine model
Uploaded: 2009-10-05T16:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model at JoVE.com

The authors thank Dr Anne Gibbon, Dr Christine Mackay and all the staff at Monash Animal Services and Physiology animal house. The authors thank Jeremy Weinstein and the Mcube team for video and animation production.a

<ol>
 <li>The sheep is fasted for 24 hours but allowed water ad libitum</li>
 <li>The sheep is weighed.</li>
 <li>Anaestheisa is induced by intravenous injection of thiopentone (20mg/kg).</li>
 <li>Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics may be given.</li>
 <li>Endotracheal intubation is performed using a sized 7 to 9 cuffed endotracheal tube. </li>
 <li>Anaesthesia is maintainted with isoflurane, 1&#x2013;3%, in 100% oxygen at a flow rate of 2L per minute.</li>
 <li>Observations are made and the level of anaesthesia monitored contin...

<ol>
	<li>Angevine, P. D., Arons, R. R., McCormick, P. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=National+and+regional+rates+and+variation+of+cervical+discectomy+with+and+without+anterior+fusion,+1990-1999.">National and regional rates and variation of cervical discectomy with and without anterior fusion, 1990-1999.</a> Spine. 28, 931-940 (2003).</li><li>Cloward, R. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+anterior+approach+for+removal+of+ruptured+cervical+disks.">The anterior approach for removal of ruptured cervical disks.</a> J Neurosurg. 15, 602-617 (1958).</li><li>Jacobs, W. C., Anderson, P. G., Limbeek, J., Willems, P. C., Pavlov, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single+or+double-level+anterior+interbody+fusion+techniques+for+cervical+degenerative+disc+disease.">Single or double-level anterior interbody fusion techniques for cervical degenerative disc disease.</a> Cochrane Database Syst Rev. , CD004958-CD004958 (2004).</li><li>Kandziora, F., Pflugmacher, R., Scholz, M., Schnake, K., Lucke, M., Schr&#246;der, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+between+sheep+and+human+cervical+spines:+an+anatomic,+radiographic,+bone+mineral+density,+and+biomechanical+study.">Comparison between sheep and human cervical spines: an anatomic, radiographic, bone mineral density, and biomechanical study.</a> Spine. 26, 1028-1037 (2001).</li><li>Patil, P. G., Turner, D. A., 	Pietrobon, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=National+trends+in+surgical+procedures+for+degenerative+cervical+spine+disease:+1990-2000.">National trends in surgical procedures for degenerative cervical spine disease: 1990-2000.</a> Neurosurgery. 57, 753-758 (2005).</li><li>Smith, G. W., Robinson, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+treatment+of+certain+cervical-spine+disorders+by+anterior+removal+of+the+intervertebral+disc+and+interbody+fusion.">The treatment of certain cervical-spine disorders by anterior removal of the intervertebral disc and interbody fusion.</a> J Bone Joint Surg Am. 40-A, 607-624 (1958).</li></ol>

There are some sources of variability to consider while planning and performing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Therefore, for consistency of the model, the animals should be of the same age and breed. We prefer two year old, crossbred Leicester Merino sheep. If performed correctly, there will be minimal complications such as bleeding, infection, or mortality. Bleeding should be controlled throughout the procedure and haemosatsis checked before closing. Prophylactic antiobiotics are given at induction to minimse...

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		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
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<tr>
<td>Marcain</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>AstraZeneca</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>0/5% Bupivicaine hydrochloride solution for injection 100mg in 20 mls</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Thiopentone</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Illium</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Thiopentone sodium (sterile powder for injection) 5g</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Issoranne</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Baxter</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Isoflurane BP 100%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chlorehxidine</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Jurox</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>40mg/ml Chlorhexidine glucoronate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>PVD Iodine Solution</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Apex</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Povidine Iodine 100mg/ml</td>
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anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in the ovine model

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is the most common surgical operation for cervical radiculopathy and/or myelopathy in patients who have failed conservative treatment1,5. Since the operation was first described by Cloward2 and Smith and Robinson6 in 1958, a variety refinements in technique, graft material and implants have been made3. In particular, there is a need for safe osteoinductive agents that could benefit selected patients. The ovine model has been shown to have anatomical, biomechanical, bone density and radiological properties that are similar to the human counterpart, the most similar level being C3/44. It is therefore an ideal model in which preclinical studies can be performed. In particular this methodology may be useful to researchers interested in evaluating different devices and biologics, including stem cells, for potential application in human spinal surgery.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model at JoVE.com

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model

This video demonstrates the technique of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in the ovine model.

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is the most common surgical operation for cervical radiculopathy and/or myelopathy in patients who have ...

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