microinjection 사전에 준비 : <ol><li> 혈액 공급 모기 : 월요일에서 이전 금요일에 수요일 피드 여자에 분사하십시오. 같은 주 월요일에 목요일과 금요일, 피드 여자를 삽입합니다. </li><li> 프로그램 2 isotonic 버퍼 (자료 참조)를 사용하여 석영 바늘을 준비합니다. </li><li> 배아에 대해 &quot;튜브를 만들고 것은&quot;일반 Drosophila 문화 약병입니다. 그것을 다루는 필터 종이 젖은 디스크와 함께 바닥에 젖은 탈지면. </li><li> 권력을 더블 사이드 테이프를 대고 비닐 커버 신청서를 준비합니다. 그것이 커버 슬립의 가장자리에 끝이 너무 커버하는 트림 테이프 이구요. </li><li> 탈수에 대한 오일을 준비합니다. </li><li> 부화를위한 배아를 전송하는 isotonic 버퍼와 페트리 접시를 준비합니다. </li></ol> 강제 부설의 설정 : <ol><li> 흡인기를 이용하여 6-10 혈액 공급의 여자를 수집하고 면화와 isotonic 버퍼와 젖은 여과지로 Drosophila 문화 병을에게 전송할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 모기는 다음 어둠 속에서 insectery 조건에 다시 넣고 1 H 15 분 알을 낳기 위해 사용할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 성인 케이지로 비행하고 태아와 여과지 디스크를 제거하자. </li><li> 계란 라인, 해부 현미경으로 그것을. 훌륭한 페인트 (사블, 아니 0000)로 달걀 한 움큼를 수집하고 isotonic 버퍼로 적셔 3MM 왓먼 용지 준비 광장에 전송할 수 있습니다. 모든 시간은 서부 유럽 표준시 종이 보관하십시오. 계란이 desiccated 내버려하지 마십시오. 브러시로 exochorion 제거 그것은 더 나은 테이프에 달걀을 붙어줍니다. </li><li> 좋은 forcep 번호 5 벌금 페인트를 사용하여 어두운 회색 배아를 선택하고 isotonic 버퍼와 젖은 3MM 왓먼의 광장에 일렬로 배열. 20-30 배아에서 줄을. 주사는 후부 기둥에 갈 수있는 것처럼 모든 배아는 동일한 방향에 있어야합니다. 배아의 앞쪽에 끝이 뒷부분보다 약간 넓은 있습니다. 그런 다음, 3MM 왓먼 종이의 줄무늬를 사용하면, 계란은, 계란 라인의 양쪽에 하드 눌러 계란을 만질 의해 줄지어있는 필터를 건조. </li><li> 계란을 전송, 이중 양면 테이프 (의학)이있는 슬라이드를 반전하고, 부드럽게 달걀에 대한 누르십시오. 계란의 뒷부분 끝 이중 양면 테이프의 가장자리에 아주 가까이해야합니다. 그것이 그들이 스틱되지 않습니다 너무 젖어있는 경우 용지의 촉촉한이 중요합니다. 나는 5-10초에서 태아의 탈수를하지만, 탈수 시간은 microinjection 방에 습기와 온도의 따라 달라집니다. </li><li> 너무 조금 및 배아는 부화하지 않습니다 건조 계란은 중요합니다. 탈수의 DNA없이 배아로하지 않을 것입니다. </li><li> 더 탈수를 방지하기 위해 할로 카본 오일 desiccated 배아를 커버. </li></ol> 배아의 Microinjection : 좋은 주입의 가장 중요한 부분은 (주 참조) 바늘의 품질입니다. <ol><li> microloader을 (Eppendorf # 5242 956.003)를 사용하여 주입하는 DNA 솔루션 바늘을 입력합니다. 아주 작은 주사 soliution은 1-2 ML이 필요합니다. </li><li> 사출 시간과 압력을 제어하는​​ Eppendorf Transjector,뿐만 아니라 backpressure에 바늘을 연결합니다. Microinjection은 X 10 배율과 micromanipulator (Leica)에 이동 무대 (Leica)와 현미경을 사용하여 수행됩니다. 필요한 경우, 제기 현미경 스테이지는 4-5 현미경 슬라이드를 스태킹하여 준비 수 있습니다. 제기 무대에 배아를 가지고 커버 전표를 놓습니다. 배아는 150 °의 각도로 주입되며 보급률은 사후 극에서해야합니다. 주사, 그 바늘이 고정 유지하고 현미경의 단계로 이동합니다. 바늘이 새로운하면 끝은 봉인과 일반적으로 첫 번째 주입에서 봐야합니다. 나는 항상 각 분사 사이에 오일로 DNA의 작은 비말을 추방하는 데 필요한 압력을 작동합니다. </li><li> 나는 0.2 분사 시간을 설정 - 0.9 초 1000 고전력 증폭기를 바늘이 새로운 경우에. 작은 비말이 오일로 바늘에서 나오는 볼 때까지 나는 압력 및 시간을 달라집니다. backpressure 100 주위를 설정해야합니다. 바늘 끝이 착용지면서, 사출 압력은 사출 볼륨을 낮은 (고전력 증폭기 약 300) 유지 줄일 수있다. 이 후, 바늘 끝이 너무 큽니다 및 배아의 대부분을 죽이고있다. </li><li> 주입 후, 티슈로 기름을 제거하고 배아와 isotonic 버퍼와 배양 접시에있는 장소로 슬라이드를 커버. insectory에서 요리를 삽입하여 배아는 부화가있을 때까지 그들을 두십시오. 그들은 2~6일 후에 부화하기 시작합니다. 지상 물고기 음식 핀치와 증류수에 애벌레를 전송합니다. </li></ol> 노트 주사에 대한 DNA : 주사에 대한 플라스미드 DNA 솔루션은 EndoFree 플라스미드 키트를 사용하여 격리되었다.플라스미드 구축 및 오른쪽 농도 함께 도우미 플라스미드 믹스, 이소프로판올 함께 시켰던. 펠렛은 사출 버퍼 resuspending하기 전에 70 % 에탄올로 씻은했다. 전에 주입, Millex - GV 칼럼을 사용하여 청소 DNA. Izotonic 버퍼 : <table border="1" cellpadding="8"><tbody><tr><td> 1.68 M NaCl - 88.3 ML 1.68 M NaCl - 2.9 m 1 M은 -10.7 ML을 Hepes 1.12 M CaCl 2-2.2 ML DH 2 O - 896 ML </td><td> 또는 </td><td> 5 M NaCl - 29.67 ML 1 M KCl - 4.87 ML 1 M의 Hepes - 10.7 ML 1.12 M CaCl 2-2.2 ML DH 2 O - 952.56 ML </td></tr></tbody></table> 산도 7.2 조정

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">	
		
		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Injection Quartz needles</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sutter Instrument</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>O.D.- 1.0 mm, I.D.-0.70, 10 cm length, are prepared by drawing capillary tubing into a fine 3-8 um with a shaft of approximately 100-300 mm micropipette puller. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Quartz puller</td>
<td>Tool</td>
<td>Sutter Instrument Co</td>
<td>P-2000</td>
<td>Set-up: Heat-275, Fil-3, Vel-38, Del-250, Pull-141</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>EndoFree plasmid kit</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Quiagen</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Isopropanol</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Millex-GV column</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>SLGV RO4 NL</td>
<td>for DNA cleaning</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Construct DNA</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>0.5 mg/ml </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Helper plasmid</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>0.3 mg/ml </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Injection solution</td>
<td>Buffer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>1x solution: 5mM KCl, 0.1mM sodium phosphate, ph 6. 8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Isotonic buffer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>see recipe in the protocol section</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dessication oil</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Halocarbon oil 700:Halocarbon oil 27(1:1). Mix well. Prepare in advance of microinjection.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Blood</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>to feed mosquitos</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Anopheles stephensi</td>
<td>Animal</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Mosquitos, male and female.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Drosophila culture vial</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>for egg laying</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Petri dishes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>with isotonic buffer, for embryo hatching</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Fine paintbrush</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sable # 0000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3MM Whatman paper</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Forceps #5</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>double sided tape</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Microloader</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Eppendorf</td>
<td>5242 956.003</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Transjector</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Eppendorf</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Microscope</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Leica</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>with moving stage and micromanipulator, set at 10x magnification </td>
</tr>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>
			<div>
					</div>

injection of an. stephensi embryos to generate malaria-resistant mosquitoes

모기의 genomes에 외인성 유전자의 도입은 관심의 특정 수종에 맞는 microinjection 기술을 필요로합니다. 이 비디오 프로토콜 변형 모기의 생성을위한 아노 펠 레스 stephensi의 배아에 DNA 구조를 microinject하는 제임스 실험실에서 사용하는 방법을 보여줍니다. , microinjection의 바늘을 준비하는 배아를 수집하고 준비하고 microinjection을 수행하기위한 기술은 그림입니다.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Injection of An. stephensi Embryos to Generate Malaria-resistant Mosquitoes at JoVE.com

Injection of An. stephensi Embryos to Generate Malaria-resistant Mosquitoes

아노 펠 레스 stephensi 모기가 말라리아 거주 인도 및 아시아 벡터입니다. 이 동영상은 모기에 말라리아에 대한 저항력을 부여합니다 transgenes이 종 microinjections을 수행하는 기법을 보여줍니다. 대부분이 동영상에서 보여주는 방법의 다른 모기 종의 microinjection 기술에 적용됩니다.

의 사출. stephensi의 태아는 말라리아 방지 모기를 생성하는

The introduction of exogenous genes into the genomes of mosquitoes requires microinjection techniques tailored to the specific species of interest. This ...

injection-an-stephensi-embryos-to-generate-malaria-resistant

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

12.9K 조회수.  University of California, Irvine (UCI). 아노 펠 레스 stephensi 모기가 말라리아 거주 인도 및 아시아 벡터입니다. 이 동영상은 모기에 말라리아에 대한 저항력을 부여합니다 transgenes이 종 microinjections을 수행하는 기법을 보여줍니다. 대부분이 동영상에서 보여주는 방법의 다른 모기 종의 microinjection 기술에 적용됩니다.

비디오: Injection of An. stephensi Embryos to Generate Malaria-resistant Mosquitoes

Microinjection of A. aegypti Embryos to Obtain Transgenic Mosquitoes

In this video, Nijole Jasinskiene demonstrates the methodology employed to generate transgenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are vectors for dengue fever.  The techniques for correctly preparing microinjection needles, dessicating embryos, and performing microinjection are demonstrated.

In this video, Nijole Jasinskiene demonstrates the methodology employed to generate transgenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are vectors for dengue fever. The techniques for correctly preparing microinjection needles, dessicating embryos, and performing microinjection are demonstrated.

트렌스 제닉 모기를 구하는 A. aegypti의 태아의 Microinjection

In this video, Nijole Jasinskiene demonstrates the methodology employed to generate transgenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are vectors for dengue ...

연구

생물학

In Utero Intraventricular Injection and Electroporation of E16 Rat Embryos

In-utero in-vivo injection and electroporation of the embryonic rat neocortex provides a powerful tool for the manipulation of individual progenitors lining the walls of the lateral ventricle. This technique is now widely used to study the processes involved in corticogenesis by over-expressing or knocking down genes and observing the effects on cellular proliferation, migration, and differentiation. In comparison to traditional knockout strategies, in-utero electroporation provides a rapid means to manipulate a population of cells during a specific temporal window. In this video protocol, we outline the experimental methodology for preparing rats for surgery, exposing the uterine horns through laporatomy, injecting DNA into the lateral ventricles of the developing embryo, electroporating DNA into the progenitors lining the lateral wall, and caring for animals post-surgery. Our laboratory uses this protocol for surgeries on E15-E21 rats, however it is most commonly performed at E16 as shown in this video.

E16 랫 태아의 Utero의 심실 주입 및 Electroporation에

In-utero in-vivo injection and electroporation of the embryonic rat neocortex provides a powerful tool for the manipulation of individual progenitors ...

In Utero Intraventricular Injection and Electroporation of E15 Mouse Embryos

In-utero in-vivo injection and electroporation of the embryonic mouse neocortex provides a powerful tool for the manipulation of individual progenitors lining the walls of the lateral ventricle. This technique is now widely used to study the processes involved in corticogenesis by over-expressing or knocking down genes and observing the effects on cellular proliferation, migration, and differentiation. In comparison to traditional knockout strategies, in-utero electroporation provides a rapid means to manipulate a population of cells during a specific temporal window. In this video protocol we outline the experimental methodology for preparing mice for surgery, exposing the uterine horns through laporatomy, injecting DNA into the lateral ventricles of the developing embryo, electroporating DNA into the progenitors lining the lateral wall, and caring for animals post-surgery. Our laboratory uses this protocol for surgeries on E13-E16 mice, however, it is most commonly performed at E15, as shown in this video. 

E15 마우스 태아의 Utero의 심실 주입 및 Electroporation에

In-utero in-vivo injection and electroporation of the embryonic mouse neocortex provides a powerful tool for the manipulation of individual progenitors ...

Microinjection of Zebrafish Embryos to Analyze Gene Function

One of the advantages of studying zebrafish is the ease and speed of manipulating protein levels in the embryo.  Morpholinos, which are synthetic oligonucleotides with antisense complementarity to target RNAs, can be added to the embryo to reduce the expression of a particular gene product.  Conversely, processed mRNA can be added to the embryo to increase levels of a gene product.  The vehicle for adding either mRNA or morpholino to an embryo is microinjection.  Microinjection is efficient and rapid, allowing for the injection of hundreds of embryos per hour.  This video shows all the steps involved in microinjection.  Briefly, eggs are collected immediately after being laid and lined up against a microscope slide in a Petri dish.  Next, a fine-tipped needle loaded with injection material is connected to a microinjector and an air source, and the microinjector controls are adjusted to produce a desirable injection volume.  Finally, the needle is plunged into the embryo's yolk and the morpholino or mRNA is expelled.

This video shows how morpholino or mRNA can be injected into zebrafish embryos at the one-cell stage to decrease or increase the level of specific gene products during subsequent development.

유전자 기능을 분석 Zebrafish 배아들 중 Microinjection

One of the advantages of studying zebrafish is the ease and speed of manipulating protein levels in the embryo.  Morpholinos, which are synthetic ...

RNAi Interference by dsRNA Injection into Drosophila Embryos

Genetic screening is one of the most powerful methods available for gaining insights into complex biological process 1. Over the years many improvements and tools for genetic manipulation have become available in Drosophila 2. Soon after the initial discovery by Frie and Mello 3 that double stranded RNA can be used to knockdown the activity of individual genes in Caenorhabditis elegans, RNA interference (RNAi) was shown to provide a powerful reverse genetic approach to analyze gene functions in Drosophila organ development 4, 5.
Many organs, including lung, kidney, liver, and vascular system, are composed of branched tubular networks that transport vital fluids or gases 6, 7. The analysis of Drosophila tracheal formation provides an excellent model system to study the morphogenesis of other tubular organs 8. The Berkeley Drosophila genome project has revealed hundreds of genes that are expressed in the tracheal system. To study the molecular and cellular mechanism of tube formation, the challenge is to understand the roles of these genes in tracheal development. Here, we described a detailed method of dsRNA injection into Drosophila embryo to knockdown individual gene expression. We successfully knocked down endogenous dysfusion(dys) gene expression by dsRNA injection. Dys is a bHLH-PAS protein expressed in tracheal fusion cells, and it is required for tracheal branch fusion 9, 10. dys-RNAi completely eliminated dys expression and resulted in tracheal fusion defect. This relatively simple method provides a tool to identify genes requried for tissure and organ development in Drosophila.

RNAi Interference by dsRNA Injection into Drosophila Embryos

RNA interference has been proven very effective to analyze gene function in Drosophila tracheal development. A detailed protocol used by Jiang lab to inject dsRNA into fly embryos to knockdown gene expression is illustrated. This technique has the potential for screening genes required for tissue and organ development in Drosophila.

dsRNA 주입하여 RNAi 간섭에 Drosophila 태아

Genetic screening is one of the most powerful methods available for gaining insights into complex biological process 1. Over the years many improvements ...

An in vivo Crosslinking Approach to Isolate Protein Complexes From Drosophila Embryos

Many cellular processes are controlled by multisubunit protein complexes. Frequently these complexes form transiently and require native environment to assemble. Therefore, to identify these functional protein complexes, it is important to stabilize them in vivo before cell lysis and subsequent purification. Here we describe a method used to isolate large bona fide protein complexes from Drosophila embryos. This method is based on embryo permeabilization and stabilization of the complexes inside the embryos by in vivo crosslinking using a low concentration of formaldehyde, which can easily cross the cell membrane. Subsequently, the protein complex of interest is immunopurified followed by gel purification and analyzed by mass spectrometry. We illustrate this method using purification of a Tudor protein complex, which is essential for germline development. Tudor is a large protein, which contains multiple Tudor domains - small modules that interact with methylated arginines or lysines of target proteins. This method can be adapted for isolation of native protein complexes from different organisms and tissues.

An in vivo Crosslinking Approach to Isolate Protein Complexes From Drosophila Embryos

Multi-component protein complexes play crucial roles during cellular function and development. Here we describe a method used to isolate native protein complexes from Drosophila embryos after in vivo crosslinking followed by purification of the crosslinked complexes for subsequent structure-function analysis.

생체</em에서 단백질 복합체를 분리> 가교 접근 초파리 태아

Many cellular processes are controlled by multisubunit protein complexes. Frequently these complexes form transiently and require native environment to ...

Toxicological Assays for Testing Effects of an Epigenetic Drug on Development, Fecundity and Survivorship of Malaria Mosquitoes

Insecticidal resistance poses a major problem for malaria control programs. Mosquitoes adapt to a wide range of changes in the environment quickly, making malaria control an omnipresent problem in tropical countries. The emergence of insecticide resistant populations warrants the exploration of novel drug target pathways and compounds for vector mosquito control. Epigenetic drugs are well established in cancer research, however not much is known about their effects on insects. This study provides a simple protocol for examining the toxicological effects of 3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), an experimental epigenetic drug for cancer therapy, on the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae. A concentration-dependent increase in mortality and decrease in size was observed in immature mosquitoes exposed to DZNep, whereas the compound reduced the fecundity of adult mosquitoes relative to control treatments. In addition, there was a drug-dependent decrease in S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase activity in mosquitoes following exposure to DZNep relative to control treatments. These protocols provide the researcher with a simple, step-by-step procedure to assess multiple toxicological endpoints for an experimental drug and, in turn, demonstrate a unique multi-prong approach for exploring the toxicological effects of water-soluble epigenetic drugs or compounds of interest against vector mosquitoes and other insects.

A protocol is developed to examine the effects of an epigenetic drug DZNep on the development, fecundity and survivorship of mosquitoes. Here we describe procedures for the aqueous exposure of DZNep to immature mosquitoes and a blood-based exposure of DZNep to adult mosquitoes in addition to measuring SAH hydrolase inhibition.

말라리아 모기의 개발, 다산과 생존자에 성적인 의약품의 시험 효과에 대한 독성 시험 법

Insecticidal resistance poses a major problem for malaria control programs. Mosquitoes adapt to a wide range of changes in the environment quickly, making ...

Protocols for Testing the Toxicity of Novel Insecticidal Chemistries to Mosquitoes

New classes of insecticides with novel modes of action are needed to control insecticide resistant populations of mosquitoes that transmit diseases such as Zika, dengue and malaria. Assays for rapid, high-throughput analyses of unformulated novel chemistries against mosquito larvae and adults are presented. We describe protocols for single point-dose and dose response assays to evaluate the toxicity of small molecule chemistries to the Aedes aegypti vector of Zika, dengue and yellow fever,&#160;the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae and the northern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, on contact and via ingestion. As an example, we evaluated the toxicity of amitriptyline, a small molecule antagonist of G protein-coupled receptors, via larval, adult topical and adult blood-feeding assay. The protocols provide a starting point to investigate insecticide potential. Results are discussed in the context of additional experiments to explore product applications and mechanisms for delivery.

Protocols are described for assessing the toxicity of chemistries to immature and adult mosquitoes for development as new classes of larvicides, adulticides and endectocides. The protocols enable high-throughput testing of multiple chemistries at single-point dose and subsequent evaluation via dose response assay to determine toxicity on contact or via ingestion.

모기에 소설 Insecticidal 화학 물질의 독성을 테스트 하기 위한 프로토콜

New classes of insecticides with novel modes of action are needed to control insecticide resistant populations of mosquitoes that transmit diseases such ...

Forced Salivation As a Method to Analyze Vector Competence of Mosquitoes

Vector competence is defined as the potential of a mosquito species to transmit a mosquito-borne virus (mobovirus) to a vertebrate host. Viable virus particles are transmitted during a blood meal via the saliva of an infected mosquito. Forced salivation assays allow determining the vector potential on the basis of single mosquitoes, avoiding the use of animal experiments. The method is suitable to analyze a large number of mosquitoes in one experiment within a short period of time. Forced salivation assays were used to analyze 856 individual mosquitoes trapped in Germany, including two different Culex pipiens pipiens biotypes, Culex torrentium as well as Aedes albopictus, which were experimentally infected with Zika virus (ZIKV) and incubated at 18 &#176;C or 27 &#176;C for two and three weeks. The results indicated the lack of vector competence of the different Culex taxa for ZIKV. In contrast, Aedes albopictus was susceptible to ZIKV, but only at 27 &#176;C, with transmission rates similar to an Aedes aegypti laboratory colony tested in parallel.

For efficient control of mosquito borne virus transmission, the knowledge of the vector potential of respective mosquitoes is of particular interest. We describe forced salivation as a method to analyze vector competence of Aedes albopictus and three different Culex taxa for the transmission of Zika virus.

모기의 벡터 역량을 분석 하는 방법으로 타 액 분 비를 강제

Vector competence is defined as the potential of a mosquito species to transmit a mosquito-borne virus (mobovirus) to a vertebrate host. Viable virus ...

A Blood-Free Diet to Rear Anopheline Mosquitoes

Malaria research requires large-scale breeding and production conditions for mosquitoes (Anopheles spp.) in captivity. The sustainable and reliable production of mosquitoes is currently inhibited by the supply of fresh vertebrate blood. Alternatives to blood are required to promote efficient control strategies for malaria and other vector borne diseases that are transmitted by blood feeding insects. With this in mind, artificial liquid diets were formulated as substitutes for fresh vertebrate blood. Herein we report a blood-free artificial liquid diet that delivers feeding rates similar to blood and mimics the physiological effects of a fresh vertebrate blood meal. The diet induces ovarian and egg maturation of Anopheles mosquitoes and also produces good larval survival and development of functional adults. The formulated blood-free liquid diet is an important advance towards sustainable mosquito breeding in captivity and will reduce the maintenance costs of mosquito colonies and eliminate the need for fresh vertebrate blood.

A protocol is presented for formulation of a blood-free artificial diet to feed Anopheles mosquitoes in captivity. This diet has a similar performance to vertebrate blood and triggers oogenesis and egg maturation and produces viable adult progeny.

무혈 식단으로 무혈 모기를 후두

Malaria research requires large-scale breeding and production conditions for mosquitoes (Anopheles spp.) in captivity. The sustainable and reliable ...