microinjection 사전에 준비 <ol><li> 혈액 공급 모기 : 월요일부터 목요일 이전 금요일 공급 여자에 분사하십시오. </li><li> 프로그램 3 2 (자료 참조)를 사용하여 유리 바늘을 준비합니다. </li><li> 배아의 튜브를 누워있는 것은 Drosophila 문화 약병입니다. 그것을 다루는 필터 종이 젖은 디스크와 함께 바닥에 젖은 탈지면. </li><li> 권력을 더블 사이드 테이프를 대고 비닐 커버 신청서를 준비합니다. 그것이 커버 슬립의 가장자리에 끝이 너무 커버하는 트림 테이프 이구요. </li><li> (자료 참조) 건조를 위해 기름을 준비 </li><li> 주사 후 배아를 유지하는 여과지 (80mm 왓먼)의 젖은 디스크로 덮인 바닥에 젖은 탈지면, 150 ML 플라스틱 비이커. </li></ol> 강제 부설의 설정 <ol><li> 흡인기를 이용하여 6-10 혈액 공급의 여자를 수집하고 서부 유럽 표준시 면화 및 필터 종이 Drosophila 문화 병을에게 전송할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 어둠 속에서 insectory 조건으로 다시 모기를 넣고 1 시간 및 15에 대한 알을 낳을 수 있습니다. </li><li> 성인 케이지로 비행하고 태아와 여과지 디스크를 제거하자. </li><li> 해부 현미경, 그래서 계란을 줄을 수 있습니다. 좋은 포셉 번호 5 벌금 페인트를 사용 darkish - 회색 배아에 회색 선택하고 물에 젖었 3MM 왓먼 용지의 광장에 일렬로 배열. 주사는 후부 기둥에 갈 수있는 것처럼 모든 배아가 같은 방향에 있어야합니다. 배아의 앞쪽에 끝이 뒷부분보다 약간 넓은 있습니다. (서부 유럽 표준시 것들이 테이프에 붙어되지 않습니다) 그것에 건조 여과지를 눌러 태아와 필터 종이를 건조시킵니다. , 계란을 전송 양면 테이프가 들어있는 슬라이드를 반전하고 부드럽게 달걀에 대한 키를 누릅니다. 계란의 뒷부분 끝 이중 양면 테이프의 가장자리에 아주 가까이해야합니다. </li><li> 1 분에 대한 배아를 마르다. 상온에서. 그들은 드라이로 그들은 약간 보조개로 시작합니다. </li><li> 더 탈수를 방지하기 위해 할로 카본 오일 desiccated 배아를 커버. </li></ol> 배아의 Microinjection <ol><li> 좋은 주입의 가장 중요한 부분은 (자료 참조) 바늘의 품질입니다. </li><li> microloader를 사용하여 주입하는 DNA 솔루션 바늘을 입력합니다. 거의 사출 솔루션이 필요합니다 : 1-2 μl합니다. </li><li> 사출 시간 (마누)과 압력 (600)를 제어 Transjector, 그리고 backpressure (250)에 바늘을 연결합니다. Microinjection은 X 10 배율과 micromanipulator에서 이동 무대 (Leica)와 현미경을 사용하여 수행됩니다. 필요한 경우, 제기 현미경 스테이지 4-5 현미경 슬라이드를 스태킹하여 준비 수 있습니다. 제기 무대에 배아를 가지고 커버 전표를 놓습니다. endochorion의 끊어지고 방지하기 위해 수평으로 배아를 주입, 보급률은 사후 극에서해야합니다. 주사, 그 바늘이 고정 유지하고 현미경의 단계로 이동합니다. </li><li> 배아 볼륨의 약 1-5%에 해당 솔루션의 0.2-0.5 NL을 주사. 사출 압력 및 시간을 조정하여 사출 볼륨을 제어합니다. 약간 숙이고, desiccated 배아들은 과장된 외관의 다음과 같은 사출을 회복해야합니다. </li><li> 벌금 포셉 또는 좋은 브러시를 사용하여 커버 슬립의 배아를 선택하고, 서부 유럽 표준시 면화으로 젖은 필터 종이와 플라스틱 비커에 넣습니다. 조직 종이로 비커를 커버. 테두리 탄성 밴드와 장소에 보관하고 4 일간 insectary 조건으로 돌아갑니다. </li></ol> 포스트 - 사출 <ol><li> 나흘 후, 음식의 작은 양의 큰 플라스틱 상자에 물을 조심스럽게 장소 배아 종이, 아래 배아 측. 배아는 매우 긴 기간 동안 부화 : 최소한 4-5주 사후 분사까지 문화를 던져하지 않습니다. </li></ol> 노트 주사에 대한 DNA 주사에 대한 플라스미드 DNA 솔루션은 EndoFree 플라스미드 키트를 사용하여 격리되었다. 구축 및 오른쪽 농도 함께 도우미 플라스미드 믹스, izopropanol 함께 시켰던. 펠렛은 사출 버퍼 resuspending하기 전에 70 % 에탄올로 씻은했다. 전에 주입, Millex - GV 칼럼을 사용하여 청소 DNA.

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		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>1x Injection solution</td>
<td>Buffer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>5mM KCl, 0.1mM sodium phosphate, ph 6. 8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Construct plasmid</td>
<td>DNA</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>0.5 mg/ml. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Helper plasmid</td>
<td>DNA</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>0.3 mg/ml </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>EndoFree Plasmid kit</td>
<td>Kit</td>
<td>Qiagen</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Millex-GV column</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>SLGV RO4 NL</td>
<td>To clean DNA.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Glass puller</td>
<td>Instrument</td>
<td>Sutter Instrument Co</td>
<td>Model P-87</td>
<td>Heat-815, Pull-10, Vel-10, Time-100.
Heat-700, Pull-30, Vel-36, Time-50
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Quartz puller</td>
<td>Instrument</td>
<td>Sutter Instrument Co</td>
<td>Model P-2000</td>
<td>Heat-275, Fil-3, Vel-38, Del-250, Pull-141</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Injection glass needles</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Prepared by drawing capillary tubing into a fine 3-8 um with a shaft of approximately 100-300 um micropipette puller. When the needle is new, the tip is sealed and usually breaks in the first or second injection or the glass needle tip can be beveled using a Brown type micro-pipette beveller (Sutter Instrument).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Aedes aegypti</td>
<td>Animal</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Male and female mosquitos, to obtain embryos.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Drosophila culture vial</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>For mosquito egg-laying.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Halocarbon oil</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Oil for desiccation: Halocarbon oil 700:Halocarbon oil 27(1:1)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Forceps No5</td>
<td>Tool</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Fine paintbrush</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sable</td>
<td>No. 0000</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Whatman paper</td>
<td>Tool</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Microloader</td>
<td>Tool</td>
<td>Eppendorf</td>
<td>5242 956.003</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Transjector</td>
<td>Tool</td>
<td>Eppendorf</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Microscope</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Leica</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>With moving stage and micromanipulator.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3MM Whatman paper</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>double sided tape</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>
			<div>
					</div>

microinjection of a. aegypti embryos to obtain transgenic mosquitoes

이 비디오에서는 Nijole Jasinskiene는 뎅그열 발열에 대한 벡터 아르 유전자 변형 Aedes aegypti 모기를 생성하기 위해 사용된 방법을 보여줍니다. 정확하게, microinjection의 바늘을 준비하는 배아를 d​​essicating, 그리고 microinjection을 수행하기위한 기술은 증명됩니다.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Microinjection of A. aegypti Embryos to Obtain Transgenic Mosquitoes at JoVE.com

Microinjection of A. aegypti Embryos to Obtain Transgenic Mosquitoes

트렌스 제닉 모기를 구하는 A. aegypti의 태아의 Microinjection

In this video, Nijole Jasinskiene demonstrates the methodology employed to generate transgenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are vectors for dengue ...

microinjection-of-a-aegypti-embryos-to-obtain-transgenic-mosquitoes

Research

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15.2K 조회수.  University of California, Irvine (UCI). 이 비디오에서는 Nijole Jasinskiene는 뎅그열 발열에 대한 벡터 아르 유전자 변형 Aedes aegypti 모기를 생성하기 위해 사용된 방법을 보여줍니다. 정확하게, microinjection의 바늘을 준비하는 배아를 d​​essicating, 그리고 microinjection을 수행하기위한 기술은 증명됩니다.

비디오: Microinjection of A. aegypti Embryos to Obtain Transgenic Mosquitoes

Injection of An. stephensi Embryos to Generate Malaria-resistant Mosquitoes

The introduction of exogenous genes into the genomes of mosquitoes requires microinjection techniques tailored to the specific species of interest. This video protocol demonstrates a method used by the James laboratory to microinject DNA constructs into Anopheles stephensi embryos for the generation of transformed mosquitoes. Techniques for preparing microinjection needles, collecting and preparing embryos and performing the microinjection are illustrated.

Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes are vectors for malaria inhabiting India and throughout Asia. This video demonstrates the technique for performing microinjections of this species with transgenes that will confer resistance to the malaria to the mosquito. Much of the methodology demonstrated in this video is applicable to microinjection techniques of other mosquito species.

의 사출. stephensi의 태아는 말라리아 방지 모기를 생성하는

The introduction of exogenous genes into the genomes of mosquitoes requires microinjection techniques tailored to the specific species of interest. This ...

연구

생물학

Protocol for Dengue Infections in Mosquitoes (A. aegypti) and Infection Phenotype Determination

The purpose of this procedure is to infect the Aedes mosquito with dengue virus in a laboratory condition and examine the infection level and dynamic of the virus in the mosquito tissues. This protocol is routinely used for studying mosquito-virus interactions, especially for identification of novel host factors that are able to determine vector competence. The entire experiment must be conducted in a BSL2 laboratory. Similar to Plasmodium falciparum infections, proper attire including gloves and lab coat must be worn at all times. After the experiment, all the materials that came in contact with the virus need to be treated with 75% ethanol and bleached before proceeding with normal washing. All other materials need to be autoclaved before discarding them.

Protocol for Dengue Infections in Mosquitoes A. aegypti and Infection Phenotype Determination

Once a gene is identified as potentially refractory for the dengue virus, it must be evaluated for it's role in preventing viral infections within the mosquito. This protocol illustrates how the extent of dengue infections of mosquitoes can be assayed. The techniques for growing up the virus in culture, membrane feeding mosquitoes human blood, and assaying viral titers in the mosquito midgut are demonstrated.

모기 (A. aegypti)와 감염 표현형 결정에 뎅그열 감염 프로토콜

The purpose of this procedure is to infect the Aedes mosquito with dengue virus in a laboratory condition and examine the infection level and dynamic of ...

Dissection of Midgut and Salivary Glands from Ae. aegypti Mosquitoes

The mosquito midgut and salivary glands are key entry and exit points for pathogens such as Plasmodium parasites and Dengue viruses. This video protocol demonstrates dissection techniques for removal of the midgut and salivary glands from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. 



The mosquito midgut and salivary glands are key entry and exit points for vector pathogens like Plasmodium falciparum and the dengue virus. This video demonstrates the dissection techniques for removing the midgut and salivary glands from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

애에서 Midgut과 침샘의 해부. aegypti 모기

The mosquito midgut and salivary glands are key entry and exit points for pathogens such as Plasmodium parasites and Dengue viruses. This video protocol ...

Building a Better Mosquito: Identifying the Genes Enabling Malaria and Dengue Fever Resistance in A. gambiae and A. aegypti Mosquitoes

In this interview, George Dimopoulos focuses on the physiological mechanisms used by mosquitoes to combat Plasmodium falciparum and dengue virus infections.   Explanation is given for how key refractory genes, those genes conferring resistance to vector pathogens, are identified in the mosquito and how this knowledge can be used to generate transgenic mosquitoes that are unable to carry the malaria parasite or dengue virus.

In this interview, George Dimopoulos focuses on the physiological mechanisms used by mosquitoes to combat Plasmodium falciparum and dengue virus infections. Explanation is given for how key refractory genes, those genes conferring resistance to vector pathogens, are identified in the mosquito and how this knowledge can be used to generate transgenic mosquitoes that are unable to carry the malaria parasite or dengue virus.

더 나은 모스키토 구축 : A. gambiae 및 A. aegypti 모기에 말라리아와 뎅그열 발열 저항을 사용 유전자를 확인

In this interview, George Dimopoulos focuses on the physiological mechanisms used by mosquitoes to combat Plasmodium falciparum and dengue virus ...

Generation of Stable Transgenic C. elegans Using Microinjection

Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans can be readily created via microinjection of a DNA plasmid solution into the gonad 1. The plasmid DNA rearranges to form extrachromosomal concatamers that are stably inherited, though not with the same efficiency as actual chromosomes 2. A gene of interest is co-injected with an obvious phenotypic marker, such as rol-6 or GFP, to allow selection of transgenic animals under a dissecting microscope. The exogenous gene may be expressed from its native promoter for cellular localization studies. Alternatively, the transgene can be driven by a different tissue-specific promoter to assess the role of the gene product in that particular cell or tissue. This technique efficiently drives gene expression in all tissues of C. elegans except for the germline or early embryo 3. Creation of transgenic animals is widely utilized for a range of experimental paradigms. This video demonstrates the microinjection procedure to generate transgenic worms. Furthermore, selection and maintenance of stable transgenic C. elegans lines is described.

This video demonstrates the technique of microinjection into the gonad of C. elegans to create transgenic animals.

Microinjection을 사용하여 안정적인 트렌스​​ 제닉 C. 엘레간스의 생성

Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans can be readily created via microinjection of a DNA plasmid solution into the gonad 1.  The plasmid DNA rearranges to ...

Microinjection of Zebrafish Embryos to Analyze Gene Function

One of the advantages of studying zebrafish is the ease and speed of manipulating protein levels in the embryo.  Morpholinos, which are synthetic oligonucleotides with antisense complementarity to target RNAs, can be added to the embryo to reduce the expression of a particular gene product.  Conversely, processed mRNA can be added to the embryo to increase levels of a gene product.  The vehicle for adding either mRNA or morpholino to an embryo is microinjection.  Microinjection is efficient and rapid, allowing for the injection of hundreds of embryos per hour.  This video shows all the steps involved in microinjection.  Briefly, eggs are collected immediately after being laid and lined up against a microscope slide in a Petri dish.  Next, a fine-tipped needle loaded with injection material is connected to a microinjector and an air source, and the microinjector controls are adjusted to produce a desirable injection volume.  Finally, the needle is plunged into the embryo's yolk and the morpholino or mRNA is expelled.

This video shows how morpholino or mRNA can be injected into zebrafish embryos at the one-cell stage to decrease or increase the level of specific gene products during subsequent development.

유전자 기능을 분석 Zebrafish 배아들 중 Microinjection

One of the advantages of studying zebrafish is the ease and speed of manipulating protein levels in the embryo.  Morpholinos, which are synthetic ...

Microinjection of Medaka Embryos for use as a Model Genetic Organism

In this video, we demonstrate the technique of microinjection into one-cell stage medaka embryos. Medaka is a small egg-laying freshwater fish that allows both genetic and embryological analyses and is one of the vertebrate model organisms in which genome-wide phenotype-driven mutant screens were carried out 1, as in zebrafish and the mouse. Divergence of functional overlap of related genes between medaka and zebrafish allows identification of novel phenotypes that are unidentifiable in a single species 2, thus medaka and zebrafish are complementary for genetic dissection of vertebrate genome functions.
To take advantage of medaka fish whose embryos are transparent and develop externally, microinjection is an essential technique to inject cell-tracers for labeling cells, mRNAs or anti-sense oligonucleotides for over-expressing and knocking-down genes of interest, and DNAs for making transgenic lines.

Medaka and zebrafish are complementary for genetic dissection of vertebrate genome functions. This protocol highlights the key points for successful microinjection into medaka embryos, an important technique for embryological and genetic analysis using medaka and zebrafish in a laboratory.

모델 생물체 유전자로 사용하기 위해 Medaka의 태아의 Microinjection

In this video, we demonstrate the technique of microinjection into one-cell stage medaka embryos. Medaka is a small egg-laying freshwater fish that allows ...

RNAi-mediated Gene Knockdown and In Vivo Diuresis Assay in Adult Female Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

This video protocol demonstrates an effective technique to knockdown a particular gene in an insect and conduct a novel bioassay to measure excretion rate. This method can be used to obtain a better understanding of the process of diuresis in insects and is especially useful in the study of diuresis in blood-feeding arthropods that are able to take up huge amounts of liquid in a single blood meal. 
This RNAi-mediated gene knockdown combined with an in vivo diuresis assay was developed by the Hansen lab to study the effects of RNAi-mediated knockdown of aquaporin genes on Aedes aegypti mosquito diuresis1. 
The protocol is setup in two parts: the first demonstration illustrates how to construct a simple mosquito injection device and how to prepare and inject dsRNA into the thorax of mosquitoes for RNAi-mediated gene knockdown. The second demonstration illustrates how to determine excretion rates in mosquitoes using an in vivo bioassay.

RNAi-mediated Gene Knockdown and In Vivo Diuresis Assay in Adult Female Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

In this protocol we combine RNAi-mediated gene silencing with an in vivo diuresis assay to study the effects knockdown of genes of interest has on mosquito fluid excretion.

RNAi - 중재 유전자 최저 및<em&gt; VIVO에서</em성인 여자의&gt; 이뇨 분석<em&gt; Aedes aegypti</em&gt; 모기

This video protocol demonstrates an effective technique to knockdown a particular gene in an insect and conduct a novel bioassay to measure excretion ...

Generation of Transgenic Hydra by Embryo Microinjection

As a member of the phylum Cnidaria, the sister group to all bilaterians, Hydra can shed light on fundamental biological processes shared among multicellular animals. Hydra is used as a model for the study of regeneration, pattern formation, and stem cells. However, research efforts have been hampered by lack of a reliable method for gene perturbations to study molecular function. The development of transgenic methods has revitalized the study of Hydra biology1. Transgenic Hydra allow for the tracking of live cells, sorting to yield pure cell populations for biochemical analysis, manipulation of gene function by knockdown and over-expression, and analysis of promoter function. Plasmid DNA injected into early stage embryos randomly integrates into the genome early in development. This results in hatchlings that express transgenes in patches of tissue in one or more of the three lineages (ectodermal epithelial, endodermal epithelial, or interstitial). The success rate of obtaining a hatchling with transgenic tissue is between 10% and 20%. Asexual propagation of the transgenic hatchling is used to establish a uniformly transgenic line in a particular lineage. Generating transgenic Hydra is surprisingly simple and robust, and here we describe a protocol that can be easily implemented at low cost.

Generation of Transgenic Hydra by Embryo Microinjection

Stably transgenic Hydra are made by microinjection of plasmid DNA into embryos followed by random genomic integration and asexual propagation to establish a uniform line. Transgenic Hydra are used to track cell movements, overexpress genes, study promoter function, or knock down gene expression using RNAi.

형질 전환의 세대<em&gt; 히드라</em&gt; 배아 미세 주입에 의해

As a member of the phylum Cnidaria, the sister group to all bilaterians, Hydra can shed light on fundamental biological processes shared among ...

Maintaining Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Infected with Wolbachia

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes experimentally infected with Wolbachia are being utilized in programs to control the spread of arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika. Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes can be released into the field to either reduce population sizes through incompatible matings or to transform populations with mosquitoes that are refractory to virus transmission. For these strategies to succeed, the mosquitoes released into the field from the laboratory must be competitive with native mosquitoes. However, maintaining mosquitoes in the laboratory can result in inbreeding, genetic drift and laboratory adaptation which can reduce their fitness in the field and may confound the results of experiments. To test the suitability of different Wolbachia infections for deployment in the field, it is necessary to maintain mosquitoes in a controlled laboratory environment across multiple generations. We describe a simple protocol for maintaining Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in the laboratory, which is suitable for both Wolbachia-infected and wild-type mosquitoes. The methods minimize laboratory adaptation and implement outcrossing to increase the relevance of experiments to field mosquitoes. Additionally, colonies are maintained under optimal conditions to maximize their fitness for open field releases.

Maintaining Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Infected with Wolbachia

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia are being released into natural populations to suppress the transmission of arboviruses. We describe methods to rear Ae. aegypti with Wolbachia infections in the laboratory for experiments and field release, taking precautions to minimize laboratory adaptation and selection.

Aedes aegypti 모기 감염 Wolbachia 유지

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes experimentally infected with Wolbachia are being utilized in programs to control the spread of arboviruses such as dengue, ...