우리는 환자의 조직 샘플 수집에 대한 지원은 미네소타 대학의 조직 조달 시설의 직원에게 감사의 말씀을 전합니다. 이 작품은 MB에 미네소타 난소 암 얼라이언스와 MB의 부인과 종양학 부서 기금에 의해, 랜디 면도기 암 연구 및 MB에 커뮤니티 기금, 국방부의 난소 암 연구 프로그램 (OCRP) MB에 OC093424에 의해 지원되었다. 출자자는 연구 설계, 데이터 수집 및 분석, 게시 할 수있는 결정 또는 원고의 준비에 역할을했다.

윤리 정책 난소 암의 고체 시료는 기관 심사위원회위원회 후 미네소타 대학의 조직 조달 시설 (TPF)으로 하였다 : 인간의 제목위원회 (IRB)의 승인을. 1. 시약 설치 <ol><li> 10 % FBS, 100 단위 페니실린 - 스트렙토 마이신과 DMEM을 보완하여 완전한 DMEM 매체를 준비합니다. 4 ° C에서 미디어를 저장하고 따뜻한 37 ° C는 사용하기 전에. </li><li> 다수의 동결을 방지하기 위해 5 ~ 10 ㎖를 별도의 볼륨으로 나누어지는 디스 파제 II는 nonfrost없는 냉동고에 -20 ° C에서 해동 및 저장. </li></ol> 2. 조직 컬렉션 <ol><li> 거시적으로 병리학 자에 의해 암으로 확인 된 지역에서 수술시 난소 암 (크기 ~ 5의 g)의 고체 시료를 수집합니다. 임상 표본 드 식별 및 기관 프로토콜에 따라 등록됩니다. </li><li> 멸균, 사우스 캐롤라이나에있는 표본을 배치REW 뚜껑, 폴리 프로필렌은 빙냉 PBS 30 ㎖로 채워진 용기 표본. 시험편 컬렉션에서 30 분 (그림 1) 내에서, 얼음 처리를 위해 연구소에 외과 병리 실험실에서 시료를 수송한다. </li></ol> 3. 조직 처리 <ol><li> 멸균 조건 하에서 작동하는 페트리 접시 위에 시료 (60mm X 60mm) 신선 빙냉 PBS 10 ㎖를 함유하고 추가로 (2 ㎜ 이하)가 가능한 작은 조각으로 잘라 멸균 면도날을 사용하여 (전송 도 2a 및도 2 B). </li><li> DMEM에 디스 파제 II (2.4 U / ㎖) (30 분 37 ° C) 데워진 10 ㎖를 포함하는 15 ML 원뿔 튜브에 다진 조직을 전송하고 30 분 동안 5 % CO 2와 37 ° C에서 알을 품다. 표본의 최적의 소화를 보장하기 위해, 수동으로 세포 슬러리마다 5 분을 선동. </li><li> 30 분 배양, 전송 (사용 후10 ㎖의 혈청 피펫) 셀 스트레이너 (70 μM 메쉬) 상으로 세포 슬러리를 50 ㎖ 원추형 튜브의 상단에 배치하고 시린지 플런저를 사용하여 메시에 대해 완만 한 압력을 적용 할 수있다. (메쉬의 상단에 남아있는) 모든 해리되지 않은 조직을 무시하고 50 ㎖ 멸균 원뿔 관에서 얻은 세포 현탁액을 수집합니다. 4 ° C에서 7 분 (그림 3)에 대한 320 XG에 원심 분리기. </li><li> 상층 액을 버리고 10 % FBS를 함유하는 DMEM으로 10 ㎖ 중에 세포 펠렛을 재현 탁. </li><li> 셀 5 % CO 2에서 배양 접시에있는 서스펜션과 37 ° C (그림 4)을 품어. </li><li> 초기 도금에서 24 시간 후 매체를 변경합니다. 이 세포 파편의 제거 및 문화에 존재하는 적혈구의 대부분을 수 있습니다. </li><li> 매체에게 차 EOC의 문화가 다운 스트림 애플리케이션을위한 준비가 된 후 다음 두 주 동안 매 3 일, 변경합니다. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Kurman, R. J., Visvanathan, K., Roden, R., Wu, T. C., Ie M, S. h. i. h. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+detection+and+treatment+of+ovarian+cancer:+shifting+from+early+stage+to+minimal+volume+of+disease+based+on+a+new+model+of+carcinogenesis.">Early detection and treatment of ovarian cancer: shifting from early stage to minimal volume of disease based on a new model of carcinogenesis.</a> Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 198 (4), 351-356 (2008).</li><li>Kuhn, E., Kurman, R. J., Shih, I. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ovarian+Cancer+Is+an+Imported+Disease:+Fact+or+Fiction.">Ovarian Cancer Is an Imported Disease: Fact or Fiction.</a> Curr. Obstet. Gynecol. Rep. 1 (1), 1-9 (2012).</li><li>Sarojini, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+detection+biomarkers+for+ovarian.">Early detection biomarkers for ovarian.</a> J. Oncol. , (2012).</li><li>Shepherd, T. G., Theriault, B. L., Campbell, E. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nachtigal+M.W.+Primary+culture+of+ovarian+surface+epithelial+cells+and+ascites-derived+ovarian+cancer+cells+from+patients.">Nachtigal M.W. Primary culture of ovarian surface epithelial cells and ascites-derived ovarian cancer cells from patients.</a> Nat. Protoc. 1 (6), 2643-2649 (2006).</li><li>Tsao, S. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+human+ovarian+surface+epithelial+cells+immortalized+by+human+papilloma+viral+oncogenes+(HPV-E6E7+ORFs).">Characterization of human ovarian surface epithelial cells immortalized by human papilloma viral oncogenes (HPV-E6E7 ORFs).</a> Exp. Cell. Res. 218 (2), 499-507 (1995).</li><li>Auersperg, N., Maines-Bandiera, S. L., Dyck, H. G., Kruk, P. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+cultured+human+ovarian+surface+epithelial+cells:+phenotypic+plasticity+and+premalignant+changes.">Characterization of cultured human ovarian surface epithelial cells: phenotypic plasticity and premalignant changes.</a> Lab. Invest. 71 (4), 510-518 (1994).</li><li>Brewer, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+model+of+normal,+immortalized+ovarian+surface+epithelial+and+ovarian+cancer+cells+for+chemoprevention+of+ovarian+cancer.">In vitro model of normal, immortalized ovarian surface epithelial and ovarian cancer cells for chemoprevention of ovarian cancer.</a> Gynecol. Oncol. 98 (2), 182-192 (2005).</li><li>Sueblinvong, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment,+characterization+and+downstream+application+of+primary+ovarian+cancer+cells+derived+from+solid+tumors.">Establishment, characterization and downstream application of primary ovarian cancer cells derived from solid tumors.</a> PLoS One. 7 (11), (2012).</li><li>Rockwell, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo-in+vitro+tumour+cell+lines:+characteristics+and+limitations+as+models+for+human+cancer.">In vivo-in vitro tumour cell lines: characteristics and limitations as models for human cancer.</a> Br. J. Cancer Suppl. 41 (4), 118-122 (1980).</li><li>Wong, C., Chen, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+development,+application+and+limitations+of+breast+cancer+cell+lines+to+study+tamoxifen+and+aromatase+inhibitor+resistance.">The development, application and limitations of breast cancer cell lines to study tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitor resistance.</a> J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 131 (3-5), 83-92 (2012).</li></ol>

저자가 공개하는 게 없다.

난소 암의 병인학 및 개발의 더 나은 이해가이 파괴적인 질환에 의해 영향을 여성의 결과를 개선하기 위해 매우 중요하다. 이러한 상황에서의 사용은 설립 &quot;시판되는&quot;난소 암 세포주는 의심 할 여지없이 대단히 유용왔다. 그러나 오늘 우리는 암 세포 라인들은 이성 9,10의 부족 등 많은 측면에서 시작된 인간의 종양을 반영하지 않고 있다는 것도 알고있다. 여?...

상대적으로 낮은 발병률에도 불구하고, 난소 암은 부인과 질환과 여성, 2 중 암 사망의 다섯 번째 주요 원인의 치명적인입니다. 이 충실히 질병 3의 개시 및 진행을 요점을 되풀이 신뢰할 수있는 도구와 모델의 부족에 주로 기인한다. 난소 암에 대한 우리의 지식 오늘날 대부분 ascitic 유체 4-7로부터 회수 불멸화 난소 표면 상피 세포 (잃었 지), 난소 암 세포주 및 일차 난소 암 세포의 사용을 통해 가능했습니다. 불행히도, 그들의 사용은 불멸화 과정 또는 체외 통로에 관련된 유전자와 표현형의 변화의 수와 ascitic 유체 준비로 인한 인구의 이질성 등 여러 가지 제한 사항이 있습니다. 따라서 난소 암의 식별과 특정한 고체 시료 유래 차 난소 암세포 UNIQU을 나타내는난소 암의 진행을 연구하는 전자 도구입니다. 획득이 악성 세포에 관련된 주요 문제는 생존의 손실이 EOC 세포의 배양에서 증식 능력의 조기 부족과 함께 간질 세포 또는 섬유 아세포의 증식에 기인한다. 고형 종양에서 단일 세포 현탁액을 만들 수있는 몇 가지 방법은 현재 기계적인 방법 또는 효소 분해를 통해, 그러나 특정 기술을 선호하는 결과 8의 큰 금액을 산출 존재한다. 여기, 우리는 표시가 가능한, 섬유 아세포 무료 EOC 세포의 효과적인 복구 디스 파제 II 결과에 소화 효소. 이렇게 얻어진 EOC의 문화 유전자 조작에 매우 민감하고 또한 약물 선별 검사에 유용하다, 이러한 EOC 문화가 다양한 다운 스트림 애플리케이션에 적합하다는 것을 나타낸다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="720">
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	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">REAGENTS:</td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1X PBS, sterile&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">14190-144</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">&#160;Screw lid, polypropylene specimen container, sterile (Thermoscientific)</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Thermoscientific</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">02 1090</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#160;DMEM medium, sterile&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">11995-065</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">&#160;Fetal bovine serum, sterile</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Thermo Scientific Hyclone</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">SH30396.03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">&#160;100x penicillin-streptomycin, liquid (Invitrogen)</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#160;Dispase II, sterile (Roche)</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Roche</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">04942 078 001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">&#160;Small fine-tip forceps and scalpel blade, sterile</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">forceps: 08-953E, blades: 08-927-5D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#160;Small dissecting scissors, sterile</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">08-945</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">&#160;15 ml conical capped tubes, sterile (BD Falcon)</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">BD, Falcon</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:155px;">352097</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">50 ml conical capped tubes, sterile (BD Falcon)</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">BD, Falcon</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:155px;">352027</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#160;10 ml serological pipette, sterile&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">13-678-11E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">6 ml syringe plunger, sterile&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Tyco Healthcare</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:155px;">8881516911</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Nylon filter (70 &#956;m ) cell strainer, sterile (BD Falcon)</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">BD Falcon</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:155px;">352350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">5-cm Petri dish, sterile&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Corning</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:155px;">430166</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">10-cm Petri dish, sterile&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Corning</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:155px;">430167</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

method for obtaining primary ovarian cancer cells from solid specimens

난소 암의 개시 및 진행을 조사하는 신뢰할 수있는 도구가 절실히 필요합니다. 난소 암 세포주의 사용이 난소 암을 이해하기위한 유용한 도구가 남아 있지만, 이들의 사용은 많은 제한이있다. 이러한 이질성의 부족 및 확장 체외 계대과 관련된 유전 변경의 과다 있습니다. 여기에서 우리는 기본 난소 암 세포의 빠른 구축을 허용하는 방법은 수술시에 수집 된 고체 임상 검체를 형성 기술한다. 상기 방법은 30 분 동안 효소 소화에 임상 검체를 행하여 이루어져있다. 격리 된 세포 현탁액을 성장시킨다 및 약물 스크리닝 하류 애플리케이션에 사용될 수있다. 설립 난소 암 세포주 이상의 일차 난소 암 세포주의 이점은 그들이 유래되고 다른 사이트 여부로부터 유도 될 수있는 일본어 특정 임상 검체의 대표 점이다 프리마공예 또는 전이성 난소 암.

난소 암의 임상 검체는 신선한 (도 1)는 수술 후 수거하고, 세포 슬러리를 구성하는 작은 조각 (도 2a 및 2b)에서 절단된다. 이 효소 치료에 대한 표본의 최적의 노출을 할 수 있습니다. 셀룰라 슬러리 소화 효소에 노출하고, 30 분간 37 ℃에서 배양된다. 배양 시간 동안 슬러리 (특히 각 교반 후) 점차 구름이되고이 조직 세분화의 표시이다. 배양 시간의 끝에서, 슬...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Method for Obtaining Primary Ovarian Cancer Cells From Solid Specimens at JoVE.com

Method for Obtaining Primary Ovarian Cancer Cells From Solid Specimens

이 연구는 고체 임상 검체에서 기본 난소 암 세포의 분리 및 특성에 대한 자세한 방법을 설명합니다. 난소 암 임상 검체는 다운 스트림 애플리케이션에 매우 적합 가능한, 섬유 아세포없는 상피 난소 암 (EOC) 세포를 얻기 위해 소화 효소를 실시하고 있습니다.

고체 시편에서 기본 난소 암 세포를 얻는 방법

Reliable tools for investigating ovarian cancer initiation and progression are urgently needed. While the use of ovarian cancer cell lines remains a ...

method-for-obtaining-primary-ovarian-cancer-cells-from-solid-specimens

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

13.4K 조회수.  University of Minnesota.  이 연구는 고체 임상 검체에서 기본 난소 암 세포의 분리 및 특성에 대한 자세한 방법을 설명합니다. 난소 암 임상 검체는 다운 스트림 애플리케이션에 매우 적합 가능한, 섬유 아세포없는 상피 난소 암 (EOC) 세포를 얻기 위해 소화 효소를 실시하고 있습니다. 

비디오: Method for Obtaining Primary Ovarian Cancer Cells From Solid Specimens

Method for Novel Anti-Cancer Drug Development using Tumor Explants of Surgical Specimens

The current therapies for malignant glioma have only palliative effect. For therapeutic development, one hurdle is the discrepancy of efficacy determined by current drug efficacy tests and the efficacy on patients. Thus, novel and reliable methods for evaluating drug efficacy are warranted in pre-clinical phase. In vitro culture of tumor tissues, including cell lines, has substantial phenotypic, genetic, and epigenetic alterations of cancer cells caused by artificial environment of cell culture, which may not reflect the biology of original tumors in situ. Xenograft models with the immunodeficient mice also have limitations, i.e., the lack of immune system and interspecies genetic and epigenetic discrepancies in microenvironment. Here, we demonstrate a novel method using the surgical specimens of malignant glioma as undissociated tumor blocks to evaluate treatment effects. To validate this method, data with the current first-line chemotherapeutic agent, temozolomide (TMZ), are described.


We used the freshly-removed surgical specimen of malignant glioma for our experiments. We performed intratumoral injection of TMZ or other drug candidates, followed by incubation and analysis on surgical specimens. Here, we sought to establish a tumor tissue explant method as a platform to determine the efficacy of novel anti-cancer therapies so that we may be able to overcome, at least, some of the current limitations and fill the existing gap between the current experimental data and the efficacy on an actual patient's tumor. This method may have the potential to accelerate identifying novel chemotherapeutic agents for solid cancer treatment.

Here, we established a method for drug efficacy testing with surgical specimens of brain tumors, termed &#x201C;tumor explant method&#x201D;. With this method, we can evaluate drug efficacy without breaking the microenvironment of solid tumors. To validate reliability of this method, we describe representative data with our glioma specimen treated with the current first-line chemotherapeutic agent, temozolomide.

외과 종양 표본의 Explants를 사용하여 소설 안티 - 암 의약품 개발을위한 방법


The current therapies for malignant glioma have only palliative effect. For therapeutic development, one hurdle is the discrepancy of efficacy determined ...

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Time-lapse Imaging of Primary Preneoplastic Mammary Epithelial Cells Derived from Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Breast Cancer

Time-lapse imaging can be used to compare behavior of cultured primary preneoplastic mammary epithelial cells derived from different genetically engineered mouse models of breast cancer. For example, time between cell divisions (cell lifetimes), apoptotic cell numbers, evolution of morphological changes, and mechanism of colony formation can be quantified and compared in cells carrying specific genetic lesions. Primary mammary epithelial cell cultures are generated from mammary glands without palpable tumor. Glands are carefully resected with clear separation from adjacent muscle, lymph nodes are removed, and single-cell suspensions of enriched mammary epithelial cells are generated by mincing mammary tissue followed by enzymatic dissociation and filtration. Single-cell suspensions are plated and placed directly under a microscope within an incubator chamber for live-cell imaging. Sixteen 650 &mu;m x 700 &mu;m fields in a 4x4 configuration from each well of a 6-well plate are imaged every 15 min for 5 days. Time-lapse images are examined directly to measure cellular behaviors that can include mechanism and frequency of cell colony formation within the first 24 hr of plating the cells (aggregation versus cell proliferation), incidence of apoptosis, and phasing of morphological changes. Single-cell tracking is used to generate cell fate maps for measurement of individual cell lifetimes and investigation of cell division patterns. Quantitative data are statistically analyzed to assess for significant differences in behavior correlated with specific genetic lesions.

Time-lapse imaging is used to assess behavior of primary preneoplastic mammary epithelial cells derived from genetically engineered mouse models of breast cancer risk to determine if there are correlations between specific behavioral parameters and distinct genetic lesions.

기본 Preneoplastic 유방 상피 세포의 시간 경과 영상은 유방암의 유전자 변형 마우스 모델에서 파생

Time-lapse  imaging can be used to compare behavior of cultured primary preneoplastic  mammary epithelial cells derived from different genetically ...

A Sensitive Method to Quantify Senescent Cancer Cells

Human cells do not indefinitely proliferate. Upon external and/or intrinsic cues, cells might die or enter a stable cell cycle arrest called senescence. Several cellular mechanisms, such as telomere shortening and abnormal expression of mitogenic oncogenes, have been shown to cause senescence. Senescence is not restricted to normal cells; cancer cells have also been reported to senesce.
	Chemotherapeutical drugs have been shown to induce senescence in cancer cells. However, it remains controversial whether senescence prevents or promotes tumorigenesis. As it might eventually be patient-specific, a rapid and sensitive method to assess senescence in cancer cell will soon be required.
	To this end, the standard &beta;-galactosidase assay, the currently used method, presents major drawbacks: it is time consuming and not sensitive. We propose here a flow cytometry-based assay to study senescence on live cells. This assay offers the advantage of being rapid, sensitive, and can be coupled to the immunolabeling of various cellular markers.

Whether senescence prevents or promotes tumorigenesis remains controversial. Since chemotherapeutical drugs can induce cancer cells to senesce, studying senescence is essential for proposing new therapies. However, the standard and broadly used &beta;-galactosidase assay presents major drawbacks. We propose here a rapid and sensitive flow cytometry-based assay to quantify senescence.

노화 암 세포를 정량화하는 민감한 방법

Human cells do not indefinitely proliferate. Upon external and/or intrinsic  cues, cells might die or enter a stable cell cycle arrest called senescence. ...

Isolation of Cancer Stem Cells From Human Prostate Cancer Samples

The cancer stem cell (CSC) model has been considerably revisited over the last two decades. During this time CSCs have been identified and directly isolated from human tissues and serially propagated in immunodeficient mice, typically through antibody labeling of subpopulations of cells and fractionation by flow cytometry. However, the unique clinical features of prostate cancer have considerably limited the study of prostate CSCs from fresh human tumor samples. We recently reported the isolation of prostate CSCs directly from human tissues by virtue of their HLA class I (HLAI)-negative phenotype. Prostate cancer cells are harvested from surgical specimens and mechanically dissociated. A cell suspension is generated and labeled with fluorescently conjugated HLAI and stromal antibodies. Subpopulations of HLAI-negative cells are finally isolated using a flow cytometer. The principal limitation of this protocol is the frequently microscopic and multifocal nature of primary cancer in prostatectomy specimens. Nonetheless, isolated live prostate CSCs are suitable for molecular characterization and functional validation by transplantation in immunodeficient mice.

The isolation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) directly from human tissues is requisite for their biological characterization. This manuscript describes a methodology for the isolation of prostate CSCs from human tissues, while also providing tips on troubleshooting difficult steps.

인간의 전립선 암 샘플에서 암 줄기 세포의 분리

The cancer stem cell (CSC) model has been considerably revisited over the last two decades. During this time CSCs have been identified and directly ...

Two Methods for Establishing Primary Human Endometrial Stromal Cells from Hysterectomy Specimens

Many efforts have been devoted to establish in vitro cell culture systems. These systems are designed to model a vast number of in vivo processes. Cell culture systems arising from human endometrial samples are no exception. Applications range from normal cyclic physiological processes to endometrial pathologies such as gynecological cancers, infectious diseases, and reproductive deficiencies. Here, we provide two methods for establishing primary endometrial stromal cells from surgically resected endometrial hysterectomy specimens. The first method is referred to as &#8220;the scraping method&#8221; and incorporates mechanical scraping using surgical or razor blades whereas the second method is termed &#8220;the trypsin method.&#8221; This latter method uses the enzymatic activity of trypsin to promote the separation of cells and primary cell outgrowth. We illustrate step-by-step methodology through digital images and microscopy. We also provide examples for validating endometrial stromal cell lines via quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (qPCR) and immunofluorescence (IF).

Establishing primary endometrial stromal cell culture systems from hysterectomy specimens is a valuable biological technique and a crucial step prior to pursuing a vast array of research aims. Here, we describe two methods used to establish stromal cultures from surgically resected endometrial tissues of human patients.&#160;

자궁 적출술 검체에서 차 인간의 자궁 내막 기질 세포를 구축하는 두 가지 방법

Many efforts have been devoted to establish in vitro cell culture systems. These systems are designed to model a vast number of in vivo processes. Cell ...

Assessment of Ovarian Cancer Spheroid Attachment and Invasion of Mesothelial Cells in Real Time

Ovarian cancers metastasize by shedding into the peritoneal fluid and dispersing to distal sites within the peritoneum. Monolayer cultures do not accurately model the behaviors of cancer cells within a nonadherent environment, as cancer cells inherently aggregate into multicellular structures which contribute to the metastatic process by attaching to and invading the peritoneal lining to form secondary tumors. To model this important stage of ovarian cancer metastasis, multicellular aggregates, or spheroids, can be generated from established ovarian cancer cell lines maintained under nonadherent conditions. To mimic the peritoneal microenvironment encountered by tumor cells in vivo, a spheroid-mesothelial co-culture model was established in which preformed spheroids are plated on top of a human mesothelial cell monolayer, formed over an extracellular matrix barrier. Methods were then developed using a real-time cell analyzer to conduct quantitative real time measurements of the invasive capacity of different ovarian cancer cell lines grown as spheroids. This approach allows for the continuous measurement of invasion over long periods of time, which has several advantages over traditional endpoint assays and more laborious real time microscopy image analyses. In short, this method enables a rapid, determination of factors which regulate the interactions between ovarian cancer spheroid cells invading through mesothelial and matrix barriers over time.

Ovarian cancer cell invasion into the mesothelial lining of the peritoneum is a dynamic process over time. Utilizing a real time analyzer, the invasive capacity of ovarian cancer cells in a spheroid-mesothelial cell co-culture model can be quantified over prolonged time periods, providing insights into factors regulating the metastatic process.

실시간으로 중피 세포의 난소 암 회전 타원체의 부착과 침략의 평가

Ovarian cancers metastasize by shedding into the peritoneal fluid and dispersing to distal sites within the peritoneum. Monolayer cultures do not ...

Murine Model for Non-invasive Imaging to Detect and Monitor Ovarian Cancer Recurrence

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the United States. Although patients initially respond to the current standard of care consisting of surgical debulking and combination chemotherapy consisting of platinum and taxane compounds, almost 90% of patients recur within a few years. In these patients the development of chemoresistant disease limits the efficacy of currently available chemotherapy agents and therefore contributes to the high mortality. To discover novel therapy options that can target recurrent disease, appropriate animal models that closely mimic the clinical profile of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer are required. The challenge in monitoring intra-peritoneal (i.p.) disease limits the use of i.p. models and thus most xenografts are established subcutaneously. We have developed a sensitive optical imaging platform that allows the detection and anatomical location of i.p. tumor mass. The platform includes the use of optical reporters that extend from the visible light range to near infrared, which in combination with 2-dimensional X-ray co-registration can provide anatomical location of molecular signals. Detection is significantly improved by the use of a rotation system that drives the animal to multiple angular positions for 360 degree imaging, allowing the identification of tumors that are not visible in single orientation. This platform provides a unique model to non-invasively monitor tumor growth and evaluate the efficacy of new therapies for the prevention or treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer.

We describe a non-invasive animal imaging platform that allows the detection, quantification, and monitoring of ovarian cancer growth and recurrence. This intra-peritoneal xenograft model mimics the clinical profile of patients with ovarian cancer.

비 침습적 영상에 대한 생쥐 모델 검색 및 모니터 난소 암 재발

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the United States. Although patients initially respond to the current standard of ...

Enrichment for Chemoresistant Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells from Human Cell Lines

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a subset of slow cycling and undifferentiated cells that divide asymmetrically to generate highly proliferative, invasive, and chemoresistant tumor cells. Therefore, CSCs are an attractive population of cells to target therapeutically. CSCs are predicted to contribute to a number of types of malignancies including those in the blood, brain, lung, gastrointestinal tract, prostate, and ovary. Isolating and enriching a tumor cell population for CSCs will enable researchers to study the properties, genetics, and therapeutic response of CSCs. We generated a protocol that reproducibly enriches for ovarian cancer CSCs from ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and OVCA429). Cell lines are treated with 20 &#181;M cisplatin for 3 days. Surviving cells are isolated and cultured in a serum-free stem cell media containing cytokines and growth factors. We demonstrate an enrichment of these purified CSCs by analyzing the isolated cells for known stem cell markers Oct4, Nanog, and Prom1 (CD133) and cell surface expression of CD177 and CD133. The CSCs exhibit increased chemoresistance. This method for isolation of CSCs is a useful tool for studying the role of CSCs in chemoresistance and tumor relapse.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are&#160;implicated in tumor relapse due to chemoresistance. We have optimized a protocol for selection and expansion of CSCs from ovarian cancer cell lines. By treating cells with the chemotherapeutic cisplatin and culturing&#160;in a stem cell promoting media we enrich for non-adherent CSC cultures.

인간 세포주에서 Chemoresistant 난소 암 줄기 세포에 대한 심화 학습

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a subset of slow cycling and undifferentiated cells that divide asymmetrically to generate highly proliferative, ...

Quantitative Mass Spectrometric Profiling of Cancer-cell Proteomes Derived From Liquid and Solid Tumors

In-depth analyses of cancer cell proteomes are needed to elucidate oncogenic pathomechanisms, as well as to identify potential drug targets and diagnostic biomarkers. However, methods for quantitative proteomic characterization of patient-derived tumors and in particular their cellular subpopulations are largely lacking. Here we describe an experimental set-up that allows quantitative analysis of proteomes of cancer cell subpopulations derived from either liquid or solid tumors. This is achieved by combining cellular enrichment strategies with quantitative Super-SILAC-based mass spectrometry followed by bioinformatic data analysis. To enrich specific cellular subsets, liquid tumors are first immunophenotyped by flow cytometry followed by FACS-sorting; for solid tumors, laser-capture microdissection is used to purify specific cellular subpopulations. In a second step, proteins are extracted from the purified cells and subsequently combined with a tumor-specific, SILAC-labeled spike-in standard that enables protein quantification. The resulting protein mixture is subjected to either gel electrophoresis or Filter Aided Sample Preparation (FASP) followed by tryptic digestion. Finally, tryptic peptides are analyzed using a hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer, and the data obtained are processed with bioinformatic software suites including MaxQuant. By means of the workflow presented here, up to 8,000 proteins can be identified and quantified in patient-derived samples, and the resulting protein expression profiles can be compared among patients to identify diagnostic proteomic signatures or potential drug targets.

In-depth analyses of cancer cell proteomes facilitate identification of novel drug targets and diagnostic biomarkers. We describe an experimental workflow for quantitative analysis of (phospho-)proteomes in cancer cell subpopulations derived from liquid and solid tumors. This is achieved by combining cellular enrichment strategies with quantitative Super-SILAC-based mass spectrometry.

액체 및 고체 종양 유래의 암세포 프로테옴 정량적 질량 분석 프로파일

In-depth analyses of cancer cell proteomes are needed to elucidate oncogenic pathomechanisms, as well as to identify potential drug targets and diagnostic ...

In vitro Enrichment of Ovarian Cancer Tumor-initiating Cells

Evidence suggests that small subpopulations of tumor cells maintain a unique self-renewing and differentiation capacity and may be responsible for tumor initiation and/or relapse. Clarifying the mechanisms by which these tumor-initiating cells (TICs) support tumor formation and progression could lead to the development of clinically favorable therapies. Ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous and highly recurrent disease. Recent studies suggest TICs may play an important role in disease biology. We have identified culture conditions that enrich for TICs from ovarian cancer cell lines. Growing either adherent cells or non-adherent &#8216;floater&#8217; cells in a low attachment plate with serum free media in the presence of growth factors supports the propagation of ovarian cancer TICs with stem cell markers (CD133 and ALDH activity) and increased tumorigenicity without the need to physically separate the TICs from other cell types within the culture. Although the presence of floater cells is not common for all cell lines, this population of cells with innate low adherence may have high tumorigenic potential.Compared to adherent cells grown in the presence of serum, TICs readily form spheres, are significantly more tumorigenic in mice, and express putative stem cell markers. The conditions are easy to establish in a timely manner and can be used to study signaling pathways important for maintaining stem characteristics, and to identify drugs or combinations of drugs targeting TICs. The culture conditions described herein are applicable for a variety of ovarian cancer cells of epithelial origin and will be critical in providing new information about the role of TICs in tumor initiation, progression, and relapse.

In vitro Enrichment of Ovarian Cancer Tumor-initiating Cells

Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) may represent a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of ovarian cancer, a highly recurrent and fatal disease. We present a protocol for culture conditions that enrich for this highly tumorigenic population of cells.

난소 암 종양 시작 세포의 생체 농축에

Evidence suggests that small subpopulations of tumor cells maintain a unique self-renewing and differentiation capacity and may be responsible for tumor ...