We would like to thank the staff of the Tissue Procurement Facility of the University of Minnesota for assistance with patient tissue samples collection. This work was supported by the Department of Defense Ovarian Cancer Research Program (OCRP) OC093424 to MB, by the Randy Shaver Cancer Research and Community Fund to MB, by the Minnesota Ovarian Cancer Alliance to MB and by the Gynecological Oncology Departmental fund to MB. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.

Ethics Statement&#160; 
Solid specimens of ovarian cancer were obtained from the University of Minnesota Tissue Procurement Facility (TPF) after Institutional Review Board Committee: Human Subject Board (IRB) approval.
1. Reagent Setup
<ol>
	<li>Prepare Complete DMEM medium by supplementing DMEM with 10% FBS, and 100 units penicillin-streptomycin. Store the medium at 4&#160;&#176;C and warm to 37&#160;&#176;C prior to use.</li>
	<li>Aliquot dispase II into separate volu...

<ol>
	<li>Kurman, R. J., Visvanathan, K., Roden, R., Wu, T. C., Ie M, S. h. i. h. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+detection+and+treatment+of+ovarian+cancer:+shifting+from+early+stage+to+minimal+volume+of+disease+based+on+a+new+model+of+carcinogenesis.">Early detection and treatment of ovarian cancer: shifting from early stage to minimal volume of disease based on a new model of carcinogenesis.</a> Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 198 (4), 351-356 (2008).</li><li>Kuhn, E., Kurman, R. J., Shih, I. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ovarian+Cancer+Is+an+Imported+Disease:+Fact+or+Fiction.">Ovarian Cancer Is an Imported Disease: Fact or Fiction.</a> Curr. Obstet. Gynecol. Rep. 1 (1), 1-9 (2012).</li><li>Sarojini, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+detection+biomarkers+for+ovarian.">Early detection biomarkers for ovarian.</a> J. Oncol. , (2012).</li><li>Shepherd, T. G., Theriault, B. L., Campbell, E. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nachtigal+M.W.+Primary+culture+of+ovarian+surface+epithelial+cells+and+ascites-derived+ovarian+cancer+cells+from+patients.">Nachtigal M.W. Primary culture of ovarian surface epithelial cells and ascites-derived ovarian cancer cells from patients.</a> Nat. Protoc. 1 (6), 2643-2649 (2006).</li><li>Tsao, S. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+human+ovarian+surface+epithelial+cells+immortalized+by+human+papilloma+viral+oncogenes+(HPV-E6E7+ORFs).">Characterization of human ovarian surface epithelial cells immortalized by human papilloma viral oncogenes (HPV-E6E7 ORFs).</a> Exp. Cell. Res. 218 (2), 499-507 (1995).</li><li>Auersperg, N., Maines-Bandiera, S. L., Dyck, H. G., Kruk, P. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+cultured+human+ovarian+surface+epithelial+cells:+phenotypic+plasticity+and+premalignant+changes.">Characterization of cultured human ovarian surface epithelial cells: phenotypic plasticity and premalignant changes.</a> Lab. Invest. 71 (4), 510-518 (1994).</li><li>Brewer, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+model+of+normal,+immortalized+ovarian+surface+epithelial+and+ovarian+cancer+cells+for+chemoprevention+of+ovarian+cancer.">In vitro model of normal, immortalized ovarian surface epithelial and ovarian cancer cells for chemoprevention of ovarian cancer.</a> Gynecol. Oncol. 98 (2), 182-192 (2005).</li><li>Sueblinvong, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment,+characterization+and+downstream+application+of+primary+ovarian+cancer+cells+derived+from+solid+tumors.">Establishment, characterization and downstream application of primary ovarian cancer cells derived from solid tumors.</a> PLoS One. 7 (11), (2012).</li><li>Rockwell, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo-in+vitro+tumour+cell+lines:+characteristics+and+limitations+as+models+for+human+cancer.">In vivo-in vitro tumour cell lines: characteristics and limitations as models for human cancer.</a> Br. J. Cancer Suppl. 41 (4), 118-122 (1980).</li><li>Wong, C., Chen, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+development,+application+and+limitations+of+breast+cancer+cell+lines+to+study+tamoxifen+and+aromatase+inhibitor+resistance.">The development, application and limitations of breast cancer cell lines to study tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitor resistance.</a> J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 131 (3-5), 83-92 (2012).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

A better understanding of ovarian cancer etiology and development is crucial to improving the outcome of women affected by this devastating disease. In this context, the use of established and &#34;commercially available&#34; ovarian cancer cell line has undoubtedly been tremendously useful. However, today we know that cancer cell lines are not representative of the human tumor they originated from in many aspects including the lack of heterogeneity9,10.
Here, we report a rapid and ...

Despite its relatively low incidence, ovarian cancer is the deadliest of the gynecological diseases and the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths among women1,2. This is mainly due to the lack of reliable tools and models that faithfully recapitulate the initiation and progression of the disease3. Most of our knowledge today about ovarian cancer has been possible through the use of immortalized ovarian surface epithelial cells (IOSEs), ovarian cancer cell lines and primary ovarian cancer cells recovered from ascitic fluid4-7. Unfortunately, their use has several limitations including a number of genetic and phenotypic changes associated with immortalization process or in vitro passages and the heterogeneity of the population resulting from ascitic fluid preparation.
Therefore, primary ovarian cancer cells derived from identifiable and specific solid specimens of ovarian cancer represent a unique tool for studying ovarian cancer progression.
The main difficulties involved in the obtaining these malignant cells are due to an overgrowth of stromal cells or fibroblasts along with loss of viability and premature lack of proliferative capacity in the culture of these EOC cells. Several methods to create single-cell suspensions from solid tumors currently exist, through mechanical means or enzymatic dissociation, however certain techniques yield a greater amount of the preferred outcome8. Here, we show that enzymatic digestion with dispase II results in an effective recovery of viable, fibroblast-free EOC cells. The so-obtained EOC cultures are highly susceptible to genetic manipulation and are also useful in drug screening tests, indicating that these EOC cultures are suitable for many downstream applications.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="720">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">REAGENTS:</td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1X PBS, sterile&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">14190-144</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">&#160;Screw lid, polypropylene specimen container, sterile (Thermoscientific)</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Thermoscientific</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">02 1090</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#160;DMEM medium, sterile&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">11995-065</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">&#160;Fetal bovine serum, sterile</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Thermo Scientific Hyclone</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">SH30396.03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">&#160;100x penicillin-streptomycin, liquid (Invitrogen)</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#160;Dispase II, sterile (Roche)</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Roche</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">04942 078 001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">&#160;Small fine-tip forceps and scalpel blade, sterile</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">forceps: 08-953E, blades: 08-927-5D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#160;Small dissecting scissors, sterile</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">08-945</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">&#160;15 ml conical capped tubes, sterile (BD Falcon)</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">BD, Falcon</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:155px;">352097</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">50 ml conical capped tubes, sterile (BD Falcon)</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">BD, Falcon</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:155px;">352027</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#160;10 ml serological pipette, sterile&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">13-678-11E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">6 ml syringe plunger, sterile&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Tyco Healthcare</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:155px;">8881516911</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Nylon filter (70 &#956;m ) cell strainer, sterile (BD Falcon)</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">BD Falcon</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:155px;">352350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">5-cm Petri dish, sterile&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Corning</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:155px;">430166</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:125px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">10-cm Petri dish, sterile&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Corning</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:155px;">430167</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

method for obtaining primary ovarian cancer cells from solid specimens

Reliable tools for investigating ovarian cancer initiation and progression are urgently needed. While the use of ovarian cancer cell lines remains a valuable tool for understanding ovarian cancer, their use has many limitations. These include the lack of heterogeneity and the plethora of genetic alterations associated with extended in vitro passaging.&#160;Here we describe a method that allows for rapid establishment of primary ovarian cancer cells form solid clinical specimens collected at the time of surgery. The method consists of subjecting clinical specimens to enzymatic digestion for 30 min. The isolated cell suspension is allowed to grow and can be used for downstream application including drug screening. The advantage of primary ovarian cancer cell lines over established ovarian cancer cell lines is that they are representative of the original specific clinical specimens they are derived from and can be derived from different sites whether primary or metastatic ovarian cancer.

Fresh clinical specimens of ovarian cancer are collected after surgery (Figure 1) and cut in small pieces (Figures 2A and 2B) constituting the cell slurry. This allows for optimal exposure of the specimens to the enzymatic treatment. Cell slurry is exposed to enzymatic digestion and incubated at 37 &#176;C for 30 min. During the incubation time the slurry becomes increasingly cloudy (especially after each agitation) and this is a sign of tissue disaggregation.&#160;At th...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Method for Obtaining Primary Ovarian Cancer Cells From Solid Specimens at JoVE.com

Method for Obtaining Primary Ovarian Cancer Cells From Solid Specimens

This study describes a detailed method for isolation and characterization of primary ovarian cancer cells from solid clinical specimens. Ovarian cancer clinical specimens are subjected to enzymatic digestion to obtain viable, fibroblast-free epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells highly suitable for downstream applications.

Reliable tools for investigating ovarian cancer initiation and progression are urgently needed. While the use of ovarian cancer cell lines remains a ...

method-for-obtaining-primary-ovarian-cancer-cells-from-solid-specimens

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

13.3K Görüntüleme.  University of Minnesota.  Bu çalışma, bir katı klinik örneklerden birincil yumurtalık kanser hücrelerinin izolasyonu ve karakterizasyonu için ayrıntılı bir yöntemi tarif etmektedir. Yumurtalık kanseri klinik örnekler alt uygulamalar için son derece uygun olan uygun bir, fibroblast içermeyen epitelyal yumurtalık kanseri (EOC) hücreleri elde etmek için enzimatik sindirme tabi tutulur. 