This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

The authors have nothing to disclose.

절대 정량 단백질은 바이오 마커 확인 및 신호 전달 경로와 같은 생의학 모델링 애플리케이션 매우 다양한 필수적이다. 최근 LC-SRM을 사용하여 타겟 단백질 체학은 펩타이드 표준 준비, HPLC, QQQ-MS 및 LC-SRM 데이터 분석 등 다양한 기술에 개선의 혜택을했다. 결과적으로, 면역에 강력한 대안이되고있다. 면역 분석 및 / 또는 의무하지 다중화 매우 민감하고 높은 처리량이 될 수 있지만, 면역 세포 / 조?...

질량 분석기 (MS)를 사용하여 실험을 프로테옴 비 타겟 (산탄) 또는 타겟팅 방법을 사용하도록 설계 될 수있다. 디스커버리는 일반적 프로테오믹스 전통적인 데이터 의존적 획득 모드를 사용하여, 또는 (예를 들어, MS E, SWATH) 최근에 개발 된 데이터 독립 기술 중 하나를 사용하여 1,2- 어느 상향식 산탄 MS에 의존한다. 샷건 단백질 체학은 높은 처리량 펩타이드 식별 및 상대 정량을위한 강력한 도구이지만, 절대 정량 또는 단백질의 작은 정의 세트 (~ 수십) 대상에 대한 일반적으로 적합하지 않다. 가장 자주 사용되는 표적 단백질 체학 MS 방법이 높기 때문에 감도, 속도 및 동적 범위 3-5 반응 모니터링 (SRM)을 선택한다. SRM 대안 고해상도 풀 스캔 MS 6 활용 병렬 반응 모니터링을 포함한다. SRM은 대개 나노 유동 되돌리기를 사용하여 수행SED 상계 고속 액체 크로마토 그래피 (RP-나노 LC) 나노 - 전기 분사 이온화 결합 악기 삼중 사중 극 질량 분석 장치 (QQQ-MS)에 부착 (나노 ESI) 이온 소스. 전형적인 실험에서, 단백질 시료는 단백질 분 해적으로 분해하고, 생성 된 펩티드는 크로마토 그래피 분리하고, 탈착 및 이온화된다. 얻어진 전구체 이온 m / 제 중극 (Q1)에 의해 필터링 Z와 충돌 가스로 충돌에 의해 제 2 중극 (Q2)에서 조각난. 생성 된 단편 이온은 m / z 필터링 셋째 중극 (Q3) 및 다이 노드에 의해 정량화. 각각의 전구체 및 단편 이온 쌍 천이로 지칭되고, 각각의 전이는 지정된 기간 (전환 시간 전형적으로 2-50 밀리 초)에 대해 모니터링한다. LC-SRM 동안 전환을 통해 미리 정의 된 목록 QQQ-MS 사이클 (듀티 사이클은 통상적 ≤3 초이다), 각 전환의 크로마토 그램이 생성된다. 대체 전략에서단백질 정량 이거는 일반적으로 도트 말, 서양 오 점, ELISA를, 항체 마이크로 어레이, 역상 단백질 마이크로 어레이, 미세 유체 면역, 디지털 ELISA를, 그리고 마이크로 스피어 기반의 면역 7로 면역을 사용합니다. 최상의 면역은 LC-SRM보다 훨씬 더 민감 할 수 있으며, 면역 샘플 처리량 LC-SRM 5보다 상당히 높을 수있다. 그러나, 현상 면역 비용이 될 수 및 / 또는 시간 소모적, 생성 분석법은 세포 / 조직 용해 / 균질화 방법과 호환, 교차 반응성 및 / 또는 간섭에 취약 할 수 있으며, 및 / 또는 의무하지 5,8-를 멀티플렉싱. 이러한 문제의 일부는 항체와 MS 기반 기술을 결합함으로써 해결 될 수있다. 예를 들면, 표적 단백질 및 단백질 분해 전에 LC-9-12에 SRM을 사용하여 면역 침강 농축 될 수있다. 대안 적으로, 기술은 SISCAPA 펩티드 LEVE에서 단백질 분해에 후속 면역 침전을 채용L (13, 14). 또한 전략 immunoenrichment하는 높은 풍부 단백질은 분석 immunodepletion 15,16 coeluting하여 간섭을 감소함으로써 LC-SRM 감도를 증가시키기 위해 사용될 수있다. MS 기반 단백질 정량은 라벨이없는 안정 동위 원소 라벨 (예를 들어, 신진 대사 라벨, 화학 라벨, 무거운 표지 단백질과 펩티드 내부 기준)으로도 상대 및 절대 정량으로 구분 될 수있다. 라벨이없는 기술은 상대적으로 단백질 정량에 유용 할 수 있지만, 정확한 절대 정량에 적합하다 할 수 있습니다. 이와 비교하여, 라벨링 기술 샘플 준비 및 MS 차이와 연관된 에러를 감소하고, 상대적으로 자주 단백질 정량화 (17)에 사용된다. 예를 들어, 안정 동위 원소 표지 프로테옴 (SILAP) 표준은 인간 혈청 (18)의 LC-SRM을 통해 잠재적 인 바이오 마커의 상대 정량을 활성화 배양 된 인간 세포 라인을 사용하여 제조. MS에 의해 정확한 절대 단백질 정량은 정제, 정량화, 동위 원소 표지 단백질 또는 펩티드 내부 표준 아군-로하는 것이 MS에 앞서 생체 시료이 필요합니다. LC-SRM 워크 플로우에 무거운 동위 원소 표지 내부 표준의 통합은 높은 재현성과 실험실 16, 19 사이의 양도로 나타났다 절대 정량 할 수 있습니다. MS에 의해 절대 단백질 정량 안정 동위 원소 표지 된 내부 표준 펩타이드 표준 고체상 합성 (20) 연접 프로테아제 절단 펩티드 표준 21 이루어지는 단백질, 및 전장 단백질 22 표준을 사용하여 제조 포함한다. 대상 단백질 공유 수정 및 불완전한 샘플 준비 (즉, 불완전한 샘플 용해 및 균질화, 불완전 단백질의 가용화, 변성, 알킬화, 및 단백질 분해는) 정확한 정량을 훼손 할 수 있습니다. 내부 Protein 표준은 이러한 잠재적 인 문제의 대부분에 의해 영향을받을 가능성이있는 이상, 그러나 일반적으로 제조하기가 가장 어렵다. 대안은 아미노 - 및 카르복시 말단 측면 네이티브 잔기를 포함하도록 설계된 여러 펩티드 내부 표준을 사용하여 각각의 표적 단백질을 분석하는 것이다. 에 관계없이 내부 표준의 유형이 사용되는의, 그것은 아군-로한다 생물학적 시료 이른 시점에서 가능한 한 샘플 준비 중. 또한, 다수의 시료 전처리 기법 (예를 들어, 다른 변성 조건) 시험해야한다. 다수의 직교 실험 기술 (실험 교차 유효성 검사)의 사용은 23 ~ 25 도전 가장 가능성 정량을 극복하기위한 실행 가능한 전략이다. 단백질의 LC-SRM 정량은 광범위한 응용 분야에서 사용 된 매우 유연한 방법이다. 특히, 이는 내 펩티드 및 단백질 바이오 마커를 연구하는 데 사용 된혈청, 핵심 조직 검사, 미세 침 흡인 (5) 임상 샘플. LC-SRM은 또한, 보툴리눔 신경 독소 (27)를 검출하는 신호 전달 경로 (5) 내에 단백질 인산화 역학 정량화, 단백질 입체 구조 (28)의 변화를 정량화하기 위해, 단백질 복합체 5,26의 화학량 론을 측정하는 데 사용되어왔다. 본 연구실은 화성 경로 시뮬레이션의 개발을 지원하는 대 식세포 주 화성을 매개하는 신호 전달 단백질을 정량화하는 LC-SRM을 사용한다. 프로토콜의 전체 계획 (그림 1) 임시 목표 펩티드를 순위로 시작합니다. 그 후, 원유 외부 펩타이드 기준은 합성 및 생체 시료의 정성 분석을위한 LC-SRM 분석을 개발하는 데 사용됩니다. 생물학적 샘플 유래의 대상 펩티드가 검출되는 경우, 정제 된 무거운 표지 된 펩티드 내부 표준 정량적 LC-SRM을 위해 준비된다. 이 프로토콜은 AC에 사용될 수있다curately 생물학적 시료의 다양한 단백질 정량화, 단백질 표적의 다양한 연구를 지원한다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Acetonitrile (ACN), LC-MS grade</td><td>Fisher</td><td>A955-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BCA (bicinchoninic acid) protein assay kit</td><td>Fisher</td><td>23235</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Beads for bead beating, zirconia-silica, 0.1 mm</td><td>BioSpec Products</td><td>11079101z</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bestatin hydrochloride</td><td>Sigma</td><td>B8385-10MG</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cell culture DMEM (with glucose, without L-glutamine)</td><td>Lonza</td><td>12-614F</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cell culture EDTA, 500 mM, pH8</td><td>Gibco</td><td>15575</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cell culture fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td><td>Atlanta Biologicals</td><td>S11550</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cell culture L-glutamine</td><td>Sigma</td><td>G8540-25G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cell culture phosphate buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.4</td><td>Gibco</td><td>10010-049</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cell culture Trypan Blue viability stain, 0.4% w/v</td><td>Lonza</td><td>17-942E</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cellometer Auto T4 cell counter</td><td>Nexcelom Bioscience</td><td>Cellometer Auto T4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cellometer Auto T4 disposable counting chambers</td><td>Nexcelom Bioscience</td><td>CHT4-SD100-014</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dithiothreitol (DTT)</td><td>Sigma</td><td>D5545-5G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Formic acid, LC-MS grade, ampules</td><td>Fisher</td><td>A117-10X1AMP</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hemocytometer, Neubauer-improved, 0.1 mm deep</td><td>Marienfeld-Superior</td><td>0640030</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HEPES, 1 M, pH 7.2</td><td>Mediatech</td><td>25-060-CI</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hydrochloric acid, 37% w/w</td><td>VWR</td><td>BDH3028-2.5LG</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Iodoacetamide</td><td>Sigma</td><td>I1149-5G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laser Based Micropipette Puller</td><td>Sutter Instrument Co.</td><td>P-2000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>LC coated silica capillary, 50 &amp;micro;m id</td><td>Polymicro Technologies</td><td>1068150017</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>LC vial, autosampler, 12 mm x 32 mm polypropylene</td><td>SUN SRI</td><td>200-268</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>LC vial screw cap, autosampler, pre-slit PTFE/silicone</td><td>SUN SRI</td><td>500-061</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Luciferase, from Photinus pyralis</td><td>Sigma</td><td>L9506-1MG</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pepstatin A</td><td>EMD Millipore</td><td>516481-25MG</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>pH strips colorpHast (pH 0.0-6.0)</td><td>EMD Chemicals</td><td>9586-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PhosStop phosphatase inhibitor cocktail</td><td>Roche</td><td>04906837001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>RapiGest SF</td><td>Waters</td><td>186001861</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sep-Pak SPE, C18 1 ml 100 mg cartridge</td><td>Waters</td><td>WAT023590</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sep-Pak SPE, extraction manifold, 20 position</td><td>Waters</td><td>WAT200609</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sep-Pak SPE, flat-surfaced rubber bulb</td><td>Fisher</td><td>03-448-25</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)</td><td>Fisher</td><td>S318-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SpeedVac vacuum concentrator</td><td>Fisher</td><td>SPD111V</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), LC-MS grade</td><td>Fisher</td><td>A116-50</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trypsin, sequencing grade, modified</td><td>Promega</td><td>V5113</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tube decapper for Micronic tubes</td><td>USA Scientific</td><td>1765-4000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tubes, 2 ml microcentrifuge, o-ring screw-cap, sterile</td><td>Sarstedt</td><td>72.694.006</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Urea</td><td>Sigma</td><td>U0631-500g</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Water, LC-MS grade</td><td>Fisher</td><td>W6-1</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry for absolute protein quantification

Absolute quantification of target proteins within complex biological samples is critical to a wide range of research and clinical applications. This protocol provides step-by-step instructions for the development and application of quantitative assays using selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mass spectrometry (MS). First, likely quantotypic target peptides are identified based on numerous criteria. This includes identifying proteotypic peptides, avoiding sites of posttranslational modification, and analyzing the uniqueness of the target peptide to the target protein. Next, crude external peptide standards are synthesized and used to develop SRM assays, and the resulting assays are used to perform qualitative analyses of the biological samples. Finally, purified, quantified, heavy isotope labeled internal peptide standards are prepared and used to perform isotope dilution series SRM assays. Analysis of all of the resulting MS data is presented. This protocol was used to accurately assay the absolute abundance of proteins of the chemotaxis signaling pathway within RAW 264.7 cells (a mouse monocyte/macrophage cell line). The quantification of Gi2 (a heterotrimeric G-protein &#945;-subunit) is described in detail.

신호 전달 경로의 예측 계산 모델의 개발은 시스템 생물학 (53)의 기본적인 목적 중 하나이다. 불행히도, 심지어는 광범위하게 연구하고 높은 임상 적 의의를 가지고있다 신호 전달 경로를 들어, 정량적 섭동에 응답 통로 거동을 예측하는 것은 일반적으로 여전히 불가능하다 (예를 들면,이 MAPK / ERK 경로 (54)도 마찬가지이다). 최근 조사 경로 (56) 신호 마우스 대 식세?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Selected Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry for Absolute Protein Quantification at JoVE.com

Selected Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry for Absolute Protein Quantification

This protocol describes how to perform absolute quantification assays of target proteins within complex biological samples using selected reaction monitoring. It was used to accurately quantify proteins of the mouse macrophage chemotaxis signaling pathway. Target peptide selection, assay development, and qualitative and quantitative assays are described in detail.

절대 단백질 정량 질량 분석을 모니터링 선정 반응

Absolute quantification of target proteins within complex biological samples is critical to a wide range of research and clinical applications. This ...

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17.0K 조회수.  National Institutes of Health. This protocol describes how to perform absolute quantification assays of target proteins within complex biological samples using selected reaction monitoring. It was used to accurately quantify proteins of the mouse macrophage chemotaxis signaling pathway. Target peptide selection, assay development, and qualitative and quantitative assays are described in detail.

비디오: Selected Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry for Absolute Protein Quantification

A Simple Fractionated Extraction Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins from a Single Sample

Understanding of complex biological systems requires the measurement, analysis and integration of multiple compound classes of the living cell, usually determined by transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomics and lipidomic measurements. In this protocol, we introduce a simple method for the reproducible extraction of metabolites, lipids and proteins from biological tissues using a single aliquot per sample. The extraction method is based on a methyl tert-butyl ether: methanol: water system for liquid: liquid partitioning of hydrophobic and polar metabolites into two immiscible phases along with the precipitation of proteins and other macromolecules as a solid pellet. This method, therefore, provides three different fractions of specific molecular composition, which are fully compatible with common high throughput 'omics' technologies such as liquid chromatography (LC) or gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometers. Even though the method was initially developed for the analysis of different plant tissue samples, it has proved to be fully compatible for the extraction and analysis of biological samples from systems as diverse as algae, insects, and mammalian tissues and cell cultures.

A protocol for comprehensive extraction of lipids, metabolites and proteins from biological tissues using one sample is presented.

단일 시료의 대사 산물, 지질 및 단백질의 종합 분석을위한 간단한 분취 추출 방법

Understanding of complex biological systems requires the measurement, analysis and integration of multiple compound classes of the living cell, usually ...

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생화학

Deep Proteome Profiling by Isobaric Labeling, Extensive Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry, and Software-assisted Quantification

Many exceptional advances have been made in mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, with particular technical progress in liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and isobaric labeling multiplexing capacity. Here, we introduce a deep-proteomics profiling protocol that combines 10-plex tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling with an extensive LC/LC-MS/MS platform, and post-MS computational interference correction to accurately quantitate whole proteomes. This protocol includes the following main steps: protein extraction and digestion, TMT labeling, 2-dimensional (2D) LC, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and computational data processing. Quality control steps are included for troubleshooting and evaluating experimental variation. More than 10,000 proteins in mammalian samples can be confidently quantitated with this protocol. This protocol can also be applied to the quantitation of post translational modifications with minor changes. This multiplexed, robust method provides a powerful tool for proteomic analysis in a variety of complex samples, including cell culture, animal tissues, and human clinical specimens.

We present a protocol to accurately quantitate proteins with isobaric labelling, extensive fractionation, bioinformatics tools, and quality control steps in combination with liquid chromatography interfaced to a high-resolution mass spectrometer.

깊은 프로테옴 Isobaric 라벨, 광범위 한 액체 크로마토그래피, 질량 분석 및 소프트웨어 기반 정량화 하 여 프로 파일링

Many exceptional advances have been made in mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, with particular technical progress in liquid chromatography (LC) ...

An HS-MRM Assay for the Quantification of Host-cell Proteins in Protein Biopharmaceuticals by Liquid Chromatography Ion Mobility QTOF Mass Spectrometry

The analysis of low-level (1-100 ppm) protein impurities (e.g., host-cell proteins (HCPs)) in protein biotherapeutics is a challenging assay requiring high sensitivity and a wide dynamic range. Mass spectrometry-based quantification assays for proteins typically involve protein digestion followed by the selective reaction monitoring/multiple reaction monitoring (SRM/MRM) quantification of peptides using a low-resolution (Rs ~1,000) tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer. One of the limitations of this approach is the interference phenomenon observed when the peptide of interest has the "same" precursor and fragment mass (in terms of m/z values) as other co-eluting peptides present in the sample (within a 1-Da window). To avoid this phenomenon, we propose an alternative mass spectrometric approach, a high selectivity (HS) MRM assay that combines the ion mobility separation of peptide precursors with the high-resolution (Rs ~30,000) MS detection of peptide fragments. We explored the capabilities of this approach to quantify low-abundance peptide standards spiked in a monoclonal antibody (mAb) digest and demonstrated that it has the sensitivity and dynamic range (at least 3 orders of magnitude) typically achieved in HCP analysis. All six peptide standards were detected at concentrations as low as 0.1 nM (1 femtomole loaded on a 2.1-mm ID chromatographic column) in the presence of a high-abundance peptide background (2 &#181;g of a mAb digest loaded on-column). When considering the MW of rabbit phosphorylase (97.2 kDa), from which the spiked peptides were derived, the LOQ of this assay is lower than 50 ppm. Relative standard deviations (RSD) of peak areas (n = 4 replicates) were less than 15% across the entire concentration range investigated (0.1-100 nM or 1-1,000 ppm) in this study.

Here, we describe a chromatographic assay coupled with the ion mobility separation of peptide precursors followed by the high-resolution (~30,000) MS-detection of peptide fragments for the quantification of spiked peptide standards in a monoclonal antibody digest.

액체 크로마토그래피 이온 이동성 QTOF 질량 분석에 의해 단백질 바이오에 주인 세포 단백질의 정량화에 대 한 HS MRM 분석 결과

The analysis of low-level (1-100 ppm) protein impurities (e.g., host-cell proteins (HCPs)) in protein biotherapeutics is a challenging assay requiring ...

화학

Detection of Protein Ubiquitination Sites by Peptide Enrichment and Mass Spectrometry

The posttranslational modification of proteins by the small protein ubiquitin is involved in many cellular events. After tryptic digestion of ubiquitinated proteins, peptides with a diglycine remnant conjugated to the epsilon amino group of lysine (&#39;K-&#949;-diglycine&#39; or simply &#39;diGly&#39;) can be used to track back the original modification site. Efficient immunopurification of diGly peptides combined with sensitive detection by mass spectrometry has resulted in a huge increase in the number of ubiquitination sites identified up to date. We have made several improvements to this workflow, including offline high pH reverse-phase fractionation of peptides prior to the enrichment procedure, and the inclusion of more advanced peptide fragmentation settings in the ion routing multipole. Also, more efficient cleanup of the sample using a filter-based plug in order to retain the antibody beads results in a greater specificity for diGly peptides. These improvements result in the routine detection of more than 23,000 diGly peptides from human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) cell lysates upon proteasome inhibition in the cell. We show the efficacy of this strategy for in-depth analysis of the ubiquitinome profiles of several different cell types and of in vivo samples, such as brain tissue. This study presents an original addition to the toolbox for protein ubiquitination analysis to uncover the deep cellular ubiquitinome.

We present a method for the purification, detection, and identification of diGly peptides that originate from ubiquitinated proteins from complex biological samples. The presented method is reproducible, robust, and outperforms published methods with respect to the level of depth of the ubiquitinome analysis.

펩타이드 농축 및 질량 분광법에 의한 단백질 유비퀴틴화 부위 검출

The posttranslational modification of proteins by the small protein ubiquitin is involved in many cellular events. After tryptic digestion of ...

Absolute Quantification of Cell-Free Protein Synthesis Metabolism by Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) is an emerging technology in systems and synthetic biology for the in vitro production of proteins. However, if CFPS is going to move beyond the laboratory and become a widespread and standard just in time manufacturing technology, we must understand the performance limits of these systems. Toward this question, we developed a robust protocol to quantify 40 compounds involved in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, energy metabolism and cofactor regeneration in CFPS reactions. The method uses internal standards tagged with 13C-aniline, while compounds in the sample are derivatized with 12C-aniline. The internal standards and sample were mixed and analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The co-elution of compounds eliminated ion suppression, allowing the accurate quantification of metabolite concentrations over 2-3 orders of magnitude where the average correlation coefficient was 0.988. Five of the forty compounds were untagged with aniline, however, they were still detected in the CFPS sample and quantified with a standard curve method. The chromatographic run takes approximately 10 min to complete. Taken together, we developed a fast, robust method to separate and accurately quantify 40 compounds involved in CFPS in a single LC/MS run. The method is a comprehensive and accurate approach to characterize cell-free metabolism, so that ultimately, we can understand and improve the yield, productivity and energy efficiency of cell-free systems.

Here, we present a robust protocol to quantify 40 compounds involved in central carbon and energy metabolism in cell-free protein synthesis reactions. The cell-free synthesis mixture is derivatized with aniline for effective separation using reversed-phase liquid chromatography and then quantified by mass spectrometry using isotopically labelled internal standards.

역상 액체 크로마토그래피-질량 분광법에 의한 무세포 단백질 합성 대사의 절대 정량화

Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) is an emerging technology in systems and synthetic biology for the in vitro production of proteins. However, if CFPS is ...

Carrier-assisted One-pot Sample Preparation for Targeted Proteomics Analysis of Small Numbers of Human Cells

Protein analysis of small numbers of human cells is primarily achieved by targeted proteomics with antibody-based immunoassays, which have inherent limitations (e.g., low multiplex and unavailability of antibodies for new proteins). Mass spectrometry (MS)-based targeted proteomics has emerged as an alternative because it is antibody-free, high multiplex, and has high specificity and quantitation accuracy. Recent advances in MS instrumentation make MS-based targeted proteomics possible for multiplexed quantification of highly abundant proteins in single cells. However, there is a technical challenge for effective processing of single cells with minimal sample loss for MS analysis. To address this issue, we have recently developed a convenient protein carrier-assisted one-pot sample preparation coupled with liquid chromatography (LC) - selected reaction monitoring (SRM) termed cLC-SRM for targeted proteomics analysis of small numbers of human cells. This method capitalizes on using the combined excessive exogenous protein as a carrier and low-volume one-pot processing to greatly reduce surface adsorption losses as well as high-specificity LC-SRM to effectively address the increased dynamic concentration range due to the addition of exogeneous carrier protein. Its utility has been demonstrated by accurate quantification of most moderately abundant proteins in small numbers of cells (e.g., 10-100 cells) and highly abundant proteins in single cells. The easy-to-implement features and no need for specific devices make this method readily accessible to most proteomics laboratories. Herein we have provided a detailed protocol for cLC-SRM analysis of small numbers of human cells including cell sorting, cell lysis and digestion, LC-SRM analysis, and data analysis. Further improvements in detection sensitivity and sample throughput are needed towards targeted single-cell proteomics analysis. We anticipate that cLC-SRM will be broadly applied to biomedical research and systems biology with the potential of facilitating precision medicine.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>소량의 인간 세포에 대한 표적 단백질체학 분석을 위한 Carrier-assisted One-pot Sample Preparation

A protein carrier-assisted one-pot sample preparation coupled with liquid chromatography (LC) - selected reaction monitoring (SRM) termed cLC-SRM is a convenient method for multiplexed targeted proteomics analysis of small numbers of cells, including single cells. It capitalizes on using excessive exogenous protein as a carrier and high-specificity LC-SRM for targeted quantification.

소량의 인간 세포에 대한 표적 단백질체학 분석을 위한 Carrier-assisted One-pot Sample Preparation

Protein analysis of small numbers of human cells is primarily achieved by targeted proteomics with antibody-based immunoassays, which have inherent ...

Microsampling in Targeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Protein Analysis of Low-Abundance Proteins

This paper presents a protocol with detailed descriptions for efficient sample cleanup of low-abundance proteins from dried samples. This is performed using bead-based proteolysis prior to proteotypic peptide affinity-capture and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) determination. The procedure can be applied to both conventional dried samples using paper cards (e.g., dried blood spots [DBSs] and dried serum spots [DSSs]), as well as samples collected with newer sampling methods such as volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS). In addition to describing this procedure, the preparation of both trypsin beads and antibody-coated beads is presented in a step-by-step manner in this work. The advantages of the presented procedure are time-efficient proteolysis using beads and selective robust cleanup using peptide affinity-capture. The current procedure describes the determination of the low-abundance small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) biomarker, progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP), in dried serum (both DSSs and VAMS). Detailed procedures for bead preparation make it easier to implement the workflow in new applications or other laboratories. It is demonstrated that the results may be dependent on the sampling material; for the present project, higher signal intensities were seen for samples collected using VAMS compared to DSSs.

A protocol is presented for the determination of low-abundance biomarkers from dried serum samples exemplified with the biomarker progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP). Antibody-coated magnetic beads are used for the selective cleanup and enrichment of a proteotypic ProGRP peptide. The captured peptide is subsequently analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

표적 질량분석법 기반 단백질 분석의 마이크로샘플링 저농도 단백질

This paper presents a protocol with detailed descriptions for efficient sample cleanup of low-abundance proteins from dried samples. This is performed ...

Quantification of Proteins Using Peptide Immunoaffinity Enrichment Coupled with Mass Spectrometry

There is a great need for quantitative assays in measuring proteins. Traditional sandwich immunoassays, largely considered the gold standard in quantitation, are associated with a high cost, long lead time, and are fraught with drawbacks (e.g. heterophilic antibodies, autoantibody interference, 'hook-effect').1 An alternative technique is affinity enrichment of peptides coupled with quantitative mass spectrometry, commonly referred to as SISCAPA (Stable Isotope Standards and Capture by Anti-Peptide Antibodies).2 In this technique, affinity enrichment of peptides with stable isotope dilution and detection by selected/multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (SRM/MRM-MS) provides quantitative measurement of peptides as surrogates for their respective proteins. SRM/MRM-MS is well established for accurate quantitation of small molecules 3, 4 and more recently has been adapted to measure the concentrations of proteins in plasma and cell lysates.5-7 To achieve quantitation of proteins, these larger molecules are digested to component peptides using an enzyme such as trypsin. One or more selected peptides whose sequence is unique to the target protein in that species (i.e. "proteotypic" peptides) are then enriched from the sample using anti-peptide antibodies and measured as quantitative stoichiometric surrogates for protein concentration in the sample. Hence, coupled to stable isotope dilution (SID) methods (i.e. a spiked-in stable isotope labeled peptide standard), SRM/MRM can be used to measure concentrations of proteotypic peptides as surrogates for quantification of proteins in complex biological matrices. The assays have several advantages compared to traditional immunoassays. The reagents are relatively less expensive to generate, the specificity for the analyte is excellent, the assays can be highly multiplexed, enrichment can be performed from neat plasma (no depletion required), and the technique is amenable to a wide array of proteins or modifications of interest.8-13 In this video we demonstrate the basic protocol as adapted to a magnetic bead platform.

Stable Isotope Standards and Capture by Anti-Peptide Antibodies (SISCAPA) couples affinity enrichment of peptides with stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) to provide quantitative measurement of peptides as surrogates for their respective proteins. Here we describe the protocol using magnetic particles in a partially automated format.

펩타이드 면역 친 화성 농축을 사용하여 단백질의 양을 정함은 질량 분광법과 함께

There is a great need for quantitative assays in measuring proteins. Traditional sandwich immunoassays, largely considered the gold standard in ...

생물학

Comprehensive Workflow of Mass Spectrometry-based Shotgun Proteomics of Tissue Samples

Recent advances in mass spectrometry have resulted in deep proteomic&#160;analysis along with the generation of&#160;robust and&#160;reproducible datasets. However, despite the considerable technical advancements, sample preparation from biospecimens such as patient blood, CSF, and tissue still poses considerable challenges. For identifying biomarkers, tissue proteomics often provides an attractive sample source to translate the research findings from the bench to the clinic. It can reveal potential candidate biomarkers for early diagnosis of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer&#39;s disease, Parkinson&#39;s disease, etc. Tissue proteomics also yields a wealth of systemic information based on the abundance of proteins and helps to address interesting biological questions.
Quantitative proteomics analysis can be grouped into two broad categories: a label-based and a label-free approach. In the label-based approach, proteins or peptides are labeled using stable isotopes such as SILAC (stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture) or by chemical tags such as ICAT (isotope-coded affinity tags), TMT (tandem mass tag) or iTRAQ (isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation). Label-based approaches have the advantage of more accurate quantitation of proteins and using isobaric labels, multiple samples can be analyzed in a single experiment. The label-free approach provides a cost-effective alternative to label-based approaches. Hundreds of patient samples belonging to a particular cohort can be analyzed and compared with other cohorts based on clinical features. Here, we have described an optimized quantitative proteomics workflow for tissue samples using label-free and label-based proteome profiling methods, which is crucial for applications in life sciences, especially biomarker discovery-based projects.

The described protocol provides an optimized quantitative proteomics analysis of tissue samples using two approaches: label-based and label free quantitation. Label-based approaches have the advantage of more accurate quantitation of proteins, while a label-free approach is more cost-effective and used to analyze hundreds of samples of a cohort.

절대 단백질 정량 질량 분석을 모니터링 선정 반응

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

단일 시료의 대사 산물, 지질 및 단백질의 종합 분석을위한 간단한 분취 추출 방법

깊은 프로테옴 Isobaric 라벨, 광범위 한 액체 크로마토그래피, 질량 분석 및 소프트웨어 기반 정량화 하 여 프로 파일링

액체 크로마토그래피 이온 이동성 QTOF 질량 분석에 의해 단백질 바이오에 주인 세포 단백질의 정량화에 대 한 HS MRM 분석 결과

펩타이드 농축 및 질량 분광법에 의한 단백질 유비퀴틴화 부위 검출

역상 액체 크로마토그래피-질량 분광법에 의한 무세포 단백질 합성 대사의 절대 정량화

소량의 인간 세포에 대한 표적 단백질체학 분석을 위한 Carrier-assisted One-pot Sample Preparation

소량의 인간 세포에 대한 표적 단백질체학 분석을 위한 Carrier-assisted One-pot Sample Preparation

표적 질량분석법 기반 단백질 분석의 마이크로샘플링 저농도 단백질

펩타이드 면역 친 화성 농축을 사용하여 단백질의 양을 정함은 질량 분광법과 함께

조직 샘플의 질량 분광계 기반 산탄총 프로테오믹스의 포괄적인 워크플로우