저자는 선언할 수 없습니다 승인 있다.

모든 참가자는 어떤 절차를 공부 하기 전에 구두 및 서 면 동의 제공 합니다. 연구의 프로토콜 헬싱키 선언에 따라 실시 하 고 인간의 연구 S.Orsola-Malpighi 교육 병원의 윤리 위원회에 의해 승인 되었다.
1. 수술 전 절차 및 안과 평가
<ol><li>거리를 테스트 하 고 최고의 교정 시력 (BCVA) 근처.</li>
	<li>슬릿 램프 biomicroscope를 사용 하 여 눈의 앞쪽 세그먼트를 평가 합니다.</li>
	<li>슬릿 램프 gonioscopy 렌즈를 사용 하 여 국 소 마 취 안 약을 얻은 데 후 앞쪽 챔버 각도 검사 합니다.</li>
	<li>슬릿 램프 간접 ophthalmoscopy 비 접촉 저 렌즈의 사용으로 저를 평가 합니다. 광학 디스크 머리에 특히 주의.</li>
	<li>
IOP Goldmann applanation tonometry를 사용 하 여 측정 합니다.
	<ol>
<li>각 막 마 취를 국 소 마 취 안 약을 주는.</li>
		<li>눈물 영화 2 %fluorescein (안과 스트립)를 사용 하 여 색상. 참고: 적절 한 양의 fluorescein 눈물 필름 색상 결정적 이다. 높은 금액 낮은 금액 생산 너무 얇은 고리 과소평가 IOP 수치를과 대 평가 IOP 조치, 너무 두꺼운 fluorescein 고리를 생성 합니다.</li>
		<li>슬릿 램프 축에 가이드 격판덮개에는 tonometer를 탑재 합니다.</li>
		<li>넓고 밝은 가능한 슬릿 횡 경 막 완전히 오픈으로 파란 코발트 필터 빛과 광선을 설정 합니다.</li>
		<li>제대로 환자의 코에 의해 환자의 얼굴 슬릿 램프의 연락처 및 광선의 덮 음을 피하기 위하여 시험, 아래 눈의 동일한 환자 측에 60 °에 슬릿 빔 퍼 팅 tonometer 머리에 파란색 광선을 직접.</li>
		<li>슬릿 램프 머리 받침에 머리를 숙이 고, 두 눈을 크게 열고, 똑바로, 모양과 완벽 하 게 아직도 계속 환자를 부탁 드립니다.</li>
		<li>슬릿 램프 조이스틱을 사용 하 여 biprism 머리 각 막 표면의 중심 접촉 부드럽게 될 때까지 tonometer 이동: 두 개의 일반 hemi-동그라미 fluorescein 눈물 초승달 모양의 슬릿 램프 접 안 렌즈를 통해 볼 때 각 프리즘을 통해 시각화 됩니다.</li>
		<li>그들의 내부 국경 그냥 터치, 수평 "S" 모양을 형성 될 때까지 시각된 fluorescein hemi-서클 근처 려 tonometer 측면 보정된 노브를 시계 방향으로 돌려: 보정된 손잡이에 표시 된 숫자는 IOP를 나타냅니다 측정 합니다. 참고: 제대로 소독, 살 균 물으로 헹 구 고 모든 측정 전에 tonometer 머리를 닦아 해야 합니다.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
비 접촉 광학 바이오 미터에 의하여 안구 해부학 매개 변수를 측정 합니다.
	<ol>
<li>머리 받침에 머리를 숙이 고, 두 눈을 크게 열고, 똑바로, 모양과 완벽 하 게 아직도 계속 환자를 부탁 드립니다.</li>
		<li>제대로 각 막 표면의 중심에 집중 하는 조이스틱을 사용 하 여 광학 바이오 미터 이동: 화살표와 디스플레이에 녹색 원 도움이 올바른 위치를 찾을 수 임상.</li>
		<li>측정을 하려면 조이스틱에 버튼 클릭: 녹색 라인 디스플레이에 나타납니다 고 원을 형성 이동 시작. 위치를 유지 여전히 가능한이 시간 동안.</li>
		<li>가능한 오류를 줄이고 신뢰성 향상을 눈 당 적어도 5 측정을 수행 합니다. 악기는 자동으로 평균 값을 계산합니다.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>3 가능한 옵션 중에서 처리 조사의 적절 한 크기를 계산 nomogram 도구 (그림 1)를 사용 하 여 (11, 12, 또는 반지 직경 13 m m). 참고: 두 개의 안구 해부학 매개 변수가 필요 하다: 백색에 백색 (WTW, 각 막 가로 지름에 동등한 거리) 및 축 길이 (알, fovea 각 막 정점에서 거리).</li>
	<li>적절 한 자가 miosis, 프로브에 의해 전달 초음파 빔에 의해 ciliary 본문의 더 정확한 타겟팅 수 있도록 수술 전 3 일에서 시작 하는 하루 당 3 번 환자 pilocarpine 안 약을 처방.</li>
</ol>2. 미리 수술 절차
<ol><li>환자가 수술 침대에 부정사 위치에 놓습니다.</li>
	<li>
수술 하기 전에 30 분 현지 마 취약 (mepivacaine + ropivacaine)의 10 mL와 함께 한 peribulbar 침투를 수행 하 여 로컬 마 취를 관리 합니다.
	<ol>
<li>바깥쪽 1/3 및 낮은 궤도 변죽 또는 27 게이지 주사 바늘을 사용 하 여 우수한 궤도 노치 아래 superonasally의 내부 2 개의 제 3의 접합에서 주입 inferotemporally를 수행 합니다.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>3입니다. 치료 장치 준비
<ol><li>의사에 대 한 데이터를 입력 하 고 환자 제어 장치를 사용 하 여 터치 스크린, 선택한 다음 치료에 눈. 참고: 1 세대 프로브도 선택할 수 있습니다 4 s 또는 6 초음파 노출 시간, 2 세대 프로브 (유일한 것 들 사용할 수 시장에서) 8만을 허용 하는 동안 s s 노출 시간.</li>
	<li>커플링 콘 및 처리 조사 살 균 일회용 장치 팩 열고 제어 장치를 그들의 케이블을 연결 합니다.</li>
</ol>4. UCP 절차
<ol><li>3 번 정확 하 게 종 및 10 %povidone-요오드로 인해 피부를 소독. 깨끗 한 살 균 gauzes와 소독된 피부를 닦아냅니다.</li>
	<li>중앙 구멍을 제대로 노출 하려면 치료 아래 눈 위에 중심으로 환자의 얼굴 메 마른 외과 용 드 레이프를 넣어.</li>
	<li>환자의 머리를 약간 뒤로 넣어 안구 표면 가로 장치 (그림 2)의 콘의 편안한 배치를 허용 하기 위해 거짓말을 놓습니다.</li>
	<li>금속을 사용 하지 않고 환자의 눈을 엽니다.</li>
	<li>눈 표면에 일시적인 측에 배관 커플링 콘을 넣고 부드럽게 올바르게 놓고 limbus (그림 3)를 둘러싼 균일 한 백색 scleral 반지를 형성, 중앙으로 이동. 콘, 위치를 외과 클램프를 사용 하 여 필요한 경우. 참고: 백색 sclera의 2 밀리미터의 최소한의 균일 한 반지는 limbus와 콘 내부 보더 사이 표시 되어야 합니다. 이 반지는 프로브 및 따라서 ciliary 시체 (그림 3)의 정확한 타겟팅의 최적의 중심 되도록 눈의 360 ° 따라 가능한 일반 되어야 합니다.</li>
	<li>화면에 세로 막대 녹색 될 때까지 낮은 수준의 흡입 커플링 콘의 주변 링에서 시작 발 스위치에 포부 단추를 눌러. 이 전체 절차(그림 4)에 걸쳐 환자의 눈에 직접 접촉에 커플링 콘의 유지 보수를 수 있습니다.</li>
	<li>커플링 콘 코 위치에 케이블 내부 치료 프로브를 삽입 합니다. 참고: "클릭" 소리 (그림 4B) 콘 프로브의 적절 한 앵커리지를 확인합니다.</li>
	<li>눈, 콘, 그리고 살 균 균형 소금 솔루션 (BSS) 처음 및 치료 초음파 (그림 4C)의 좋은 전파를 허용 하는 전체 절차 동안 실 온에서 프로브에 의해 구분 된 빈 공간을 채우십시오. BSS 누설의 경우 적절 한 수준에서 리필.</li>
	<li>위치 하 고 여전히 머리를 완벽 하 게 유지 하는 환자를 부탁 드립니다.</li>
	<li>치료를 시작 하 고 모든 절차 동안 압력을 잡고 발 스위치에 시작 버튼을 눌러 (각 치료 분야 사이의 통로 완전히 자동 발 스위치의 압력을 해제 하는 필요 없이).</li>
	<li>
단단히 최적의 위치에서 프로브 및 유지 커플링 콘 전체 절차 동안. 이동, 회전, 또는 치료 (그림 4D) 동안 치료 초음파 광속의 최고의 중심 수 있도록 조사를 추진 하지 마십시오. 참고: 처리 도중, 각 6 트랜스듀서는 순차적으로 활성화 4, 6, 또는 8 20 (에 따라 조사의 세대), s s 간격 각 활성화, 우수 분야에서 시작 하 고 시계 방향으로 이동 하기 전에. 제어 장치 6 변환기의 순차적 활성화를 보여 줍니다. 외과 치료 지속 124 s, 136 s, 또는 148 s.<ol>
<li>릴리즈 절차를 막으려고 발 스위치에 압력. 두 연속 섹터의 활성화 사이의 간격 동안 치료의 중단의 경우 치료는 어떤 분야; 손실 없이 계속할 수 있습니다. 그와 반대로, 분야의 활성화 동안 치료의 중단의 경우에 분야에서 치료 완료 되지 않습니다.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>프로시저의 끝에, 발 스위치에 포부 버튼을 누르면 흡입 시스템을 비활성화 하 고 BSS는 관을 통해 서 제거 될 때까지 콘을 천천히 기울기.</li>
</ol>5. 수술 후 절차
<ol><li>항생제를 주입 플러스 절차, 패치 24 h에 대 한 치료 눈 후 즉시 치료 눈에 스테로이드 안 약. 참고: 환자는 절차 후 1 h 병원을 남길 수 있습니다.</li>
	<li>절차 후 하루 눈 패치를 제거 하 고 치료 눈 검사 IOP를 측정할.</li>
	<li>1 달 동안 하루에 4 번 환자 항생제와 스테로이드 안 약을 처방.</li>
	<li>치료 눈을 검사 하 고 1, 7, 14 일, 1, 3, 6, 9 개월, 그리고 수술 후 1 년 IOP를 측정 한다.</li>
</ol>

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Y., Denis, P., Lafon, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histologic+effects+of+a+new+device+for+high-intensity+focused+ultrasound+cyclocoagulation.">Histologic effects of a new device for high-intensity focused ultrasound cyclocoagulation.</a> Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 51 (10), 5092-5098 (2010).</li><li>Aptel, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Miniaturized+high-intensity+focused+ultrasound+device+in+patients+with+glaucoma:+a+clinical+pilot+study.">Miniaturized high-intensity focused ultrasound device in patients with glaucoma: a clinical pilot study.</a> Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 52 (12), 8747-8753 (2011).</li><li>Aptel, F., Dupuy, C., Rouland, J. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+of+refractory+open-angle+glaucoma+using+ultrasonic+circular+cyclocoagulation:+a+prospective+case+series.">Treatment of refractory open-angle glaucoma using ultrasonic circular cyclocoagulation: a prospective case series.</a> Curr Med Res Opin. 30 (8), 1599-1605 (2014).</li><li>Aptel, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Short-+and+long-term+effects+on+the+ciliary+body+and+the+aqueous+outflow+pathways+of+high-intensity+focused+ultrasound+cyclocoagulation.">Short- and long-term effects on the ciliary body and the aqueous outflow pathways of high-intensity focused ultrasound cyclocoagulation.</a> Ultrasound Med Biol. 40 (9), 2096-2106 (2014).</li><li>Charrel, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+miniaturized+HIFU+device+for+glaucoma+treatment+with+conformal+coagulation+of+the+ciliary+bodies.">Development of a miniaturized HIFU device for glaucoma treatment with conformal coagulation of the ciliary bodies.</a> Ultrasound Med Biol. 37 (5), 742-754 (2011).</li><li>Aptel, F., Lafon, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Therapeutic+applications+of+ultrasound+in+ophthalmology.">Therapeutic applications of ultrasound in ophthalmology.</a> Int J Hyperthermia. 28 (4), 405-418 (2012).</li><li>Denis, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cyclocoagulation+of+the+ciliary+bodies+by+high-intensity+focused+ultrasound:+a+12-month+multicenter+study.">Cyclocoagulation of the ciliary bodies by high-intensity focused ultrasound: a 12-month multicenter study.</a> Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 56 (2), 1089-1096 (2015).</li><li>Aptel, F., Lafon, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+of+glaucoma+with+high+intensity+focused+ultrasound.">Treatment of glaucoma with high intensity focused ultrasound.</a> Int J Hyperthermia. 31 (3), 292-301 (2015).</li><li>Giannaccare, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-intensity+focused+ultrasound+treatment+in+patients+with+refractory+glaucoma.">High-intensity focused ultrasound treatment in patients with refractory glaucoma.</a> Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 255 (3), 599-605 (2017).</li><li>Mastropasqua, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Uveo-scleral+outflow+pathways+after+ultrasonic+cyclocoagulation+in+refractory+glaucoma:+an+anterior+segment+optical+coherence+tomography+and+in+vivo+confocal+study.">Uveo-scleral outflow pathways after ultrasonic cyclocoagulation in refractory glaucoma: an anterior segment optical coherence tomography and in vivo confocal study.</a> Br J Ophthalmol. 100 (12), 1668-1675 (2016).</li><li>Melamed, S., Goldenfeld, M., Cotlear, D., Skaat, A., Moroz, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-intensity+focused+ultrasound+treatment+in+refractory+glaucoma+patients:+results+at+1+year+of+prospective+clinical+study.">High-intensity focused ultrasound treatment in refractory glaucoma patients: results at 1 year of prospective clinical study.</a> Eur J Ophthalmol. 25 (6), 483-489 (2015).</li><li>Aptel, F., Denis, P., Rouland, J. F., Renard, J. P., Bron, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multicenter+clinical+trial+of+high-intensity+focused+ultrasound+treatment+in+glaucoma+patients+without+previous+filtering+surgery.">Multicenter clinical trial of high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment in glaucoma patients without previous filtering surgery.</a> Acta Ophthalmol. 94 (5), e268-e277 (2016).</li><li>Coleman, D. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Therapeutic+ultrasound+in+the+treatment+of+glaucoma.+II.+Clinical+applications.">Therapeutic ultrasound in the treatment of glaucoma. II. Clinical applications.</a> Ophthalmology. 92 (3), 347-353 (1985).</li><li>Valtot, F., Kopel, J., Haut, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+of+glaucoma+with+high+intensity+focused+ultrasound.">Treatment of glaucoma with high intensity focused ultrasound.</a> Int Ophthalmol. 13 (1-2), 167-170 (1989).</li><li>Burgess, S. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+of+glaucoma+with+high-intensity+focused+ultrasound.">Treatment of glaucoma with high-intensity focused ultrasound.</a> Ophthalmology. 93 (6), 831-838 (1986).</li><li>Chen, J., Cohn, R. A., Lin, S. C., Cortes, A. E., Alvarado, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endoscopic+photocoagulation+of+the+ciliary+body+for+treatment+of+refractory+glaucomas.">Endoscopic photocoagulation of the ciliary body for treatment of refractory glaucomas.</a> Am J Ophthalmol. 124 (6), 787-796 (1997).</li><li>Iliev, M. E., Gerber, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+outcome+of+trans-scleral+diode+laser+cyclo-photocoagulation+in+refractory+glaucoma.">Long-term outcome of trans-scleral diode laser cyclo-photocoagulation in refractory glaucoma.</a> Br J Ophthalmol. 91 (12), 1631-1635 (2007).</li></ol>

저자는 공개 없다.

녹 내장은는 새로운 효과적인 치료 하는 데 필요한 장기 예 후를 개선 하는 시 신경에 영향을 미치는 만성 진보적인 질병 이다. IOP의 감소 여전히 방지 또는 지연 시야 손실, 모두와 함께 높은 IOP3없이 눈에만 효과적인 치료를 여겨진다.
UCP는 IOP, 두 가지 방법으로 행동을 낮출 수 있는 새로운 비 incisional cyclodestructive 절차: 속눈썹 신체의 분 비 상피 세포의 선?...

녹 내장 약 100 백만 사람들이1에 영향을 미치는 전세계 실명의 주요 원인 중 하나를 나타냅니다. 시 신경, 시각 장애 및 결국 실명 없이 진행 할 수 있는 시야의 감소에서 기능 결과 신경 섬유의 진보적인 퇴보에 의해 생성 된 광학 신경 병은 적절 한 치료2.
높은 IOP 여전히 녹 내장 발병 및 진행, 현재만 치료할 수 매개 변수3시야 손실 감소를 위한 주요 위험 요소 이라고 여겨진다. IOP 감소 모두 수성 유머의 생산을 감소 및 국 소 또는 전신 약물, 레이저, 또는 수술3,4의 사용에 의해 배수 채널을 통해 그것의 유출 증가 의해 얻을 수 있습니다. 많은 물리적 프로세스 이미 난방 또는5,6,7,,89, 동결 다음 ciliary 본문의 응고 괴 사를 유도 하기 위해 도입 되었습니다. 10,,1112. 그러나, 대상 조직과 IOP를 감소 시키기에서 예측할 수 없는 복용량-효과 관계에 대 한 선택의 부족 전통적인 저항 하는 녹 내장 의료 및 수술 요법4눈에만 사용을 제한 합니다.
지난 년 동안 UCP, 고 강도 집중 된 초음파 (장내)을 고용 하 라는 새로운 장치 개발 되었습니다, 달성의 선택적 응고 하 여 전통적인 cyclodestructive 기술의 한계를 극복의 목적과 ciliary 바디와 인접 한 눈 구조13,14,15,,1617,18,19, 에 가능한 손해를 피하고 20 , 21. 더하여, 위에 안 및 트랜스 scleral 부분의 uveo scleral 유출 통로의 자극 최근 제안 되었습니다 IOP22감소에 절차의 가능한 대체 메커니즘으로. 날짜 하려면, 7 개의 주요 임상 연구를 실시 했습니다 UCP 장치 종류 및 녹 내장,이 비 incisional 절차14,15, 안전과 효과 보여주는의 심각도 등급을 사용 하 여 19,20,,2122,,2324.
이 연구의 목적은 의료 과학계에 지식을 확산이 새로운 필드를 접근 하 고 싶습니다 누가 외과에 유용한 팁과 트릭을 제공 하 고 세부 사항에, 위에서 언급 한 절차를 설명 하는 것입니다.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>BM 900 Slit Lamp Biomioscropy</td>
			<td>Haag-Streit, Koeniz, Switzerland</td>
			<td>BM 900</td>
			<td>Slit Lamp Biomiscroscopy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>G-4 Four-Mirror Glass Gonio Lens</td>
			<td>Volk Optical Inc., Mentor, OH, USA</td>
			<td>#VG4</td>
			<td>Contact lens for gonioscopy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>78D Non Contact Slit Lamp Lens</td>
			<td>Volk Optical Inc., Mentor, OH, USA</td>
			<td>#V78C</td>
			<td>Non contact slit lamp lens</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HospiFluo strips</td>
			<td>AIESI Hospital Service S.a.s., Napoli, Italy</td>
			<td>AHS129</td>
			<td>Fluorescein sterile disposable strips</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AT 900 Goldmann Applanation Tonometer</td>
			<td>Haag-Streit, Koeniz, Switzerland</td>
			<td>AT 900</td>
			<td>Goldmann applanation tonometer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lenstar LS900</td>
			<td>Haag-Streit, Koeniz, Switzerland</td>
			<td>LS900</td>
			<td>Optical biometer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pilocarpina 2% eye drops</td>
			<td>Farmigea, Pisa, Italy</td>
			<td>S01EB01</td>
			<td>Miotic eye drops</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mepivacaina 20mg/ml injectable solution</td>
			<td>Angelini, Roma, Italy</td>
			<td>N01BB03</td>
			<td>Local anesthetic for injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Naropina 10mg/ml injectable solution</td>
			<td>AstraZeneca, Milano, Italy</td>
			<td>N01BB09</td>
			<td>Local anesthetic for injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oftasteril 5% eye drops</td>
			<td>Alfa Intes, Napoli, Italy</td>
			<td>S01AX18</td>
			<td>5% povidone-iodine eye drops</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EyeOP1</td>
			<td>Eye Tech Care, Rillieux-la-Pape, France</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>UCP device</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BSS (balanced salt solution)</td>
			<td>Alcon Inc., Forth Worth, TX, USA</td>
			<td>0065-1795-04</td>
			<td>Sterile irrigating solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tobradex eye drops</td>
			<td>Alcon Italia Spa, Milano, Italy</td>
			<td>S01CA01</td>
			<td>Antibiotic and steroid eye drops</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

ultrasound cyclo plasty in eyes with glaucoma

녹 내장 결과 심각한 시각 장애, 그리고 결국 실명으로 이어질 수 있는 감소 시야에 광학 신경 섬유의 진보적인 퇴보에 의해 발생 하는 만성 질환 이다. 이 원고는 간단한, 외과 의사 친화적인, 비 incisional 기술을, 녹 내장 환자의 안구 내부 압력 (IOP)을 줄이기 위한 초음파 쿠 Plasty (UCP), 라는 설명 합니다. 기술은 결정 모양 몸; 선택적 응고 괴 사 또한, uveo scleral 유출 통로의 위에 안 및 트랜스 scleral 부분 자극 최근 제안 되었습니다. UCP 보여줍니다 몇 가지 기술적인 개선 초음파 기술 이전 기술에 비해 제공 하는 더 정확한 대상 영역에 초점을 맞추고. 절차는 peribulbar 마 취 수술 실에서 수행 됩니다. 간단히, 커플링 콘은 눈 접촉 넣고 6 압 전 트랜스듀서는 초음파 광선을 생산, 포함 된 반지 프로브 안에 삽입 됩니다. 그들의 적절 한 안구 표면 중심 ciliary 본문의 올바른 대상에 대 한 중요 한 단계를 나타냅니다. 살 균 균형된 소금 솔루션 초음파 음향 전파 되도록 빈 공간을 채우기 위해 사용 됩니다. 수술 치료는 총 3 분 미만 동안 각각 6 변환기의 순차 자동 정품 인증에 구성 되어있습니다. 환자 치료 눈으로 절차 패치 후 1 h 병원을 떠난다. 현재 연구에서 개방 각 녹 내장 환자 10 했다 뒤 업 절차 후 최소 12 개월 동안. IOP은 hypotensive 약물의 수로 서 전 요원에 비해 각 간격에서 감소 되었다. 환자의 20 %는 치료에 반응 하지 않았다 그리고 더 나은 제어 IOP 후속 수술을 필요 합니다. 치료 내성 좋았어요, hypotony 또는 phthisis 없는 경우. UCP 절차 간단 하 게, 안전 하 고, 빠르고 전통적인 cyclodestructive 프로시저 IOP를 감소 시키기에서 비슷한 결과를 보다 적게 침략 적 이다.

10의 10 눈 환자 (6 남녀 4, 의미 나 64.9이 ± 13.7 년 범위 39-80 년) 개방 각 녹 내장에 의해 영향을 설명한 기술에 따라 UCP 장치 치료를 했다. 치료 노출 시간 했다 4 s 2 환자, 6 4 명의 환자에 대 한 s와 8 4 명의 환자에 대 한 s. 수술 전에 평균 IOP 24.8 ± 9.6 mmHg (평균 ± 표준 편차), 일일 hypotensive 방울의 평균 수는 매일 acetazolamide 정제의 평균 수와 3.9 ± 1.0 0.6 ± 0.5 했다. 또한, 평균 시...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ultrasound Cyclo Plasty in Eyes with Glaucoma at JoVE.com

Ultrasound Cyclo Plasty in Eyes with Glaucoma

녹 내장은 시야의 감소의 결과로 시 신경 섬유의 진보적인 퇴보와 만성 질환입니다. 안구 내부 압력이 상승 된 가장 중요 하 고 유일한 치료가 가능한 위험 요인으로 간주 됩니다. 이 원고는 간단한, 외과 의사 친화적인, 비 incisional 기술을, 녹 내장 환자의 안구 내부 압력을 감소 시키기를 위한 초음파 쿠 Plasty, 라는 설명 합니다.

초음파 쿠 Plasty 녹 내장 눈에

Glaucoma is a chronic disease caused by the progressive degeneration of the optical nerve fibers, resulting in decreased visual field that can lead to ...

ultrasound-cyclo-plasty-in-eyes-with-glaucoma

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

12.0K 조회수.  University of Bologna. 녹 내장은 시야의 감소의 결과로 시 신경 섬유의 진보적인 퇴보와 만성 질환입니다. 안구 내부 압력이 상승 된 가장 중요 하 고 유일한 치료가 가능한 위험 요인으로 간주 됩니다. 이 원고는 간단한, 외과 의사 친화적인, 비 incisional 기술을, 녹 내장 환자의 안구 내부 압력을 감소 시키기를 위한 초음파 쿠 Plasty, 라는 설명 합니다.

비디오: Ultrasound Cyclo Plasty in Eyes with Glaucoma

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) with Auditory Stimulation in Songbirds

The neurobiology of birdsong, as a model for human speech, is a pronounced area of research in behavioral neuroscience. Whereas electrophysiology and molecular approaches allow the investigation of either different stimuli on few neurons, or one stimulus in large parts of the brain, blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) allows combining both advantages, i.e. compare the neural activation induced by different stimuli in the entire brain at once. fMRI in songbirds is challenging because of the small size of their brains and because their bones and especially their skull comprise numerous air cavities, inducing important susceptibility artifacts. Gradient-echo (GE) BOLD fMRI has been successfully applied to songbirds 1-5 (for a review, see 6). These studies focused on the primary and secondary auditory brain areas, which are regions free of susceptibility artifacts. However, because processes of interest may occur beyond these regions, whole brain BOLD fMRI is required using an MRI sequence less susceptible to these artifacts. This can be achieved by using spin-echo (SE) BOLD fMRI 7,8 . In this article, we describe how to use this technique in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), which are small songbirds with a bodyweight of 15-25 g extensively studied in behavioral neurosciences of birdsong. The main topic of fMRI studies on songbirds is song perception and song learning. The auditory nature of the stimuli combined with the weak BOLD sensitivity of SE (compared to GE) based fMRI sequences makes the implementation of this technique very challenging.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging fMRI with Auditory Stimulation in Songbirds

This article shows an optimized procedure for imaging of the neural substrates of auditory stimulation in the songbird brain using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). It describes the preparation of the sound stimuli, the positioning of the subject and the acquisition and subsequent analysis of the fMRI data.

명금의 청각 자극 기능성 자기 공명 영상 (fMRI)

The neurobiology of birdsong, as a model for human speech, is a pronounced area of research in behavioral neuroscience. Whereas electrophysiology and ...

연구

행동분석학

Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities

Objective and easy measurement of sensory processing is extremely difficult in nonverbal or vulnerable pediatric patients. We developed a new methodology to quantitatively assess children&#39;s cortical processing of light touch, speech sounds and the multisensory processing of the 2 stimuli, without requiring active subject participation or causing children discomfort. To accomplish this we developed a dual channel, time and strength calibrated air puff stimulator that allows both tactile stimulation and sham control. We combined this with the use of event-related potential methodology to allow for high temporal resolution of signals from the primary and secondary somatosensory cortices as well as higher order processing. This methodology also allowed us to measure a multisensory response to auditory-tactile stimulation.

Objective and easy measurement of sensory processing is extremely difficult in nonverbal or vulnerable pediatric patients. We developed a new methodology to quantitatively assess infants and children&#39;s cortical processing of light touch, speech sounds, and the multisensory processing of the 2 stimuli, without requiring active subject participation or causing discomfort in vulnerable patients.

장애 아동의 대뇌 피질의 청각 - 촉각 처리의 정량 평가

Objective and easy measurement of sensory processing is extremely difficult in nonverbal or vulnerable pediatric patients. We developed a new methodology ...

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia

Adolescence is a critical developmental period where the early symptoms of schizophrenia frequently emerge. First-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia who are at familial high risk (FHR) may show similar cognitive and emotional changes. However, the neurological changes underlying the emergence of these symptoms remain unclear. This study sought to identify differences in frontal, striatal, and limbic regions in children and adolescents with FHR using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Groups of 21 children and adolescents at FHR and 21 healthy controls completed an emotional oddball task that relied on selective attention and the suppression of task-irrelevant emotional information. The standard oddball task was modified to include aversive and neutral distractors in order to examine potential group differences in both emotional and executive processing. This task was designed specifically to allow for children and adolescents to complete by keeping the difficulty and emotional image content age-appropriate. Furthermore, we demonstrate a technique for suitable fMRI registration for children and adolescent participants. This paradigm may also be applied in future studies to measure changes in neural activity in other populations with hypothesized developmental changes in executive and emotional processing.

This paper describes how to use the emotional oddball task and fMRI to measure brain activation in children and adolescents at familial high risk for schizophrenia (FHR).&#160;FMRI was used to measure differences in fronto-striato-limbic regions during an emotional oddball task. Children with FHR exhibited abnormal functional activation during adolescence.

정신 분열증에 대한 가족 성 위험이 높은 아동의 정서적 괴짜 작업을 사용하여 이마 관자 - 변연계의 활동의 측정

Adolescence is a critical developmental period where the early symptoms of schizophrenia frequently emerge. First-degree relatives of people with ...

Uncovering Beat Deafness: Detecting Rhythm Disorders with Synchronized Finger Tapping and Perceptual Timing Tasks

A set of behavioral tasks for assessing perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) is presented here with the goal of uncovering rhythm disorders, such as beat deafness. Beat deafness is characterized by poor performance in perceiving durations in auditory rhythmic patterns or poor synchronization of movement with auditory rhythms (e.g., with musical beats). These tasks include the synchronization of finger tapping to the beat of simple and complex auditory stimuli and the detection of rhythmic irregularities (anisochrony detection task) embedded in the same stimuli. These tests, which are easy to administer, include an assessment of both perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities under different conditions (e.g., beat rates and types of auditory material) and are based on the same auditory stimuli, ranging from a simple metronome to a complex musical excerpt. The analysis of synchronized tapping data is performed with circular statistics, which provide reliable measures of synchronization accuracy (e.g., the difference between the timing of the taps and the timing of the pacing stimuli) and consistency. Circular statistics on tapping data are particularly well-suited for detecting individual differences in the general population. Synchronized tapping and anisochrony detection are sensitive measures for identifying profiles of rhythm disorders and have been used with success to uncover cases of poor synchronization with spared perceptual timing. This systematic assessment of perceptual and sensorimotor timing can be extended to populations of patients with brain damage, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson&#8217;s disease), and developmental disorders (e.g., Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder).

Behavioral tasks that allow for the assessment of perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) are presented. Synchronization of finger tapping to the beat of an auditory stimuli and detecting rhythmic irregularities provides a means of uncovering rhythm disorders.

비트의 청각 장애를 폭로 : 감지 리듬 장애를 누르면 동기화 손가락 및 지각 타이밍 작업에

A set of behavioral tasks for assessing perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) is presented here ...

A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats

Environmental contexts in which drugs of abuse are consumed can trigger craving, a subjective Pavlovian-conditioned response that can facilitate drug-seeking behavior and prompt relapse in abstinent drug users. We have developed a procedure to study the behavioral and neural processes that mediate the impact of context on alcohol-seeking behavior in rats. Following acclimation to the taste and pharmacological effects of 15% ethanol in the home cage, male Long-Evans rats receive Pavlovian discrimination training (PDT) in conditioning chambers. In each daily (Mon-Fri) PDT session, 16 trials each of two different 10 sec auditory conditioned stimuli occur. During one stimulus, the CS+, 0.2 ml of 15% ethanol is delivered into a fluid port for oral consumption. The second stimulus, the CS-, is not paired with ethanol. Across sessions, entries into the fluid port during the CS+ increase, whereas entries during the CS- stabilize at a lower level, indicating that a predictive association between the CS+ and ethanol is acquired. During PDT each chamber is equipped with a specific configuration of visual, olfactory and tactile contextual stimuli. Following PDT, extinction training is conducted in the same chamber that is now equipped with a different configuration of contextual stimuli. The CS+ and CS- are presented as before, but ethanol is withheld, which causes a gradual decline in port entries during the CS+. At test, rats are placed back into the PDT context and presented with the CS+ and CS- as before, but without ethanol. This manipulation triggers a robust and selective increase in the number of port entries made during the alcohol predictive CS+, with no change in responding during the CS-. This effect, referred to as context-induced renewal, illustrates the powerful capacity of contexts associated with alcohol consumption to stimulate alcohol-seeking behavior in response to Pavlovian alcohol cues.

A procedure to study the capacity of an alcohol associated environmental context to trigger the renewal of alcohol-seeking behavior in rats is described.

절차 흰쥐의 파블로프 에어컨 알코올 추구 행동의 상황에 의한 갱신을 준수합니다

Environmental contexts in which drugs of abuse are consumed can trigger craving, a subjective Pavlovian-conditioned response that can facilitate ...

Performing Behavioral Tasks in Subjects with Intracranial Electrodes

Patients having stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) electrode, subdural grid or depth electrode implants have a multitude of electrodes implanted in different areas of their brain for the localization of their seizure focus and eloquent areas. After implantation, the patient must remain in the hospital until the pathological area of brain is found and possibly resected. During this time, these patients offer a unique opportunity to the research community because any number of behavioral paradigms can be performed to uncover the neural correlates that guide behavior. Here we present a method for recording brain activity from intracranial implants as subjects perform a behavioral task designed to assess decision-making and reward encoding. All electrophysiological data from the intracranial electrodes are recorded during the behavioral task, allowing for the examination of the many brain areas involved in a single function at time scales relevant to behavior. Moreover, and unlike animal studies, human patients can learn a wide variety of behavioral tasks quickly, allowing for the ability to perform more than one task in the same subject or for performing controls. Despite the many advantages of this technique for understanding human brain function, there are also methodological limitations that we discuss, including environmental factors, analgesic effects, time constraints and recordings from diseased tissue. This method may be easily implemented by any institution that performs intracranial assessments; providing the opportunity to directly examine human brain function during behavior.

Patients implanted with intracranial electrodes provide a unique opportunity to record neurological data from multiple areas of the brain while the patient performs behavioral tasks. Here, we present a method of recording from implanted patients that can be reproducible at other institutions with access to this patient population.

두개 내 전극 피사체에 행동 작업 수행

Patients having stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) electrode, subdural grid or depth electrode implants have a multitude of electrodes implanted in ...

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

In addition to impairments in social communication and the presence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, deficits in sensory processing are now recognized as a core symptom in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our ability to perceive and interact with the external world is rooted in sensory processing. For example, listening to a conversation entails processing the auditory cues coming from the speaker (speech content, prosody, syntax) as well as the associated visual information (facial expressions, gestures). Collectively, the &#8220;integration&#8221; of these multisensory (i.e., combined audiovisual) pieces of information results in better comprehension. Such multisensory integration has been shown to be strongly dependent upon the temporal relationship of the paired stimuli. Thus, stimuli that occur in close temporal proximity are highly likely to result in behavioral and perceptual benefits &#8211; gains believed to be reflective of the perceptual system&#39;s judgment of the likelihood that these two stimuli came from the same source. Changes in this temporal integration are expected to strongly alter perceptual processes, and are likely to diminish the ability to accurately perceive and interact with our world. Here, a battery of tasks designed to characterize various aspects of sensory and multisensory temporal processing in children with ASD is described. In addition to its utility in autism, this battery has great potential for characterizing changes in sensory function in other clinical populations, as well as being used to examine changes in these processes across the lifespan.

We describe how to implement a battery of behavioral tasks to examine the processing and integration of sensory stimuli in children with ASD. The goal is to characterize individual differences in temporal processing of simple auditory and visual stimuli and relate these to higher order perceptual skills like speech perception.

자폐증 스펙트럼 장애와 아동의 감각과 감각적 기능 테스트

In addition to impairments in social communication and the presence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, deficits in sensory processing are ...

Ultrasound Images of the Tongue: A Tutorial for Assessment and Remediation of Speech Sound Errors

Diagnostic ultrasound imaging has been a common tool in medical practice for several decades. It provides a safe and effective method for imaging structures internal to the body. There has been a recent increase in the use of ultrasound technology to visualize the shape and movements of the tongue during speech, both in typical speakers and in clinical populations. Ultrasound imaging of speech has greatly expanded our understanding of how sounds articulated with the tongue (lingual sounds) are produced. Such information can be particularly valuable for speech-language pathologists. Among other advantages, ultrasound images can be used during speech therapy to provide (1) illustrative models of typical (i.e.&#160;&#34;correct&#34;) tongue configurations for speech sounds, and (2) a source of insight into the articulatory nature of deviant productions. The images can also be used as an additional source of feedback for clinical populations learning to distinguish their better productions from their incorrect productions, en route to establishing more effective articulatory habits.
Ultrasound feedback is increasingly used by scientists and clinicians as both the expertise of the users increases and as the expense of the equipment declines. In this tutorial, procedures are presented for collecting ultrasound images of the tongue in a clinical context. We illustrate these procedures in an extended example featuring one common error sound, American English /r/. Images of correct and distorted /r/ are used to demonstrate (1) how to interpret ultrasound images, (2) how to assess tongue shape during production of speech sounds, (3), how to categorize tongue shape errors, and (4), how to provide visual feedback to elicit a more appropriate and functional tongue shape. We present a sample protocol for using real-time ultrasound images of the tongue for visual feedback to remediate speech sound errors. Additionally, example data are shown to illustrate outcomes with the procedure.

Ultrasound imaging can be used to display the shape and movements of the tongue in real time during speech. The images can be used to determine the nature of speech sound errors. Visual feedback of the tongue can be used to facilitate improvements in speech sound production in clinical populations.

음성 사운드 오류의 평가를위한 튜토리얼 및 치료 : 초음파 혀의 이미지

Diagnostic ultrasound imaging has been a common tool in medical practice for several decades. It provides a safe and effective method for imaging ...

Profiling Anti-Neu5Gc IgG in Human Sera with a Sialoglycan Microarray Assay

Cells are covered with a cloak of carbohydrate chains (glycans) that is commonly altered in cancer and that includes variations in sialic acid (Sia) expression. These are acidic sugars that have a 9-carbon backbone and that cap vertebrate glycans on cell surfaces. Two of the major Sia forms in mammals are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and its hydroxylated form, N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). Humans cannot produce endogenous Neu5Gc due to the inactivation of the gene encoding cytidine 5&#39;monophosphate-Neu5Ac (CMP-Neu5Ac) hydroxylase (CMAH). Foreign Neu5Gc is acquired by human cells through the dietary consumption of red meat and dairy and subsequently appears on diverse glycans on the cell surface, accumulating mostly on carcinomas. Consequently, humans have circulating anti-Neu5Gc antibodies that play diverse roles in cancer and other chronic inflammation-mediated diseases and that are becoming potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Here, we describe a high-throughput sialoglycan microarray assay to assess such anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in the human sera. Neu5Gc-containing glycans and their matched pairs of controls (Neu5Ac-containing glycans), each with a core primary amine, are covalently linked to epoxy-coated glass slides. We exemplify the printing of 56 slides in a 16-well format using a specific nano-printer capable of generating up to 896 arrays per print. Each slide can be used to screen 16 different human sera samples for the evaluation of anti-Neu5Gc antibody specificity, intensity, and diversity. The protocol describes the complexity of this robust tool and provides a basic guideline for those aiming to investigate the response to Neu5Gc dietary carbohydrate antigen in diverse clinical samples in an array format.

A sialoglycan microarray assay can be used to evaluate anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in human sera, making it a potential high-throughput diagnostic assay for cancer and other chronic inflammation-mediated human diseases.

Sialoglycan Microarray Assay를 사용하여 Human Sera에서 Anti-Neu5Gc IgG 프로파일 링

Cells are covered with a cloak of carbohydrate chains (glycans) that is commonly altered in cancer and that includes variations in sialic acid (Sia) ...

Bouncing Ball with a Uniformly Varying Velocity in a Metronome Synchronization Task

Sensorimotor synchronization (SMS), a fundamental human ability to coordinate movements with external rhythms, has long been thought to be modality specific. In the canonical metronome synchronization task that requires tapping a finger along with an isochronous sequence, a well-established finding is that synchronization is much more stable to an auditory sequence consisting of auditory tones than to a visual sequence consisting of visual flashes. However, recent studies have shown that periodically moving visual stimuli can substantially improve synchronization compared with visual flashes. In particular, synchronization of a visual bouncing ball that has a uniformly varying velocity was found to be not less stable than synchronization of auditory tones. Here, the current protocol describes the application of the bouncing ball with a uniformly varying velocity in a metronome synchronization task. The usage of the bouncing ball in sequences with different inter-onset intervals (IOI) is included. The representative results illustrate synchronization performance of the bouncing ball, as compared with the performances of auditory tones and visual flashes. Given its comparable synchronization performance to that of auditory tones, the bouncing ball is of particular importance for addressing the current research topic of whether modality-specific mechanisms underlay SMS.

The purpose of this protocol is to introduce the application of a bouncing ball with a uniformly varying velocity in a metronome synchronization task.

메트로놈 동기화 작업에 균일 하 게 다양 한 속도와 튀는 공

Sensorimotor synchronization (SMS), a fundamental human ability to coordinate movements with external rhythms, has long been thought to be modality ...