저자는 그의 우수한 기술 지원에 대한 하트 위비히 Wieboldt 감사하고 싶습니다, 그리고 현미경및 지원을 제공하는 대학 의료 센터 함부르크 - Eppendorf의 UKE 현미경 이미징 시설 (Umif). 이 연구는 DZHK에 의해 투자되었다 (심장 혈관 연구를위한 독일 센터) [FKZ 81Z4710141].

저자는 공개 할 것이 없습니다.

VA의 개시에 선행된 교감 신경계의 신경세포 및 분자 프로세스에 있는 세포 및 분자 프로세스의 이해는, 급격한 심장 정지가 전 세계적으로 죽음의 일반적인 원인 남아 있기 때문에, 높은 관심사입니다5. 따라서, 현재 원고에서, 우리는 뮤린 SG를 식별하는 방법의 기본 레퍼토리를 제공합니다 - 이 네트워크 내의 뮤린 원소 - RNA에 후속 분석을 수행, 단백질, 및 세포 수준.
<p class=...

심장 자율 신경계는 심장이 적절한 생리적 반응1,2로환경 변화에 적응할 수 있도록 교감, 부교감 및 감각 성분의 엄격하게 조절된 평형이다. 이러한 평형의 교란은 예를 들어, 교감 활동의 증가, 발병의 핵심 동인으로서 확립된 뿐만 아니라 심실 부정맥(VA)3,4의유지보수로 확립되었다. 따라서, 베타 차단제와의 교감 활동의 약리학적 감소를 통해 달성된 자율 변조는 수십 년 동안 VA를 가진 환자의 치료에 초석이 되어왔다5,6. 그러나 약리학 및 카테터 기반 내정간섭에도 불구하고, 환자의 관련 수는 아직도 재발성 VA7때문에 손해를 입습니다.
심장에 대한 공감 입력은 주로 스텔레이트 신경리아(SG)의 신경 세포 체를 통해 중재되며, 교감 사슬의 양자 별 모양 구조는 뇌간에서 심장8,9,10까지수많은 내트라토라시크 신경을 통해 정보를 전달한다. 부상 후 SG로부터 발아하는 신경은 VA및 갑작스런심장사멸(11,12)과관련이 있으며, SG를 자율변조의 대상으로강조한다(13,14). 심장에 대한 공감 입력의 감소는 비디오 보조 흉부검사(15,16)를통해 SG를 부분적으로 제거함으로써 국소 마취제의 경피 주입또는 영구적으로 영구적으로 얻을 수 있다. 심장 동정 성 서성 검사는 유망한 결과 와 치료 불응성 VA 환자에 대한 옵션을 제공합니다14,16,17. 우리는 신경 및 신경 화학적 리모델링, 신경 염증 및 신경교 활성화가 자율 기능 장애18,19에기여하거나 악화 시킬 수있는 공감 리모델링의 특징이라는 이러한 환자의 이식 SG에서 배웠습니다. 여전히, 이러한 뉴런의 기본 세포 및 분자 과정은 현재까지 모호하게 남아, 예를 들어, 해저 현상형으로 뉴런 전이의 역할20,21. 실험 연구는 VA를 치료하는 새로운 접근 방식을 제시, 예를 들어, 광유전학을 통해 교감 신경 활동의 감소(22)하지만 SG의 심층 특성은 여전히 VA와 함께 가는 많은 심장 병리학에서 부족. 이러한 병리를 모방 마우스 모델은 잠재적으로 부정맥의 발병 앞에 신경 리모델링을 연구 할 수 있습니다12,23. 이들은 심혼과 신경계의 자율 특성화를 위한 추가 형태학 및 기능적인 분석에 의해 완료될 수 있습니다. 본 프로토콜에서, 우리는 VA의 이해를 향상시키기 위해 뮤린 SG를 해부하고 특성화 할 수있는 방법의 기본 레퍼토리를 제공합니다.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well plate</td>
			<td>TPP</td>
			<td>92097</td>
			<td>RNAscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adhesion Slides SuperFrost plus&#160; 25 x 75 x 1 mm</td>
			<td>R. Langenbrinck</td>
			<td>03-0060</td>
			<td>Microscopy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Albumin bovine Fraction V receptor grade lyophil.</td>
			<td>Serva</td>
			<td>11924.03</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>bisBenzimide H33342 trihydrochloride (Hoechst)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA</td>
			<td>B2261</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chicken anti neurofilament</td>
			<td>EMD Millipore</td>
			<td>AB5539</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td>Merck, KGA, Darmstadt, Germany</td>
			<td>D8418</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey anti chicken IgY Alexa 647&#160;</td>
			<td>Merck, KGA, Darmstadt, Germany</td>
			<td>AP194SA6</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey anti goat IgG Alexa 568&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A11057</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey anti rabbit IgG Alexa 488&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A21206</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drying block 37-100 mm</td>
			<td>Whatman (Sigma Aldrich)</td>
			<td>WHA10310992&#160;</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eosin Y</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>E4009</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol 99 % denatured with MEK, IPA and Bitrex (min. 99,8 %)</td>
			<td>Th.Geyer</td>
			<td>2212.5000</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eukitt mounting medium</td>
			<td>AppliChem</td>
			<td>253681.0008</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluoromount-G</td>
			<td>Southern Biotech</td>
			<td>0100-01</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluoromount-G + DAPI</td>
			<td>Southern Biotech</td>
			<td>0100-20</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti choline acetyltransferase</td>
			<td>EMD Millipore</td>
			<td>AP144P</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>H2O2 30% (w/w)</td>
			<td>Merck, KGA, Darmstadt, Germany</td>
			<td>H1009</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin Sodium 25.000 UI / 5ml</td>
			<td>Rotexmedica</td>
			<td>PZN: 3862340</td>
			<td>Preparation SG</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High-capacity cDNA reverse transctiption kit</td>
			<td>Life technologies</td>
			<td>&#160;4368813</td>
			<td>RNA isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane (Forene)</td>
			<td>Abbott Laboratories</td>
			<td>2594.00.00</td>
			<td>Preparation SG</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mayer&#39;s hemalum solution</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>1.09249.0500</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methanol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>34860</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope cover glasses 20x20 mm or smaller</td>
			<td>Marienfeld</td>
			<td>0101040</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>miRNeasy Mini Kit</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>217004</td>
			<td>RNA isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NanoDrop 2000c</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>ND-2000C</td>
			<td>RNA isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Opal 570 Reagent Pack</td>
			<td>Akoya Bioscience</td>
			<td>FP1488001KT</td>
			<td>RNAscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde, 16% w/v aq. soln., methanol free&#160;</td>
			<td>Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td>43368</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pasteur pipettes, LDPE, unsterile, 3 ml, 154 mm</td>
			<td>Th.Geyer</td>
			<td>7691202</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate-buffered saline tablets</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>18912-014</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pinzette Dumont SS Forceps</td>
			<td>FineScienceTools</td>
			<td>11203-25</td>
			<td>Preparation SG</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>QIAzol Lysis Reagent</td>
			<td>Qiagen&#160;</td>
			<td>79306</td>
			<td>RNA isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rabbit anti tyrosine hydroxylase</td>
			<td>EMD Millipore</td>
			<td>AB152</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RNAlater</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>R0901-100ML</td>
			<td>RNA isolation (optional)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RNAscope Multiplex Fluorescent Reagent Kit v2</td>
			<td>biotechne (ACD)</td>
			<td>323100</td>
			<td>RNAscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RNAscope Probe-Mm-S100b-C2</td>
			<td>biotechne (ACD)</td>
			<td>431738-C2</td>
			<td>RNAscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RNAscope Probe-Mm-Tubb3</td>
			<td>biotechne (ACD)</td>
			<td>423391</td>
			<td>RNAscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless steel beads 7 mm&#160;</td>
			<td>Qiagen&#160;</td>
			<td>69990</td>
			<td>RNA isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sudan black B</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>0292.2</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TaqMan Gene Expression Assay Cdkn1b (Mm00438168_m1)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>4331182</td>
			<td>Gene expression analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TaqMan Gene Expression Assay Choline acetyltransferase (Mm01221880_m1)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>4331182</td>
			<td>Gene expression analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TaqMan Gene Expression Assay MKi67 (Mm01278617_m1)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>4331182</td>
			<td>Gene expression analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TaqMan Gene Expression Assay PTPCR (Mm01293577_m1)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>4331182</td>
			<td>Gene expression analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TaqMan Gene Expression Assay S100b (Mm00485897_m1)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>4331182</td>
			<td>Gene expression analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TaqMan Gene Expression Assay Tyrosin Hydroxylase (Mm00447557_m1)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>4331182</td>
			<td>Gene expression analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TaqMan mastermix</td>
			<td>Applied biosystems</td>
			<td>4370074</td>
			<td>Gene Expression analysis&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue Lyser II</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>85300</td>
			<td>RNA isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100 10% solution</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>93443-100ml</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween-20</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P9416-100ML</td>
			<td>RNAscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wacom bamboo pen</td>
			<td>Wacom</td>
			<td>CTL-460/K</td>
			<td>Cell size measurements</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Whatman prepleated qualitative filter paper, Grade 595 1/2</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>WHA10311647</td>
			<td>Whole mount staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wheat Germ Agglutinin, Alexa Fluor 633 Conjugate</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>W21404</td>
			<td>RNAscope</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

location, dissection, and analysis of the murine stellate ganglion

자율 신경계는 심장 전기 생리학의 실질적인 동인입니다. 특히 그 공감 분기의 역할은 심실 부정맥 (VA)의 병리 생리학에 있는 조사의 지속적인 문제입니다. 동정 사슬의 양측 별 모양 구조인 스텔레이트 신경리아(SG)의   뉴런은   공감 인프라의 중요한 구성 요소입니다. SG는 치료 내화 VA를 가진 환자에 있는 심장 교감 기질을 통해 처리를 위한 인정된 표적입니다. SG의 신경 리모델링 및 신경교 활성화는 VA 환자에서 설명되었지만, 잠재적으로 부정맥의 발병에 앞서 있는 근본적인 세포 및 분자 과정은 충분히 이해되지 않으며 자율 변조를 개선하기 위해 해명되어야 합니다. 마우스 모델은 우리가 공감 신경 리모델링을 연구 할 수 있습니다, 하지만 murine SG의 식별은 경험이 없는 조사자에게 도전이다. 따라서, 뮤린 SG의 심층 세포 및 분자 생물학적 연구는 많은 일반적인 심장 질환에 대한 부족하다. 여기서, RNA 수준(유전자 발현 분석을 위한 RNA 절연, 현장에서 혼성화), 단백질 수준(면역형성 전체 마운트 염색), 및 세포 수준(기본 형태학, 세포 크기 측정)에서 분석을 위해 성인 마우스에서 SG를 해부하고 연구하기 위한 기본 레퍼토리를 설명합니다. 우리는 준비 기술의 문제를 극복하기 위한 잠재적인 해결책과 자동 불발성 담금질을 통해 염색을 개선하는 방법을 제시합니다. 이를 통해 세포 조성 및 리모델링 과정을 결정하기 위해 확립된 마커를 통해 뉴런뿐만 아니라 신경교 세포의 시각화를 가능하게 한다. 여기에 제시된 방법은 SG가 VA에 걸리기 쉬운 마우스에 있는 자율 장애에 대한 추가 정보를 얻기 위하여 허용하고 심혼에 있는 자율 신경계의 신경 및 신경교 성분을 조사하는 추가 기술에 의해 보완될 수 있습니다.

도 1은 SG를 식별하고 해부하는 방법을 시각화합니다. 도 1A는 위치의 회로도 도면을 나타내고, 도 1B는 심장 폐 패키지를 제거한 후 흉부로 뷰를 제시한다. SG와 늑골 케이지의 왼쪽 및 오른쪽 긴 콜리 근육은 방향에 중요한 랜드마크입니다. 해부는 근육과 첫 번째 갈비뼈 사이의 점선을 따라 수행됩니다. SG와 공감 체인은 흰색<strong...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Location, Dissection, and Analysis of the Murine Stellate Ganglion at JoVE.com

Location, Dissection, and Analysis of the Murine Stellate Ganglion

심장 자율 신경계의 병리학적 변화, 특히 교감 지점에서 심실 부정맥의 발병 및 유지 보수에 기여합니다. 본 프로토콜에서, 우리는 근본적인 분자 및 세포 프로세스의 이해를 향상시키기 위하여 murine stellate ganglia를 특성화하는 방법을 보여줍니다.

뮤린 스텔레이트 갠리온의 위치, 해부 및 분석

The autonomic nervous system is a substantial driver of cardiac electrophysiology. Especially&#160;the role of its sympathetic branch is an ongoing matter ...

location-dissection-and-analysis-of-the-murine-stellate-ganglion

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

9.6K 조회수.  EVK Düsseldorf, cNEP, cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology Research Consortium. 심장 자율 신경계의 병리학적 변화, 특히 교감 지점에서 심실 부정맥의 발병 및 유지 보수에 기여합니다. 본 프로토콜에서, 우리는 근본적인 분자 및 세포 프로세스의 이해를 향상시키기 위하여 murine stellate ganglia를 특성화하는 방법을 보여줍니다.

비디오: Location, Dissection, and Analysis of the Murine Stellate Ganglion

A Method for Murine Islet Isolation and Subcapsular Kidney Transplantation

Since the early pioneering work of Ballinger and Reckard demonstrating that transplantation of islets of Langerhans into diabetic rodents could normalize their blood glucose levels, islet transplantation has been proposed to be a potential treatment for type 1 diabetes 1,2. More recently, advances in human islet transplantation have further strengthened this view 1,3. However, two major limitations prevent islet transplantation from being a widespread clinical reality: (a) the requirement for large numbers of islets per patient, which severely reduces the number of potential recipients, and (b) the need for heavy immunosuppression, which significantly affects the pediatric population of patients due to their vulnerability to long-term immunosuppression. Strategies that can overcome these limitations have the potential to enhance the therapeutic utility of islet transplantation.
Islet transplantation under the mouse kidney capsule is a widely accepted model to investigate various strategies to improve islet transplantation. This experiment requires the isolation of high quality islets and implantation of islets to the diabetic recipients. Both procedures require surgical steps that can be better demonstrated by video than by text. Here, we document the detailed steps for these procedures by both video and written protocol. We also briefly discuss different transplantation models: syngeneic, allogeneic, syngeneic autoimmune, and allogeneic autoimmune.

Transplantation of isolated islets has been proposed to be a potential treatment for type 1 diabetes. Here we describe a method to isolate islets from mouse pancreata and transplant them to the subcapsular space of the kidney.

Murine 아일릿 절연 및 Subcapsular 신장 이식을위한 방법

Since the early pioneering work of Ballinger and Reckard demonstrating that transplantation of islets of Langerhans into diabetic rodents could normalize ...

연구

의학

Dissection of Human Vitreous Body Elements for Proteomic Analysis

The vitreous is an optically clear, collagenous extracellular matrix that fills the inside of the eye and overlies the retina. 1,2 Abnormal interactions between vitreous substructures and the retina underlie several vitreoretinal diseases, including retinal tear and detachment, macular pucker, macular hole, age-related macular degeneration, vitreomacular traction, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and inherited vitreoretinopathies. 1,2 The molecular composition of the vitreous substructures is not known. Since the vitreous body is transparent with limited surgical access, it has been difficult to study its substructures at the molecular level. We developed a method to separate and preserve these tissues for proteomic and biochemical analysis. The dissection technique in this experimental video shows how to isolate vitreous base, anterior hyaloid, vitreous core, and vitreous cortex from postmortem human eyes. One-dimensional SDS-PAGE analyses of each vitreous component showed that our dissection technique resulted in four unique protein profiles corresponding to each substructure of the human vitreous body. Identification of differentially compartmentalized proteins will reveal candidate molecules underlying various vitreoretinal diseases.

This video shows an effective technique for differentiating and dissecting the various semi-transparent structures of the human vitreous body in post mortem eyes.

Proteomic 분석을위한 인적 유리 바디 요소의 해부

The vitreous is an optically clear, collagenous extracellular matrix that fills the inside of the eye and overlies the retina. 1,2 Abnormal interactions ...

Quantitative Analysis and Characterization of Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Murine Aortic Sinus

Atherosclerosis is a disease of the large arteries and a major underlying cause of myocardial infarction and stroke. Several different mouse models have been developed to facilitate the study of the molecular and cellular pathophysiology of this disease. In this manuscript we describe specific techniques for the quantification and characterization of atherosclerotic lesions in the murine aortic sinus and ascending aorta. The advantage of this procedure is that it provides an accurate measurement of the cross-sectional area and total volume of the lesion, which can be used to compare atherosclerotic progression across different treatment groups. This is possible through the use of the valve leaflets as an anatomical landmark, together with careful adjustment of the sectioning angle. We also describe basic staining methods that can be used to begin to characterize atherosclerotic progression. These can be further modified to investigate antigens of specific interest to the researcher. The described techniques are generally applicable to a wide variety of existing and newly created dietary and genetically-induced models of atherogenesis.

We describe procedures to quantify and characterize atherosclerotic lesions in mouse models using precision sectioning of the aortic sinus and ascending aorta combined with histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis.

쥐의 대동맥 부비동의 동맥 경화 병변의 정량 분석​​ 및 특성

Atherosclerosis is a disease of the large arteries and a major underlying cause of myocardial infarction and stroke. Several different mouse models have ...

Whole Vitreous Humor Dissection for Vitreodynamic Analysis

The authors propose an effective technique to isolate whole, intact vitreous core and cortex from post mortem enucleated porcine eyes. While previous studies have shown the results of such dissections, the detailed steps have not been described, precluding researchers outside the field from replicating their methods. Other studies harvest vitreous either through aspiration, which does not maintain the vitreous structure anatomy, or through partial dissection, which only isolates the vitreous core. The proposed method isolates the whole vitreous body, with the vitreous core and cortex intact, while maintaining vitreous anatomy and structural integrity. In this method, a full thickness scleral flap in an enucleated porcine eye is first created and through this, the choroid tissue can be separated from the sclera. The scleral flap is then expanded and the choroid is completely separated from the sclera. Finally the choroid-retina tissue is peeled off the vitreous to leave an isolated intact vitreous body. The proposed vitreous dissection technique can be used to study physical properties of the vitreous humor. In particular, this method has significance for experimental studies involving drug delivery, vitreo-retinal oxygen transport, and intraocular convection.

The goal of this protocol is to show an effective technique to isolate whole, intact vitreous core and cortex from post mortem enucleated porcine eyes.

Vitreodynamic 분석을위한 항목의 유리체 유머 해부

The authors propose an effective technique to isolate whole, intact vitreous core and cortex from post mortem enucleated porcine eyes. While previous ...

Murine Prostate Micro-dissection and Surgical Castration

Mouse models are used extensively to study prostate cancer and other diseases. The mouse is an excellent model with which to study the prostate and has been used as a surrogate for discoveries in human prostate development and disease. Prostate micro-dissection allows consistent study of lobe-specific prostate anatomy, histology, and cellular characteristics in the absence of contamination of other tissues. Testosterone affects prostate development and disease. Androgen deprivation therapy is a common treatment for prostate cancer patients, but many prostate tumors become castration-resistant. Surgical castration of mouse models allows for the study of castration resistance and other facets of hormonal biology on the prostate. This procedure can be coupled with testosterone reintroduction, or hormonal regeneration of the prostate, a powerful method to study stem cell lineages in the prostate. Together, prostate micro-dissection and surgical castration opens up a multitude of opportunities for robust and consistent research of prostate development and disease. This manuscript describes the protocols for prostate micro-dissection and surgical castration in the laboratory mouse.

This manuscript describes the protocols for prostate micro-dissection and surgical castration in the laboratory mouse. We also depict representative results produced by these protocols. Finally, we discuss the advantages and utilization of these protocols.

쥐의 전립선 마이크로 해부 및 수술 거세

Mouse models are used extensively to study prostate cancer and other diseases. The mouse is an excellent model with which to study the prostate and has ...

Dissection of the Mouse Pancreas for Histological Analysis and Metabolic Profiling

We have been investigating the pancreas specific transcription factor, 1a cre-recombinase; lox-stop-lox- Kristen rat sarcoma, glycine to aspartic acid at the 12 codon (Ptf1acre/+;LSL-KrasG12D/+) mouse strain as a model of human pancreatic cancer. The goal of our current studies is to identify novel metabolic biomarkers of pancreatic cancer progression. We have performed metabolic profiling of urine, feces, blood, and pancreas tissue extracts, as well as histological analyses of the pancreas to stage the cancer progression. The mouse pancreas is not a well-defined solid organ like in humans, but rather is a diffusely distributed soft tissue that is not easily identified by individuals unfamiliar with mouse internal anatomy or by individuals that have little or no experience performing mouse organ dissections. The purpose of this article is to provide a detailed step-wise visual demonstration to guide novices in the removal of the mouse pancreas by dissection. This article should be especially valuable to students and investigators new to research that requires harvesting of the mouse pancreas by dissection for metabolic profiling or histological analyses.

This video article provides a detailed demonstration of the procedures required to successfully remove the pancreas from a mouse by dissection for histological analysis and metabolic profiling.

조직학 분석 및 대사 프로 파일링에 대 한 마우스 췌의 해 부

We have been investigating the pancreas specific transcription factor, 1a cre-recombinase; lox-stop-lox- Kristen rat sarcoma, glycine to aspartic acid at ...

Dissection and Explant Culture of Murine Allantois for the In Vitro Analysis of Allantoic Attachment

The placenta is essential for the growth and development of mammalian embryos. For this reason, numerous genetic alterations and likely also environmental insults that disturb placenta development or function can cause early pregnancy loss in mice and humans. Nevertheless, simple in vitro assays to screen for potential effects on placenta formation are lacking. Here, we focus on modeling the first and critical step in placenta formation, which consists of the attachment of the allantois to the chorion. We describe a method to rapidly assess the attachment of allantoic explants on immobilized &#945;4&#946;1 integrin, which serves as a chorio-mimetic substrate.This in vitro approach enables a qualitative evaluation of the attachment and spreading behavior of multiple allantois explants at different consecutive time points. The protocol may be used to investigate the effect of targeted mouse mutations, drugs, or various environmental factors that have been linked to pregnancy complications or fetal loss on allantois attachment ex vivo.

Dissection and Explant Culture of Murine Allantois for the In Vitro Analysis of Allantoic Attachment

We describe an in vitro assay to model chorioallantoic attachment, the first step in placenta formation. The protocol demonstrates the dissection and explant culture of murine allantoides on immobilized &#945;4&#946;1 integrin. Allantois attachment is evaluated microscopically at pre-determined time points.

해 부와 Allantoic 첨부 파일의 생체 외에서 분석 Murine Allantois Explant 문화

The placenta is essential for the growth and development of mammalian embryos. For this reason, numerous genetic alterations and likely also environmental ...

A Non-Invasive Method for Generating the Cyclic Loading-Induced Intra-Articular Cartilage Lesion Model of the Rat Knee

The pathophysiology of primary osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. However, a specific subclassification of OA in relatively younger age groups is likely correlated with a history of articular cartilage damage and ligament avulsion. Surgical animal models of OA of the knee play an important role in understanding the onset and progression of post-traumatic OA and aid in the development of novel therapies for this disease. However, non-surgical models have been recently considered to avoid traumatic inflammation that could affect the evaluation of the intervention. 
In this study, an intra-articular cartilage lesion rat model induced by in vivo cyclic compressive loading was developed, which allowed researchers to (1) determine the optimal magnitude, speed, and duration of load that could cause focal cartilage damage; (2) assess post-traumatic spatiotemporal pathological changes in chondrocyte vitality; and (3) evaluate the histological expression of destructive or protective molecules that are involved in the adaptation and repair mechanisms against joint compressive loads. This report describes the experimental protocol for this novel cartilage lesion in a rat model.

Here, we present the cyclic loading-induced intra-articular cartilage lesion model of the rat knee, generated by 60 cyclic compressions over 20 N, resulting in damage to the femoral condylar cartilage in rats.

래트 무릎의 순환 로딩 유도 관절내 연골 병변 모델을 생성하기 위한 비침습적 방법

The pathophysiology of primary osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. However, a specific subclassification of OA in relatively younger age groups is likely ...

Robot-assisted Total Mesorectal Excision and Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Locally Advanced Middle-low Rectal Cancer

Since their approval for clinical use, da Vinci surgical robots have shown great advantages in gastrointestinal surgical operations, especially in complex procedures. The high-quality 3-D visual, multijoint arm and natural tremor filtration allow the surgeon to expose and dissect more accurately with minimal invasion. Total mesorectal excision is the standard surgical technique for the treatment of resectable rectal cancer. To reduce the lateral recurrence rate, lateral pelvic lymph node dissection can be performed, as it is a safe and feasible procedure for locally advanced middle-low rectal cancer with a high possibility of metastasis to the lateral lymph nodes. However, the complexity of the anatomic structures and the high postoperative complication rate limit its application. Recently, several surgeons have increasingly used robotic techniques for total mesorectal excision and lateral pelvic lymph node dissection. Compared with open and laparoscopic surgery, the robotic technique has several advantages, such as less blood loss, fewer blood transfusions, minimal trauma, shorter postoperative hospitalization, and quicker recovery. A robotic approach is generally regarded as a reasonable alternative for complicated procedures such as lateral pelvic lymph node dissection, although there are a limited number of high-quality prospective randomized controlled studies reporting direct evidence. Here, we provide the detailed steps of robot-assisted total mesorectal excision and lateral pelvic lymph node dissection performed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi&#39;an Jiaotong University.

The robotic technique described herein aims to detail a stepwise approach to robot-assisted total mesorectal excision and lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for locally advanced (T3/T4) rectal cancer located below the peritoneal reflection.

로봇 보조 총 중각 절제술 및 측면 골반 림프절 해부 국소 고급 중간 낮은 직장 암

Since their approval for clinical use, da Vinci surgical robots have shown great advantages in gastrointestinal surgical operations, especially in complex ...

Robotic Left Hepatectomy using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging for an Intrahepatic Complex Biliary Cyst

Biliary cysts (BC) are rare congenital dilatations of intra- and extrahepatic parts of the biliary tract and bear a significant risk of carcinogenesis. Surgery is the cornerstone treatment for patients with BC. While total BC excision and Roux-Y hepaticojejunostomy is the treatment method of the choice in patients with extrahepatic BC (i.e., Todani I-IV), patients with intrahepatic BC (i.e., Todani V) benefit the most from a surgical liver resection. In recent years, minimally invasive liver surgery (MILS) including robotic MILS has gained more acceptance as a feasible, safe, and effective procedure for the treatment of both benign and malignant indications. Robotic major MILS is still considered technically demanding and a detailed description of the technical approach during robotic major MILS has only been limitedly discussed in the literature. The current article describes the main steps for a robotic left hepatectomy in a patient with a large BC Todani Type V. The patient is in French position with 5 trocars placed (4 robotic, 1 laparoscopic assistant). After mobilizing the left hemiliver, the left and right hepatic artery are dissected carefully followed by a cholecystectomy. Intraoperative ultrasound is performed to confirm localization and margins of the BC. The Left hepatic artery and left portal vein are isolated, clipped, and divided. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging is used regularly during the entire procedure to visualize and confirm biliary tract anatomy and the BC. Parenchymal transection is performed with robotic cautery hook for the superficial part and robotic cautery spatula, bipolar cautery, and vessel sealer for the deeper parenchyma. The postoperative course was uncomplicated. A robotic left hepatectomy is technically demanding, yet a feasible and safe procedure. ICG-fluorescence imaging aids in delineating the BC and bile duct anatomy. Further, comparative studies are needed to confirm clinical benefits of robotic MILS for benign and malignant indications.

Robotic liver surgery has gained more acceptance as a feasible, safe, and effective procedure for the treatment of both benign and malignant indications. However, robotic left hepatectomy is still technically demanding. We describe our surgical technique of a robotic left hepatectomy using indocyanine green fluorescence imaging for a large biliary cyst.

간내 복합 담즙 낭종에 대한 Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging 을 사용하는 로봇 왼쪽 간 절제술

Biliary cysts (BC) are rare congenital dilatations of intra- and extrahepatic parts of the biliary tract and bear a significant risk of carcinogenesis. ...