Preparation of the Rat Vocal Fold for Neuromuscular Analyses

Summary

This protocol describes methods used to prepare rat vocal folds for histochemical neuromuscular study.

Abstract

The purpose of this tutorial is to describe the preparation of the rat vocal fold for histochemical neuromuscular study. This protocol outlines procedures for rat laryngeal dissection, flash-freezing, and cryosectioning of the vocal folds. This study describes how to cryosection vocal folds in both longitudinal and cross-sectional planes. A novelty of this protocol is the laryngeal tracking during cryosectioning that ensures accurate identification of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles and reduces the chance of tissue loss. Figures demonstrate the progressive cryosectioning in both planes. Twenty-nine rat hemi-larynges were cryosectioned and tracked from the emergence of the thyroid cartilage to the appearance of the first section that included the full vocal fold. The full vocal fold was visualized for all animals in both planes. There was high variability in the distance from the appearance of the thyroid cartilage to the appearance of the full vocal fold in both planes. Weight was not correlated to depth of laryngeal landmarks, suggesting individual variability and other factors related to tissue preparation may be responsible for the high variability in the appearance of landmarks during sectioning. This study details a methodology and presents morphological data for preparing the rat vocal fold for histochemical neuromuscular investigation. Due to high individual variability, laryngeal landmarks should be closely tracked during cryosectioning to prevent oversectioning tissue and tissue loss. The use of a consistent methodology, including adequate tissue preparation and awareness of landmarks within the rat larynx, will assist with consistent results across studies and aid new researchers interested in using the rat vocal fold as a model to investigate laryngeal neuromuscular mechanisms.

Introduction

The rat larynx is a well-established model to investigate structural and functional neuromuscular laryngeal adaptations to development, aging, disease, and pharmacological agents^1,2,3,4,5. Consistency of histological methods is critical to this line of work, as there are multiple intricacies involved in muscle preparation and analysis as well as challenges associated with laryngeal size, shape, and topography of the muscles encapsulated within the laryngeal cartilages^1,

Protocol

This study was performed in compliance with the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of New York University School of Medicine.

1. Dissect rat larynx

1. Euthanize rat according to the institutionally approved protocol. Shave the ventral neck from the mandible to manubrium and swab with alcohol to prevent fur contamination in the tissue specimens.
2. Under a dissecting scope with 10x magnification excise the entire larynx by creating a midline neck incision with a scalpel until the trachea is exposed.
3. Separate the ventral extrinsic laryngeal muscles at the midline to expose the larynx using forceps and dissec....

Results

The representative results were part of an ongoing investigation of the effects of vocal exercise on the laryngeal neuromuscular system. Twenty-nine male Fischer 344/brown Norway rats (12 9-month-old, 17 24-month-old) were weighed and euthanized with CO₂ inhalation followed by a bilateral thoracotomy.

The procedures followed the outlined protocol to label NMJs and fiber size of the lateral and medial TA muscles. The distance between laryngeal landmarks was tracked in both longitudin.......

Discussion

Preparing rat vocal folds for neuromuscular analysis can present with various challenges. Not only are laryngeal muscles small and surrounded by cartilage, thereby making it difficult to directly extract target muscle, high variability was also found between animals in the depth of laryngeal anatomical landmarks. For muscle the cross-section plane protocol, complete vocal fold sections appeared between 21−85 sections (10 µm per section) after the initial appearance of the ventral thyroid cartilage, which is qu.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
2-Methylbutane Certified	Fisher Chemical	35514
Aluminum Foil	Fisherbrand	1213101
Cryo Tongs SS	Thermo Scientific	11679123
Cryostat	Leica Biosystems	CM3050
Cryostat blades	C.L. Sturkey D554X50	22-210-045
Disposable Base Molds 15mm x 15mm	Thermo Scientific	41-741
Disposable Underpads	Medline	23-666-062
Dissection kit	Thermo Scientific	9996969
DPBS - Dulbecco's Phosphate-Buffered Saline	Gibco	14190136
Frozen Section Medium	Fisher Healthcare	23-730-571
Ice Bucket	Bel-Art	11999054
Immunostain Moisture Chamber	Ted Pella Inc	NC9425474
Needle holders	Assi	ASSI.B148
Non-Woven Sponges, 4 Ply	Quick Medical	9023
Orbital shaker	Troemner	02-217-987
Pap pen
Paraformaldehyde, 16% w/v aq. soln., methanol free	Alfa Aesar	50-00-0
Premium Microcentrifuge Tubes	Fisherbrand	5408129
Specimen Storage Bags	Fisherbrand	19240093
Stainless Steel Graduated Measure 32 oz/100 mL	Polar Ware	114231B
Superfrost Plus Microscope Slides	Fisherbrand	12-550-15
Task wiper	Kimberly-Clark Professional™ 34155	06666A
Timer	Fisherbrand	2261840
Vannas Pattern Scissors	Assi	ASSI.SAS15RV
NOTE: For all supplies, these are examples of equipment to purchase. The exact model is not necessary to complete our methods.