Bu çalışma, İspanyol Ministerio de educacion y Ciencia (BIO 2.006-11.792) ve Generalitat de Catalunya (2005-SGR00437) tarafından desteklenmiştir . Yazarlar medya hazırlanmasında Marc Puigcerver ve Jonatan Lucas kendi teknik yardım için teşekkür etmek istiyorum. Servei d&#39;Estabulari tüm personeli, hayvan barınağı için kabul ve özellikle bu video kayıt ek katkı Juan Jose Martin ve Javier Benito. NCB Ciencia e Tecnologia ve SG, Portekizce Fundação para İspanyolca Ministerio de educacion y Ciencia bir adam bir adam .

Hayvan bakım ve prosedürleri, Barselona, ​​İspanya Universitat Autonoma Hayvan ve İnsan Araştırma Etik Komitesi tarafından onaylanmış kurallar ve düzenlemelere göre yapılmıştır. I. Oosit toplama <ol><li> Altın Suriye suşu kalın bir vajinal akıntı (postovulatory akıntı) varlığı için; dişi hamster (8-12 hafta eski Mesocricetus auratus) kontrol edin ve seçin. </li><li> 60 saat sonra intraperitoneal (Gebe Kısrak Serum gonadotropin) hCG (insan koryonik gonadotropin) 40 IU 40 IU PMSG superovulate için seçilen kadın neden. </li><li> Karbon dioksit odası hCG uygulanmasından 16 saat sonra dişi hamster Euthanize. </li><li> Siyon hatası videoda gösterildiği gibi kadın izole etmek ve KSOM-H orta bir damla aktarabilirsiniz. </li><li> 37 hiyalüronidaz (156 U / ml), bir damla stereoskopik mikroskop altında yumurtalık ampulla yırtarak oosit-kümülüs kompleksleri toplayın ° C. Oosit kümülüs hücreleri yaklaşık 5 dakika içinde serbest olacak. </li><li> Hiyalüronidaz gelen oosit pick up ve KSOM-H orta ve iki kez yıkayın. </li></ol> Fare embriyo toplanması için, dişi farelerde (Mus musculus; 6-8 hafta eski) daha sonra 5 IU hCG 48 saat takip ve erkek fareler ile evlendirilen PMSG 5 IU intraperitoneal superovulate indüklenen. Dişiler 24-26 servikal dislokasyon ile sakrifiye pronükleer, 2-hücre veya 4-hücreli aşamada embriyoların sırasıyla obtention hCG uygulandıktan sonra 44-46 veya 54-56 saat. Pronükleer embriyoların toplanması tam bir hamster oosit açıklandığı gibi yapılır. 2-hücre ve 4-hücreli aşamada Embriyolar KSOM-H orta [6] siyon hatası kızarma toplanır. Not: Bu protokol sonrasında yaklaşık olarak 20 ila 30 oosit / embriyoların her kadın alınacak . II. Dondurma ve çözme çözümler hazırlanması <ol><li> Propilenglycol KSOM-H (propilenglycol 1.5 M) 5 ml, 0.57 ml seyreltilmesiyle çözüm hazırlayın. </li><li> 0,2052 g sakkaroz (sakkaroz 0.3 M) ile bir tüp KSOM-H 2 ml ekleyerek çözülme çözüm hazırlayın. </li><li> 0,0684 g sakaroz (1.5 propilenglycol M ve 0.1 M sakkaroz) ile bir tüp çözümü ben 2 ml ekleyerek donma çözüm hazırlayın. </li></ol> Not: Çözüm I ve çözümler dondurma ve çözme sadece kendi kullanmadan önce hazır olmalıdır. Ancak, donma ve çözülme çözümler hazırlanması için kullanılacak sakaroz belirtilen miktarlarda avans ağırlıklı ve birkaç ay için 3 ml tüpler oda sıcaklığında muhafaza edilebilir. III. Donma protokol <ol><li> Transfer oosit / KSOM-H orta çözümü ben bir damla ve 7-15 dakika oda sıcaklığında inkübe embriyolar. </li><li> Bu arada, 90 video (1 damla her çözüm / saman) görüldüğü gibi, dondurma ve çözme çözümler ul damla koyarak payet yüklemek için 90 mm petri hazırlar. </li><li> İstenilen sayıda oosit / embriyo dondurma çözüm damla aktarın. Not: Biz genellikle 5 ila 30 oosit veya embriyo / bırak arasında transfer. </li><li> Ağız kontrollü aspirasyon sistemi bir saman takın ve bu sırada aşağıdaki yükü: çözümü, hava, oosit, hava, çözülme damla, hava ile dondurma bırak. </li><li> Saman yüklendikten sonra, saman ve mühürler Bu amaçla en sonunda polimer ulaşan ilk damla (çözüm) tanıtıldı kadar aspire tutun. Termo-plastik bir fiş ile saman veya mühür mühür diğer ucunu. </li><li> Programlanabilir dondurucu açın ve donma programı seçin. Bu protokolde kullanılan dondurma programı, Lassalle ve arkadaşları tarafından yayınlanan soğutma hızları dayanır. [7]: <ul><li> -7 Oda sıcaklığında 2 ° C / dak ° C 0 ° C / dk 10 dk tohum sıcaklık dengeleme ve indüksiyon için izin (aşağıya bakın) </li><li> -7 &#39;Den 0,3 ° C / dak ° C ila -30 ° C 0 ° C / dk 2 dk sıcaklık dengelenmesi için izin </li><li> 35 ° C / dak -30 ° C -130 ° C </li></ul></li><li> Çözülme çözüm damla ile saman parçası dışa karşı karşıya olduğunu emin olun, programlanabilir dondurucu sahibinin yuvaları payet yükleyin. Donma programını başlatın. </li><li> Örnek sıcaklığı -7 ° C ve soğutma beklemeye ulaştığında, elle tohumlama gerçekleştirin: sıvı azot içine atılmak forseps, hemen çözüm çözülme damla içeren payet bölümünü ortaya çıkarmak için, hafifçe dışarı dondurucu sahiplerine doğru çekin ve forseps ile payet bu dokunun. Sahibinin her tutucu ve her saman için tekrarlayın ve sonra donma program sonuna kadar işletilen sağlar. </li><li> Program tamamlandığında, sıvı nitrojen içinde sahiplerine dalıyoruz. </li><li> Payet Kaldıretiketli gobelet sahipleri ve aktarabilirsiniz. </li><li> Son olarak, bir sıvı nitrojen tankı içinde gobelet saklayın. </li></ol> IV. Protokol Çözülme <ol><li> Sıvı nitrojen tankı saman çıkarın. </li><li> 40 saniye boyunca oda sıcaklığında saman koruyun. </li><li> 40 saniye boyunca 30 ° C&#39;de su banyosunda saman bekletin. </li><li> Saman fişi çıkarın veya termo-mühürlü ucu kesmek. </li><li> 35 mm petri saman boşaltın ve hafifçe donma ve çözülme çözümler içeren iki damla karıştırın. </li><li> Oda sıcaklığında 15 dakika boyunca karışımı oosit / embriyoların bırakın. </li><li> 37 KSOM-H taze bir damla ilave bir 15 dakika için oosit / embriyo transferine ° C </li><li> Oosit / embriyoların şimdi manipülasyon için hazır. </li></ol> Not: 6. ve 7. adımları sırasında çözülmüş oosit / embriyoların yavaş rehidrasyon için nedeniyle şişer göreceksiniz. V. Temsilcisi Sonuçlar Kriyoprezervasyon protokol burada bir hamster oosit için yaklaşık% 95 ve&gt;% 90,% 85 ve fare B6CBAF1 embriyolar pronükleer, 2-hücre ve 4-hücreli aşamaları sırasıyla% 80, sağ kalım oranı sonuçlar bildirdi. Fare embriyoları çözme sonrası KSOM in vitro kültür, en az 70 ila% 80, en iyi kültür koşullarında blastosist aşamasına ulaşması gerekir. (Saman) ve oosit / embriyo dondurma her deneyde bir kontrol grubu yer almasını tavsiye ederiz oosit / embriyo geri kalanında daha fazla manipülasyonları için kullanılan önce bu grup Çözülme. Kontrol grubunda sağkalım oranları beklenenden daha düşük ise, aynı partinin diğerine saman Çözülme. Bu ikinci grup için sağkalım oranları da düşük ise, bu dondurma çok kalan payet atın.

<ol>
	<li>Whittingham, D. G., Leibo, S. P., Mazur, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Survival+of+mouse+embryos+frozen+to+-196+and+-269+&#176;C.">Survival of mouse embryos frozen to -196 and -269 &#176;C.</a> Science. 178, 411-414 (1972).</li><li>Wilmut, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+cooling+rate,+warming+rate,+cryoprotective+agent+and+stage+of+development+on+survival+of+mouse+embryos+during+freezing+and+thawing.">The effect of cooling rate, warming rate, cryoprotective agent and stage of development on survival of mouse embryos during freezing and thawing.</a> Life Sci. 11, 1071-1079 (1972).</li><li>Parkening, T. A., Tsunoda, Y., Chang, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+various+low+temperatures,+cryoprotective+agents+and+cooling+rates+on+the+survival,+fertilizability+and+development+of+frozen-thawed+mouse+eggs.">Effects of various low temperatures, cryoprotective agents and cooling rates on the survival, fertilizability and development of frozen-thawed mouse eggs.</a> J. Exp. Zool. 197, 369-374 (1976).</li><li>Schneider, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cryobiological+principles+of+embryo+freezing.">Cryobiological principles of embryo freezing.</a> J. In Vitro Fert. Embryo Transf. 3, 3-9 (1986).</li><li>Vajta, G., Kuwayama, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improving+cryopreservation+systems.">Improving cryopreservation systems.</a> Theriogenology. 65, 236-244 (2006).</li><li>Duselis, A. R., Vrana, P. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retrieval+of+mouse+oocytes.">Retrieval of mouse oocytes.</a> JoVE. 3, (2007).</li><li>Lassalle, B., Testart, J., Renard, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+embryo+features+that+influence+the+success+of+cryopreservation+with+the+use+of+1,2+propanediol.">Human embryo features that influence the success of cryopreservation with the use of 1,2 propanediol.</a> Fertil. Steril. 44, 645-651 (1985).</li><li>Ib&#225;&#241;ez, E., Grossmann, M., Vidal, F., Egozcue, J., Santal&#243;, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cryopreservation+of+caprine+beta-lactoglobulin+transgenic+mouse+embryos.">Cryopreservation of caprine beta-lactoglobulin transgenic mouse embryos.</a> Cryobiology. 35, 290-298 (1997).</li><li>Dinnyes, A., Wallace, G. A., Rall, W. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+genotype+on+the+efficiency+of+mouse+embryo+cryopreservation+by+vitrification+or+slow+freezing.">Effect of genotype on the efficiency of mouse embryo cryopreservation by vitrification or slow freezing.</a> Mol. Reprod. Dev. 40, 429-435 (1995).</li><li>Tateno, H., Kamiguchi, Y., Mikamo, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+freezing+and+thawing+method+of+hamster+oocytes+designed+for+both+the+penetration+test+and+chromosome+assay+of+human+spermatozoa.">A freezing and thawing method of hamster oocytes designed for both the penetration test and chromosome assay of human spermatozoa.</a> Mol. Reprod. Dev. 33, 202-209 (1992).</li><li>Biggers, J., McGuinnis, L. K., Raffin, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amino+acids+and+preimplantation+development+of+the+mouse+in+the+protein-free+KSOM.">Amino acids and preimplantation development of the mouse in the protein-free KSOM.</a> Biol. Reprod. 63, 281-293 (2000).</li></ol>

Bu protokol, bir hamster oosit ve fare embriyoları ile başarıyla Kriyoprezerve olabilir. Bir kez dondurulmuş, oosit / embriyoların sıvı nitrojen tanklarında süresiz saklanır ve istenilen herhangi bir yerde veya zamanda telafi edilebilir. Bu ihtiyaç duyulduğunda kullanmak örneklerin neredeyse hazır sahip olmanın avantajını sunar. Öte yandan, bu protokol de, canlı hayvan kolonileri bakımı, ekonomik ve güvenli bir alternatif olarak değerli fare suşları (transgenik hatları gibi), embriyo cryobanks oluşturmak için kul...

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		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>French type mini-straw 0.25 ml</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Mini-tub</td>
<td>13407/0010</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>hCG</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Farma-Lepori, Spain</td>
<td>749036.4</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Hyaluronidase</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>H-3884</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>KSOM-H medium</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Ref. [11]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Liquid Nitrogen </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Air Liquide</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Plastic plugs</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Mini-tub</td>
<td>19046</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>PMSG</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Intervet, Spain</td>
<td>1.614/8447</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Propilenglycol</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fluka</td>
<td>82280</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Sucrose</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Merck</td>
<td>107687</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Surgical Scissors</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Aesculap</td>
<td>BC-060R; BG-061R</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Thermo-sealer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>SIZ</td>
<td>220</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>35 and 90 mm culture dishes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Nunc</td>
<td>153066; 150350</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>10 ml tubes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Greiner Bio-one</td>
<td>163160</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Nitrogen tank</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>MVE, Cryogenics</td>
<td>XC 43/28</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Programmable Freezer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Planner Products Ltd.</td>
<td>Kryo-10 Series III</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Forceps</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Aesculap</td>
<td>BD-331R; BD-053R; OC-020R</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

collection and cryopreservation of hamster oocytes and mouse embryos

Zaman Whittingham Embriyolar ve oositlerin ilk başarıyla, 30 yıldan daha uzun önce Kriyoprezerve edildi<i&gt; Ve ark.</i&gt;<sup&gt; 1</sup&gt; Ve Wilmut<sup&gt; 2</sup&gt; Ayrı Parkening fare embriyoları ° C ve birkaç yıl sonra -196 dondurulur ve saklanır olabilir tanımlanmıştır<i&gt; Ve ark.</i&gt;.<sup&gt; 3</sup&gt; Kriyoprezerve oositlerin in vitro fertilizasyon (IVF) kaynaklanan canlı yavrular doğum bildirdi. O zamandan beri, kriyoprezervasyon teknikleri kullanımı, insan ve hayvan üremeye yardımcı uygulama ve hayvan genetik kaynaklarının korunması konusunda önemli bir bileşeni haline hızla yayıldı. Yavaş dondurma ve vitrifikasyon: Şu anda, oosit ve embriyoların cryopreserve için kullanılan iki ana yöntem vardır. Kriyoprezerve embriyolar, hayvan ve binlerce çocuk her iki tekniğin ve milyonlarca artırmak için çok çeşitli yaklaşımlar denemek için kullanılmıştır doğmuştur. Ancak, dondurulması ile ilişkili önemli eksikliklerin hala buz kristali oluşumu, çözüm etkileri ve ozmotik şok sonrası çözülmüş oosit ve embriyolarda çeşitli cryoinjuries neden olacak gibi görünüyor bu yana, aşılabilir. Programlanabilir dondurucular Yavaş dondurma genellikle kimyasal toksisite ve ozmotik şok ile ilişkilidir cryoprotectants, düşük konsantrasyonlarda kullanılarak avantajı vardır, ama düşük konsantrasyonlarda buz kristali oluşumunu önlemek için yeteneği sınırlıdır. Yavaş dondurma, ayrıca manuel veya otomatik tohumlama kullanarak kaçınılmalıdır soğuma etkileri indükler<sup&gt; 4</sup&gt;. Vitrifikasyon süreçte, yüksek konsantrasyonlarda cryoprotectants buz kristallerinin oluşumunu engeller ve su katılaşmış olduğu bir glasslike vitrifiye devlet oluşumuna yol, ancak genişletilmiş değil. Ancak, kullanılan konsantrasyonlarda cyroprotectants toksisite nedeniyle oosit / embriyoları sıvı nitrojen içinde doğrudan örnekleri daldırarak önce, zaman çok kısa sürede ve en az bir ses çözümü dölveriminin çözüm maruz bırakılmamalıdır.<sup&gt; 5</sup&gt;. Pahalı ekipman (programlanabilir dondurucu) gerekli olduğu çok hızlı bir yöntem olması nedeniyle son on yıl içinde, vitrifikasyon daha popüler hale gelmiştir. Ancak, yavaş dondurma oosit / embriyo dondurulması için en yaygın kullanılan yöntem olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu video-makale-çözülme sonrası sağkalım oranları yüksek bir hamster oosit toplamak ve yavaş yavaş dondurma nasıl adım adım göstermektedir. Aynı işlem, başarılı bir şekilde dondurma ve preimplantasyon gelişimi farklı aşamalarında fare embriyoları Çözülme uygulanabilir.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Collection and Cryopreservation of Hamster Oocytes and Mouse Embryos at JoVE.com

Collection and Cryopreservation of Hamster Oocytes and Mouse Embryos

Bu video-makale-çözülme sonrası sağkalım oranları yüksek bir hamster oosit toplamak ve cryopreserve nasıl bir adım-adım gösteri sunuyoruz. Aynı işlem, başarılı bir şekilde dondurma ve preimplantasyon gelişimi farklı aşamalarında fare embriyoları Çözülme uygulanabilir.

Hamster Oosit ve Fare Embriyolar Toplama ve Kriyoprezervasyon

Embryos and oocytes were first successfully cryopreserved more than 30 years ago, when Whittingham et al. 1 and Wilmut 2 separately described that mouse ...

collection-and-cryopreservation-of-hamster-oocytes-and-mouse-embryos

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

16.8K Görüntüleme.  Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. Bu video-makale-çözülme sonrası sağkalım oranları yüksek bir hamster oosit toplamak ve cryopreserve nasıl bir adım-adım gösteri sunuyoruz. Aynı işlem, başarılı bir şekilde dondurma ve preimplantasyon gelişimi farklı aşamalarında fare embriyoları Çözülme uygulanabilir.

Video: Collection and Cryopreservation of Hamster Oocytes and Mouse Embryos

Nuclear Transfer into Mouse Oocytes

Nuclear transfer into an unfertilized oocyte can restore developmental potential to a differentiated cell. This demonstrates that the processes underlying development, differentiation and aging are epigenetic rather than genetic processes. The reversibility of these processes opens exciting perspectives in basic research, and in the more distant future, in regenerative medicine. In the mouse, embryonic stem cells can be derived from cloned preimplantation stage embryos. Such embryonic stem cells have the ability to give rise to all cell types of the adult organism. Importantly, these cells are genetically identical to the donor. If applicable to human, this would allow the derivation of stem cells from a patient. These cells could then be differentiated into the affected cell type of the patient and studied in vitro, or used to replace the damaged or missing cells. The study of nuclear transfer in the mouse remains important as it can inform us about the principles of nuclear reprogramming. This movie and the accompanying protocol are intended to help learning nuclear transfer in the mouse, a method initially developed in the group of Prof. Yanagimachi (WAKAYAMA et al. 1998).

This movie and the protocol are intended to help learning nuclear transfer.

Fare Oosit içine Nükleer Transfer

Nuclear transfer into an unfertilized oocyte can restore developmental potential to a differentiated cell. This demonstrates that the processes underlying ...

Biyoloji

Dissection of 6.5 dpc Mouse Embryos

Analysis of gene expression patterns during early stages of mammalian embryonic development can provide important clues about gene function, cell-cell interaction and signaling mechanisms that guide embryonic patterning. However, dissection of the mouse embryo from the decidua shortly after implantation can be a challenging procedure, and detailed step-by-step documentation of this process is lacking.

Here we demonstrate how post-implantation (6.5 dpc) embryos are isolated by first dissecting the uterus of a pregnant mouse (detection of the vaginal plug was designated day 0.5 poist coitum) and subsequently dissecting the embryo from maternal decidua. The dissection of Reichert's membrane is described as well as the removal of the ectoplacental cone.

Isolation of postimplantation-stage embryos allows one to study gene patterning and analyze cell-lineage decision making processes during embryonic development, but proper dissection of the early embryo can be challenging. This protocol describes a method for isolating early primitive-streak-stage embryos (~6.5 days post coitum [dpc]).

6.5 DPC Fare Embriyolar diseksiyonu

Analysis of gene expression patterns during early stages of mammalian embryonic development can provide important clues about gene function, cell-cell ...

Retrieval of Mouse Oocytes

To date, only a few studies have reported successful manipulations of Peromyscus embryogenesis or reproductive biology.  Together with the Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center (http://stkctr.biol.sc.edu), we are characterizing the salient differences needed to develop this system.  A primary goal has been to optimize oocyte/early embryo retrieval.

This protocol illustrates the technique for extracting oocytes or early-stage fertilized embryos from the oviduct of mice. The ability to identify the infindibulum and insert a blunt end needle into it is essential to correctly performing the procedure.

Fare Oosit alımı

To date, only a few studies have reported successful manipulations of Peromyscus embryogenesis or reproductive biology.  Together with the Peromyscus ...

In Utero Intraventricular Injection and Electroporation of E15 Mouse Embryos

In-utero in-vivo injection and electroporation of the embryonic mouse neocortex provides a powerful tool for the manipulation of individual progenitors lining the walls of the lateral ventricle. This technique is now widely used to study the processes involved in corticogenesis by over-expressing or knocking down genes and observing the effects on cellular proliferation, migration, and differentiation. In comparison to traditional knockout strategies, in-utero electroporation provides a rapid means to manipulate a population of cells during a specific temporal window. In this video protocol we outline the experimental methodology for preparing mice for surgery, exposing the uterine horns through laporatomy, injecting DNA into the lateral ventricles of the developing embryo, electroporating DNA into the progenitors lining the lateral wall, and caring for animals post-surgery. Our laboratory uses this protocol for surgeries on E13-E16 mice, however, it is most commonly performed at E15, as shown in this video. 

E15 Fare Embriyolar Utero İntraventriküler Enjeksiyon ve Elektroporasyon

In-utero in-vivo injection and electroporation of the embryonic mouse neocortex provides a powerful tool for the manipulation of individual progenitors ...

In vivo Imaging and Therapeutic Treatments in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Ovarian Cancer

Human cancer and response to therapy is better represented in orthotopic animal models. This paper describes the development of an orthotopic mouse model of ovarian cancer, treatment of cancer via oral delivery of drugs, and monitoring of tumor cell behavior in response to drug treatment in real time using in vivo imaging system. In this orthotopic model, ovarian tumor cells expressing luciferase are applied topically by injecting them directly into the mouse bursa where each ovary is enclosed. Upon injection of D-luciferin, a substrate of firefly luciferase, luciferase-expressing cells generate bioluminescence signals. This signal is detected by the in vivo imaging system and allows for a non-invasive means of monitoring tumor growth, distribution, and regression in individual animals. Drug administration via oral gavage allows for a maximum dosing volume of 10 mL/kg body weight to be delivered directly to the stomach and closely resembles delivery of drugs in clinical treatments. Therefore, techniques described here, development of an orthotopic mouse model of ovarian cancer, oral delivery of drugs, and in vivo imaging, are useful for better understanding of human ovarian cancer and treatment and will improve targeting this disease.

In vivo Imaging and Therapeutic Treatments in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Ovarian Cancer

Orthotopic animal models of ovarian cancer replicate better human disease and therefore enhance our understanding of cancer progression and tumor response to therapy. A mouse model receives an intrabursal injection of luciferase-expressing ovarian tumor cells. Treatment is administered via oral gavage. Tumor growth is monitored by in vivo imaging system.

In vivo Görüntüleme ve Yumurtalık Kanseri Ortotopik Fare Modeli Tedavi Tedaviler

Human cancer and response to therapy is better represented in orthotopic animal models.  This paper describes the development of an orthotopic mouse model ...

Cryopreservation of Preimplantation Embryos of Cattle, Sheep, and Goats

Preimplantation embryos from cattle, sheep, and goats may be cryopreserved for short- or long-term storage. Preimplantation embryos consist predominantly of water, and the avoidance of intracellular ice crystal formation during the cryopreservation process is of paramount importance to maintain embryo viability. Embryos are placed into a hypertonic solution (1.4 &#x2013; 1.5 M) of a cryoprotective agent (CPA) such as ethylene glycol (EG) or glycerol (GLYC) to create an osmotic gradient that facilitates cellular dehydration. After embryos reach osmotic equilibrium in the CPA solution, they are individually loaded in the hypertonic CPA solution into 0.25 ml plastic straws for freezing. Embryos are placed into a controlled rate freezer at a temperature of -6&deg;C. Ice crystal formation is induced in the CPA solution surrounding the embryo, and crystallization causes an increase in the concentration of CPA outside of the embryo, causing further cellular dehydration. Embryos are cooled at a rate of 0.5&deg;C/min, enabling further dehydration, to a temperature of -34&deg;C before being plunged into liquid nitrogen (-196&deg;C). Cryopreserved embryos must be thawed prior to transfer to a recipient (surrogate) female. Straws containing the embryos are removed from the liquid nitrogen dewar, held in room temperature air for 3 to 5 sec, and placed into a 37&deg;C water bath for 25 to 30 sec. Embryos cryopreserved in GLYC are placed into a 1 M solution of sucrose for 10 min for removal of the CPA before transfer to a recipient (surrogate) female. Embryos cryopreserved in EG, however, may be directly transferred to the uterus of a recipient.

Preimplantation embryos may be cryopreserved after placement into a hypertonic cryoprotective solution to cause cellular dehydration. After equilibration, ice crystal formation is induced in the solution surrounding the embryo. Further dehydration occurs as the embryo is slowly cooled to subzero temperatures before plunging into liquid nitrogen for storage.

Preimplantasyon Sığır Embriyolar, Koyun ve Keçi, Kriyoprezervasyon

Preimplantation embryos from cattle, sheep, and goats may be cryopreserved for short- or long-term storage.  Preimplantation embryos consist predominantly ...

Cryopreservation of Mouse Embryos by Ethylene Glycol-Based Vitrification

Cryopreservation of mouse embryos is a technological basis that supports biomedical sciences, because many strains of mice have been produced by genetic modifications and the number is consistently increasing year by year. Its technical development started with slow freezing methods in the 1970s1, then followed by vitrification methods developed in the late 1980s2. Generally, the latter technique is advantageous in its quickness, simplicity, and high survivability of recovered embryos. However, the cryoprotectants contained are highly toxic and may affect subsequent embryo development. Therefore, the technique was not applicable to certain strains of mice, even when the solutions are cooled to 4&deg;C to mitigate the toxic effect during embryo handling. At the RIKEN BioResource Center, more than 5000 mouse strains with different genetic backgrounds and phenotypes are maintained3, and therefore we have optimized a vitrification technique with which we can cryopreserve embryos from many different strains of mice, with the benefits of high embryo survival after vitrifying and thawing (or liquefying, more precisely) at the ambient temperature4.
Here, we present a vitrification method for mouse embryos that has been successfully used at our center. The cryopreservation solution contains ethylene glycol instead of DMSO to minimize the toxicity to embryos5. It also contains Ficoll and sucrose for prevention of devitrification and osmotic adjustment, respectively. Embryos can be handled at room temperature and transferred into liquid nitrogen within 5 min. Because the original method was optimized for plastic straws as containers, we have slightly modified the protocol for cryotubes, which are more easily accessible in laboratories and more resistant to physical damages. We also describe the procedure of thawing vitrified embryos in detail because it is a critical step for efficient recovery of live mice. These methodologies would be helpful to researchers and technicians who need preservation of mouse strains for later use in a safe and cost-effective manner.

An ethylene glycol-based vitrification method for mouse embryos is described. It is advantageous to other methods in its simplicity and low embryonic toxicity, and therefore can be broadly applicable to many strains of mice, including inbred and gene-modified mice.

Etilen Glikol Tabanlı Vitrifikasyon Fare Embriyolar Kriyoprezervasyon

Cryopreservation of mouse embryos is a technological basis that supports biomedical sciences, because many strains of mice have been produced by genetic ...

Mouse Sperm Cryopreservation and Recovery using the I&middot;Cryo Kit

Thousands of new genetically modified (GM) strains of mice have been created since the advent of transgenesis and knockout technologies. Many of these valuable animals exist only as live animals, with no backup plan in case of emergency. Cryopreservation of embryos can provide this backup, but is costly, can be a lengthy procedure, and generally requires a large number of animals for success. Since the discovery that mouse sperm can be successfully cryopreserved with a basic cryoprotective agent (CPA) consisting of 18&#37; raffinose and 3&#37; skim milk, sperm cryopreservation has become an acceptable and cost-effective procedure for archiving, distributing and recovery of these valuable strains.
 Here we demonstrate a newly developed I&bull;Cryo kit for mouse sperm cryopreservation. Sperm from five commonly-used strains of inbred mice were frozen using this kit and then recovered. Higher protection ratios of sperm motility (&gt; 60&#37;) and rapid progressive motility (&gt; 45&#37;) compared to the control (basic CPA) were seen for sperm frozen with this kit in 5 inbred mouse strains. Two cell stage embryo development after IVF with the recovered sperm was improved consistently in all 5 mouse strains examined. Over a 1.5 year period, 49 GM mouse lines were archived by sperm cryopreservation with the I&bull;Cryo kit and later recovered by IVF.

Mouse Sperm Cryopreservation and Recovery using the I&amp;middot;Cryo Kit

Here we demonstrate the newly developed I&#x2022;Cryo kit for mouse sperm cryopreservation. Two-cell stage embryo development with frozen-thawed sperm was improved consistently in 5 mouse strains with the use of this kit. Over a 1.5 year period, 49 genetically modified mouse lines were archived by sperm cryopreservation with the I&#x2022;Cryo kit and later successfully recovered by IVF.

I · Cryo Kit kullanarak Fare Sperm Kriyoprezervasyon ve Kurtarma

Thousands of new genetically modified (GM) strains of mice have been created since the advent of transgenesis and knockout technologies.  Many of these ...

Meiotic Spindle Assessment in Mouse Oocytes by siRNA-mediated Silencing

Errors in chromosome segregation during meiotic division in gametes can lead to aneuploidy that is subsequently transmitted to the embryo upon fertilization. The resulting aneuploidy in developing embryos is recognized as a major cause of pregnancy loss and congenital birth defects such as Down&#8217;s syndrome. Accurate chromosome segregation is critically dependent on the formation of the microtubule spindle apparatus, yet this process remains poorly understood in mammalian oocytes. Intriguingly, meiotic spindle assembly differs from mitosis and is regulated, at least in part, by unique microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs). Assessment of MTOC-associated proteins can provide valuable insight into the regulatory mechanisms that govern meiotic spindle formation and organization. Here, we describe methods to isolate mouse oocytes and deplete MTOC-associated proteins using a siRNA-mediated approach to test function. In addition, we describe oocyte fixation and immunofluorescence analysis conditions to evaluate meiotic spindle formation and organization.

Here, we present a protocol for specific siRNA-mediated mRNA depletion followed by immunofluorescence analysis to evaluate meiotic spindle assembly and organization in mouse oocytes. This protocol is suitable for in vitro depletion of transcripts and functional assessment of different spindle and/or MTOC-associated factors in oocytes.

SiRNA aracılı susturma Mouse Oositlerinin içinde mayoz Mili Değerlendirmesi

Errors in chromosome segregation during meiotic division in gametes can lead to aneuploidy that is subsequently transmitted to the embryo upon ...

Single Cell Collection of Trophoblast Cells in Peri-implantation Stage Human Embryos

Human implantation, the apposition and adhesion to the uterine surface epithelia and subsequent invasion of the blastocyst into the maternal decidua, is a critical yet enigmatic biological event that has been historically difficult to study due to technical and ethical limitations. Implantation is initiated by the development of the trophectoderm to early trophoblast and subsequent differentiation into distinct trophoblast sublineages. Aberrant early trophoblast differentiation may lead to implantation failure, placental pathologies, fetal abnormalities, and miscarriage. Recently, methods have been developed to allow human embryos to grow until day 13 post-fertilization in vitro in the absence of maternal tissues, a time-period that encompasses the implantation period in humans. This has given researchers the opportunity to investigate human implantation and recapitulate the dynamics of trophoblast differentiation during this critical period without confounding maternal influences and avoiding inherent obstacles to study early embryo differentiation events in vivo. To characterize different trophoblast sublineages during implantation, we have adopted existing two-dimensional (2D) extended culture methods and developed a procedure to enzymatically digest and isolate different types of trophoblast cells for downstream assays. Embryos cultured in 2D conditions have a relatively flattened morphology and may be suboptimal in modeling in vivo three-dimensional (3D) embryonic architectures. However, trophoblast differentiation seems to be less affected as demonstrated by anticipated morphology and gene expression changes over the course of extended culture. Different trophoblast sublineages, including cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast and migratory trophoblast can be separated by size, location, and temporal emergence, and used for further characterization or experimentation. Investigation of these early trophoblast cells may be instrumental in understanding human implantation, treating common placental pathologies, and mitigating the incidence of pregnancy loss.

Here, we describe a method for warming vitrified human blastocysts, culturing them through the implantation period in vitro, digesting them into single cells and collecting early trophoblast cells for further investigation.

Peri-implantasyon Aşamasında Trophoblast Hücrelerinin Tek Hücre Li Hücre Koleksiyonu İnsan Embriyoları

Human implantation, the apposition and adhesion to the uterine surface epithelia and subsequent invasion of the blastocyst into the maternal decidua, is a ...