We thank Mr. Hajime Ichijo for video recording and helpful advice concerning editing the video. We also thank the Osumi lab members for animal care. This work is supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Area, Neural Diversity and Neocortical Organization, from MEXT of Japan (to N. O.). T. K. was supported by a Research Fellowship of JSPS for Young Scientists.

NOT: Hayvan deneyleri Laboratuar Hayvanlarının Bakımı ve Kullanımı için Sağlık Rehberi, National Institutes göre yapılmıştır. Tıp Tohoku Üniversitesi Hayvan Deneyleri için Komite, burada açıklanan deneysel prosedürleri onayladı. 1.. Anestezi ve laparotomi <ol style="margin-left: 40px;"><li> Kan toplama için, spesifik patojensiz, erkek Sprague-Dawley fareleri kullanır. Su sağlarken, en az 18 saat boyunca fareler Hızlı. Kan toplamak için yaş (550-650 gr) 6-8 ayda emekli erkek damızlık sıçanlar kullanın. </li><li> 10 dakika boyunca 2.0-3.5 L / dk &#39;da anestezi tanıtmak için bir anestezi cihazına bağlanmış bir kutuya, bir anestezik% 2,5-4,0 olan izofluran, akış. Anestezi tanıtmak için kutunun içine sıçan aktarın. <ol><li> Forseps ile pençelerinde uyarılmasına tepki kaybı için kontrol ederek anesthetization onaylayın. Sıçanlar wi burun Kapakderinden kan toplama sırasında fareler uyutmak için bir anestezi cihazına bağlanmış bir maske inci. Konsantrasyon ve akış sırasıyla% 2.5-4.0 &#39;de muhafaza ve 2.0-3.5 L / dakika edilir. NOT: Bu embriyolar reaktif sergi 22 izofluran ile anestezi sıçanlardan elde edilen serum içinde kültüre embriyolara kıyasla embriyo gelişiminde önemli bir gecikme ile anestezi altına alınan sıçanlarda toplanan serum içinde kültürlendi için Halothane inhalasyon anestezisi için kullanılmamalıdır. </li></ol></li><li> Kürk kirlenmesini önlemek için, anestezi sıçan karın üzerine% 70 etanol dökerek cildi dezenfekte. Forseps bir çift ile alt bölgede dezenfekte deri ve karın duvarı Pick up ve iç organların maruz büyük bir makas ile toraks bölgeye yönelik eş zamanlı olarak bu katmanları kesti. Forseps bir çift ile karın boşluğu dışında gut yansıtacak. </li><li> Bir ile arka bacaklarda doğru cilt ve karın duvarı kestibüyük makas çifti daha posterior karın bölgesini açığa çıkarmak. Forseps bir çift ile karın boşluğu dışında ekstra yağ yansıtacak. </li><li> Forseps iki çift kullanarak orta hatta viseral yağ Pick up ve abdominal aorta maruz paralel bir yönde dikkatlice yağ bölünmüş. Kolayca abdominal aortun çatallanma belirlemek için uzunlamasına bir doğrultuda visseral yağ bölmek için bu prosedürü yineleyin. Buna ek olarak, aort pulsatil ve bu özelliği ile bitişik vena kava ayırt edilebilir. </li><li> Forseps iki çift ile dikkatlice abdominal aorta etrafında yağ ve çatallanma Pick up ve abdominal aort yağ ayrı. </li></ol> 2.. Kan Toplama <ol style="margin-left: 40px;"><li> Dikkatli bir şekilde aşağı doğru bir yönde konik aort çatallanma, hemen kafatası bir 20 ml şırınga bağlı bir 21 G iğne ucu yerleştirin. Bir şırınga ile tutunel ve bir erkek sıçan kan 15 ml toplamak için yavaş yavaş şırınga çekin. </li><li> Şırıngadan iğne çıkarın ve iki buz soğukluğunda 10 ml steril test tüpleri (Şekil 1A) içine kan dökün. Santrifüj kan pıhtısı oluşmasını geciktirmek için kadar buz üzerinde tutun tüpler. Bir anda birkaç tüpler santrifüj ile santrifüj zamanı azaltın. </li><li> Torakotomi ve kalp ya da işten çıkarma keserek anestezi sıçan Euthanize. </li></ol> 3.. Rat Serum hazırlanması <ol style="margin-left: 40px;"><li> Üst ve alt tabakalar (Şekil 1C) içine kan ayırmak için 1200 x g ve oda sıcaklığında (RT), 5 dakika boyunca toplanan kan santrifüjleyin. </li><li> Fibrin pıhtısı düzeltmek için, 1.5-2 saat boyunca 4 ° C&#39;de tüpler tutun. </li><li> Kavisli bir forseps bir çift kullanarak üst tabakasında fibrin pıhtısı Pick up ve serum ayırmak için fibrin pıhtısı sıkmak. Sonra, do bakan kavisli bir forseps ile fibrin pıhtısı basıniki tabaka (Şekil 1D) arasındaki ara yakın wnwards. </li><li> Bundan başka, fibrin pıhtısı ayırmak için bir adım 3.3 tekrarlayın. </li><li> 1,200 xg ve oda sıcaklığında (Şekil 1 E) 5 dakika boyunca, test tüpleri santrifüjleyin. </li><li> Dikkatli bir laminar hava akışı kabini içinde bir steril pipet kullanılarak 15 ml steril tüp içine serum aktarın. </li><li> Kalan kırmızı hücreleri çıkarmak için 1200 x g&#39;da ve oda sıcaklığında 5 dakika boyunca toplanmış sıçan serum santrifüjleyin. </li><li> Tüpün (Şekil 1F) altındaki edilen kırmızı hücreleri tarafından kirlenmesini önlemek için steril bir pipet kullanarak steril bir tüp yeni bir 15 ml&#39;lik dikkatle serum havuzu. </li><li> Kompleman sistemi inaktive edilmesi, 30 dakika boyunca 56 ° C&#39;de bir su banyosu içinde inkübe serum. </li><li> Laminer hava akışı kabini içinde oda sıcaklığına kadar sıçan serum tüpleri soğutun. Serum ayrı steril tüplerde 10 ml aliquoted olmalıdır. Kullanım (Şekil 1 H) kadar -20 ° C&#39;de tüpler saklayın. </li></ol>

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No conflicts of interest are declared.

DEK deneylerde yeniden üretilebilir sonuçlar, yüksek kaliteli IC sıçan serumu ve doğru bir embriyo diseksiyon yönteminin 3 kullanımına bağlıdır. Açlık kan glukoz konsantrasyonları standardize etmek gerekli olduğundan kan toplama önce açlık süresini kısaltmak etmeyin. Hormon düzeyleri östrus döngüsü göre dişi hayvanlarda değiştirmek için dişi sıçanlar serum hazırlanması için kullanılmamalıdır, estradiol ve hormonlar gibi değişikliklerin embriyo kültürleri için uygun...

Hayvan modellerinde çeşitli moleküler ve hücresel düzeyde gelişim mekanizmaları incelemek için gelişim biyolojisi kullanılır. Örneğin, amfibi ve kuş türleri yaygın olarak bu embriyolar, annenin dışında geliştirmek için embriyo doğrudan manipülasyon için uygun olan klasik bir model hayvanları olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu hayvanların aksine, memeli embriyolar annenin rahmine büyür ve daha sonraki aşamalarda büyüme rahim fonksiyonu üzerinde en önemlisi bağlıdır. Bu nedenle, doğrudan bu tür erken aşamalarında, fare ve sıçandan gibi memeli embriyolar işlemek için, tipik olarak zordur. 1960 yılında, Denis Yeni bir sürekli oksijen kaynağı ve ısı kontrolü 1 ile WEC cihazları kullanarak bir memeli bütün embriyo kültürü (WEC) tekniği kurulmuştur. WEC, fare ve sıçan embriyolar ex vivo, (yani, rahim dışında) büyüyebilir. DEK teknik, çoğu zaman, çeşitli chemic eklenerek teratolojide kullanılmış olmasına rağmenal, kültür ortamı içine bileşikler bu teknik aynı zamanda, memelilerde 2-4 benzersiz gelişim mekanizmaları incelemek için çeşitli gelişim biyoloji çalışmalarda kullanılmıştır. Örneğin, DEK floresan boya 5, hücre nakli 6 ve 7 lipofeksiyon ve elektroporasyon 8-13 aracılığıyla gen giriş kullanarak, vahşi tip ve mutant embriyolar, hücre etiketleme gibi diğer tekniklerle ile birleştirilmiştir. Son zamanlarda, utero manipülasyon sonraki aşamalarda kemirgen embriyo gelişim süreçlerini analiz etmek için kullanılır olmuştur ve elektroporasyon teknikleri 14-16 ile kombine edilmiştir. Ancak, bu teknikler erken aşamalarında embriyolara DNA solüsyonu doğru lokal enjeksiyonu elde zorluklar nedeniyle ve implantasyon sonrası midgestation embriyoların manipülasyonu için uygun değildir. Her ne kadar erken embriyo (içine ultrason eşliğinde hücre transplantasyonu ve viral vektörlerin enjeksiyon yani, E8.5-E-9.5 fare) rahimde daha önce 17,18, mükemmel becerileri yüksek bir başarı oranı ile bu deneyleri gerçekleştirmek için gerekli olan rapor edilmiştir. Bu nedenle, yüksek erişilebilirlik ex vivo DEK fare ve sıçan embriyo manipülasyonu ile ilgili avantajlara sahiptir. Erkek sıçanlarda hazırlanabilir hemen santrifüje (IC) sıçan serum genellikle DEK ortamı için kullanılır. Embriyolar (sıçan, fare veya E10.0 E8.0 in daha önce, yani,) implantasyon sonrası aşamasında kültürlendiği zaman, sentetik orta ve IC sıçan serum oluşturduğu bir karışıma genellikle DEK 19 için bir araç olarak kullanılır. Hiçbir mevcut alternatif medya sağlar çünkü Ancak, orta-gebelikte kültür embriyoların (yani., E8.0-12.5 fare embriyoları veya sıçan embriyolarında E10.0-E14.5 in),% 100 serum aracı olarak kullanılması gerektiğini en fazla 2 gün boyunca in vitro olarak normal büyümeye embriyolar. Yüksek kaliteli sıçan serum hazırlanmasıdırWEC deneylerde röprodüsibilitesini ulaşmak için kritik bir adımdır. Gecikmeli santrifüj ile karşılaştırıldığında, IC kırmızı kan hücrelerinin çoğu zaten fibrin pıhtısı ayrılmış çünkü serum fibrin pıhtısı sıkarak ulaşılınca hemoliz azaltma avantajına sahiptir. Hemolitik sıçan serum sıçan ve fare embriyo normal gelişimini desteklemek için başarısız olarak, hemen santrifüj kullanılarak serumun hazırlanması gecikmeli santrifüj kullanılarak hazırlanması tercih edilir. Bizim protokol diğer protokollere göre iki ek adımları içerir 18-20 (yani. Önce ilk santrifüj için buz üzerinde toplanan kan depolama ve ilk santrifüjlemeden sonra, 4 ° C &#39;de 2 saat boyunca, toplanan kan örnekleri bakımı). Eski adım kan pıhtısı oluşmasını geciktirebilir ve ikinci adım kolay sıkma için fibrin pıhtısının katılaşma teşvik etmektedir. Bu nedenle, bizim protokol başlayanlar tarafından kullanılabilir. Ancak, üreyen, kan toplama ve serumsadece protokol kitaplara bakarak doğru ekstraksiyon 19-21 derece zordur. Bu ekran yazıda, erkek farelerde ve santrifüj ile serum ekstraksiyon abdominal aort kan koleksiyonu içerir uygun IC sıçan serumu, hazırlanması için, standart protokol göstermektedir.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Isoflurane</td><td>Abbott</td><td>B506</td><td>For rat anesthesia.</td></tr><tr><td>Large scissors</td><td>Napox</td><td>B-7H</td><td>Stelized scissors for cutting the skin and muscle of rats.&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Curved forceps</td><td>Napox</td><td>A-3-2</td><td>Stelized forceps for picking up the skin of rats and squeezing the fibrin clot.</td></tr><tr><td>Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat</td><td>Charles Rivers Laboratories</td><td></td><td>Retired male rats from colony in the lab or purchased retired male rats.</td></tr><tr><td>Syringe (20 ml)</td><td>TERUMO</td><td>SS-29ESZ</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Needle (21 G x 5/8&quot;)</td><td>TERUMO</td><td>NN-2116R</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterile test (spitz) tube (10 ml)</td><td>ASIAKIZAI</td><td>1101C000B-10</td><td>For collection of boold</td></tr><tr><td>Sterile disposable pipette</td><td>Eiken Chemical</td><td>CD2000 No.4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterilie disposable tube (15 ml)&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Falcon</td><td>2196</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

preparation of rat serum suitable for mammalian whole embryo culture

Mammalian whole embryo culture (WEC) is a widely used technique for examining pharmacological toxicity in developing mouse and rat embryos and for investigating the mechanisms of developmental processes. Immediately centrifuged (IC) rat serum is commonly used for WEC and is essential for the growth and development of cultured mouse and rat embryos ex vivo. For the culture of midgestation embryos (i.e., E8.0-12.5 for the mouse, and E10.0-14.5 for the rat), 100% rat serum is the best media for supporting the growth of the embryo ex vivo. To prepare rat serum suitable for WEC, the collected blood should be centrifuged immediately to separate the blood cells from the plasma fraction. After centrifugation, the fibrin clot forms in the upper layer; this clot should be squeezed gently using a pair of sterile forceps and subsequently centrifuged to completely separate the blood cells from the serum. In this video article, we demonstrate our standard protocol for the preparation of optimal IC rat serum, including blood collection from the abdominal aorta of male rats and extraction of the serum by centrifugation.

Şekil 1, kan hücreleri ve serumun ayrılması için açıklanan prosedürlere temsili sonuçlarını göstermektedir. Bu tipik olarak, emekli erkek fare (Şekil 1A) kan 15 ml elde edilir. Santrifüj ile, toplanan kan serumu ve bir okla belirtilir fibrin pıhtısı ve kan hücreleri (Şekil 1 C) ihtiva eden bir alt tabaka ihtiva eden bir üst tabaka halinde ayrılabilir. Önemli olarak, hemolitik kan örnekleri, serum ve kan tabakalar (Şekil 1B) için...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of Rat Serum Suitable for Mammalian Whole Embryo Culture at JoVE.com

Preparation of Rat Serum Suitable for Mammalian Whole Embryo Culture

Mammalian whole embryo culture (WEC) is widely used in teratology and developmental biology. Immediately centrifuged rat serum is commonly provided as a medium for both mouse and rat WEC. In this video, we demonstrate our standard protocol for the preparation of high-quality rat serum suitable for mammalian WEC.

Memeli Tüm Embriyo Kültürü için uygun Rat Serum hazırlanması

Mammalian whole embryo culture (WEC) is a widely used technique for examining pharmacological toxicity in developing mouse and rat embryos and for ...

preparation-of-rat-serum-suitable-for-mammalian-whole-embryo-culture

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

13.8K Görüntüleme.  Jichi Medical University. Mammalian whole embryo culture (WEC) is widely used in teratology and developmental biology. Immediately centrifuged rat serum is commonly provided as a medium for both mouse and rat WEC. In this video, we demonstrate our standard protocol for the preparation of high-quality rat serum suitable for mammalian WEC.

Video: Preparation of Rat Serum Suitable for Mammalian Whole Embryo Culture

An Optogenetic Approach for Assessing Formation of Neuronal Connections in a Co-culture System

Here we describe a protocol to generate a co-culture consisting of 2 different neuronal populations. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are reprogrammed from human fibroblasts using episomal vectors. Colonies of iPSCs can be observed 30 days after initiation of fibroblast reprogramming. Pluripotent colonies are manually picked and grown in neural induction medium to permit differentiation into neural progenitor cells (NPCs). iPSCs rapidly convert into neuroepithelial cells within 1 week and retain the capability to self-renew when maintained at a high culture density. Primary mouse NPCs are differentiated into astrocytes by exposure to a serum-containing medium for 7 days and form a monolayer upon which embryonic day 18 (E18) rat cortical neurons (transfected with channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2)) are added. Human NPCs tagged with the fluorescent protein, tandem dimer Tomato (tdTomato), are then seeded onto the astrocyte/cortical neuron culture the following day and allowed to differentiate for 28 to 35 days. We demonstrate that this system forms synaptic connections between iPSC-derived neurons and cortical neurons, evident from an increase in the frequency of synaptic currents upon photostimulation of the cortical neurons. This co-culture system provides a novel platform for evaluating the ability of iPSC-derived neurons to create synaptic connections with other neuronal populations.

A protocol to generate a co-culture system consisting of neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), primary cortical neurons and astrocytes is described. This co-culture system allows detection of the formation of synaptic contacts and circuits between new, iPSC-derived neurons and pre-existing cortical neurons expressing channelrhodopsin-2.

Bir Co-kültür Sistemde nöronal bağlantıları Oluşumunda değerlendirilmesi için bir optogenetic Yaklaşım

Here we describe a protocol to generate a co-culture consisting of 2 different neuronal populations. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are ...

Gelişim Biyolojisi

Neural Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells in Serum-free Monolayer Culture

The ability to differentiate mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) to neural progenitors allows the study of the mechanisms controlling neural specification as well as the generation of mature neural cell types for further study. In this protocol we describe a method for the differentiation of ESC to neural progenitors using serum-free, monolayer culture. The method is scalable, efficient and results in production of ~70% neural progenitor cells within 4 - 6 days. It can be applied to ESC from various strains grown under a variety of conditions. Neural progenitors can be allowed to differentiate further into functional neurons and glia or analyzed by microscopy, flow cytometry or molecular techniques. The differentiation process is amenable to time-lapse microscopy and can be combined with the use of reporter lines to monitor the neural specification process. We provide detailed instructions on media preparation and cell density optimization to allow the process to be applied to most ESC lines and a variety of cell culture vessels.

This protocol describes in detail the method for generating neural progenitors from embryonic stem cells using a serum-free monolayer method. These progenitors can be used to derive mature neural cell types or to study the process of neural specification and is amenable to multiwell format scaling for compound screening.

Serum serbest Tek tabakalı Kültüründe Fare Embriyonik Kök Hücre Sinir Farklılaşma

The ability to differentiate mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) to neural progenitors allows the study of the mechanisms controlling neural specification as ...

Methods for Precisely Localized Transfer of Cells or DNA into Early Postimplantation Mouse Embryos

Manipulation and culture of early mouse embryos is a powerful yet largely under-utilized technology enhancing the value of this model system. Conversely, cell culture has been widely used in developmental biology studies. However, it is important to determine whether in vitro cultured cells truly represent in vivo cell types. Grafting cells into embryos, followed by an assessment of their contribution during development is a useful method to determine the potential of in vitro cultured cells. In this study, we describe a method for grafting cells into a defined site of early postimplantation mouse embryos, followed by ex vivo culture. We also introduce an optimized electroporation method that uses glass capillaries of known diameter, allowing precise localization and adjustment of the number of cells receiving exogenous DNA with both high transfection efficiency and low cell death. These techniques, which do not require any specialized equipment, render experimental manipulations of the gastrulation and early organogenesis-stage mouse embryo possible, allowing analysis of commitment in cultured cell subpopulations and the effect of genetic manipulations in situ on cell differentiation.

We demonstrate a method for grafting cultured cells into defined sites of early mouse embryos to determine their in vivo potential. We also introduce an optimized electroporation method that uses glass capillaries of known diameter, allowing the precise delivery of exogenous DNA into a few cells in the embryos.

Erken Postimplantation Fare Embriyolar içine Hücreleri veya DNA Kesinlikle lokalize Transferi Yöntemleri

Manipulation and culture of early mouse embryos is a powerful yet largely under-utilized technology enhancing the value of this model system. Conversely, ...

Preparation of Rat Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cultures and Quantification of Oligodendrogenesis Using Dual-infrared Fluorescence Scanning

Efficient oligodendrogenesis is the therapeutic goal of a number of areas of research including spinal cord injury, neonatal hypoxia, and demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and transverse myelitis. Myelination is required to not only facilitate rapid impulse propagation within the central nervous system, but also to provide trophic support to underlying axons. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) can be studied in vitro to help identify factors that may promote or inhibit oligodendrocyte differentiation. To date, many of the methods available to evaluate this process have either required large numbers of cells, thus limiting the number of conditions that can be investigated at any one time, or labor-intensive methods of quantification. Herein, we describe a protocol for the isolation of large numbers of highly pure OPCs together with a fast and reliable method to determine oligodendrogenesis from multiple conditions simultaneously. OPCs are isolated from P5-P7 neonatal rat cortices and grown in vitro for three days prior to differentiation. Four days after differentiation, oligodendrogenesis is evaluated using a dual-infrared fluorescence-scanning assay to determine expression of the myelin protein.

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. This protocol describes a method for the isolation and culture of their precursors, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, from rat cortices, as well as a fast and reliable quantitative method to evaluate oligodendrogenesis in vitro in response to experimental factors.

Sıçan oligodendrosit Progenitör Kültürler hazırlanması ve Oligodendrogenesis Niceleme Çift kızılötesi Floresan Tarama kullanma

Efficient oligodendrogenesis is the therapeutic goal of a number of areas of research including spinal cord injury, neonatal hypoxia, and demyelinating ...

Isolation of Murine Embryonic Hemogenic Endothelial Cells

The specification of hemogenic endothelial cells from embryonic vascular endothelium occurs during brief developmental periods within distinct tissues, and is necessary for the emergence of definitive HSPC from the murine extra embryonic yolk sac, placenta, umbilical vessels, and the embryonic aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region. The transient nature and small size of this cell population renders its reproducible isolation for careful quantification and experimental applications technically difficult. We have established a fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-based protocol for simultaneous isolation of hemogenic endothelial cells and HSPC during their peak generation times in the yolk sac and AGM. We demonstrate methods for dissection of yolk sac and AGM tissues from mouse embryos, and we present optimized tissue digestion and antibody conjugation conditions for maximal cell survival prior to identification and retrieval via FACS. Representative FACS analysis plots are shown that identify the hemogenic endothelial cell and HSPC phenotypes, and describe a methylcellulose-based assay for evaluating their blood forming potential on a clonal level.

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) derive from specialized (hemogenic) endothelial cells during development, yet little is known about the process by which some endothelial cells specify to become blood forming. We demonstrate a flow-cytometry based method allowing simultaneous isolation of hemogenic endothelial cells and HSPC from murine embryonic tissues.

Fare Embriyonik Hemogenic endotel hücrelerinin izolasyonu

The specification of hemogenic endothelial cells from embryonic vascular endothelium occurs during brief developmental periods within distinct tissues, ...

Isolation and Culture of Rat Embryonic Neural Cells: A Quick Protocol

We are describing a quick method to dissociate and culture hippocampal or cortical neurons from E15-17 rat embryos. The procedure can be applied successfully to the isolation of mouse and human primary neurons and neural progenitors. Dissociated neurons are maintained in serum-free medium up to several weeks. These cultures can be used for nucleofection, immunocytochemistry, nucleic acids preparation, as well as electrophysiology. Older neuronal cultures can also be transfected with a good efficiency rate by lentiviral transduction and, less efficiently, with calcium phosphate or lipid-based methods such as lipofectamine.

We describe a rapid methodology to isolate and culture hippocampal and cortical neurons from rodent embryos. This protocol allows us to perform experiments in which nearly pure neuronal cultures are required.

Sıçan Embriyonik Nöral Hücre İzolasyonu ve Kültür: Bir Hızlı Protokol

We are describing a quick method to dissociate and culture hippocampal or cortical neurons from E15-17 rat embryos. The procedure can be applied ...

Nörobilim

Preparation of Rat Brain Aggregate Cultures for Neuron and Glia Development Studies

An in vitro system that recapitulates the development and differentiation of progenitors into mature neurons and glia in the central nervous system (CNS) would provide a powerful platform for neuroscientists to investigate axo-glial interactions, properties and differentiation of multipotent progenitors, and progression of oligodendroglial lineage cells at the cellular and molecular level.  We describe here a CNS aggregate culture system from embryonic rat forebrains, which can be maintained in a serum-free medium up to 3-4 weeks and is used in our laboratory as a model to study neuron-glia interaction and CNS myelination.  This video clip will demonstrate how to isolate and grow these CNS aggregate cultures from E16 rat brain.  Furthermore, from the same brain dissection, highly enriched regular dissociated neuronal cultures can be readily obtained and used for various studies on CNS neurons or used for co-cultures with other cells. 

A protocols for an embryonic rat brain aggregate culture system is described. Multipotent progenitors in the aggregates can develop and differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.

Nöron ve Glia Geliştirme Çalışmaları Rat Beyin Agrega Kültürler hazırlanması

An in vitro system that recapitulates the development and differentiation of progenitors into mature neurons and glia in the central nervous system (CNS) ...

Biyoloji

Ex Utero Culture of Mouse Embryos from Pregastrulation to Advanced Organogenesis

Postimplantation mammalian embryo culture methods have been generally inefficient and limited to brief periods after dissection out of the uterus. Platforms have been recently developed for highly robust and prolonged ex utero culture of mouse embryos from egg-cylinder stages until advanced organogenesis. These platforms enable appropriate and faithful development of pregastrulating embryos (E5.5) until the hind limb formation stage (E11). Late gastrulating embryos (E7.5) are grown in rotating bottles in these settings, while extended culture from pregastrulation stages (E5.5 or E6.5) requires a combination of static and rotating bottle cultures. In addition, sensitive regulation of O2 and CO2 concentration, gas pressure, glucose levels, and the use of a specific ex utero culture medium are critical for proper embryo development. Here, a detailed step-by-step protocol for extended ex utero mouse embryo culture is provided. The ability to grow normal mouse embryos ex utero from gastrulation to organogenesis represents a valuable tool for characterizing the effect of different experimental perturbations during embryonic development.

Ex Utero Culture of Mouse Embryos from Pregastrulation to Advanced Organogenesis

An enhanced platform for whole-embryo culture allows continuous and robust ex utero development of postimplantation mouse embryos for up to six days, from pregastrulation stages until advanced organogenesis. In this protocol, we detail the standard procedure for successful embryo culture using static plates and rotating bottle systems.

Ex Utero Pregastrülasyondan İleri Organogenez'e Fare Embriyolarının Kültürü

Postimplantation mammalian embryo culture methods have been generally inefficient and limited to brief periods after dissection out of the uterus. ...

The Method of Rodent Whole Embryo Culture using the Rotator-type Bottle Culture System

Whole embryo culture (WEC) technique has been developed in 1950's by New and his colleagues, and applied for developmental biology 1. Although development and growth of mammalian embryos are critically dependent on the function of the placenta, WEC technique allows us to culture mouse and rat embryos ex vivo condition during limited periods corresponding to midgestation stages during embryonic day (E) 6.5-E12.5 in the mouse or E8.5-E14.5 in the rat 2, 3, 4. In WEC, we can directly target desired areas of embryos using fine glass capillaries because embryos can be manipulated under the microscope. Therefore, rodent WEC is very useful technique when we want to study dynamic developmental processes of postimplanted mammalian embryos. Up to date, several types of WEC systems have been developed 1. Among those, the rotator-type bottle culture system is most popular and suitable for long-term culture of embryos at midgestation, i.e., after E9.5 and E11.5 in the mouse and rat, respectively 1. In this video protocol, we demonstrate our standard procedures of rat WEC after E12.5 using a refined model of the original rotator system, which was designed by New and Cockroft 5, 6, and introduce various applications of WEC technique for studies in mammalian developmental biology.

Whole embryo culture technique allows us to culture mouse and rat embryos ex vivo condition during limited periods corresponding to midgestation stages. In this video protocol, we demonstrate our standard procedures of rat whole embryo culture after E12.5 using the rotator-type bottle culture system.

Rotator-tipi Şişe Kültür Sistemi kullanılarak Kemirgen Tüm Embriyo Kültürü Yöntemi

Whole embryo culture (WEC) technique has been developed in 1950's by New and his colleagues, and applied for developmental biology 1. Although development ...

Mouse Embryonic Development in a Serum-free Whole Embryo Culture System

Mid-gestation stage mouse embryos were cultured utilizing a serum-free culture medium prepared from commercially available stem cell media supplements in an oxygenated rolling bottle culture system. Mouse embryos at E10.5 were carefully isolated from the uterus with intact yolk sac and in a process involving precise surgical maneuver the embryos were gently exteriorized from the yolk sac while maintaining the vascular continuity of the embryo with the yolk sac. Compared to embryos prepared with intact yolk sac or with the yolk sac removed, these embryos exhibited superior survival rate and developmental progression when cultured under similar conditions. We show that these mouse embryos, when cultured in a defined medium in an atmosphere of 95% O2 / 5% CO2 in a rolling bottle culture apparatus at 37 &#176;&#8203;C for 16-40 hr, exhibit morphological growth and development comparable to the embryos developing in utero. We believe this method will be useful for investigators needing to utilize whole embryo culture to study signaling interactions important in embryonic organogenesis.

Serum utilized in embryo cultures contains unknown components that can affect the outcome of experiments especially in studies involving signaling interactions. Here we utilized a serum-free oxygenated culture system and show that mid-gestation mouse embryos cultured for 16-40 hr&#160;exhibit morphological development comparable to embryos developing in utero.

Serumsuz Tüm Embriyo Kültür Sistemde Fare Embriyonik Development

Mid-gestation stage mouse embryos were cultured utilizing a serum-free culture medium prepared from commercially available stem cell media supplements in ...