Name: culturing mouse cardiac valves in the miniature tissue culture system
Uploaded: 2015-10-19T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 8 min 47 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Culturing Mouse Cardiac Valves in the Miniature Tissue Culture System at JoVE.com

This study is supported by the Dutch Heart Foundation and the Netherlands Institute for Regenerative Medicine.

Bu protokol, hayvan araştırma etik komitesinin LUMC kuralları izler. Araçların 1. Hazırlık, kültür ortamı ve MTCS Not: laminer akış kaputu tüm hazırlıklarını yapın. MTCS perfüzyon odasına, kabarcık kapanı ve tek Lieber ve diğ., 2010, 11 tarif edilmiştir. <ol><li> % 70 etanol ile forseps ve mikro makas dezenfekte edin. Steril Tyrode tamponu (130 mM NaCI, 5.4 mM KCI, 6.0 mM Hepes ve 1.2 mM MgSO 4, 1.2 ile 21G iğne ile 5 ml şırınga hazırlayın mM KH 2 PO 4, 20 mM Glükoz, 1,5 mM CaCl2 .2H 2, O, pH = 7.2). Steril KCI çözeltisi (100 mM) ile, 21G iğne ile 5 ml şırınga hazırlayın. </li><li> 65 kalp başına ortam ml hazırlayın: (A / A, penisilin 100 birim, 100 ug streptomisin ve amfoterisin B 0.25 ug / ml) DMEM,% 10 fetal dana serumu, antibiyotik / antimikotik ile desteklenmiş İnsülin transferinSelenyum (ITS; / ml insülin 10 ug, 5.5 ug / ml Transferin, 6.7 ng / ml sodyum selenit) ve filtre sterilize. </li><li> % 70 etanol ve kağıt havluyla kurulayın sıkarak perfüzyon odası ve kabarcık tuzak sterilize edin. Başlangıçta perfüzyon odasının olmadan, ancak, MTCS (Şekil 1D) birleştirin. Stand kabarcık tuzak yerleştirin. Kolay yükleme pompası başkanları ile bir peristaltik roller pompa kullanın. <ol><li> Silikon boru rezervuar (50 ml tüp) ve pompa, pompa ve kabarcık kapanı, kabarcık kapanı ve rezervuar arasındaki bağlantıları (Şekil 1D bakınız) yapmak kullanma. Orta gaz geçirgen silikon tüp (1 m) ve mümkün olduğunca kısa inkübatör dışına tüp aracılığıyla inkübatör gazıyla gaz dengeye ulaşması için izin yeterince uzun inkübatör içinde boru yapın. </li></ol></li><li> (Düzgün dolaşım sağlamak için / 1 ml civarında dk akış hızı) pompa açmak,% 70 etanol ile 50 ml tüp doldurun ve etanol CIR izinTüm boru sterilize etmek için 30 dakika boyunca hesaplanmalıdır. Rezervuar boşaltma ve sistemden etanol dışarı pompalama yoluyla etanol çıkarın. </li><li> Steril distile su ile 50 ml tüp doldurun pompa açmak ve 30 dakika boyunca su sirküle etanol kalan kurtulmak için izin verin. Rezervuar boşaltma ve sistemden suyu pompalanarak suyunu çıkartın. </li><li> Orta 45 ml, 50 ml tüp doldurun, inkübatör standı koymak. Pompa (1 ml / dakika akış hızı yaklaşık) açın ve tüm boruların doldurmak için orta sirküle, tüm hava kabarcıklarını çıkarmak ve orta en az 1 saat boyunca kuluçka makinesi içinde, gaz bileşimine uyum sağlar. Standart doku kültürü koşullarında (% 5 CO2 ve 37 ° C) kuluçka tutun. Hiçbir kabarcıklar tüp mevcut olduğundan emin olun. </li></ol> Fare Heart 2. izolasyonu <ol><li> Heparin 500 adet fare ile enjekte edilir. Bu pıhtılaşma kan önlemek ve b kaldırılmasını sağlar olacakkalp LOOD. 10 dakika sonra, hassas bir buharlaştırıcı kullanılarak% 4 izofluran ile bir indüksiyon odasında fare anestezi. Fare ayak tutam tepkisiz olduğunda anestezi yeterlidir. </li><li> Bir diseksiyon kurulu fareyi aktarın ve koaksiyel devresine bağlı bir yüz maskesi vasıtasıyla anestezi korumak. % 70 alkol ile fare kürk dezenfekte edin. Makas karın boşluğuna açılması kullanma vena kava ve diyaframı ortaya çıkarmak. </li><li> , Kalp maruz geçen ilk kaburga başlayan yanal kesiler yapmak ve farenin başının üzerinde göğüs kafesi yansıtacak. Fare artık nefes almıyorsa olarak anestezi durdurun. Kalp atışını gözlemleyin. </li><li> (Diyafram üzerinden) göğüs boşluğuna karın gelen inferior vena kava içine steril Tyrode Tamponu içeren 5 ml şırınga bağlı 21G iğne takın. Kan iğne yerleştirilmesi gelen vena kava kaudal çıkabilirsiniz emin olun. Inci serpmeke Tyrode Tampon nazikçe ve vena kava içine sabit basınç kalp kısmen kırmızı rengini kaybeder kadar. Not: Kalp kalpten kanın çıkarılmasını sağlayan yenerek kalır. </li><li> Steril KCI çözeltisi ihtiva eden bir 5 ml şırıngaya bağlanmış 21G iğne ile iğne değiştirin. Yavaşça kalp atışını durana kadar vena kava içine KCl çözeltisi serpmek ve iğneyi çıkartın. Not: KCl çözümü koroner sistemin daha kolay perfüzyon iğne yerleştirilmesi ve perfüzyon sağlayacak rahat diyastolik aşamasında kalbi korur. </li><li> Hafif kavisli bir forseps kullanarak kalbi kaldırın ve makas kullanarak kalp sağlam ve kalbe bağlı proksimal arter ve venler çevreleyen dokudan serbest kalbini incelemek ama bırakın. Buz soğukluğunda PBS antibiyotik / antimikotik (A / A) ile desteklenmiş ihtiva eden bir 15 ml tüp kalp aktarın. Kadar 3 saat boyunca buz soğukluğunda PBS kalp saklayın. </li></ol> 3. CannulatioPerfüzyon Odası Fare Kalpler n <ol><li> Laminer akış kaputu tüm prosedürleri uygulayın. 10 cm&#39;lik Petri kabı 15 ml tüp izole kalbi aktarın ve eklemek PBS A / A ile desteklenmiş. </li><li> Bir mikroskop altında, tüm non-kardiyak doku kaldırmak için mikro makas ve forseps kullanabilir ancak artan aorta korumak kalbe brakiyosefalik arter ve pulmoner venlerin, 2 mm proksimal en az çatallanma için. Sol ventrikül lümen (tipik olarak 2 mm) erişim temin etmek kalbin üst ucu kesin. Diseksiyon mikroskobu altında akış kaputu perfüzyon odasına yerleştirin. </li><li> Silikon tüp kullanılarak uç iğneye orta ile 5 ml şırınga takın. 20 ml ortam ile perfüzyon odasına doldurun ve perfüzyon odasında 2 körelmiş iğneler (Şekil 1) arasındaki dönme sahneye kalbini koydu. Kalp önüne konumlandırılmış böylece dönme aşamasında yüksekliğini ayarlayıniğne. </li></ol> Mitral Vana Kültürleme 4. ligasyonu (Şekil 1) <ol><li> Sütür (ipek 7.0) ile aort Arter. Sütür ile sol atriyal apendiks Arter. Sol atriyuma pulmoner ven yoluyla (Şekil 1&#39;de. 1 nr) iğne takın ve sol atrium onun giriş sütür proksimal ile Arter. Bu mitral kapak zedeleyecek şekilde iğne sol atrium içine çok uzak değil emin olun. </li><li> Sol ventrikül içine doğrusal hareket ile iğne (Şekil 1 &#39;de No.2) yerleştirin. 50 ml&#39;lik bir tüpe perfüzyon odasından gelen orta aktarın. Biyouyumlu yapıştırıcı ile miyokardiyuma iğne Seal. </li><li> Tutkal kuruduktan sonra dikkatlice nr.1 iğne ve herhangi bir sızıntı olup olmadığını kontrol etmek için bir orta dolu şırıngayı bağlayarak kalp içine orta enjekte. İğne Nr.2 ve son kalan kan kalbin dışına perfüze o orta çıkar olun. </li></ol> 5. LiAort Vana Kültürleme için Navigasyon (Şekil 1) <ol><li> Aort iğne (Şekil 1 &#39;de No.1) takın ve sütür ile ligate. Bu aort kapağını zedeleyecek şekilde iğne aort içine çok uzak değil emin olun. Sol ventrikül içine doğrusal hareket ile iğne (Şekil 1 &#39;de No.2) yerleştirin. 50 ml&#39;lik bir tüpe perfüzyon odasından gelen orta aktarın. Biyouyumlu yapıştırıcı ile miyokardiyuma iğne Seal. </li><li> Tutkal kuruduktan sonra dikkatlice Nr.2 iğne ve herhangi bir sızıntı olup olmadığını kontrol etmek için bir orta dolu şırıngayı bağlayarak kalp içine orta enjekte. İğne nr.1 ve son kalan kan kalbin dışına perfüze o orta çıkar olun. </li></ol> Stand 6. Perfüzyon Odası <ol><li> Orta aktarıldı 20 ml perfüzyon odasına kadar doldurun. Odasının üzerine conta ve kapak yerleştirin ve pul ve vida ile sıkın. </li><li> Incuba monte MTCS kaldırtor. Stand perfüzyon odasına takın. Boru bağlayın (Şekil 1D bakınız). Inkübatör (% 5 CO2 ve 37 ° C) &#39;de standı yerleştirin. Pompanın hortumu bağlayın. 600 ul / dk etrafında akış hızı ile pompa açın. </li><li> Rezervuar ve / veya kabarcık kapanı orta düzey gelen orta damlaların düşerek akışının varlığı görselleştirme izin verdiğinden emin olun. Kültürden sonra, kalp, sistemden çıkarılır fikse edilmiş ve histolojik inceleme için işlenir. </li></ol>

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The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Kalp fare vanaları kültürleme Kritik adımlar akış yönünü doğru sağlamak için fare kalbin eksizyonu ve vanalar dik iğne canlılığını ve ligasyonu sağlamak mümkün olduğunca kısa perfüzyon odasında ligasyon arasındaki süre yapım dahil . Ayrıca, orta olmadan perfüzyon odasında bağlanmasından sonra akışını kontrol uygun ekleme ve iğneler bağlanmasını sağlar. Bu steril kültür korumak ve potansiyel akış tıkayan kalbinde sıkışıp alabilir boru, hava kabarcıklarını engellemek i...

Kalp kapak hastalığı, Batı dünyasında morbidite ve mortalitenin önemli bir nedenidir; prevalansı yaşla birlikte artar ve nüfus 75 yıldan fazla% 10 ve 1 yaşlı etkiler. Kalbin sistemik kısmının vanalar, aort ve mitral vanalar, en çok etkilenen bulunmaktadır. Kalp kapakçığı hastalığı mekanik özellikleri 2 değişmesi ile sonuçlanır valf yüksek organize yapı kaybıyla karakterizedir. Yapısal bütünlük valfi işlevi açısından kritiktir. Vana bildiriler kapak interstitial hücrelerin (VIC), kapak endotel hücreleri (VEC) ve yüksek bir tabakalı desen 3,4 düzenlenen hücre dışı matris oluşur. Kurbanlar ECM sentezi, yıkımı ve organizasyon sorumludur. Faktörler kan dolaşımına, EC kaynaklanan veya fonksiyonlarını düzenlediğini kurban ECM hareket ikamet eden. Ek olarak,mekanik kuvvetler Laminer veya salınımlı kayma gerilmesi, kurban 5 davranışını etkileyen basınç veya çekme gerilmeleri sonucu kardiyak döngüsü sırasında broşür hareket. Vananın yapısı nasıl düzenlendiği anlamak için, öncelikle kurban kardiyak döngüsü sırasında yaşanan uyaranların farklı setine nasıl yanıt anlaşılması gerekir. In vitro çalışmalar, kapak hücrelerinin özellikleri ve yetenekleri hakkında çok bilgilendirici olmuştur. Bu hücrelerin in vitro yanıtı, ancak, her zaman doğru bir in vivo yanıt 6 taklit olmayabilir; örneğin, uyaranlara VIC tepki EC varlığı ve ECM bileşimin 5 bağlıdır. Ayrıca, uyaranlara kapak hücrelerinin tepki broşürü 7 onların belirli bir konuma bağlıdır. Biyokimyasal uyaranlara ek olarak, kapak hücrelerinin davranışı o hareket mekanik kuvvetlerin belirlenirn valfi 8. Vananın Her bölgenin hemodinamik gerilmelerin kendine özgü kümesine tabi tutulur. Geçerli ex vivo modeller mekanik kuvvetler kapak yapısının 5 önemli belirleyicileri olduğunu göstermiştir rağmen, ilgili mekanizmalar hala belirsiz. In vivo modeller kapak gelişimini 9,10 altında yatan moleküler mekanizmaları içgörü sağladı ederken, yetişkin kapak biyoloji içine anlayışlar hala zor olduğunu. Bu nedenle, bir ex vivo akış modeli olan kalp valfleri zaman 11 arasında bir süre için merkezinde kendi doğal pozisyonunda kültürlenebilir geliştirilmiştir. Bu valfler doğal konfigürasyonda kalır ve kurban mümkün olduğunca doğal uyaranlara karşı yanıt kurban yapım in vivo aynı ortamı deneyim avantajına sahiptir. Buna ek olarak, kalbinde doğal pozisyonda vanaların kültürü her tabi kolaylaştırırİlgili hemodinamik gerilimlere kapak bölgesi. Örneğin, bu ex vivo modelde, Minyatür Doku Kültür Sistemi (MTCS), valfler kalp kapağı yeniden rolleri incelenmesi sağlayan farklı biyokimyasal ve hemodinamik uyaranlara maruz bırakılabilir.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Dulbecco&amp;rsquo;s Modified Eagle Medium</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>10569-010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>26140</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>41400-045</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Antibiotic-Antimycotic</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>15240-06</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Silk 7-0</td><td>Ethicon</td><td>768G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>100 mm culture dish</td><td>Greiner bio-one</td><td>664160</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>50 ml tube</td><td>Greiner bio-one</td><td>227261</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5 ml syringe</td><td>BD</td><td>309649</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>21 G needle</td><td>BD</td><td>304432</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Heparin</td><td>LEO</td><td>012866-08</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Forceps</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11295-00</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micro Scissors, Economy, Vannas-type</td><td>Tedpella</td><td>1346</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Silicon tubing</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>8060-0020</td><td>I.D. x O.D. x Wall: 1.59 x 3.18 x 0.79 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Silicon tubing for pump</td><td>Masterflex</td><td>96400-13</td><td>I.D. x O.D. x Wall: 0.8 x1.59 x 0.40 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Biocompatible glue (Histoacryl)</td><td>B. Braun</td><td>1050071</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>precision vaporizer</td><td>Dr&amp;auml;ger</td><td>Vapor 200</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>peristaltic roller pump</td><td>Masterflex</td><td>7521-35</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Easy-load pump head</td><td>Masterflex</td><td>7518-00</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Flow chamber</td><td></td><td></td><td>see Lieber &lt;i&gt;et al.,&lt;/i&gt; 2010</td></tr><tr><td>Bubble trap</td><td></td><td></td><td>see Lieber &lt;i&gt;et al.,&lt;/i&gt; 2010</td></tr></tbody></table>

culturing mouse cardiac valves in the miniature tissue culture system

Heart valve disease is a major burden in the Western world and no effective treatment is available. This is mainly due to a lack of knowledge of the molecular, cellular and mechanical mechanisms underlying the maintenance and/or loss of the valvular structure. 
Current models used to study valvular biology include in vitro cultures of valvular endothelial and interstitial cells. Although, in vitro culturing models provide both cellular and molecular mechanisms, the mechanisms involved in the 3D-organization of the valve remain unclear. While in vivo models have provided insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying valvular development, insight into adult valvular biology is still elusive. 
In order to be able to study the regulation of the valvular 3D-organization on tissue, cellular and molecular levels, we have developed the Miniature Tissue Culture System. In this ex vivo flow model the mitral or the aortic valve is cultured in its natural position in the heart. The natural configuration and composition of the leaflet are maintained allowing the most natural response of the valvular cells to stimuli. The valves remain viable and are responsive to changing environmental conditions. This MTCS may provide advantages on studying questions including but not limited to, how does the 3D organization affect valvular biology, what factors affect 3D organization of the valve, and which network of signaling pathways regulates the 3D organization of the valve.

Aort kapak (Şekil 2) ya da mitral kapak 11, en ​​az 3 gün süre ile kültüre edilebilir. (Aort kapağı ve mitral kapağın diyastolik pozisyon için sistolik konumu temsil) açık konumdayken kültürleme yoluyla, kapak hücreleri canlı kalır. TÜNEL-pozitif hücreleri (Şekil 2H, I) veya ayrıldı kaspaz-3 yokluğu ile belirlendiği gibi Resim hücre ölümü gözlenir (gösterilmemiştir olup Lieber ve diğ., 2010 11). (Masson ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Culturing Mouse Cardiac Valves in the Miniature Tissue Culture System at JoVE.com

Culturing Mouse Cardiac Valves in the Miniature Tissue Culture System

Here, we present an ex vivo flow model in which murine cardiac valves can be cultured allowing the study of the biology of the valve.

Minyatür Doku Kültürü Sistemde Fare Kalp Vanalar Kültürleme

Heart valve disease is a major burden in the Western world and no effective treatment is available. This is mainly due to a lack of knowledge of the ...

culturing-mouse-cardiac-valves-in-the-miniature-tissue-culture-system

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

8.8K Görüntüleme.  Leiden University Medical Center. Here, we present an ex vivo flow model in which murine cardiac valves can be cultured allowing the study of the biology of the valve.

Video: Culturing Mouse Cardiac Valves in the Miniature Tissue Culture System

In Vitro Culture of Epicardial Cells From Mouse Embryonic Heart

During embryogenesis, the epicardial contribution to coronary vasculature development has been very well established. Cells derived from the epicardium differentiate into smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells that contribute to the formation of coronary vessels. Here we have established an in vitro culture method for embryonic epicardial cells. Using genetic labelling, we have demonstrated that the majority of the migrating cells in our explant culture are of epicardial origin. Epicardial explant cells also retain the expression of epicardial markers (Wt1 and Tbx18). Furthermore, we provide evidence that epicardial explant cells undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), migrate and differentiate into smooth muscle cells after Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-&#946;1) treatment in a manner indistinguishable from that of epicardial cells in vivo. In conclusion, we provide a novel method for the culture of embryonic epicardial cells, which will help to explore the role of specific genes in epicardial cell biology.

In Vitro Culture of Epicardial Cells From Mouse Embryonic Heart

The epicardium is an essential source of multipotent cardiovascular progenitor cells and paracrine factors that are required for cardiovascular development and regeneration. We describe here a method to culture mouse embryonic epicardial cells.

Fare Embriyonik From The Heart Epikardiyal Hücrelerinin Vitro Kültür

During embryogenesis, the epicardial contribution to coronary vasculature development has been very well established. Cells derived from the epicardium ...

Mühendislik

Transplantation of Pulmonary Valve Using a Mouse Model of Heterotopic Heart Transplantation

Tissue engineered heart valves, especially decellularized valves, are starting to gain momentum in clinical use of reconstructive surgery with mixed results. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the neotissue development, valve thickening, and stenosis development are not researched extensively. To answer the above questions, we developed a murine heterotopic heart valve transplantation model. A heart valve was harvested from a valve donor mouse and transplanted to a heart donor mouse. The heart with a new valve was transplanted heterotopically to a recipient mouse. The transplanted heart showed its own heartbeat, independent of the recipient&#8217;s heartbeat. The blood flow was quantified using a high frequency ultrasound system with a pulsed wave Doppler. The flow through the implanted pulmonary valve showed forward flow with minimal regurgitation and the peak flow was close to 100 mm/sec. This murine model of heart valve transplantation is highly versatile, so it can be modified and adapted to provide different hemodynamic environments and/or can be used with various transgenic mice to study neotissue development in a tissue engineered heart valve.

In order to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neotissue formation and stenosis development in tissue engineered heart valves, a murine model of heterotopic heart valve transplantation was developed. A pulmonary heart valve was transplanted to recipient using the heterotopic heart transplantation technique.

Heterotopik Kalp Nakli bir Fare Modeli Kullanarak Pulmoner Vana Nakli

Tissue engineered heart valves, especially decellularized valves, are starting to gain momentum in clinical use of reconstructive surgery with mixed ...

Tıp

A Novel Ex vivo Culture Method for the Embryonic Mouse Heart

Developmental studies in the mouse are hampered by the inaccessibility of the embryo during gestation. Thus, protocols to isolate and culture individual organs of interest are essential to provide a method of both visualizing changes in development and allowing novel treatment strategies. To promote the long-term culture of the embryonic heart at late stages of gestation, we developed a protocol in which the excised heart is cultured in a semi-solid, dilute Matrigel. This substrate provides enough support to maintain the three-dimensional structure but is flexible enough to allow continued contraction. In brief, hearts are excised from the embryo and placed in a mixture of cold Matrigel diluted 1:1 with growth medium. After the diluted Matrigel solidifies, growth medium is added to the culture dish. Hearts excised as late as embryonic day 16.5 were viable for four days post-dissection. Analysis of the coronary plexus shows that this method does not disrupt coronary vascular development. Thus, we present a novel method for long-term culture of embryonic hearts.

A Novel Ex vivo Culture Method for the Embryonic Mouse Heart

Developmental studies in the mouse are hampered by the inaccessibility of the embryo during gestation. To promote the long-term culture of the embryonic heart at late stages of gestation, we developed a protocol in which the excised heart is cultured in a semi-solid, dilute Matrigel.

Yeni Bir<em&gt; Ex vivo</emEmbriyonik Fare Kalp için&gt; Kültür Yöntemi

Developmental studies in the mouse are hampered  by the inaccessibility of the embryo during gestation. Thus, protocols to  isolate and culture individual ...

Biyoloji

Isolation and Culture of Adult Mouse Cardiomyocytes for Cell Signaling and in vitro Cardiac Hypertrophy

Technological advances have made genetically modified mice, including transgenic and gene knockout mice, an essential tool in many research fields. Adult cardiomyocytes are widely accepted as a good model for cardiac cellular physiology and pathophysiology, as well as for pharmaceutical intervention. Genetically modified mice preclude the need for complicated cardiomyocyte infection processes to generate the desired genotype, which are inefficient due to cardiomyocytes&#8217; terminal differentiation. Isolation and culture of high quantity and quality functional cardiomyocytes will dramatically benefit cardiovascular research and provide an important tool for cell signaling transduction research and drug development. Here, we describe a well-established method for isolation of adult mouse cardiomyocytes that can be implemented with little training. The mouse heart is excised and cannulated to an isolated heart system, then perfused with a calcium-free and high potassium buffer followed by type II collagenase digestion in Langendorff retrograde perfusion mode. This protocol yields a consistent result for the collection of functional adult mouse cardiomyocytes from a variety of genetically modified mice.

Isolation and Culture of Adult Mouse Cardiomyocytes for Cell Signaling and in vitro Cardiac Hypertrophy

We describe a reliable method for isolation of adult mouse cardiomyocytes. This protocol yields a consistent result for the culture of functional adult cardiomyocytes from a variety of genetically modified mice.

İzolasyon ve Kültür Yetişkin Fare Hücre Sinyal için kardiyomiyositlerin ve<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; Kalp hipertrofisi

Technological advances have made genetically modified mice, including transgenic and gene knockout mice, an essential tool in many research fields. Adult ...

In Vitro Model of Coronary Angiogenesis

Here, we describe an in vitro culture assay to study coronary angiogenesis. Coronary vessels feed the heart muscle and are of clinical importance. Defects in these vessels represent severe health risks such as in atherosclerosis, which can lead to myocardial infarctions and heart failures in patients. Consequently, coronary artery disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite its clinical importance, relatively little progress has been made on how to regenerate damaged coronary arteries. Nevertheless, recent progress has been made in understanding the cellular origin and differentiation pathways of coronary vessel development. The advent of tools and technologies that allow researchers to fluorescently label progenitor cells, follow their fate, and visualize progenies in vivo have been instrumental in understanding coronary vessel development. In vivo studies are valuable, but have limitations in terms of speed, accessibility, and flexibility in experimental design. Alternatively, accurate in vitro models of coronary angiogenesis can circumvent these limitations and allow researchers to interrogate important biological questions with speed and flexibility. The lack of appropriate in vitro model systems may have hindered the progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of coronary vessel growth. Here, we describe an in vitro culture system to grow coronary vessels from the sinus venosus (SV) and endocardium (Endo), the two progenitor tissues from which many of the coronary vessels arise. We also confirmed that the cultures accurately recapitulate some of the known in vivo mechanisms. For instance, we show that the angiogenic sprouts in culture from SV downregulate COUP-TFII expression similar to what is observed in vivo. In addition, we show that VEGF-A, a well-known angiogenic factor in vivo, robustly stimulates angiogenesis from both the SV and Endo cultures. Collectively, we have devised an accurate in vitro culture model to study coronary angiogenesis.

In vitro models of coronary angiogenesis can be utilized for the discovery of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of coronary angiogenesis. In vitro explant cultures of sinus venosus and endocardium tissues show robust growth in response to VEGF-A and display a similar pattern of COUP-TFII expression as in vivo.

Koroner Anjiyogenezin In Vitro Modeli

Here, we describe an in vitro culture assay to study coronary angiogenesis. Coronary vessels feed the heart muscle and are of clinical importance. Defects ...

Isolation of Murine Valve Endothelial Cells

Normal valve structures consist of stratified layers of specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) interspersed with valve interstitial cells (VICs) and surrounded by a monolayer of valve endothelial cells (VECs). VECs play essential roles in establishing the valve structures during embryonic development, and are important for maintaining life-long valve integrity and function. In contrast to a continuous endothelium over the surface of healthy valve leaflets, VEC disruption is commonly observed in malfunctioning valves and is associated with pathological processes that promote valve disease and dysfunction. Despite the clinical relevance, focused studies determining the contribution of VECs to development and disease processes are limited. The isolation of VECs from animal models would allow for cell-specific experimentation. VECs have been isolated from large animal adult models but due to their small population size, fragileness, and lack of specific markers, no reports of VEC isolations in embryos or adult small animal models have been reported. Here we describe a novel method that allows for the direct isolation of VECs from mice at embryonic and adult stages. Utilizing the Tie2-GFP reporter model that labels all endothelial cells with Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), we have been successful in isolating GFP-positive (and negative) cells from the semilunar and atrioventricular valve regions using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). Isolated GFP-positive VECs are enriched for endothelial markers, including CD31 and von Willebrand Factor (vWF), and retain endothelial cell expression when cultured; while, GFP-negative cells exhibit molecular profiles and cell shapes consistent with VIC phenotypes. The ability to isolate embryonic and adult murine VECs allows for previously unattainable molecular and functional studies to be carried out on a specific valve cell population, which will greatly improve our understanding of valve development and disease mechanisms.

The ability to isolate heart valve endothelial cells (VECs) is critical for understanding mechanisms of valve development, maintenance, and disease. Here we describe the isolation of VECs from embryonic and adult Tie2-GFP mice using FACS that will allow for studies determining the contribution of VECs in developmental and disease processes.

Murin Vana Endotel Hücreleri İzolasyon

Normal valve structures consist of stratified layers of specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) interspersed with valve interstitial cells (VICs) and ...

Isolation, Culture and Transduction of Adult Mouse Cardiomyocytes

Cultured cardiomyocytes can be used to study cardiomyocyte biology using techniques that are complementary to in vivo systems. For example, the purity and accessibility of in vitro culture enables fine control over biochemical analyses, live imaging, and electrophysiology. Long-term culture of cardiomyocytes offers access to additional experimental approaches that cannot be completed in short term cultures. For example, the in vitro investigation of dedifferentiation, cell cycle re-entry, and cell division has thus far largely been restricted to rat cardiomyocytes, which appear to be more robust in long-term culture. However, the availability of a rich toolset of transgenic mouse lines and well-developed disease models make mouse systems attractive for cardiac research. Although several reports exist of adult mouse cardiomyocyte isolation, few studies demonstrate their long-term culture. Presented here, is a step-by-step method for the isolation and long-term culture of adult mouse cardiomyocytes. First, retrograde Langendorff perfusion is used to efficiently digest the heart with proteases, followed by gravity sedimentation purification. After a period of dedifferentiation following isolation, the cells gradually attach to the culture and can be cultured for weeks. Adenovirus cell lysate is used to efficiently transduce the isolated cardiomyocytes. These methods provide a simple, yet powerful model system to study cardiac biology.

This protocol describes a step-by-step method for the reproducible isolation and long-term culture of adult mouse cardiomyocytes with high yield, purity, and viability.

İzolasyon, Kültür ve Yetişkin Fare kardiyomiyositlerde İletimi

Cultured cardiomyocytes can be used to study cardiomyocyte biology using techniques that are complementary to in vivo systems. For example, the purity and ...

Isolation, Transfection, and Long-Term Culture of Adult Mouse and Rat Cardiomyocytes

Ex vivo culture of the adult mammalian cardiomyocytes (CMs) presents the most relevant experimental system for the in vitro study of cardiac biology. Adult mammalian CMs are terminally differentiated cells with minimal proliferative capacity. The post-mitotic state of adult CMs not only restricts cardiomyocyte cell cycle progression but also limits the efficient culture of CMs. Moreover, the long-term culture of adult CMs is necessary for many studies, such as CM proliferation and analysis of gene expression.
The mouse and the rat are the two most preferred laboratory animals to be used for cardiomyocyte isolation. While the long-term culture of rat CMs is possible, adult mouse CMs are susceptible to death and cannot be cultured more than five days under normal conditions. Therefore, there is a critical need to optimize the cell isolation and long-term culture protocol for adult murine CMs. With this modified protocol, it is possible to successfully isolate and culture both adult mouse and rat CMs for more than 20 days. Moreover, the siRNA transfection efficiency of isolated CM is significantly increased compared to previous reports. For adult mouse CM isolation, the Langendorff perfusion method is utilized with an optimal enzyme solution and sufficient time for complete extracellular matrix dissociation. In order to obtain pure ventricular CMs, both atria were dissected and discarded before proceeding with the disassociation and plating. Cells were dispersed on a laminin coated plate, which allowed for efficient and rapid attachment. CMs were allowed to settle for 4-6 h before siRNA transfection. Culture media was refreshed every 24 h for 20 days, and subsequently, CMs were fixed and stained for cardiac-specific markers such as Troponin and markers of cell cycle such as KI67.

Here, we present a protocol for the isolation, transfection, and long-term culture of adult mouse and rat cardiomyocytes.

İzolasyon, Transfeksiyon ve Yetişkin Fare ve Sıçan Kardiyomiyositlerinin Uzun Süreli Kültürü

Ex vivo culture of the adult mammalian cardiomyocytes (CMs) presents the most relevant experimental system for the in vitro study of cardiac biology. ...

Isolation of Mouse Interstitial Valve Cells to Study the Calcification of the Aortic Valve In Vitro

The calcification of aortic valve cells is the hallmark of aortic stenosis and is associated with valve cusp fibrosis. Valve interstitial cells (VICs) play an important role in the calcification process in aortic stenosis through the activation of their dedifferentiation program to osteoblast-like cells. Mouse VICs are a good in vitro tool for the elucidation of the signaling pathways driving the mineralization of the aortic valve cell. The method described herein, successfully used by these authors, explains how to obtain freshly isolated cells. A two-step collagenase procedure was performed with 1 mg/mL and 4.5 mg/mL. The first step is crucial to remove the endothelial cell layer and avoid any contamination. The second collagenase incubation is to facilitate the migration of VICs from the tissue to the plate. In addition, an immunofluorescence staining procedure for the phenotype characterization of the isolated mouse valve cells is discussed. Furthermore, the calcification assay was performed in vitro by using the calcium reagent measurement procedure and alizarin red staining. The use of mouse valve cell primary culture is essential for testing new pharmacological targets to inhibit cell mineralization in vitro.

Isolation of Mouse Interstitial Valve Cells to Study the Calcification of the Aortic Valve In Vitro

This article describes the isolation of mouse aortic valve cells by a two-step collagenase procedure. Isolated mouse valve cells are important for performing different assays, such as this in vitro calcification assay, and for investigating the molecular pathways leading to aortic valve mineralization.

Aort Kapak In Vitro Kalsifikasyonu Çalışmak için Fare Interstisyel Kapak Hücrelerinin İzolasyonu

The calcification of aortic valve cells is the hallmark of aortic stenosis and is associated with valve cusp fibrosis. Valve interstitial cells (VICs) ...

Calcification Assay to Measure Calcium Concentration in Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells

Source: Bouchareb, R. et al., <a href="https://app.jove.com/v/62419">Isolation of Mouse Interstitial Valve Cells to Study the Calcification of the Aortic Valve In Vitro.</a>&#160; J. Vis. Exp. &#160;(2021).
This video demonstrates an assay technique for assessing the calcification of the aortic valve interstitial cells in vitro. The assay helps to quantify the calcium concentration using the arsenazo III reagent, a calcium-sensitive dye that reacts with calcium ions to form a purple-colored calcium-arsenazo complex.

Aort Kapak İnterstisyel Hücrelerinde Kalsiyum Konsantrasyonunu Ölçmek için Kalsifikasyon Testi

Source: Bouchareb, R. et al., Isolation of Mouse Interstitial Valve Cells to Study the Calcification of the Aortic Valve In Vitro.&#160; J. Vis. Exp. ...

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