Name: tissue engineering by intrinsic vascularization in an in vivo tissue engineering chamber
Uploaded: 2016-05-30T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 55 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Tissue Engineering by Intrinsic Vascularization in an In Vivo Tissue Engineering Chamber at JoVE.com

Bu çalışma NHMRC ve Stafford Fox Tıp Vakfı hibe finansmanı tarafından desteklenmiştir. Yazarlar Sue McKay, Liliana Pepe, Anna Deftereos ve Deneysel Tıp Amanda Rixon ve Cerrahi Ünitesi, St. Vincent Hastanesi, Melbourne cerrahi yardım kabul. Destek ayrıca Yenilik, Sanayi Victoria Eyalet Hükümeti&#39;nin Bakanlığı ve Bölgesel Kalkınma Operasyonel Altyapı Destek Programı tarafından sağlanmaktadır.

Burada anlatılan protokoller Vincent Hastanesi Melbourne, Avustralya Hayvan Etik Komitesi tarafından onaylanmış, ve Avustralya Ulusal Sağlık ve Tıbbi Araştırma Konseyi Yönergeleri sıkı sıkıya bağlı kalmanın altında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Not: iki odacık protokolleri aşağıda açıklanmıştır. İki farklı model ve özel bölme tasarımı, Şekil 1 &#39;de gösterilmiştir. Oda (1) (Fare Arterdamar döngüsü bölmesi modeli için) polikarbonattan yapılmıştır. Bu bir iç çapı 13 mm ve yüksekliği 4 mm olan bir silindirdir. duvardaki bir noktada bir pencere pedikül için engelsiz erişim sağlar. (Sıçan akışı-through pedikül odası modeli için) İkinci modelde ise, oda poliakrilik yapılmış ve (10 x 8 x 4 mm 3 iç boyutları) dikdörtgen mesafesindedir. Bunların bölme aşmak femoral arter ve ven karşılamak için karşılıklı yanları üzerinde iki adet 1,5 mm&#39;lik deliklere sahiptir. 1. Sıçan Arteriovenöz Döngü Odası Modeli (Tek Chamber Başına Hayvan) NOT: cerrahi başlamadan önce, tüm enstrümanlar düzgün sterilize edilmiştir emin olun. Aynı şekilde, steril havlu aletleri dinlenme sağlamak ve işlem sırasında kirlenmesini önlemek için cerrahi alanında makul bir mesafede bulunmaktadır. <ol><li> Cerrahi Animal hazırlanması <ol><li> arteriovenöz döngüsünün oluşturulması için damarların büyük boyutları için en az 250 g ağırlığındaki sıçanlar kullanın. </li><li> % 4 izofluran inhalasyonu ile hayvan Anesteziyoloji. ayak-tutam yanıtsızlık değerlendirerek anestezi yeterli derinlikte desteklemektedir. Anestezi sonra, yeterince% 2 izofluran ile işlem boyunca anestezi hayvan tutun. </li><li> Bir ısınma pad üzerinde bir yatar pozisyonda hayvan yerleştirin ve ameliyat sırasında kuruma önlemek için gözlere steril yağlayıcı uygulayın. </li><li> Bir elektrikli tıraş makinesi kullanarak, hem Kasiklari tıraş ve nemli bir gazlı bez parçası ile saç kaldırmak. </li><li> klorheksidin cerrahi sitesi hazırlayın/% 70 etanol çözeltisi ve steril havlu ile hayvan örtün. analjezik olarak karprofen tek bir doz (5 mg / kg, deri altına) uygulayınız. </li></ol></li><li> Femoral Ven Greft Harvest <ol><li> Bir 15. bıçak kullanarak, inguinal ligament sol kasık paralel bir 4 cm uzunluğunda cilt kesi yapmak. Bu kasık yağ yastığı ortaya çıkarır. </li><li> makas o epigastrik damarların dayalı vasküler pedikül bağlı bırakarak çevresel yağ yastığı ile kesti. </li><li> Mikro makas kullanarak, karın duvarı ve altta yatan femoral damarların arasındaki incecik bağ dokusu yapışıklıklar serbest. </li><li> Karın duvarında retractor yerleştirin ve mediale doğru çekin. Bu inguinal ligament ve femoral damarların tüm uzunluğu ortaya çıkarır. </li><li> Mikro forseps kullanarak ve kavisli makas hafifçe çekerek ve kesme ile epigastrik ven incelemek ve onun çevresindeki yağ onu izole. döngü oluşturarak zaman bu damar bir urgan gibi davranır. </li><li> Çg mikro forseps ve kavisli mikro makas femur damarları ve sinir epigastrik şubesine kendi çatallanma distaline inguinal ligament tüm yol içeren perivasküler kılıf açın. </li><li> Mikro forseps kullanarak kendi adventisya tarafından femoral ven pick up ve yavaşça çevre dokulardan ayırmak ve arter eşlik. Mikro forseps ve birbirinden doku çekerek ve bunun üzerinden keserek kavisli yuvarlak sivri mikro makas ile yapın. NOT: Bu tromboz o eğilimli hale intima travma neden olabilir olarak damar duvarının tüm kalınlığını kapmak asla. </li><li> Ligate yan dalları 10/0 naylon sütür ile diseksiyon sırasında bulunan veya iki kutuplu bir pıhtılaştırıcı ile koagüle. </li><li> femoral ven tamamen ücretsiz, 4/0 ipek sütür ile proksimal ve distal uçlarını Arter. en az 10 mm uzunluğunda bir damar grefti elde etmek için emin olun ve yaklaşık epigastrik dalının 0.5 cm uzunluğunda bir adam halat sabrının olarak kullanılmak üzere dahilodasında açık döngü tutun. </li><li> Mikro forseps ve düz mikro makas kullanarak, hafifçe çekerek ve keserek greft uçlarından adventisya kırpın. Bu aynı zamanda mikrocerrahi anastomozlar önce, daha sonra yapılabilir. </li><li> heparinize tuzlu su çözeltisi (heparin 10 U / ml) ile ven greft yıkayın ve çözelti içinde dinlenmeye bırakın. Sürekli çalışan 4/0 ipek sütür artı iki veya üç ek basit kesintiye dikiş kullanarak yarayı kapatmak. </li></ol></li><li> Odası Arteriovenöz Döngü ve İmplantasyonu oluşturulması <ol><li> Tekrarlayın kontralateral bacak üzerinde aynı şekilde 1.2.4 için 1.2.1 adımları. </li><li> Mikro forseps kullanarak, incelemek ve epigastrik arter hem izole ve çevresindeki yağ yastığı oluşturur ven. yavaşça gemilerin uzak doku çekerek bunu </li><li> Mikro forseps kullanarak, çevre dokulardan femoral onun adventisya tarafından arter ve ücretsiz pick up. Mikro forseps ve kavisli yuvarlak uçlu mikrofon ile bunubirbirinden doku çekerek ve bunun üzerinden keserek ro makas. Arter veya yan dalları koagüle. </li><li> femoral arter bağlanır ve 4/0 ipek sütür ile epigastrik damarların ortaya çıkmasına uzak ven. </li><li> femoral arter ve ven her birinde proksimal tek kelepçe yerleştirin. keskin bir düz mikro makas kullanılarak, epigastrik dalları ortaya çıkması her gemi distalinde kesilmiş temiz bir çapraz yapmak. gemilerin altında steril plastik kontrast arka plan yerleştirin. </li><li> Tüm kan lümeni kaldırılana kadar heparinize salin cömert miktarda şiddetle gemileri yıkayın. </li><li> operatif alana ven grefti getirin ve gerekirse adım 1.2.10 göre gemilerin uçlarından herhangi gereksiz adventisya kaldırın. </li><li> 10/0 naylon sütür ile hem mikrocerrahi anastomoz yaparlar. femoral ven ve femoral arter distal ucuna ven grefti proksimal ucunu anastomoz. Bu f kan akmasına izin verecekven greft içinde vanalar direniş olmadan venöz tarafına arteriyel rom. NOT: herhangi bir bükülme olmadan femur damarları ve doğal bir pozisyonda ven greft dinlenme emin olun. </li><li> anastomoz sitelerde hem de sızıntı olup olmadığını kontrol edin. Üstte yağ küçük bir parça yerleştirerek ve yavaşça 5-10 dakika sıkıştırarak kan anastomoz çıkan olmayan titreşimli benzeyen küçük sızıntıları çözmek. Hızla tüm alan sel büyük zonklayan sızıntı ek dikiş gerekir. </li><li> arteriovenöz döngü açıklığını kontrol edin. femoral arterin nazik tıkanma femoral ven aynı o engorge gerekir iken küçültmek yapmak gerekir. </li><li> katlanmış veya kırıksız doğal pozisyonunda ikinci dinlenme ile arteriovenöz döngü altında doku mühendisliği odasının tabanını yerleştirin. </li><li> 6/0 naylon sütür ile inguinal ligament ve altta yatan kas fasya odanın tabanını sabitleyin. </li><li> üzerinde kapak yerleştirinBaz femoral damarlar (odanın yan pencere) bir çentik içinden odasına girmek böylece. Kapağı kapatırken, bu bariyerler yerine arteriovenöz döngü tutmak için görevi odasının tabanı ve kapak arasında, epigastrik dalları yakalar emin olun. </li><li> Sürekli çalışan 4/0 ipek sütür artı iki veya üç ek basit kesintiye dikiş kullanarak yarayı kapatmak. </li><li> hayvan ısınma pad üzerinde anestezi kurtarmak için izin verin. </li><li> sternal yatma korumak için yeterli bilinci yerine kadar sahipsiz hayvan bırakmayın. Aynı şekilde, tamamen iyileşti kadar diğer hayvanların şirkete ameliyat geçirmiş bir hayvan dönmez. 24 saat sonra, analjezik olarak karprofen diğer tek doz (5 mg / kg, deri altına) tatbik. </li><li> 5 gün boyunca topikal antibiyotik merhem yara davranın. yara açılırsa, 1.1.5 ile adım 1.1.2 deki gibi hayvan uyutmak ve 1.3 olarak yarayı kapatmak0,14. günlük hayvan sağlığını izlemek. Hayvan inacitivity, iştahsızlık, kilo kaybı ve renk kaybından birden fazla orta belirtileri gösterirse (23 G iğne ile 0.25 ml 163 mg / kg) periton içine lethabarb enjeksiyon öldürücü bir doz ile hayvan öldürülür. </li></ol></li></ol> 2. Flow-through Pedikül Odası (Animal başına iki Chambers) <ol><li> Cerrahi Animal hazırlanması <ol><li> Tekrarlayın 1.1.4 ile 1.1.1 adımları. İki oda, bir tek sıçan iki kasık bölgelerine implante edilebilir. </li></ol></li><li> Femoral Gemiler izolasyonu ve Odası Yerleştirme <ol><li> Tekrarlayın 1.2.8 ile 1.2.1 adımları. </li><li> arter ve tamamen çevre dokulara ve dalları bağlandı kurtulan ven hem operatif alana odasına getirin. </li><li> bölme tabanı herhangi bir bükülme veya kıvrımlar vardır emin karşılık gelen yarık üzerinde sağlam femoral damarların her koyun. </li><li> attachi odacığı kapatıntabanına kapağı ng. Sürekli çalışan 4/0 ipek sütür artı iki veya üç ek basit kesintiye dikiş kullanarak yarayı kapatmak ve hayvan daha önce açıklandığı gibi kurtarmak için izin verir. </li></ol></li></ol> Türkiye Odalar ve Doku İşleme 3. Hasat <ol><li> Deneyin zaman noktalarında (4-6 hafta sonrası implantasyon) ulaşıldığında sonra, adım 1.1.2 deki gibi hayvan uyutmak ve 1.1.5 arasındaki adımları 1.1.3 tekrarlayın. </li><li> Bir 15. bıçak kullanarak yara açın ve bölme tamamen maruz kadar makasla dokular kesti. </li><li> sonra distal yönde kan süt, hafifçe iki mikroforcepslerle damarını tıkamak ve nihayet yakın forseps serbest: damar açıklığı için yapı ve test etmek için proksimal femoral damarlar Açığa. Tekne tekrar kanla dolarsa, bu açıklık doğruluyor. th durumunda hem proksimal ve distale arteriovenöz döngü halinde proksimale femoral damarlar ligateE akış yapılandırma ve en blok içeren doku ile odaları kaldırın. </li><li> Deneyin sonunda, (23 G iğne ile 0.25 ml 163 mg / kg) periton içine lethobarb enjeksiyon öldürücü bir doz ile hayvan euthanize. </li><li> 24 saat için oda sıcaklığında% 4 paraformaldehid içinde dokuların düzeltildi. (1-2 mm kalınlıkta) sırasıyla, parafin mumu ya da uygun kesme ısısı bileşiği parafin kesitler (5 um) veya dondurulmuş bölümleri (10 um) yerleştirmek, çok sayıda enine bölüme bölünür dokular. 3,4,8,17,22, 24 </li><li> Dokuların genel morfolojisi incelemek için böyle bir hematoksilen ve eozin gibi rutin histolojik boyama yapın. Kardiyomiyositlere için örnek cTnT&#39;nin immün için ilgi hücre tipini, 3,4,8,17,22,24,29 tanımlamak için spesifik antikor ile immunohistokimyasal boyama yapın. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Spiliopoulos, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Current+status+of+mechanical+circulatory+support:+A+systematic+review.">Current status of mechanical circulatory support: A systematic review.</a> Cardiol Res Pract. , 574198 (2012).</li><li>Hsu, P. L., Parker, J., Egger, C., Autschbach, R., Schmitz-Rode, T., Steinseifer, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+circulatory+support+for+right+heart+failure:+Current+technology+and+future+outlook.">Mechanical circulatory support for right heart failure: Current technology and future outlook.</a> Artif Organs. 36 (4), 332-347 (2012).</li><li>Lokmic, Z., Stillaert, F., Morrison, W. A., Thompson, E. W., Mitchell, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+arteriovenous+loop+in+a+protected+space+generates+a+permanent,+highly+vascular,+tissue-engineered+construct.">An arteriovenous loop in a protected space generates a permanent, highly vascular, tissue-engineered construct.</a> FASEB J. 21 (2), 511-522 (2007).</li><li>Morritt, A. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+tissue+engineering+in+an+in+vivo+vascularized+chamber.">Cardiac tissue engineering in an in vivo vascularized chamber.</a> Circulation. 115 (3), 353-360 (2007).</li><li>Tanaka, Y., Tsutsumi, A., Crowe, D. M., Tajima, S., Morrison, W. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+an+autologous+tissue+(matrix)+flap+by+combining+an+arteriovenous+shunt+loop+with+artificial+skin+in+rats:+preliminary+report.">Generation of an autologous tissue (matrix) flap by combining an arteriovenous shunt loop with artificial skin in rats: preliminary report.</a> B J Plast Surg. 53 (1), 51-57 (2000).</li><li>Cronin, K. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+murine+model+of+spontaneous+autologous+tissue+engineering,+combining+an+arteriovenous+pedicle+with+matrix+materials.">New murine model of spontaneous autologous tissue engineering, combining an arteriovenous pedicle with matrix materials.</a> Plast Reconstr Surg. 113 (1), 260-269 (2004).</li><li>Forster, N. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+prevascularized+tissue+engineering+chamber+supports+growth+and+function+of+islets+and+progenitor+cells+in+diabetic+mice.">A prevascularized tissue engineering chamber supports growth and function of islets and progenitor cells in diabetic mice.</a> Islets. 3 (5), 271-283 (2011).</li><li>Choi, Y. S., Matsuda, K., Dusting, G. J., Morrison, W. A., Dilley, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Engineering+cardiac+tissue+in+vivo+from+human+adipose-derived+stem+cells.">Engineering cardiac tissue in vivo from human adipose-derived stem cells.</a> Biomaterials. 31 (8), 2236-2242 (2010).</li><li>Jeyaraj, R., G, N., Kirby, G., Rajadas, J., Mosahebi, A., Seifalian, A. M., Tan, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vascularisation+in+regenerative+therapeutics+and+surgery.">Vascularisation in regenerative therapeutics and surgery.</a> Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 54, 225-238 (2015).</li><li>Dew, L., Macneil, S., Chong, C. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vascularization+strategies+for+tissue+engineers.">Vascularization strategies for tissue engineers.</a> Regen Med. 10 (2), 211-224 (2015).</li><li>Weigand, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acceleration+of+vascularized+bone+tissue-engineered+constructs+in+a+large+animal+model+combining+intrinsic+and+extrinsic+vascularization.">Acceleration of vascularized bone tissue-engineered constructs in a large animal model combining intrinsic and extrinsic vascularization.</a> Tissue Eng Part A. 21 (9-10), 1680-1694 (2015).</li><li>Vacanti, J. P., Langer, R., Upton, J., Marler, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transplantation+of+cells+in+matrices+for+tissue+regeneration.">Transplantation of cells in matrices for tissue regeneration.</a> Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 33 (1-2), 165-182 (1998).</li><li>Beahm, E. K., Walton, R. L., Patrick, C. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progress+in+adipose+tissue+construct+development.">Progress in adipose tissue construct development.</a> Clin Plast Surg. 30 (4), 547-558 (2003).</li><li>Vunjak-Novakovic, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Challenges+in+cardiac+tissue+engineering.">Challenges in cardiac tissue engineering.</a> Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 16 (2), 169-187 (2010).</li><li>Garcia, J. R., Garcia, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biomaterial-mediated+strategies+targeting+vascularization+for+bone+repair.">Biomaterial-mediated strategies targeting vascularization for bone repair.</a> Drug Deliv Transl Res. , (2015).</li><li>Forster, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expansion+and+hepatocytic+differentiation+of+liver+progenitor+cells+in+vivo+using+a+vascularized+tissue+engineering+chamber+in+mice.">Expansion and hepatocytic differentiation of liver progenitor cells in vivo using a vascularized tissue engineering chamber in mice.</a> Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 17 (3), 359-366 (2011).</li><li>Tilkorn, D. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Implanted+myoblast+survival+is+dependent+on+the+degree+of+vascularization+in+a+novel+delayed+implantation/prevascularization+tissue+engineering+model.">Implanted myoblast survival is dependent on the degree of vascularization in a novel delayed implantation/prevascularization tissue engineering model.</a> Tissue Eng Part A. 16 (1), 165-178 (2010).</li><li>Chang, Q., Lu, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+strategy+for+creating+a+large+amount+of+engineered+fat+tissue+with+an+axial+vascular+pedicle+and+a+prefabricated+scaffold.">A novel strategy for creating a large amount of engineered fat tissue with an axial vascular pedicle and a prefabricated scaffold.</a> Med hypotheses. 79 (2), 267-270 (2012).</li><li>Walton, R. L., Beahm, E. K., Wu, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=De+novo+adipose+formation+in+a+vascularized+engineered+construct.">De novo adipose formation in a vascularized engineered construct.</a> Microsurg. 24 (5), 378-384 (2004).</li><li>Debels, H., Gerrand, Y. W., Poon, C. J., Abberton, K. M., Morrison, W. A., Mitchell, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+adipogenic+gel+for+surgical+reconstruction+of+the+subcutaneous+fat+layer+in+a+rat+model.">An adipogenic gel for surgical reconstruction of the subcutaneous fat layer in a rat model.</a> J Tissue Eng Regen Med. , (2015).</li><li>Lokmic, Z., Mitchell, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Engineering+the+microcirculation.">Engineering the microcirculation.</a> Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 14 (1), 87-103 (2008).</li><li>Yap, K. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enhanced+liver+progenitor+cell+survival+and+differentiation+in+vivo+by+spheroid+implantation+in+a+vascularized+tissue+engineering+chamber.">Enhanced liver progenitor cell survival and differentiation in vivo by spheroid implantation in a vascularized tissue engineering chamber.</a> Biomaterials. 34 (16), 3992-4001 (2013).</li><li>Findlay, M. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue-engineered+breast+reconstruction:+Bridging+the+gap+toward+large-volume+tissue+engineering+in+humans.">Tissue-engineered breast reconstruction: Bridging the gap toward large-volume tissue engineering in humans.</a> Plast Reconstr Surg. 128 (6), 1206-1215 (2011).</li><li>Tee, R., Morrison, W. A., Dusting, G. J., Liu, G. S., Choi, Y. S., Hsiao, S. T., Dilley, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transplantation+of+engineered+cardiac+muscle+flaps+in+syngeneic+rats.">Transplantation of engineered cardiac muscle flaps in syngeneic rats.</a> Tissue Eng Part A. 18 (19-20), 1992-1999 (2012).</li><li>Dolderer, J. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+stability+of+adipose+tissue+generated+from+a+vascularized+pedicled+fat+flap+inside+a+chamber.">Long-term stability of adipose tissue generated from a vascularized pedicled fat flap inside a chamber.</a> Plast Reconstr Surg. 127 (6), 2283-2292 (2011).</li><li>Sekine, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endothelial+cell+coculture+within+tissue-engineered+cardiomyocyte+sheets+enhances+neovascularization+and+improves+cardiac+function+of+ischemic+hearts.">Endothelial cell coculture within tissue-engineered cardiomyocyte sheets enhances neovascularization and improves cardiac function of ischemic hearts.</a> Circulation. 118, 145-152 (2008).</li><li>Ting, A. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+adipogenic+potential+of+various+extracellular+matrices+under+the+influence+of+an+angiogenic+growth+factor+combination+in+a+mouse+tissue+engineering+chamber.">The adipogenic potential of various extracellular matrices under the influence of an angiogenic growth factor combination in a mouse tissue engineering chamber.</a> Acta Biomater. 10 (5), 1907-1918 (2014).</li><li>Zhan, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Self-synthesized+extracellular+matrix+contributes+to+mature+adipose+tissue+regeneration+in+a+tissue+engineering+chamber.">Self-synthesized extracellular matrix contributes to mature adipose tissue regeneration in a tissue engineering chamber.</a> Wound Repair Regen. 23 (3), 443-452 (2015).</li><li>Messina, A., Bortolotto, S. K., Cassell, O. C., Kelly, J., Abberton, K. M., Morrison, W. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+a+vascularized+organoid+using+skeletal+muscle+as+the+inductive+source.">Generation of a vascularized organoid using skeletal muscle as the inductive source.</a> FASEB J. 19 (11), 1570-1572 (2005).</li><li>Lim, S. Y., Hern&#225;ndez, D., Dusting, G. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Growing+vascularized+heart+tissue+from+stem+cells.">Growing vascularized heart tissue from stem cells.</a> J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 62 (2), 122-129 (2013).</li><li>Poon, C. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+of+an+adipogenic+hydrogel+from+subcutaneous+adipose+tissue.">Preparation of an adipogenic hydrogel from subcutaneous adipose tissue.</a> Acta Biomater. 9 (3), 5609-5620 (2013).</li><li>Dilley, R. J., Morrison, W. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vascularisation+to+improve+translational+potential+of+tissue+engineering+systems+for+cardiac+repair.">Vascularisation to improve translational potential of tissue engineering systems for cardiac repair.</a> Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 56, 38-46 (2014).</li><li>Lesman, A., Koffler, J., Atlas, R., Blinder, Y. J., Kam, Z., Levenberg, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Engineering+vessel-like+networks+within+multicellular+fibrin-based+constructs.">Engineering vessel-like networks within multicellular fibrin-based constructs.</a> Biomaterials. 32 (31), 7856-7869 (2011).</li><li>Hussey, A. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Seeding+of+pancreatic+islets+into+prevascularized+tissue+engineering+chambers.">Seeding of pancreatic islets into prevascularized tissue engineering chambers.</a> Tissue Eng Part A. 15 (12), 3823-3833 (2009).</li><li>Chen, X., Aledia, A. S., Popson, S. A., Him, L., Hughes, C. C., George, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+anastomosis+of+endothelial+progenitor+cell-derived+vessels+with+host+vasculature+is+promoted+by+a+high+density+of+cotransplanted+fibroblasts.">Rapid anastomosis of endothelial progenitor cell-derived vessels with host vasculature is promoted by a high density of cotransplanted fibroblasts.</a> Tissue Eng Part A. 16 (2), 585-594 (2010).</li><li>Lin, R. Z., Melero-Martin, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fibroblast+growth+factor-2+facilitates+rapid+anastomosis+formation+between+bioengineered+human+vascular+networks+and+living+vasculature.">Fibroblast growth factor-2 facilitates rapid anastomosis formation between bioengineered human vascular networks and living vasculature.</a> Methods. 56 (3), 440-451 (2012).</li><li>Dolderer, J. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spontaneous+large+volume+adipose+tissue+generation+from+a+vascularized+pedicled+fat+flap+inside+a+chamber+space.">Spontaneous large volume adipose tissue generation from a vascularized pedicled fat flap inside a chamber space.</a> Tissue Eng. 13 (4), 673-681 (2007).</li><li>Wei, F. C., Lin Tay, S. K., Neligan, P. C., Gurtner, G. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Principles+and+techniques+of+microvascular+surgery.">Principles and techniques of microvascular surgery.</a> Plastic Surgery. Volume 1. , 587-620 (2013).</li><li>Sekine, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+fabrication+of+functional+three-dimensional+tissues+with+perfusable+blood+vessels.">In vitro fabrication of functional three-dimensional tissues with perfusable blood vessels.</a> Nat.Comm. 4 (1399), 1-10 (2013).</li><li>Lim, S. Y., Sivakumaran, P., Crombie, D. E., Dusting, G. J., P&#233;bay, A., Dilley, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trichostatin+A+enhances+differentiation+of+human+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+to+cardiogenic+cells+for+cardiac+tissue+engineering.">Trichostatin A enhances differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells to cardiogenic cells for cardiac tissue engineering.</a> Stem Cells Transl Med. 2 (9), 715-725 (2013).</li><li>Lim, S. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+tissue+engineering+chamber+supports+human+induced+pluripotent+stem+cell+survival+and+rapid+differentiation.">In vivo tissue engineering chamber supports human induced pluripotent stem cell survival and rapid differentiation.</a> Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 422 (1), 75-79 (2012).</li><li>Piao, Y., Hung, S. S., Lim, S. Y., Wong, R. C., Ko, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+generation+of+integration-free+human+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+keratinocytes+by+simple+transfection+of+episomal+vectors.">Efficient generation of integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells from keratinocytes by simple transfection of episomal vectors.</a> Stem Cells Transl Med. 3 (7), 787-791 (2014).</li></ol>

Yazarlar herhangi bir çıkar çatışması beyan ederim.

mikrosirkülasyonun Mühendislik anda iki yaklaşımlarla esasen araştırılmaktadır. Implante edildiğinde, böylece ilk konak vasküler yataktan kılcal damarlar olanlar ile bağlantı, in vitro yapı içinde son derece birbirine damar ağı geliştirme içerir ve böylece besinlerin teslimat sağlanması, bir süreç olarak adlandırılan kaynaştırma yoluyla inşa nakledilen sadece çevresine değil Ayrıca, çekirdek. 21,32,33 Bu ön-vaskülarizasyon olarak adlandırılır. Bu kılcal filizle...

Rejeneratif tıpta ortaya çıkan bir paradigma, bir doku mühendisliği yaklaşımı kullanılarak fonksiyonel vaskülarize doku olduğunu imalatı. 1,2 Birçok yaklaşımlar yaralı doku veya kusurlu organların değiştirilmesi için yeni ve sağlıklı doku mühendisi, 3-6 deneysel küçük hayvan modelleri ile geliştirilmiştir umut verici bir klinik potansiyeli. 7,8 Ancak, damarlanma klinik olarak anlamlı büyüklükte dokuları büyümeye potansiyelini sınırlayan doku mühendisliği için büyük zorluklardan biri olmaya devam ediyor. 9 Güncel yaklaşımlar yeni gemiler alıcı vasküler yataktan büyüdüğü bir dışsal yolu ya izleyin doku vaskülarize ve implant doku 10 veya damar büyür ve yeni gelişen doku ile uyum içinde genişleyen bir içsel vaskülarizasyon yolu yapıları boyunca işgal etmeye. 11 dışsal yaklaşım geleneksel olarak, bir yapı iskelesi üzerinde tohumlama hücreleri kapsarin vitro ve besinler, önceden kültür medya tarafından verilen beklentisi ile yaşayan hayvana tam yapı yerleştirilmesi de, damar büyümesi çok yavaş ve sadece çok ince implantlar (as 12,13 kavram basittir. dolaşımdan kaynaklanan &lt;edilecek 1-2 mm kalınlığında) canlı kalacaktır. Yeterli ve hızlı damarlanma yoluyla besin ve oksijen sağlayan kemik, kas, yağ ve katı organları gibi daha karmaşık ve daha büyük doku mühendisliği yerine geçen büyümek için herhangi bir başarılı girişimleri kalbidir. 14,15 İçsel vaskülarizasyon için potansiyel sunmaktadır daha büyük yapılar genişleyen kan akımı ile orantılı ilerleyici doku büyümesi geliştirmektir. Bir tasarım ile ya da bir hücre numaralı seribaşı iskele olmadan vasküler pedikül bir odasına in vivo implantasyon olduğunu. Bu kalın özünde vaskülarize dokuların üretimi için yeni yöntemlere yol açmıştır 5,6. 16,17 &lt;/ P&gt; Daha yakın zamanlarda, stratejiler İmplantasyondan önce doku greftleri,-vaskülarize ön geliştirilmiştir. Bu anonim kan damarı ağları nakledilen kalın doku grefti tüm parçaları hayatta geliştirmek için bir tam kan kaynağının hızlı sağlanması için izin implantasyon konakçı gemileri ile birleşmek amaçlanmıştır. 18 Bir perfüze vasküler pedikül ve hücre-ihtiva eden biyo materyaller ihtiva eden bir deri altından implante yarı sert kapalı bölme içeren küçük hayvanlarda in vivo vaskülarize doku mühendisliği modeli öncülük etmiştir. Odacık implante gemilerin anjiyojenik filizlenme uyaran bir iskemik bir ortam oluşturur. 3 damar pedikül bir yeniden arteriovenöz döngü veya sağlam bir akış arter ve ven olabilir ya. 3-6,19 Bu damar pedikül filizleri işleyen ve kapsamlı arterden Her iki sanatta bağlantılar -capillary-venöz ağeriole ve venöz vasküler pedikül ile sona erer. 3,20 Dahası, çevredeki boş destek odası vaskülarizasyon geliştirmek için. 3,21,22 damar pedikül sadece içine implante ise potansiyel olarak mekanik kuvvetleri deforme gelişen dokuları korur ve iskemik sürücü uzatır normal doku ve odasının korumalı alanı içinde, anjiyojenik filizlenme normal yara ve pedikül etrafında birikir yeni doku olarak aynı zaman çizelgesi boyunca durur. Araştırmacılar ve klinik olarak önemli büyüklükte destek damar üç boyutlu fonksiyonel vaskülarize doku yapıları üretmek için bu in vivo konfigürasyonu kullanmaktadır. 4,23 Bunun yanında bozulmamış vasküler pedikül tasarlayıp vaskülarize doku yapıları yaralanma yerinde daha sonra transplantasyon için hasat edilebilir . bir klinik olarak daha uygun senaryo yeniden s için kesin yerinde odasını oluşturmak olacaktır 24,25meme olarak uch. Bu nedenle, bu de novo doku mühendisliği yaklaşımıyla rekonstrüktif cerrahi için işlevsel bir hedef doku, yeni bir kaynak sağlamak için klinik bir potansiyele sahip olabilir. 26-28 Aşağıdaki protokol, farklı hayvan modellerinde uyarlanmış ve anjiyojenez, matriks üretim ve hücre göçü ve farklılaşmasının karmaşık işlemlerini incelemek için kullanılabilir olabilir sıçan, bir in vivo vaskülarize doku mühendisliği bölmeyi oluşturmak için genel bir kılavuz sağlar.

<table><tbody><tr><td>1 15 Blade Scalpel</td><td>Braun</td><td>BB515</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1 Toothed Adson Forceps</td><td>Braun</td><td>BD527R</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1 Needle Holder</td><td>Braun</td><td>BM201R</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1 Bipolar Coagulator&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Braun</td><td>US335</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1 Micro Needle Holder B-15-8.3</td><td>S &amp;amp; T</td><td>00763</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1 Micro Dilator Forceps D-5a.2</td><td>S &amp;amp; T</td><td>00125</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1 Micro Jeweler&#039;s Forceps JF-5</td><td>S &amp;amp; T</td><td>00108</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1 Micro Scissors - Straight SAS-11</td><td>S &amp;amp; T</td><td>00098</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1 Micro Scissors - Curved SDC-11</td><td>S &amp;amp; T</td><td>00090</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2 Single Clamps B-3</td><td>S &amp;amp; T</td><td>00400</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2 10/0 nylon suture</td><td>S &amp;amp; T</td><td>03199</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1 6/0 nylon suture</td><td>Braun</td><td>G2095469</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2 4/0 Silk Sutures</td><td>Braun</td><td>C0760145</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Xilocaine 1%</td><td>Dealmed</td><td>150733</td><td>10 mg/ml</td></tr><tr><td>Heparin Sodium</td><td>Dealmed</td><td>272301</td><td>5,000 UI/ml</td></tr><tr><td>Ringer Lactate</td><td>Baxter</td><td>JB2323</td><td>500 ml</td></tr><tr><td>1 dome-shaped tissue engineering chamber</td><td>custom made</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1 flow-through chamber</td><td>custom made</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lectin I, Griffonia Simplicifolia&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Vector Laboratories</td><td>B-1105</td><td>1.67 &amp;mu;g/ml</td></tr><tr><td>Troponin T antibody</td><td>Abcam</td><td>Ab8295</td><td>4 &amp;mu;g/ml</td></tr><tr><td>Human-specific Ku80 antibody</td><td>Abcam</td><td>Ab80592</td><td>0.06 &amp;mu;g/ml</td></tr><tr><td>Desmin antibody</td><td>Dako</td><td>M0760</td><td>2.55 &amp;mu;g/ml</td></tr><tr><td>Cell Tracker CM-DiI dye</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>C-7000</td><td>3 mg/10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; cells</td></tr><tr><td>Lethabarb (sodium pentobarbitone)</td><td><a href="www.virbac.com.au" target="_blank"><img src="/img/new_window.png" /> Virbac Animal Health</a></td><td>LETHA450</td><td>325 mg/ml</td></tr><tr><td>Heat pad flexible</td><td><a href="http://www.redzoneheating.com.au" target="_blank"><img src="/img/new_window.png" /> Redzone Heating</a></td><td>RZ/Medium</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

tissue engineering by intrinsic vascularization in an in vivo tissue engineering chamber

rekonstrüktif cerrahi olarak, başka bir karmaşık, pahalı ve ticari bir kusur, otolog yeniden geçerli yöntemlere alternatif için klinik bir ihtiyaç vardır. Doku mühendisliği bu artan talebi karşılamak için umut vaat ediyor. Ancak, çoğu doku mühendisliği stratejileri nedeniyle zayıf vaskülarizasyon kararlı ve işlevsel doku yerine geçen oluşturmak için başarısız. Bu kağıt bir perfüze arter ve ven ya bir arteriovenöz döngü veya bir akış pedikül yapılandırması olarak korunan bir oyuk odasının içine yönlendirilir içsel vaskülarizasyon in vivo doku mühendisliği odası modeli üzerinde duruluyor. Bu bölme tabanlı sistemde anjiyogenik filizlenme arteriyovenöz gemilerden oluşuyor ve bu sistem yavaş yavaş fibro-damar dokusu ile oda boşluğu doldurur tahrik iskemik ve inflamatuar endojen hücre göçü çekiyor. Eksojen hücre / bölme yapımı sırasında matriks implantasyon hücre sur artırırVival geliştirmek ve mühendislik doku özgüllüğünü belirler. Çalışmalarımız Bu bölme modeli başarıyla bu yağ, kalp kası, karaciğer ve diğer farklı dokular üretmek göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, modifikasyon ve iyileştirmeler formasyonu istikrarlı ve tekrar üretilebilir, hedef doku sağlamak için gereklidir. Bu makalede, in vivo olarak iki farklı vaskülarize doku mühendisliği odası modelleri imalatı için standart bir protokol tanımlamaktadır.

Yukarıda protokolde tarif edildiği gibi doku mühendisliği odaları mikrocerrahi oluşturma uygulandı. Odaları içinde oluşturulan Dokular 3. Çeşitli doku tipleri başarıyla in vivo vaskülarize odasını (Şekil 2) kullanılarak tasarlanmış olan protokol adımında tarif histolojik olarak incelenebilir. Bu yenidoğan sıçan kardiyomiyositlerde (Şekil 2A), adipoz doku, hücre dışı matris (Şekil 2C) elde edilen h...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Tissue Engineering by Intrinsic Vascularization in an In Vivo Tissue Engineering Chamber at JoVE.com

Tissue Engineering by Intrinsic Vascularization in an In Vivo Tissue Engineering Chamber

This is a guideline for constructing in vivo vascularized tissue using a microsurgical arteriovenous loop or a flow-through pedicle configuration inside a tissue engineering chamber. The vascularized tissues generated can be employed for organ regeneration and replacement of tissue defects, as well as for drug testing and disease modeling.

Bir ıntrinsic Vaskülarizasyon tarafından Doku Mühendisliği<em&gt; İn Vivo</em&gt; Doku Mühendisliği Odası

In reconstructive surgery, there is a clinical need for an alternative to the current methods of autologous reconstruction which are complex, costly and ...

tissue-engineering-intrinsic-vascularization-an-vivo-tissue

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Tissue Engineering by Intrinsic Vascularization in an In Vivo Tissue Engineering Chamber

8.8K Görüntüleme.  St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research. This is a guideline for constructing in vivo vascularized tissue using a microsurgical arteriovenous loop or a flow-through pedicle configuration inside a tissue engineering chamber. The vascularized tissues generated can be employed for organ regeneration and replacement of tissue defects, as well as for drug testing and disease modeling. 

Video: Tissue Engineering by Intrinsic Vascularization in an In Vivo Tissue Engineering Chamber

Engineering Biological-Based Vascular Grafts Using a Pulsatile Bioreactor

Much effort has been devoted to develop and advance the methodology to regenerate functional small-diameter arterial bypasses. In the physiological environment, both mechanical and chemical stimulation are required to maintain the proper development and functionality of arterial vessels1,2.
Bioreactor culture systems developed by our group are designed to support vessel regeneration within a precisely controlled chemo-mechanical environment mimicking that of native vessels. Our bioreactor assembly and maintenance procedures are fairly simple and highly repeatable3,4. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are seeded onto a tubular polyglycolic acid (PGA) mesh that is threaded over compliant silicone tubing and cultured in the bioreactor with or without pulsatile stimulation for up to 12 weeks. There are four main attributes that distinguish our bioreactor from some predecessors. 1) Unlike other culture systems that simulate only the biochemical surrounding of native blood vessels, our bioreactor also creates a physiological pulsatile environment by applying cyclic radial strain to the vessels in culture. 2) Multiple engineered vessels can be cultured simultaneously under different mechanical conditions within a controlled chemical environment. 3) The bioreactor allows a mono layer of endothelial cells (EC) to be easily coated onto the luminal side of engineered vessels for animal implantation models. 4) Our bioreactor can also culture engineered vessels with different diameter size ranged from 1 mm to 3 mm, saving the effort to tailor each individual bioreactor to fit a specific diameter size. 
The engineered vessels cultured in our bioreactor resemble native blood vessels histologically to some degree. Cells in the vessel walls express mature SMC contractile markers such as smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC)3. A substantial amount of collagen is deposited within the extracellular matrix, which is responsible for ultimate mechanical strength of the engineered vessels5. Biochemical analysis also indicates that collagen content of engineered vessels is comparable to that of native arteries6. Importantly, the pulsatile bioreactor has consistently regenerated vessels that exhibit mechanical properties that permit successful implantation experiments in animal models3,7. Additionally, this bioreactor can be further modified to allow real-time assessment and tracking of collagen remodeling over time, non-invasively, using a non-linear optical microscopy (NLOM)8. To conclude, this bioreactor should serve as an excellent platform to study the fundamental mechanisms that regulate the regeneration of functional small-diameter vascular grafts.

Our group has developed a bioreactor culture system that mimics the physiological pulsatile stresses of the cardiovascular system to regenerate implantable small-diameter vascular grafts.

Pulsatif Biyoreaktör kullanarak Mühendislik Biyolojik Tabanlı Vasküler Greftler

Much effort has been devoted to develop and advance the methodology to regenerate functional small-diameter arterial bypasses. In the physiological ...

Biyomühendislik

Tissue Engineering of a Human 3D in vitro Tumor Test System

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Current therapeutic strategies are predominantly developed in 2D culture systems, which inadequately reflect physiological conditions in vivo. Biological 3D matrices provide cells an environment in which cells can self-organize, allowing the study of tissue organization and cell differentiation. Such scaffolds can be seeded with a mixture of different cell types to study direct 3D cell-cell-interactions. To mimic the 3D complexity of cancer tumors, our group has developed a 3D in vitro tumor test system.	
	Our 3D tissue test system models the in vivo situation of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), which we established with our decellularized porcine jejunal segment derived biological vascularized scaffold (BioVaSc). In our model, we reseeded a modified BioVaSc matrix with primary fibroblasts, microvascular endothelial cells (mvECs) and the S462 tumor cell line. For static culture, the vascular structure of the BioVaSc is removed and the remaining scaffold is cut open on one side (Small Intestinal Submucosa SIS-Muc). The resulting matrix is then fixed between two metal rings (cell crowns).	
	Another option is to culture the cell-seeded SIS-Muc in a flow bioreactor system that exposes the cells to shear stress. Here, the bioreactor is connected to a peristaltic pump in a self-constructed incubator. A computer regulates the arterial oxygen and nutrient supply via parameters such as blood pressure, temperature, and flow rate. This setup allows for a dynamic culture with either pressure-regulated pulsatile or constant flow.	
	In this study, we could successfully establish both a static and dynamic 3D culture system for MPNSTs. The ability to model cancer tumors in a more natural 3D environment will enable the discovery, testing, and validation of future pharmaceuticals in a human-like model.

Tissue Engineering of a Human 3D in vitro Tumor Test System

Methods to create human 3D tumor tissues as test systems are described. These technologies are based on a decellularized Biological Vascularized Scaffold (BioVaSc), primary human cells and a tumor cell line, which can be cultured under static as well as under dynamic conditions in a flow bioreactor.

İnsan 3D Doku Mühendisliği<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; Tümör Test Sistemi

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.  Current therapeutic strategies are predominantly developed in 2D culture  systems, which ...

A Full Skin Defect Model to Evaluate Vascularization of Biomaterials In Vivo

Insufficient vascularization is considered to be one of the main factors limiting the clinical success of tissue-engineered constructs. In order to evaluate new strategies that aim at improving vascularization, reliable methods are required to make the in-growth of new blood vessels into bio-artificial scaffolds visible and quantify the results. Over the past couple of years, our group has introduced a full skin defect model that enables the direct visualization of blood vessels by transillumination and provides the possibility of quantification through digital segmentation. In this model, one surgically creates full skin defects in the back of mice and replaces them with the material tested. Molecules or cells of interest can also be incorporated in such materials to study their potential effect. After an observation time of one&#8217;s own choice, materials are explanted for evaluation. Bilateral wounds provide the possibility of making internal comparisons that minimize artifacts among individuals as well as of decreasing the number of animals needed for the study. In comparison to other approaches, our method offers a simple, reliable and cost effective analysis. We have implemented this model as a routine tool to perform high-resolution screening when testing vascularization of different biomaterials and bio-activation approaches.

A Full Skin Defect Model to Evaluate Vascularization of Biomaterials In Vivo

Vascularization is key to approaches in successful tissue engineering. Therefore, reliable technologies are required to evaluate the development of vascular networks in tissue-constructs. Here we present a simple and cost-effective method to visualize and quantify vascularization in vivo.

A Tam Cilt Hata Modeli Biyomateryallerin vaskülarizasyonunu değerlendirin<em&gt; In Vivo</em

Insufficient vascularization is considered to be one of the main factors limiting the clinical success of tissue-engineered constructs. In order to ...

Generation and Grafting of Tissue-engineered Vessels in a Mouse Model

The construction of vascular conduits is a fundamental strategy for surgical repair of damaged and injured vessels resulting from cardiovascular diseases. The current protocol presents an efficient and reproducible strategy in which functional tissue engineered vessel grafts can be generated using partially induced pluripotent stem cell (PiPSC) from human fibroblasts. We designed a decellularized vessel scaffold bioreactor, which closely mimics the matrix protein structure and blood flow that exists within a native vessel, for seeding of PiPSC-endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells prior to grafting into mice. This approach was demonstrated to be advantageous because immune-deficient mice engrafted with the PiPSC-derived grafts presented with markedly increased survival rate 3 weeks after surgery. This protocol represents a valuable tool for regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and potentially patient-specific cell-therapy in the near future.

Here, we present a protocol to generate tissue engineered vessel grafts that are functional for grafting into mice by double seeding partially induced pluripotent stem cell (PiPSC) - derived smooth muscle cells and PiPSC - derived endothelial cells on a decellularized vessel scaffold bioreactor.

Bir Fare Modeli Doku mühendisliği Kapların Üretimi ve Tırnak

The construction of vascular conduits is a fundamental strategy for surgical repair of damaged and injured vessels resulting from cardiovascular diseases. ...

Engineering 3D Cellularized Collagen Gels for Vascular Tissue Regeneration

Synthetic materials are known to initiate clinical complications such as inflammation, stenosis, and infections when implanted as vascular substitutes. Collagen has been extensively used for a wide range of biomedical applications and is considered a valid alternative to synthetic materials due to its inherent biocompatibility (i.e., low antigenicity, inflammation, and cytotoxic responses). However, the limited mechanical properties and the related low hand-ability of collagen gels have hampered their use as scaffold materials for vascular tissue engineering. Therefore, the rationale behind this work was first to engineer cellularized collagen gels into a tubular-shaped geometry and second to enhance smooth muscle cells driven reorganization of collagen matrix to obtain tissues stiff enough to be handled.
The strategy described here is based on the direct assembling of collagen and smooth muscle cells (construct) in a 3D cylindrical geometry with the use of a molding technique. This process requires a maturation period, during which the constructs are cultured in a bioreactor under static conditions (without applied external dynamic mechanical constraints) for 1 or 2 weeks. The &#8220;static bioreactor&#8221; provides a monitored and controlled sterile environment (pH, temperature, gas exchange, nutrient supply and waste removal) to the constructs. During culture period, thickness measurements were performed to evaluate the cells-driven remodeling of the collagen matrix, and glucose consumption and lactate production rates were measured to monitor the cells metabolic activity. Finally, mechanical and viscoelastic properties were assessed for the resulting tubular constructs. To this end, specific protocols and a focused know-how (manipulation, gripping, working in hydrated environment, and so on) were developed to characterize the engineered tissues.

In this work, we present a technique for the rapid fabrication of living vascular tissues by direct culturing of collagen, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. In addition, a new protocol for the mechanical characterization of engineered vascular tissues is described.

Vasküler Doku Rejenerasyon için Mühendislik 3D cellularized Kollajen jeller

Synthetic materials are known to initiate clinical complications such as inflammation, stenosis, and infections when implanted as vascular substitutes. ...

Micropatterning and Assembly of 3D Microvessels

In vitro platforms to study endothelial cells and vascular biology are largely limited to 2D endothelial cell culture, flow chambers with polymer or glass based substrates, and hydrogel-based tube formation assays. These assays, while informative, do not recapitulate lumen geometry, proper extracellular matrix, and multi-cellular proximity, which play key roles in modulating vascular function. This manuscript describes an injection molding method to generate engineered vessels with diameters on the order of 100 &#181;m. Microvessels are fabricated by seeding endothelial cells in a microfluidic channel embedded within a native type I collagen hydrogel. By incorporating parenchymal cells within the collagen matrix prior to channel formation, specific tissue microenvironments can be modeled and studied. Additional modulations of hydrodynamic properties and media composition allow for control of complex vascular function within the desired microenvironment. This platform allows for the study of perivascular cell recruitment, blood-endothelium interactions, flow response, and tissue-microvascular interactions. Engineered microvessels offer the ability to isolate the influence from individual components of a vascular niche and precisely control its chemical, mechanical, and biological properties to study vascular biology in both health and disease.

This manuscript presents an injection molding method to engineer microvessels that recapitulate physiological properties of endothelium. The microfluidic-based process creates patent 3D vascular networks with tailorable conditions, such as flow, cellular composition, geometry, and biochemical gradients. The fabrication process and examples of potential applications are described.

Micropatterning ve 3D mikrodamarlar Meclisi

In vitro platforms to study endothelial cells and vascular biology are largely limited to 2D endothelial cell culture, flow chambers with polymer or glass ...

The Arteriovenous (AV) Loop in a Small Animal Model to Study Angiogenesis and Vascularized Tissue Engineering

A functional blood vessel network is a prerequisite for the survival and growth of almost all tissues and organs in the human body. Moreover, in pathological situations such as cancer, vascularization plays a leading role in disease progression. Consequently, there is a strong need for a standardized and well-characterized in vivo model in order to elucidate the mechanisms of neovascularization and develop different vascularization approaches for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
We describe a microsurgical approach for a small animal model for induction of a vascular axis consisting of a vein and artery that are anastomosed to an arteriovenous (AV) loop. The AV loop is transferred to an enclosed implantation chamber to create an isolated microenvironment in vivo, which is connected to the living organism only by means of the vascular axis. Using 3D imaging (MRI, micro-CT) and immunohistology, the growing vasculature can be visualized over time. By implanting different cells, growth factors and matrices, their function in blood vessel network formation can be analyzed without any disturbing influences from the surroundings in a well controllable environment. 
In addition to angiogenesis and antiangiogenesis studies, the AV loop model is also perfectly suited for engineering vascularized tissues. After a certain prevascularization time, the generated tissues can be transplanted into the defect site and microsurgically connected to the local vessels, thereby ensuring immediate blood supply and integration of the engineered tissue. By varying the matrices, cells, growth factors and chamber architecture, it is possible to generate various tissues, which can then be tailored to the individual patient's needs.

The Arteriovenous AV Loop in a Small Animal Model to Study Angiogenesis and Vascularized Tissue Engineering

We describe a microsurgical approach for the generation of an arteriovenous (AV) loop as a model for analyzing vascularization in vivo in an isolated and well-characterized environment. This model is not only useful for the investigation of angiogenesis, but is also optimally suited for engineering axially vascularized and transplantable tissues.

Bir Küçük Hayvan Modelinde Arteriovenöz (AV) Döngü Anjiogenez ve Vaskülarize Doku Mühendisliği Eğitim için

A functional blood vessel network is a prerequisite for the survival and growth of almost all tissues and organs in the human body. Moreover, in ...

Microfluidic Bioprinting for Engineering Vascularized Tissues and Organoids

Engineering vascularized tissue constructs and organoids has been historically challenging. Here we describe a novel method based on microfluidic bioprinting to generate a scaffold with multilayer interlacing hydrogel microfibers. To achieve smooth bioprinting, a core-sheath microfluidic printhead containing a composite bioink formulation extruded from the core flow and the crosslinking solution carried by the sheath flow, was designed and fitted onto the bioprinter. By blending gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with alginate, a polysaccharide that undergoes instantaneous ionic crosslinking in the presence of select divalent ions, followed by a secondary photocrosslinking of the GelMA component to achieve permanent stabilization, a microfibrous scaffold could be obtained using this bioprinting strategy. Importantly, the endothelial cells encapsulated inside the bioprinted microfibers can form the lumen-like structures resembling the vasculature over the course of culture for 16 days. The endothelialized microfibrous scaffold may be further used as a vascular bed to construct a vascularized tissue through subsequent seeding of the secondary cell type into the interstitial space of the microfibers. Microfluidic bioprinting provides a generalized strategy in convenient engineering of vascularized tissues at high fidelity.

We provide a generalized protocol based on a microfluidic bioprinting strategy for engineering a microfibrous vascular bed, where a secondary cell type could be further seeded into the interstitial space of this microfibrous structure to generate vascularized tissues and organoids.

Mikrosıvısal Bioprinting mühendisliği için doku ve Organoids skarların

Engineering vascularized tissue constructs and organoids has been historically challenging. Here we describe a novel method based on microfluidic ...

Bioengineering Human Microvascular Networks in Immunodeficient Mice

The future of tissue engineering and cell-based therapies for tissue regeneration will likely rely on our ability to generate functional vascular networks in vivo. In this regard, the search for experimental models to build blood vessel networks in vivo is of utmost importance 1. The feasibility of bioengineering microvascular networks in vivo was first shown using human tissue-derived mature endothelial cells (ECs) 2-4; however, such autologous endothelial cells present problems for wide clinical use, because they are difficult to obtain in sufficient quantities and require harvesting from existing vasculature. These limitations have instigated the search for other sources of ECs. The identification of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) in blood presented an opportunity to non-invasively obtain ECs 5-7. We and other authors have shown that adult and cord blood-derived ECFCs have the capacity to form functional vascular networks in vivo 7-11. Importantly, these studies have also shown that to obtain stable and durable vascular networks, ECFCs require co-implantation with perivascular cells. The assay we describe here illustrates this concept: we show how human cord blood-derived ECFCs can be combined with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a single cell suspension in a collagen/fibronectin/fibrinogen gel to form a functional human vascular network within 7 days after implantation into an immunodeficient mouse. The presence of human ECFC-lined lumens containing host erythrocytes can be seen throughout the implants indicating not only the formation (de novo) of a vascular network, but also the development of functional anastomoses with the host circulatory system. This murine model of bioengineered human vascular network is ideally suited for studies on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of human vascular network formation and for the development of strategies to vascularize engineered tissues.

Here, we describe a methodology to deliver human cord blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embedded in a collagen/fibronectin gel, subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. This cell/gel combination generates a human vascular network that connects with the mouse vasculature.

Bağışık yetmezliği olan farelere Biyomühendislik İnsan Mikrovasküler Ağları

The future of tissue engineering and cell-based therapies for tissue regeneration will likely rely on our ability to generate functional vascular networks ...

Biyoloji

Core/shell Printing Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering Of Tubular Structures

Three-dimensional (3D) printing of core/shell filaments allows direct fabrication of channel structures with a stable shell that is cross-linked at the interface with a liquid core. The latter is removed post-printing, leaving behind a hollow tube. Integrating an additive manufacturing technique (like the one described here with tailor-made [bio]inks, which structurally and biochemically mimic the native extracellular matrix [ECM]) is an important step towards advanced tissue engineering. However, precise fabrication of well-defined structures requires tailored fabrication strategies optimized for the material in use. Therefore, it is sensible to begin with a set-up that is customizable, simple-to-use, and compatible with a broad spectrum of materials and applications. This work presents an easy-to-manufacture core/shell nozzle with luer-compatibility to explore core/shell printing of woodpile structures, tested with a well-defined, alginate-based scaffold material formulation.

Presented here is a simple-to-use, core/shell, three-dimensional bioprinting set-up for one-step fabrication of hollow scaffolds, suitable for tissue engineering of vascular and other tubular structures.

Boru yapıları doku mühendisliği için Çekirdek / kabuk Baskı İskeleler

Three-dimensional (3D) printing of core/shell filaments allows direct fabrication of channel structures with a stable shell that is cross-linked at the ...

Bir ıntrinsic Vaskülarizasyon tarafından Doku Mühendisliği

Özet

Daha Fazla Video Keşfet

Bu videodaki bölümler