Name: a rapid filter insert-based 3d culture system for primary prostate cell differentiation
Uploaded: 2017-02-13T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Rapid Filter Insert-based 3D Culture System for Primary Prostate Cell Differentiation at JoVE.com

This research was supported by T32(CA 9686-18) and TL1 (TL1TR001431) postdoctoral training grant awards (LT), DOD PC140268 (CA), W81XWH-13-1-0327 (CA) TR000102-04 (CA) as well as U01 PAR-12-095 (Kumar) and P30 CA051008-21 (Weiner). Sample fixation, sectioning and staining was performed in the Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Histology and Tissue Shared Resource. We thank Richard Schlegel for helpful discussions. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Cancer Institute or the National Institutes of Health.

1. Establishment of the 3D Cell Culture Insert System
<ol>
	<li>Place 2 polycarbonate cell culture inserts in an inverted orientation (filter side up) down in a 6 well plate (Figure 1A).</li>
	<li>Apply a thin layer of 0.1% gelatin in water to the bottom side of the insert and allow to dry (10-20 min) in a biological safety cabinet to maintain sterility.</li>
	<li>Repeat step 1.2 two more times for a total of 3 applications of 0.1% gelatin on the inserts. 
	NOTE: The gelatin coating will help limi...

<ol>
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A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+keratinocytes+are+efficiently+immortalized+by+a+Rho+kinase+inhibitor.">Human keratinocytes are efficiently immortalized by a Rho kinase inhibitor.</a> J Clin Invest. 120 (7), 2619-2626 (2010).</li><li>Liu, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ROCK+inhibitor+and+feeder+cells+induce+the+conditional+reprogramming+of+epithelial+cells.">ROCK inhibitor and feeder cells induce the conditional reprogramming of epithelial cells.</a> Am J Pathol. 180 (2), 599-607 (2012).</li><li>Yuan, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+reprogrammed+cells+to+identify+therapy+for+respiratory+papillomatosis.">Use of reprogrammed cells to identify therapy for respiratory papillomatosis.</a> N Engl J Med. 367 (13), 1220-1227 (2012).</li><li>Signoretti, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=p63+is+a+prostate+basal+cell+marker+and+is+required+for+prostate+development.">p63 is a prostate basal cell marker and is required for prostate development.</a> Am J Pathol. 157 (6), 1769-1775 (2000).</li><li>Lang, S. H., Frame, F. M., Collins, A. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prostate+cancer+stem+cells.">Prostate cancer stem cells.</a> J Pathol. 217 (2), 299-306 (2009).</li><li>Ringer, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+induction+of+the+p53+tumor+suppressor+protein+bridges+the+apoptotic+and+autophagic+signaling+pathways+to+regulate+cell+death+in+prostate+cancer+cells.">The induction of the p53 tumor suppressor protein bridges the apoptotic and autophagic signaling pathways to regulate cell death in prostate cancer cells.</a> Oncotarget. 5 (21), 10678-10691 (2014).</li><li>Pollock, C. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Strigolactone+analogues+induce+apoptosis+through+activation+of+p38+and+the+stress+response+pathway+in+cancer+cell+lines+and+in+conditionally+reprogrammed+primary+prostate+cancer+cells.">Strigolactone analogues induce apoptosis through activation of p38 and the stress response pathway in cancer cell lines and in conditionally reprogrammed primary prostate cancer cells.</a> Oncotarget. 5 (6), 1683-1698 (2014).</li><li>Crogliom, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analogs+of+the+Novel+Phytohormone,+Strigolactone,+Trigger+Apoptosis+and+Synergy+with+PARP1+Inhibitors+by+Inducing+DNA+Damage+and+Inhibiting+DNA+Repair.">Analogs of the Novel Phytohormone, Strigolactone, Trigger Apoptosis and Synergy with PARP1 Inhibitors by Inducing DNA Damage and Inhibiting DNA Repair.</a> Oncotarget. , (2016).</li><li>Saeed, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comprehensive+Drug+Testing+of+Patient-derived+Conditionally+Reprogrammed+Cells+from+Castration-resistant+Prostate+Cancer.">Comprehensive Drug Testing of Patient-derived Conditionally Reprogrammed Cells from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.</a> Eur Urol. , (2016).</li><li>Palechor-Ceron, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Radiation+induces+diffusible+feeder+cell+factor(s)+that+cooperate+with+ROCK+inhibitor+to+conditionally+reprogram+and+immortalize+epithelial+cells.">Radiation induces diffusible feeder cell factor(s) that cooperate with ROCK inhibitor to conditionally reprogram and immortalize epithelial cells.</a> Am J Pathol. 183 (6), 1862-1870 (2013).</li><li>Coffey, A., Johnson, M. 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(99), e52868 (2015).</li><li>Hidalgo, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patient-derived+xenograft+models:+an+emerging+platform+for+translational+cancer+research.">Patient-derived xenograft models: an emerging platform for translational cancer research.</a> Cancer Discov. 4 (9), 998-1013 (2014).</li><li>Drost, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organoid+culture+systems+for+prostate+epithelial+and+cancer+tissue.">Organoid culture systems for prostate epithelial and cancer tissue.</a> Nat Protoc. 11 (2), 347-358 (2016).</li></ol>

Primary cell lines are an important and rapidly developing platform for cancer research. The culture insert-based 3D culture system supports the differentiation of primary prostate CRCs within a two-week timeframe. The CRC filter method represents a new, medium throughput method for prostate research. Existing mouse PDX models are time consuming and extremely expensive, and many of the PDX samples cannot be grown in culture, limiting investigator-initiated experimentation and their usefulness. In addition, while success ...

The identification and use of cancer therapies that are personalized to individuals are a primary goal in cancer research. Recently, new approaches have been developed that allow for greater ease in the establishment of primary cell cultures, potentially providing ways of both identifying and testing personalized therapies. For example, the R-spondin-based prostate organoid approach1 allows for three-dimensional (3D) culturing of normal and metastatic prostate cancer cells in a commercial extracellular matrix (e.g., Matrigel), while the Conditionally Reprogramming of Cells (CRC) method developed at Georgetown2,3 utilizes more standard 2D culture conditions. Specifically, the combination of a Rho kinase inhibitor (Y-27632) and irradiated J2 murine fibroblast feeder cells lead to the indefinite culturing of keratinocyte CRCs2. The CRC methodology is extremely robust, with primary cell lines successfully established and maintained indefinitely from the prostate and many other normal and malignant epithelial tissues3. Importantly, our CRC technology allowed for the rapid identification of the etiological basis for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in a patient who had failed a number of previous drug treatments. In addition, using normal and tumor-derived CRCs, the successful identification of an FDA approved drug, vorinostat, was made within two weeks of initial tissue biopsy. The patient was placed on vorinostat, resulting in the successful treatment of their disease4.
The normal prostate gland is comprised of luminal, basal and the rare neuroendocrine cells5. Luminal cells form the columnar epithelial layer of the gland and express the androgen receptor (AR), as well as other luminal markers such as cytokeratins 8 and 18 and prostate-specific antigen (PSA)6. Conversely, basal cells are localized beneath the luminal layer and express cytokeratin 5 and p63, but low levels of the AR5. We7,8,9 and others10 have successfully used prostate CRCs in preclinical mechanistic drug sensitivity investigations. However, when grown under standard 2D tissue culture conditions, these cells fail to fully engage AR signaling10. Importantly, when placed under the renal capsule of immunodeficient mice, the CRCs regained normal prostate glandular architecture and function indicating that prostate CRCs retain their lineage commitment when placed in a permissive environment. The development of the filter insert-based cell culture system described here allows for the rapid (2 weeks) in vitro differentiation of prostate CRCs as evidenced by the increased expression of the AR and AR target genes as well as decreased levels of p63.
The filter inserts used contain polycarbonate membranes (pore size, 0.4 &#181;m) that can support the culturing of mammalian cells. The system, as developed, makes use of normal and malignant prostate CRCs, 6 well culture dishes and the filter inserts. Cell culture media conditioned by J2 cells11 is placed in the bottom chamber and prostate differentiating media in the top chamber. The techniques described herein support prostate luminal cell differentiation within a 2 week timeframe, consistent with the goals of personalized medicine. It was also imperative to develop the methodologies that allow for the comprehensive molecular, genetic and cellular profiling of the cultures. Approaches for isolating DNA, RNA and protein from cells released from the filter surface have been developed and streamlined for accurate repeat sample processing. Finally, the methodology required for removing the filter to enable embedding, sectioning and for H&#38;E, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining, is fully described.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Corning Costar Snapwell Culture Inserts</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3801</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Millicell Cell Culture Inserts</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>PIHP01250</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Multiwell 6 Well</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>353046</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gelatin 0.1% in water</td>
			<td>Stemcell Technologies</td>
			<td>7903</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile Saftey Scapel 10 Blade</td>
			<td>Integra Miltex</td>
			<td>4-510</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile Standard Scalpel 11 Blade</td>
			<td>Integra Miltex</td>
			<td>4411</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RIPA Lysis and Extraction Buffer</td>
			<td>Thermofisher Scientific</td>
			<td>89900</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Fluoride</td>
			<td>Fishcer Scientific</td>
			<td>S299-100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Vanadate</td>
			<td>Fishcer Scientific</td>
			<td>13721-39-6</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dithiothreitol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>3483123</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (AEBSF, Aprotinin, Bestatin, E-64, Leupeptin and Pepstatin A)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P8340</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.25% Trypsin-EDTA (1x)</td>
			<td>Thermofisher Scientific</td>
			<td>25200-056</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>Thermofisher Scientific</td>
			<td>11965-092</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FBS</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>F2442</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glutamine</td>
			<td>Thermofisher Scientific</td>
			<td>25030081&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Thermofisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>F-12 Nutrient Mix Media</td>
			<td>Thermofisher Scientific</td>
			<td>11765054</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Y-27632 dihydrochloride Rock inhibitor</td>
			<td>Enzo</td>
			<td>ALX-270-333-M025</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrocortisone</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H0888</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EGF</td>
			<td>Thermofisher Scientific</td>
			<td>PHG0315</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin</td>
			<td>Thermofisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12585-014</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cholera Toxin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C3012</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gentamicin</td>
			<td>Thermofisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15710-064</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fungizone</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP264550</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trizol Reagent</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15596026</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Histogel Specimen Processing Gel (hydroxyethyl agarose (HEA))</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>HG-4000-012</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Non-Adherent Dressing</td>
			<td>Telfa</td>
			<td>KDL2132Z</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell Culture Dish</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>SIAL0167</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HISTOSETTE II Tissue Processing / Embedding Cassettes</td>
			<td>Crystalgen</td>
			<td>CG-M492</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a rapid filter insert-based 3d culture system for primary prostate cell differentiation

Conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRCs) provide a sustainable method for primary cell culture and the ability to develop extensive &#34;living biobanks&#34; of patient derived cell lines. For many types of epithelial cells, various three dimensional (3D) culture approaches have been described that support an improved differentiated state. While CRCs retain their lineage commitment to the tissue from which they are isolated, they fail to express many of the differentiation markers associated with the tissue of origin when grown under normal two dimensional (2D) culture conditions. To enhance the application of patient-derived CRCs for prostate cancer research, a 3D culture format has been defined that enables a rapid (2 weeks total) luminal cell differentiation in both normal and tumor-derived prostate epithelial cells. Herein, a filter insert-based format is described for the culturing and differentiation of both normal and malignant prostate CRCs. A detailed description of the procedures required for cell collection and processing for immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining are provided. Collectively the 3D culture format described, combined with the primary CRC lines, provides an important medium- to high- throughput model system for biospecimen-based prostate research.

The cell culture insert based system is a relatively simple and rapid procedure for producing 3D cultures of prostate CRCs that supports luminal cell differentiation. A schematic of the system is shown (Figure 1A) highlighting the application of the gelatin coating to the bottom surface of the filter insert. The inserts are only overturned for the application of the gelatin. In Figure 1B the filters are in the appropriate orientation for culturing. Using ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Rapid Filter Insert-based 3D Culture System for Primary Prostate Cell Differentiation at JoVE.com

A Rapid Filter Insert-based 3D Culture System for Primary Prostate Cell Differentiation

Here, we present a method for the establishment of a rapid in vitro system that supports the three dimensional culturing and subsequent luminal differentiation of primary prostate epithelial cells.

Conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRCs) provide a sustainable method for primary cell culture and the ability to develop extensive &#34;living ...

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