Name: assessing neuroprotective effects of glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma extract using a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model
Uploaded: 2018-12-09T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessing Neuroprotective Effects of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Extract Using a Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Mouse Model at JoVE.com

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All procedures involving animals were approved by the ethics committee of Pusan National University (approval number, PNU-2016-1087). A graphical overview of this study is shown in Figure 1.
1. Preparation and Administration of GRex
NOTE: The GR used in this study was purchased from a commercial pharmaceutical company.
<ol>
	<li>Place 200 g of GR in 2,000 mL of methanol and incubate at room temperature (25 &#176;C) for 5 days.</li>
	<...

<ol>
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With the increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases such as chronic hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, which are major risk factors for stroke, stroke prevention and treatment have become an important area of medical research12,13. Deficits in language and movement after a stroke are strongly correlated with the degree of damage to brain tissue14 and result in a poor quality of life for patients and their families<sup class="xref...

Brain damage caused by ischemia and reperfusion of cerebral blood flow leads to the death of nerve cells and loss of brain tissue. This type of brain damage continues to increase with the increasing prevalence of cerebrovascular diseases due to the spread of metabolic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus1,2. The absolute number of elderly patients with stroke has dramatically increased worldwide, and the cost of medical care for these patients, who are often left with long-term disabilities, is a major societal burden. Therefore, secondary disabilities should be mitigated as much as possible to reduce the economic burden1,2.
The most commonly used rodent model of cerebral infarction is the middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion (MCAO) model, in which the MCA is occluded with a silicon-coated surgical suturing filament to block blood flow, causing ischemic stroke3,4. Using a filament as the occlusion material allows the control of occlusion time and permanence by manipulating the duration of the intra-luminal filament insertion.
Previous studies have shown that even when the same rodent MCAO model is used, the total volume of cerebral infarction varies between experiments, causing low reproducibility of the studies. To improve reproducibility, we optimized the thickness of the filament mint used in the experiment. The results of a preliminary study of the cerebral ischemic period and induced infarction showed that an ischemic period longer than 60 min allowed the volumetric region of damaged brain tissue to be observed and quantified.
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (GR), also known as licorice, consists of the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and G.&#160;glabra. It has been used in Chinese and Korean traditional medicine for various purposes including as a food additive and medicinally5,6,7.
In a previous study8, pre-treatment with GR methanol extract (GRex) showed an anti-apoptotic effect in MCAO mice, including significant prevention of the decrease in the protein expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl extra-large (Bcl-xL). This study was conducted to improve the reproducibility of the conventional MCAO mouse model by evaluating its efficiency in determining if post-infarct treatment with GRex effectively reduced the infarct volume in MCAO-induced cerebral damage.

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			<td>Carl Zeiss</td>
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assessing neuroprotective effects of glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma extract using a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model

Ischemia followed by reperfusion of cerebral blood flow after a stroke leads to the death of nerve cells and loss of brain tissue. The most commonly used animal model for studying stroke is the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Previous research studies have reported different infarct sizes even when the same experimental animal species was used under similar MCAO conditions. Therefore, we developed an improved experimental method to address this discrepancy. Mice were subjected to MCAO using a filament as the occlusion material to mimic human stroke conditions and filament thickness was optimized to establish more reproducible infarction volume. Mice treated with a methanol extract of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome (GRex) following stroke induction showed a significantly decreased total infarction volume and increased number of surviving cells relative to the untreated control group. This modified experimental protocol successfully and reproducibly demonstrated the beneficial effect of GRex on ischemic stroke.

In the sham-operated normal group, no cerebral infarct is observed whereas in the control group, a relatively wide range of damaged areas is observed. In the mice administered 300 mg/kg GRex in the MCAO model group, a statistically significant reduction in damaged area is observed (Figure 2).
The histological changes are investigated by staining ischemic brain sections with H&#38;E or cresyl violet....

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessing Neuroprotective Effects of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Extract Using a Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Mouse Model at JoVE.com

Assessing Neuroprotective Effects of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Extract Using a Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Mouse Model

In this study, we modify an existing experimental method to obtain more reproducible results, by establishing a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model. Oral administration of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome (GR) methanol extract (GRex), following stroke induction, significantly decreased total infarction volume relative to the untreated control group.

Ischemia followed by reperfusion of cerebral blood flow after a stroke leads to the death of nerve cells and loss of brain tissue. The most commonly used ...

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Clinically, thrombolytic therapy with use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the most effective treatment for acute ischemic ...

Quantification of Neurovascular Protection Following Repetitive Hypoxic Preconditioning and Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice

Experimental animal models of stroke are invaluable tools for understanding stroke pathology and developing more effective treatment strategies. A 2 week ...

Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability

Stroke typically occurs in elderly people with a range of comorbidities including carotid (or other arterial) atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, ...