Name: mesenchymal stem cell isolation from pulp tissue and co-culture with cancer cells to study their interactions
Uploaded: 2019-01-07T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mesenchymal Stem Cell Isolation from Pulp Tissue and Co-Culture with Cancer Cells to Study Their Interactions at JoVE.com

This study was supported by Yeditepe University. All data and figures used in this article were previously published34.

Written informed consent of the patients was obtained after the approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee.
1. DPSC Isolation and Culture
<ol>
	<li>Transfer wisdom teeth obtained from young adults aged between 17 and 20 to 15 mL tubes containing complete Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) [low glucose DMEM media, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin/amphotericin (PSA) solution], within 8 h after resection. Keep the tissue material cold ...

<ol>
	<li>Camberlain, G., Fox, J., Ashton, B., Middleton, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+stem+cells:+their+phenotype,+differentiation+capacity,+immunological+features,+and+potential+for+homing.">Mesenchymal stem cells: their phenotype, differentiation capacity, immunological features, and potential for homing.</a> Stem Cells. 25 (11), 2739-2749 (2007).</li><li>Demirci, S., Do&#287;an, A., &#350;ahin, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Dental Stem Cells. , 109-124 (2016).</li><li>Fox, J. M., Chamberlain, G., Ashton, B. A., Middleton, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+advances+into+the+understanding+of+mesenchymal+stem+cell+trafficking.">Recent advances into the understanding of mesenchymal stem cell trafficking.</a> British journal of haematology. 137 (6), 491-502 (2007).</li><li>Chang, A. I., Schwertschkow, A. H., Nolta, J. A., Wu, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Involvement+of+mesenchymal+stem+cells+in+cancer+progression+and+metastases.">Involvement of mesenchymal stem cells in cancer progression and metastases.</a> Current cancer drug targets. 15 (2), 88-98 (2015).</li><li>Dvorak, H. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tumors:+wounds+that+do+not+heal.">Tumors: wounds that do not heal.</a> New England Journal of Medicine. 315 (26), 1650-1659 (1986).</li><li>Lu, Y. -. r., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+growth+inhibitory+effect+of+mesenchymal+stem+cells+on+tumor+cells+in+vitro+and+in+vivo.">The growth inhibitory effect of mesenchymal stem cells on tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.</a> Cancer biology &amp; therapy. 7 (2), 245-251 (2008).</li><li>Secchiero, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+bone+marrow+mesenchymal+stem+cells+display+anti-cancer+activity+in+SCID+mice+bearing+disseminated+non-Hodgkin's+lymphoma+xenografts.">Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells display anti-cancer activity in SCID mice bearing disseminated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma xenografts.</a> PloS one. 5 (6), e11140 (2010).</li><li>Hong, I. -. S., Lee, H. -. Y., Kang, K. -. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+stem+cells+and+cancer:+friends+or+enemies?.">Mesenchymal stem cells and cancer: friends or enemies?.</a> Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. 768, 98-106 (2014).</li><li>Brennen, W. N., Chen, S., Denmeade, S. R., Isaacs, J. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantification+of+Mesenchymal+Stem+Cells+(MSCs)+at+sites+of+human+prostate+cancer.">Quantification of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) at sites of human prostate cancer.</a> Oncotarget. 4 (1), 106 (2013).</li><li>Klopp, A. H., Gupta, A., Spaeth, E., Andreeff, M., Marini, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Concise+review:+dissecting+a+discrepancy+in+the+literature:+do+mesenchymal+stem+cells+support+or+suppress+tumor+growth.">Concise review: dissecting a discrepancy in the literature: do mesenchymal stem cells support or suppress tumor growth.</a> Stem cells. 29 (1), 11-19 (2011).</li><li>Albini, A., Sporn, M. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+tumour+microenvironment+as+a+target+for+chemoprevention.">The tumour microenvironment as a target for chemoprevention.</a> Nature Reviews Cancer. 7 (2), 139 (2007).</li><li>Quante, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bone+marrow-derived+myofibroblasts+contribute+to+the+mesenchymal+stem+cell+niche+and+promote+tumor+growth.">Bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts contribute to the mesenchymal stem cell niche and promote tumor growth.</a> Cancer cell. 19 (2), 257-272 (2011).</li><li>Gronthos, S., Mankani, M., Brahim, J., Robey, P. G., Shi, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Postnatal+human+dental+pulp+stem+cells+(DPSCs)+in+vitro+and+in+vivo.">Postnatal human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in vitro and in vivo.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 97 (25), 13625-13630 (2000).</li><li>Mori, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dental+pulp+stem+cells:+osteogenic+differentiation+and+gene+expression.">Dental pulp stem cells: osteogenic differentiation and gene expression.</a> Annals of the new York Academy of Sciences. 1237 (1), 47-52 (2011).</li><li>Mori, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Osteogenic+properties+of+human+dental+pulp+stem+cells.">Osteogenic properties of human dental pulp stem cells.</a> Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents. 24 (2), 167-175 (2010).</li><li>Kerkis, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+characterization+of+a+population+of+immature+dental+pulp+stem+cells+expressing+OCT-4+and+other+embryonic+stem+cell+markers.">Isolation and characterization of a population of immature dental pulp stem cells expressing OCT-4 and other embryonic stem cell markers.</a> Cells Tissues Organs. 184 (3-4), 105-116 (2006).</li><li>Potdar, P. D., Jethmalani, Y. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+dental+pulp+stem+cells:+applications+in+future+regenerative+medicine.">Human dental pulp stem cells: applications in future regenerative medicine.</a> World journal of stem cells. 7 (5), 839 (2015).</li><li>Ahmed, N. E. -. M. B., Murakami, M., Hirose, Y., Nakashima, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Therapeutic+potential+of+dental+pulp+stem+cell+secretome+for+Alzheimer's+disease+treatment:+an+in+vitro+study.">Therapeutic potential of dental pulp stem cell secretome for Alzheimer's disease treatment: an in vitro study.</a> Stem cells international. 2016, (2016).</li><li>Gorin, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Priming+dental+pulp+stem+cells+with+fibroblast+growth+factor-2+increases+angiogenesis+of+implanted+tissue-engineered+constructs+through+hepatocyte+growth+factor+and+vascular+endothelial+growth+factor+secretion.">Priming dental pulp stem cells with fibroblast growth factor-2 increases angiogenesis of implanted tissue-engineered constructs through hepatocyte growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor secretion.</a> Stem cells translational medicine. 5 (3), 392-404 (2016).</li><li>Wakayama, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Factors+secreted+from+dental+pulp+stem+cells+show+multifaceted+benefits+for+treating+acute+lung+injury+in+mice.">Factors secreted from dental pulp stem cells show multifaceted benefits for treating acute lung injury in mice.</a> Cytotherapy. 17 (8), 1119-1129 (2015).</li><li>Do&#287;an, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiation+of+human+stem+cells+is+promoted+by+amphiphilic+pluronic+block+copolymers.">Differentiation of human stem cells is promoted by amphiphilic pluronic block copolymers.</a> International Journal of Nanomedicine. 7, 4849 (2012).</li><li>Ta&#351;l&#305;, P. N., Do&#287;an, A., Demirci, S., &#350;ahin, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Boron+enhances+odontogenic+and+osteogenic+differentiation+of+human+tooth+germ+stem+cells+(hTGSCs)+in+vitro.">Boron enhances odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human tooth germ stem cells (hTGSCs) in vitro.</a> Biological trace element research. 153 (1-3), 419-427 (2013).</li><li>Yalvac, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+characterization+of+stem+cells+derived+from+human+third+molar+tooth+germs+of+young+adults:+implications+in+neo-vascularization,+osteo-,+adipo-and+neurogenesis.">Isolation and characterization of stem cells derived from human third molar tooth germs of young adults: implications in neo-vascularization, osteo-, adipo-and neurogenesis.</a> The pharmacogenomics journal. 10 (2), 105 (2010).</li><li>Do&#287;an, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sodium+pentaborate+pentahydrate+and+pluronic+containing+hydrogel+increases+cutaneous+wound+healing+in+vitro+and+in+vivo.">Sodium pentaborate pentahydrate and pluronic containing hydrogel increases cutaneous wound healing in vitro and in vivo.</a> Biological trace element research. 162 (1-3), 72-79 (2014).</li><li>Do&#287;an, A., Yalva&#231;, M. E., Y&#305;lmaz, A., Rizvanov, A., &#350;ahin, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+F68+on+cryopreservation+of+mesenchymal+stem+cells+derived+from+human+tooth+germ.">Effect of F68 on cryopreservation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human tooth germ.</a> Applied biochemistry and biotechnology. 171 (7), 1819-1831 (2013).</li><li>Rizvanov, A. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interaction+and+self-organization+of+human+mesenchymal+stem+cells+and+neuro-blastoma+SH-SY5Y+cells+under+co-culture+conditions:+A+novel+system+for+modeling+cancer+cell+micro-environment.">Interaction and self-organization of human mesenchymal stem cells and neuro-blastoma SH-SY5Y cells under co-culture conditions: A novel system for modeling cancer cell micro-environment.</a> European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 76 (2), 253-259 (2010).</li><li>Troiano, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiparametric+analysis+of+cells+with+different+mitochondrial+membrane+potential+during+apoptosis+by+polychromatic+flow+cytometry.">Multiparametric analysis of cells with different mitochondrial membrane potential during apoptosis by polychromatic flow cytometry.</a> Nature protocols. 2 (11), 2719 (2007).</li><li>Melzer, C., von der Ohe, J., Lehnert, H., Ungefroren, H., Hass, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cancer+stem+cell+niche+models+and+contribution+by+mesenchymal+stroma/stem+cells.">Cancer stem cell niche models and contribution by mesenchymal stroma/stem cells.</a> Molecular cancer. 16 (1), 28 (2017).</li><li>Aguirre, A., Planell, J., Engel, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamics+of+bone+marrow-derived+endothelial+progenitor+cell/mesenchymal+stem+cell+interaction+in+co-culture+and+its+implications+in+angiogenesis.">Dynamics of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell/mesenchymal stem cell interaction in co-culture and its implications in angiogenesis.</a> Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 400 (2), 284-291 (2010).</li><li>Bogdanowicz, D. R., Lu, H. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Biomimetics and Stem Cells. , 29-36 (2013).</li><li>Plotnikov, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell-to-cell+cross-talk+between+mesenchymal+stem+cells+and+cardiomyocytes+in+co-culture.">Cell-to-cell cross-talk between mesenchymal stem cells and cardiomyocytes in co-culture.</a> Journal of cellular and molecular. 12 (5a), 1622-1631 (2008).</li><li>Bogdanowicz, D. R., Lu, H. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Studying+cell-cell+communication+in+co-culture.">Studying cell-cell communication in co-culture.</a> Biotechnology journal. 8 (4), 395-396 (2013).</li><li>Brunetti, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+expression+of+TRAIL+by+osteoblastic+differentiated+dental+pulp+stem+cells+affects+myeloma+cell+viability.">High expression of TRAIL by osteoblastic differentiated dental pulp stem cells affects myeloma cell viability.</a> Oncology reports. 39 (4), 2031-2039 (2018).</li><li>Do&#287;an, A., Demirci, S., Apdik, H., Apdik, E. 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Contribution of MSCs to tumor environment is regulated by several interactions including hybrid cell generation via cell fusions, entosis or cytokine and chemokine activities between stem cells and cancer cells28. Structural organization, cell-cell interactions, and secreted factors determine cancer cell behavior in terms of tumor promotion, progression, and metastasis to surrounding tissue. Proper ex vivo model systems to investigate the mechanisms behind the interactions of res...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with&#160;the ability of differentiation and contribution to regeneration of mesenchymal tissues such as bone, cartilage, muscle, ligament, tendon, and adipose, have been isolated from almost all tissues in the adult body1,2. Other than providing tissue homeostasis by producing resident cells in case of chronic inflammation or an injury, they produce vital cytokines and growth factors to orchestrate angiogenesis, immune system, and tissue remodeling3. The interaction of MSCs with cancer tissue is not well-understood, but accumulating evidence suggests that MSCs might promote tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis4.
The homing ability of MSCs to the injured or chronically inflamed area makes them a valuable candidate for stem cell-based therapies. However, cancer tissues, &#34;never healing wounds&#34;, also release inflammatory cytokines, pro-angiogenic molecules, and vital growth factors, which attract MSCs to the cancerogenous area5. While there are limited reports showing inhibitory effects of MSCs on cancer growth6,7, their cancer progression and metastasis promoting effects have been extensively reported8. MSCs directly or indirectly affect carcinogenesis in different ways including suppressing immune cells, secreting growth factors/cytokines that support cancer cell proliferation and migration, enhancing angiogenic activity, and regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)9,10. Tumor environment consists of several cell types including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and/or myofibroblasts, endothelial cells, adipocytes, and immune cells11. Of those, CAFs are the most abundant cell type in the tumor area that secrete various chemokines promoting cancer growth and metastasis8. It has been shown that bone marrow-derived MSCs can differentiate into CAFs in the tumor stroma12.
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), characterized as the first dental tissue-derived MSCs by Gronthos et al.13 in 2000 and then widely investigated by others14,15, express pluripotency markers such as Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog16 and can differentiate into various cell linages17. Gene and protein expression analysis proved that DPSCs produce comparable levels of growth factors/cytokines with other MSCs such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiogenin, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-10, and stem cell factor (SCF), as well as fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand (Flt-3L) that might promote angiogenesis, modulate immune cells, and support cancer cell proliferation and migration18,19,20. While the interactions of MSCs with cancer environment have been well-documented in the literature, the relationship between DPSCs and cancer cells has not been evaluated yet. In the present study, we established co-culture and condition medium treatment strategies for a highly metastatic prostate cancer cell line, PC-3, and DPSCs to propose potential action of mechanism of dental MSCs in cancer progression and metastasis.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11885084</td>
			<td>For cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FBS</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>16000044</td>
			<td>For cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PSA</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>17-745E</td>
			<td>For cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>25200056</td>
			<td>For cell dissociation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10010023</td>
			<td>For washes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dexamethasone</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D4902</td>
			<td>Component of differentiation media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#946;-Glycerophosphate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G9422</td>
			<td>Component of osteogenic differentiation medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ascorbic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A4544</td>
			<td>Component of osteo- and chondro-genic differentiation medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium (ITS &#8722;G)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>41400045</td>
			<td>Component of chondrogenic differentiation medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TGF-&#946;</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>SRP3171</td>
			<td>Component of chondrogenic differentiation medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>I6634</td>
			<td>Component of adipogenic differentiation medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>I7018</td>
			<td>Component of adipogenic differentiation medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Indomethacin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>I7378</td>
			<td>Component of adipogenic differentiation medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MTS Reagent</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>G3582</td>
			<td>Cell viability analyses</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TUNEL Assay</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>11684795910</td>
			<td>Apoptotic analyses</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>24-well plate inserts</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3396</td>
			<td>For trans-well migration assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PKH67</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>PKH67GL</td>
			<td>For co-culture cell staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PKH26</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>PKH26GL</td>
			<td>For co-culture cell staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P6148</td>
			<td>For cell fixation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>von Kossa Kit</td>
			<td>BioOptica</td>
			<td>04-170801.A</td>
			<td>For cell staining (differentiation)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcian blue</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A2899</td>
			<td>For cell staining (differentiation)</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

mesenchymal stem cell isolation from pulp tissue and co-culture with cancer cells to study their interactions

Cancer as a multistep process and complicated disease is not only regulated by individual cell proliferation and growth but also controlled by tumor environment and cell-cell interactions. Identification of cancer and stem cell interactions, including changes in extracellular environment, physical interactions, and secreted factors, might enable the discovery of new therapy options. We combine known co-culture techniques to create a model system for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cancer cell interactions. In the current study, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and PC-3 prostate cancer cell interactions were examined by direct and indirect co-culture techniques. Condition medium (CM) obtained from DPSCs and 0.4 &#181;m pore sized trans-well membranes were used to study paracrine activity. Co-culture of different cell types together was performed to study direct cell-cell interaction. The results revealed that CM increased cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis in prostate cancer cell cultures. Both CM and trans-well system increased cell migration capacity of PC-3 cells. Cells stained with different membrane dyes were seeded into the same culture vessels, and DPSCs participated in a self-organized structure with PC-3 cells under this direct co-culture condition. Overall, the results indicated that co-culture techniques could be useful for cancer and MSC interactions as a model system.

Figure 1 depicts the general MSC characteristics of DPSCs under culture conditions. DPSCs exert fibroblast-like cell morphology after plating (Figure 1B). MSC surface antigens (CD29, CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD166) are highly expressed while hematopoietic markers (CD34, CD45, and CD14) are negative (Figure 1C). Changes at the morphological and molecular level related to osteo-, chondro-, and adipo-geni...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mesenchymal Stem Cell Isolation from Pulp Tissue and Co-Culture with Cancer Cells to Study Their Interactions at JoVE.com

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Isolation from Pulp Tissue and Co-Culture with Cancer Cells to Study Their Interactions

We provide protocols for evaluation of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from dental pulp and prostate cancer cell interactions based on direct and indirect co-culture methods. Condition medium and trans-well membranes are suitable to analyze indirect paracrine activity. Seeding differentially stained cells together is an appropriate model for direct cell-cell interaction.

Cancer as a multistep process and complicated disease is not only regulated by individual cell proliferation and growth but also controlled by tumor ...

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Chromosome mis-segregation leads to aneuploidy, a condition in which cells harbor an imbalanced chromosome number. Several lines of evidence strongly ...

Live-Cell Imaging Assays to Study Glioblastoma Brain Tumor Stem Cell Migration and Invasion

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor that is poorly controlled with the currently available treatment options. Key features of GBMs include ...

Obtaining Cancer Stem Cell Spheres from Gynecological and Breast Cancer Tumors

Cancer stem cells (CSC) are a small population with self-renewal and plasticity which are responsible for tumorigenesis, resistance to treatment and ...

Isolation of Stem-like Cells from 3-Dimensional Spheroid Cultures

Despite advances in adult stem cell research, identification and isolation of stem cells from tissue specimens remains a major challenge. While resident ...

A Biomimetic Model for Liver Cancer to Study Tumor-Stroma Interactions in a 3D Environment with Tunable Bio-Physical Properties

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver tumor developing in the wake of chronic liver disease. Chronic liver disease and inflammation leads to a ...

Isolation and Functional Assessment of Human Breast Cancer Stem Cells from Cell and Tissue Samples

Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are cancer cells with inherited or acquired stem cell-like characteristics. Despite their low frequency, they are major ...

Studying TGF-&#946; Signaling and TGF-&#946;-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Studying TGF-ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â² Signaling and TGF-ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â²-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Transforming growth factor-&#946; (TGF-&#946;) is a secreted multifunctional factor that plays a key role in intercellular communication. Perturbations of ...

Co-culture of Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells on Patterned Neurons to Study Migration and Cellular Interactions

Glioblastomas (GBMs), grade IV malignant gliomas, are one of the deadliest types of human cancer because of their aggressive characteristics. Despite ...