Name: screening and identification of small peptides targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor2 using a phage display peptide library
Uploaded: 2019-09-30T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Screening and Identification of Small Peptides Targeting Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor2 using a Phage Display Peptide Library at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (No. 2016201604030039).

1. Reagent preparation
<ol>
	<li>LB (lysogeny broth) medium: Dissolve 1 g of tryptone, 0.5 g of yeast extract, and 0.5 g of NaCl in 100 mL of H2O. Autoclave and store at 4 &#176;C.</li>
	<li>Tetracycline stock: Prepare 20 mg/mL in 1:1 ethanol:H2O. Store at -20 &#176;C, and vortex before using.</li>
	<li>IPTG/X-gal solution: Mix 0.5 g of IPTG (isopropyl &#946;-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside) and 0.4 g of X-gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl &#946;-D-galactoside) in 10 mL of DMF (dimethyl formamide). The so...

<ol>
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P., Lax, I., Schlessinger, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cellular+signaling+by+fibroblast+growth+factor+receptors.">Cellular signaling by fibroblast growth factor receptors.</a> Cytokine &amp; Growth Factor Reviews. 16 (2), 139-149 (2005).</li><li>Turner, N., Grose, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fibroblast+growth+factor+signaling:+from+development+to+cancer.">Fibroblast growth factor signaling: from development to cancer.</a> Nature Reviews Cancer. 10 (2), 116-129 (2010).</li><li>Cancer Genome Atlas Network. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comprehensive+molecular+portraits+of+human+breast+tumors.">Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumors.</a> Nature. 490 (7418), 61-70 (2012).</li><li>Matsumoto, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=FGFR2+gene+amplification+and+clinicopathological+features+in+gastric+cancer.">FGFR2 gene amplification and clinicopathological features in gastric cancer.</a> British Journal of Cancer. 106 (4), 727-732 (2012).</li><li>Weiss, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Frequent+and+focal+FGFR1+amplification+associates+with+therapeutically+tractable+FGFR1+dependency+in+squamous+cell+lung+cancer.">Frequent and focal FGFR1 amplification associates with therapeutically tractable FGFR1 dependency in squamous cell lung cancer.</a> Science Translational Medicine. 2 (62), 62ra93 (2010).</li><li>Babina, I. 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M., Highsmith, W. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phage+display+technology:+clinical+applications+and+recent+innovations.">Phage display technology: clinical applications and recent innovations.</a> Clinical Biochemistry. 35, 425-445 (2002).</li><li>Pasqualini, R., Ruoslahti, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organ+targeting+In+vivo+using+phage+display+peptide+libraries.">Organ targeting In vivo using phage display peptide libraries.</a> Nature. 380 (6572), 364-366 (1996).</li><li>Liu, R., Li, X., Xiao, W., Lam, K. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tumor-targeting+peptides+from+combinatorial+libraries.">Tumor-targeting peptides from combinatorial libraries.</a> Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 110-111, 13-37 (2017).</li><li>Binetruy-Tournaire, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+a+peptide+blocking+vascular+endothelial+growth+factor+(VEGF)-mediated+angiogenesis.">Identification of a peptide blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated angiogenesis.</a> The EMBO Journal. 19, 1525-1533 (2000).</li><li>Peng, Y., Zhang, Y., Mitchell, W. J., Zhang, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+Lipopolysaccharide-Targeted+Peptide+Mimic+Vaccine+against+Q+Fever.">Development of a Lipopolysaccharide-Targeted Peptide Mimic Vaccine against Q Fever.</a> Journal of Immunology. 189, 4909-4920 (2012).</li><li>Lamichhane, T. N., Abeydeera, N. D., Duc, A. C., Cunningham, P. R., Chow, C. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selection+of+Peptides+Targeting+Helix+31+of+Bacterial+16S+Ribosomal+RNA+by+Screening+M13+Phage-Display+Libraries.">Selection of Peptides Targeting Helix 31 of Bacterial 16S Ribosomal RNA by Screening M13 Phage-Display Libraries.</a> Molecules. 16, 1211-1239 (2011).</li><li>Sahin, D., Taflan, S. O., Yartas, G., Ashktorab, H., Smoot, D. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Screening+and+Identification+of+Peptides+Specifically+Targeted+to+Gastric+Cancer+Cells+from+a+Phage+Display+Peptide+Library.+Asian+Pacific.">Screening and Identification of Peptides Specifically Targeted to Gastric Cancer Cells from a Phage Display Peptide Library. Asian Pacific.</a> Journal of Cancer Prevention. 19 (4), 927-932 (2018).</li><li>Kelly, K. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeted+nanoparticles+for+imaging+incipient+pancreatic+ductal+adenocarcinoma.">Targeted nanoparticles for imaging incipient pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.</a> PLOS Medicine. 5 (4), e85 (2008).</li><li>Sugihara, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+pro-apoptotic+peptides+as+potential+therapy+for+peritoneal+endometriosis.">Development of pro-apoptotic peptides as potential therapy for peritoneal endometriosis.</a> Nature Communications. 5, 4478 (2014).</li><li>Rafii, S., Avecilla, S. T., Jin, D. 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A combinatorial phage library is a powerful and effective tool for high-throughput screening of novel peptides that can bind target molecules and regulate their function13. Currently, phage display peptide libraries have a wide range of applications. For example, they can be used for selecting bioactive peptides bound to receptor proteins23, non-protein targets24,25, disease-specific antigen mimics...

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) play key roles in cell proliferation, wound healing, and angiogenesis in vivo1. Aberrant activation of FGFR signaling observed in a variety of tumors2,3,4,5 includes gene amplification, gene mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and excessive ligand secretion6. Many inhibitors targeting FGFRs have shown promising therapeutic effects in clinical trials and are mainly classified into three types: (1) small molecule kinase inhibitors, which bind to the intracellular domain of FGFR, (2) antagonists targeting the extracellular segment, and (3) FGF ligand traps6. Although several of the small molecule kinase inhibitors have good therapeutic effects both in vitro and in vivo7, most of them have poor target specificity and show adverse effects such as hypertension8. The majority of the antagonists are monoclonal antibodies9,10 and polypeptides11. Peptides have advantages over small molecules due to their specificity and lower side effects. They also retain cell permeability and do not accumulate in specific organs as compared to protein drugs12. Hence, targeted small peptides are both effective and prospective therapeutic agents.
Phage display technology is an easy but powerful tool for identifying small peptides which can bind to a given molecule13,14,15. We used a phage display peptide library that is based on a simple M13 phage with over 109 different peptide sequences displayed at the tail for binding to the target molecule (see Table of Materials)16. Due to the high affinity of phages towards the given molecule, unbound phages can be washed away, and only tightly bound phages with the desired short peptides are retained. The given molecular targets can be immobilized proteins17,18, carbohydrates, cultured cells, or even inorganic materials19,20. An exciting case was reported where organ-specific peptides were selected in vivo using phage display technology21. The advantages of phage display technology include high throughput, ease of operation, low cost and a wide range of applications22.
In this study, we provide a detailed protocol of screening small peptides binding to the immobilized protein (FGFR2) using a phage display library. The efficacy of the technology is also examined by measuring the affinity of the obtained peptide towards FGFR2 by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC), and the biological activity by a cell proliferation assay. The method may be extended for screening small peptides that bind to carbohydrates, cultured cells, or even inorganic materials.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.22 &#956;m Filter</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>MPGP002A1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>35 cm2 Small dish</td>
			<td>Thermo</td>
			<td>150460</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>70% Ethanol</td>
			<td>Guangzhou chemical reagent factory</td>
			<td>64-17-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>-96 gIII sequencing primer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Synthesis from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well plate</td>
			<td>Nest</td>
			<td>701001-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agar</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>ST004D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bacto-Tryptone</td>
			<td>Oxoid</td>
			<td>L0037</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BALB/c 3T3 cells</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>CRL-&#173;6587</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BSA</td>
			<td>Biodragon</td>
			<td>BD-M10110</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CCK-8 kit</td>
			<td>DOJINDO</td>
			<td>CK04</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>sh30243.01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMF</td>
			<td>Newprobe</td>
			<td>PB10247</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EDTA</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15576028</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FGF2 Protein</td>
			<td>Sino Biological Inc.</td>
			<td>10014-HNAE</td>
			<td>Purity &#62;95%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G8898-1KG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IPTG</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>ST097</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ITC200 system</td>
			<td>MicroCal Omega</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S6191</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaHCO3</td>
			<td>Guangzhou chemical reagent factory</td>
			<td>144-55-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaI</td>
			<td>Bidepharm</td>
			<td>BD40879</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaOH</td>
			<td>Guangzhou chemical reagent factory</td>
			<td>1310-73-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PEG&#8211;8000</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P2139-250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ph.D.-7 phage display peptide library kit</td>
			<td>New England BioLabs</td>
			<td>E8100S</td>
			<td>Containing the Ph.D.-7 phage library, E. coli ER2738 host strain and M13KE control phage</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant FGFR2 extracellular domain proteins</td>
			<td>Sino Biological Inc.</td>
			<td>10824-H08H</td>
			<td>Purity &#62; 97%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small peptide</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Synthesis from GL Biochem Ltd. (Shanghai, China)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tetracycline</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S-SHS-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>SLF-T1503</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween-20</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>ST825</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>X-gal</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>ST912</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Yeast extract</td>
			<td>Oxoid</td>
			<td>LP0021</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

screening and identification of small peptides targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor2 using a phage display peptide library

The human Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) family comprises four members, namely, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4, that are involved in various biological activities including cell proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation. Several aberrations in the FGFR signaling pathway, owing to mutations or gene amplification events, have been identified in various types of cancers. Hence, recent research has focused on developing strategies involving therapeutic targeting of FGFRs. Current FGFR inhibitors at various stages of pre-clinical and clinical development include either small molecule inhibitors of tyrosine kinases or monoclonal antibodies, with only a few peptide- based inhibitors in the pipeline. Here, we provide a protocol using phage display technology to screen small peptides as antagonists of FGFR2. Briefly, a library of phage-displayed peptides was incubated in a plate coated with FGFR2. Subsequently, unbound phage was washed off by TBST (TBS + 0.1% [v/v] Tween-20), and bound phage was eluted with 0.2 M glycine-HCl buffer (pH 2.2). The eluted phage was further amplified and used as input for the next round of biopanning. Following three rounds of biopanning, the peptide sequences of individual phage clones were identified by DNA sequencing. Finally, the screened peptides were synthesized and analyzed for affinity and biological activity.

Obtaining a high affinity small peptide targeting FGFR2.
To screen phages targeting FGFR2, a Ph.D.-7 library was used in this study. A schematic representation of the workflow is shown in Figure 1. In this process, the number of phage input (PFU) was kept unchanged, whereas the coating concentration of FGFR2 protein was reduced gradually. Results of the phage titer suggested that the number of recovered phages increased gradually, and after 3 roun...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Screening and Identification of Small Peptides Targeting Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor2 using a Phage Display Peptide Library at JoVE.com

Screening and Identification of Small Peptides Targeting Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor2 using a Phage Display Peptide Library

Herein, we present a detailed protocol for screening small peptides that bind to FGFR2 using a phage display peptide library. We further analyze the affinity of the selected peptides toward FGFR2 in vitro and its ability to suppress cell proliferation.

The human Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) family comprises four members, namely, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4, that are involved in various ...

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