Name: organic structure-directing agent-free synthesis for *bea-type zeolite membrane
Uploaded: 2020-02-22T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Organic Structure-directing Agent-free Synthesis for *BEA-type Zeolite Membrane at JoVE.com

This work was partially supported by JST CREST (Japan Science and Technology agency, Create REvolutionary technological seeds for Science and Technology innovation program), Grant Number JPMJCR1324, Japan.

1. Support preparation
<ol>
	<li>Pretreatment of support
	<ol>
		<li>Cut out a 3 cm long tubular porous &#945;-Al2O3 support (see Table of Materials).</li>
		<li>Wash the support with distilled water for 10 min. After that, wash the support with acetone for 10 min. Repeat this washing process 2x. 
		NOTE: Do not touch the outer surface of a support after the washing step. No other treatment was carried out (e.g., sonication, and rubbing by sandpaper, etc.)</li>
		<li>Dry the ...

<ol>
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V., Dotremont, C., Buekenhoudt, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Performance+of+Mitsui+NaA+type+zeolite+membranes+for+the+dehydration+of+organic+solvents+in+comparison+with+commercial+polymeric+pervaporation+membranes.">Performance of Mitsui NaA type zeolite membranes for the dehydration of organic solvents in comparison with commercial polymeric pervaporation membranes.</a> Separation and Purification Technology. 48, 304-309 (2006).</li><li>Kamimura, Y., Chaikittisilp, W., Itabashi, K., Shimojima, A., Okubo, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Critical+Factors+in+the+Seed-Assisted+Synthesis+of+Zeolite+Beta+and+"Green+Beta"+from+OSDA-Free+Na+-Aluminosilicate+Gels.">Critical Factors in the Seed-Assisted Synthesis of Zeolite Beta and "Green Beta" from OSDA-Free Na+-Aluminosilicate Gels.</a> Chemistry An Asian Journal. 5, 2182-2191 (2010).</li><li>Majano, G., Delmotte, L., Valtchev, V., Mintova, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Al-Rich+Zeolite+Beta+by+Seeding+in+the+Absence+of+Organic+Template.">Al-Rich Zeolite Beta by Seeding in the Absence of Organic Template.</a> Chemistry of Materials. 21, 4184-4191 (2009).</li><li>Sakai, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Formation+process+of+*BEA-type+zeolite+membrane+under+OSDA-free+conditions+and+its+separation+property.">Formation process of *BEA-type zeolite membrane under OSDA-free conditions and its separation property.</a> Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 284, 360-365 (2019).</li><li>Choi, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Grain+Boundary+Defect+Elimination+in+a+Zeolite+Membrane+by+Rapid+Thermal+Processing.">Grain Boundary Defect Elimination in a Zeolite Membrane by Rapid Thermal Processing.</a> Science. 325, 590-593 (2009).</li><li>Dong, J., Lin, Y. 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There are many kinds of Si and Al sources for zeolite synthesis. However, we cannot change raw materials for preparation of this *BEA-type membrane. If raw materials are changed, the phase of zeolite crystallized and/or growth rate may be changed.
Glass beakers cannot be used for synthesis gel preparation because the synthesis gel has high alkalinity. Bottles and beakers made of polyethylene, polypropylene, and Teflon can be used instead.
To prepare a higher quality...

Membrane separation has drawn attention as novel-energy saving separation process. Many types of membranes have been developed for the past decades. Polymeric membranes have been widely used for gas separation, creating drinkable water from sea water1, and wastewater treatment2.
Inorganic membrane materials like silica3, carbon molecular sieve4, and zeolite have advantages for thermal, chemical, and mechanical strength compared with polymeric membranes. Therefore, inorganic membranes tend to be used under more severe conditions, such as hydrocarbon separation in petroleum and petrochemical fields.
Zeolite has unique adsorption and molecular sieving properties due to its micropores. In addition, zeolite has a cation exchange ability that contributes to control zeolite&#39;s adsorption and molecular sieving properties. The number of cations in zeolite is determined by the Si/Al ratio of the zeolite structure. Therefore, the size of the micropores and Si/Al ratio are key characteristics that determine the permeation and separation properties of zeolite membranes. For these reasons, zeolite is a promising type of inorganic membrane material. Some zeolite membranes have already been commercialized for dehydration of organic solvents due to their hydrophilicity and molecular sieving properties5,6,7,8.
*BEA-type zeolite is an interesting membrane material because of its large pore size and wide Si/Al range. *BEA has generally been prepared by hydrothermal treatment using tetraethylammonium hydroxide as organic structure-directing agent (OSDA). However, the synthesis method using OSDA has economic and environmental disadvantages. Recently, a seed-assisted method for *BEA synthesis without using OSDA was reported9,10.
*BEA is an intergrowth crystal of polymorph A and polymorph B. Thereby, &#34;*&#34; represents an intergrowth material. At present, no bulk materials consisting only of polymorph A or B is known.
We have successfully prepared *BEA membranes without using OSDA by a modified seed-assisted method11. The *BEA membrane had very few defects and exhibited high separation performance for hydrocarbons due to its molecular sieving effect. It is well known that calcination to remove OSDA after synthesis is one of the most common causes of defect formation in zeolite membranes12,13. Our *BEA membrane prepared without using OSDA showed good separation performance possibly because this calcination step was skipped.
The preparation of zeolite membranes is based on know-how and experience accumulated in the laboratory. Consequently, it is difficult for a beginner to synthesize zeolite membranes alone. Here, we would like to share a protocol for *BEA membrane preparation as a reference for everyone who wants to start membrane synthesis.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>a-Al2O3 support</td>
			<td>Noritake Co. Ltd.</td>
			<td>NS-1</td>
			<td>Average pore size, 150 nm; Outer diameter, 10 mm; Innar diameter, 7 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Colloidal silica</td>
			<td>Nissan Chemical</td>
			<td>ST-S</td>
			<td>SiO2 30.5%, Na2O 0.44%, H2O 69.1%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mesh filter (PTFE membrane)</td>
			<td>Omnipore</td>
			<td>JGWP04700</td>
			<td>Pore size, 200 nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaAl2O</td>
			<td>Kanto Chemical</td>
			<td>34095-01</td>
			<td>Na2O 31.0-35.0%; Al2O3 34.0-39.0%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaOH</td>
			<td>Kanto Chemical</td>
			<td>37184-00</td>
			<td>97%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tetraethylammonium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>302929-500ML</td>
			<td>35 wt% solution</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

organic structure-directing agent-free synthesis for *bea-type zeolite membrane

Membrane separation has drawn attention as a novel-energy saving separation process. Zeolite membranes have great potential for hydrocarbon separation in petroleum and petrochemical fields because of their high thermal, chemical, and mechanical strength. A *BEA-type zeolite is an interesting membrane material because of its large pore size and wide Si/Al range. This manuscript presents a protocol for *BEA membrane preparation by a secondary growth method that does not use an organic structure-directing agent (OSDA). The preparation protocol consists of four steps: pretreatment of support, seed preparation, dip-coating, and membrane crystallization. First, the *BEA seed crystal is prepared by conventional hydrothermal synthesis using OSDA. The synthesized seed crystal is loaded on the outer surface of a 3 cm long tubular &#945;-Al2O3 support by a dip-coating method. The loaded seed layer is prepared with the secondary growth method using a hydrothermal treatment at 393 K for 7 days without using OSDA. A *BEA membrane having very few defects is successfully obtained. The seed preparation and dip-coating steps strongly affect the membrane quality.

Figure 1 shows the preparation procedure of the *BEA seed crystal. Figure 2 shows the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of synthesized *BEA seed crystal. Typical strong reflection peaks of (101) and (302) around 2q = 7.7 and 22.1&#176; appeared. In addition, no obvious reflection peaks other than the *BEA-type zeolite were observed. These results showed that the pure phase of *BEA zeolite was successfully synthesized.
A typical...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Organic Structure-directing Agent-free Synthesis for *BEA-type Zeolite Membrane at JoVE.com

Organic Structure-directing Agent-free Synthesis for *BEA-type Zeolite Membrane

A *BEA seed crystal was loaded on a porous &#945;-Al2O3 support by the dip-coating method, and hydrothermally grown without using an organic structure-directing agent. A *BEA-type zeolite membrane having very few defects was successfully prepared by the secondary growth method.

Membrane separation has drawn attention as a novel-energy saving separation process. Zeolite membranes have great potential for hydrocarbon separation in ...

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