Name: laser-capture microdissection rna-sequencing for spatial and temporal tissue-specific gene expression analysis in plants
Uploaded: 2020-08-05T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Laser-Capture Microdissection RNA-Sequencing for Spatial and Temporal Tissue-Specific Gene Expression Analysis in Plants at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (CE140100008) to JW. M.G.L was supported by a La Trobe University starting grant. We thank the La Trobe Genomics Platform for their support in high-throughput sequencing and data analysis. We thank Associate Professor Matthew Tucker for expert advice on establishing LCM in our lab.

As the final product is RNA, take care to avoid contaminating the work with RNases. Wearing gloves is a must. Use diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) -treated water, buffers, etc. Autoclave buffers and bake glassware before use.
1. Tissue fixation
<ol>
	<li>Prepare fixative of choice depending on the species and tissue types; for barley seed, use Farmer&#8217;s fixative (75% ethanol, 25% glacial acetic acid (v/v)).</li>
	<li>Chill the fixative on ice prior to harvesting tissues.</li>
	<li>Collect t...

<ol>
	<li>Emmert-Buck, M. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laser+capture+microdissection.">Laser capture microdissection.</a> Science. 274 (5289), 998-1001 (1996).</li><li>Alevizos, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oral+cancer+in+vivo+gene+expression+profiling+assisted+by+laser+capture+microdissection+and+microarray+analysis.">Oral cancer in vivo gene expression profiling assisted by laser capture microdissection and microarray analysis.</a> Oncogene. 20 (43), 6196-6204 (2001).</li><li>Cong, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+situ+localization+of+follicular+lymphoma:+description+and+analysis+by+laser+capture+microdissection.">In situ localization of follicular lymphoma: description and analysis by laser capture microdissection.</a> Blood, The Journal of the American Society of Hematology. 99 (9), 3376-3382 (2002).</li><li>Blokhina, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laser+capture+microdissection+protocol+for+xylem+tissues+of+woody+plants.">Laser capture microdissection protocol for xylem tissues of woody plants.</a> Frontiers in Plant Science. 7, 1965 (2017).</li><li>Casson, S., Spencer, M., Walker, K., Lindsey, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laser+capture+microdissection+for+the+analysis+of+gene+expression+during+embryogenesis+of+Arabidopsis.">Laser capture microdissection for the analysis of gene expression during embryogenesis of Arabidopsis.</a> The Plant Journal. 42 (1), 111-123 (2005).</li><li>Chen, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=LCM-seq+reveals+the+crucial+role+of+LsSOC1+in+heat-promoted+bolting+of+lettuce+(Lactuca+sativa+L.).">LCM-seq reveals the crucial role of LsSOC1 in heat-promoted bolting of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.).</a> The Plant Journal. 95 (3), 516-528 (2018).</li><li>Jiao, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+transcriptome+atlas+of+rice+cell+types+uncovers+cellular,+functional+and+developmental+hierarchies.">A transcriptome atlas of rice cell types uncovers cellular, functional and developmental hierarchies.</a> Nature Genetics. 41 (2), 258-263 (2009).</li><li>Kivivirta, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+protocol+for+laser+microdissection+(LMD)+followed+by+transcriptome+analysis+of+plant+reproductive+tissue+in+phylogenetically+distant+angiosperms.">A protocol for laser microdissection (LMD) followed by transcriptome analysis of plant reproductive tissue in phylogenetically distant angiosperms.</a> Plant Methods. 15 (1), 1-11 (2019).</li><li>Li, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+developmental+dynamics+of+the+maize+leaf+transcriptome.">The developmental dynamics of the maize leaf transcriptome.</a> Nature Genetics. 42 (12), 1060-1067 (2010).</li><li>Liew, L. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temporal+tissue-specific+regulation+of+transcriptomes+during+barley+(Hordeum+vulgare)+seed+germination.">Temporal tissue-specific regulation of transcriptomes during barley (Hordeum vulgare) seed germination.</a> The Plant Journal. 101 (3), 700-715 (2020).</li><li>Matas, A. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue-and+cell-type+specific+transcriptome+profiling+of+expanding+tomato+fruit+provides+insights+into+metabolic+and+regulatory+specialization+and+cuticle+formation.">Tissue-and cell-type specific transcriptome profiling of expanding tomato fruit provides insights into metabolic and regulatory specialization and cuticle formation.</a> The Plant Cell. 23 (11), 3893-3910 (2011).</li><li>Sakai, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Combining+laser-assisted+microdissection+(LAM)+and+RNA-seq+allows+to+perform+a+comprehensive+transcriptomic+analysis+of+epidermal+cells+of+Arabidopsis+embryo.">Combining laser-assisted microdissection (LAM) and RNA-seq allows to perform a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of epidermal cells of Arabidopsis embryo.</a> Plant Methods. 14 (1), 10 (2018).</li><li>Zhan, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RNA+Sequencing+of+Laser-Capture+Microdissected+compartments+of+the+maize+kernel+identifies+regulatory+modules+associated+with+endosperm+cell+differentiation.">RNA Sequencing of Laser-Capture Microdissected compartments of the maize kernel identifies regulatory modules associated with endosperm cell differentiation.</a> The Plant Cell. 27 (3), 513-531 (2015).</li><li>Hwang, B., Lee, J. H., Bang, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+RNA+sequencing+technologies+and+bioinformatics+pipelines.">Single-cell RNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatics pipelines.</a> Experimental &amp; Molecular Medicine. 50 (8), 1-14 (2018).</li><li>Zeb, Q., Wang, C., Shafiq, S., Liu, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Single-Cell Omics. , 101-135 (2019).</li><li>Deal, R. B., Henikoff, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+INTACT+method+for+cell+type-specific+gene+expression+and+chromatin+profiling+in+Arabidopsis+thaliana.">The INTACT method for cell type-specific gene expression and chromatin profiling in Arabidopsis thaliana.</a> Nature Protocols. 6 (1), 56 (2011).</li><li>Heiman, M., Kulicke, R., Fenster, R. J., Greengard, P., Heintz, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+type-specific+mRNA+purification+by+translating+ribosome+affinity+purification+(TRAP).">Cell type-specific mRNA purification by translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP).</a> Nature Protocols. 9 (6), 1282 (2014).</li><li>Bevilacqua, C., Ducos, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laser+microdissection:+A+powerful+tool+for+genomics+at+cell+level.">Laser microdissection: A powerful tool for genomics at cell level.</a> Molecular Aspects of Medicine. 59, 5-27 (2018).</li><li>Nelson, T., Tausta, S. L., Gandotra, N., Liu, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laser+microdissection+of+plant+tissue:+what+you+see+is+what+you+get.">Laser microdissection of plant tissue: what you see is what you get.</a> Annual Reviews in Plant Biology. 57, 181-201 (2006).</li><li>Day, R. C., Grossniklaus, U., Macknight, R. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Be+more+specific!+Laser-assisted+microdissection+of+plant+cells.">Be more specific! Laser-assisted microdissection of plant cells.</a> Trends in Plant Science. 10 (8), 397-406 (2005).</li><li>Takahashi, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+for+obtaining+high+quality+RNA+from+paraffin+sections+of+plant+tissues+by+laser+microdissection.">A method for obtaining high quality RNA from paraffin sections of plant tissues by laser microdissection.</a> Journal of Plant Research. 123 (6), 807-813 (2010).</li><li>Schroeder, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+RIN:+an+RNA+integrity+number+for+assigning+integrity+values+to+RNA+measurements.">The RIN: an RNA integrity number for assigning integrity values to RNA measurements.</a> BMC Molecular Biology. 7 (1), 3 (2006).</li><li>Ferreira, E. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Linear+mRNA+amplification+approach+for+RNAseq+from+limited+amount+of+RNA.">Linear mRNA amplification approach for RNAseq from limited amount of RNA.</a> Gene. 564 (2), 220-227 (2015).</li><li>Schneider, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systematic+analysis+of+T7+RNA+polymerase+based+in+vitro+linear+RNA+amplification+for+use+in+microarray+experiments.">Systematic analysis of T7 RNA polymerase based in vitro linear RNA amplification for use in microarray experiments.</a> BMC Genomics. 5 (1), 29 (2004).</li><li>Shanker, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+commercially+available+RNA+amplification+kits+for+RNA+sequencing+using+very+low+input+amounts+of+total+RNA.">Evaluation of commercially available RNA amplification kits for RNA sequencing using very low input amounts of total RNA.</a> Journal of Biomolecular Techniques. 26 (1), 4 (2015).</li><li>Bhattacherjee, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laser+capture+microdissection+of+fluorescently+labeled+embryonic+cranial+neural+crest+cells.">Laser capture microdissection of fluorescently labeled embryonic cranial neural crest cells.</a> Genesis. 39 (1), 58-64 (2004).</li><li>Cl&#233;ment-Ziza, M., Munnich, A., Lyonnet, S., Jaubert, F., Besmond, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stabilization+of+RNA+during+laser+capture+microdissection+by+performing+experiments+under+argon+atmosphere+or+using+ethanol+as+a+solvent+in+staining+solutions.">Stabilization of RNA during laser capture microdissection by performing experiments under argon atmosphere or using ethanol as a solvent in staining solutions.</a> RNA. 14 (12), 2698-2704 (2008).</li><li>Blokhina, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Parenchymal+Cells+Contribute+to+Lignification+of+Tracheids+in+Developing+Xylem+of+Norway+Spruce.">Parenchymal Cells Contribute to Lignification of Tracheids in Developing Xylem of Norway Spruce.</a> Plant Physiology. 181 (4), 1552-1572 (2019).</li><li>Schad, M., Lipton, M. S., Giavalisco, P., Smith, R. D., Kehr, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+two-dimensional+electrophoresis+and+liquid+chromatography-tandem+mass+spectrometry+for+tissue-specific+protein+profiling+of+laser-microdissected+plant+samples.">Evaluation of two-dimensional electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for tissue-specific protein profiling of laser-microdissected plant samples.</a> Electrophoresis. 26 (14), 2729-2738 (2005).</li><li>Schad, M., Mungur, R., Fiehn, O., Kehr, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolic+profiling+of+laser+microdissected+vascular+bundles+of+Arabidopsis+thaliana.">Metabolic profiling of laser microdissected vascular bundles of Arabidopsis thaliana.</a> Plant Methods. 1 (1), 2 (2005).</li><li>Latrasse, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+quest+for+epigenetic+regulation+underlying+unisexual+flower+development+in+Cucumis+melo.">The quest for epigenetic regulation underlying unisexual flower development in Cucumis melo.</a> Epigenetics &amp; Chromatin. 10 (1), 22 (2017).</li><li>Turco, G. 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Many tissue-specific gene expression studies have been limited by hand dissection of samples, which is time-consuming, labor intensive, has a high risk of contamination and can only utilize samples that a human operative is sufficiently dexterous to harvest. LCM is a precise and contact-free technique to collect cells from fixed tissue sections using a mechanically operated laser beam under microscopic visualization.
Good sample preparation is critical for LCM. The process relies upon proper f...

Plant development and growth involve the coordinated action of transcriptional regulatory networks within different cells that exist in a complex cellular environment. To understand the activity of these regulatory networks, we require the knowledge of spatial and temporal gene expression within different cell types across developmental stages. However, analyses of gene expression are more commonly conducted in whole organs or bulk tissue samples due to the technical challenge of isolating and analyzing small numbers of cells. The method we describe here has allowed obtaining spatial and temporal tissue-specific transcriptome analysis by coupling LCM with RNA-seq.
LCM was developed two decades ago by Emmert-Buck and colleagues1. The technique enabled researchers to precisely isolate single-cells or clusters of cells from their environment using direct microscopic visualization and manipulation with a narrow beam laser1. Since then the method has been widely used in cancer biology and pathology2,3. Many plant research groups have also adapted LCM for the use with different plant species and different tissue types4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11. Recently, several papers have also used LCM on eudicot and monocot seeds to study embryo, endosperms and other seed structures during seed development and germination10,12,13. Most of the other commonly used single-cell isolation methods such as micro-pipetting, cell sorting, magnetic separation and microfluidic platforms depend on the enzymatic digestion or mechanical homogenization to dissociate cells. This may perturb gene expression, introducing technical artefacts that confound data interpretation14,15. These methods also require previous knowledge of marker genes for each cell type to relate the dissociated cells to their spatial location and true cell-type. A further group of techniques depends on affinity-based isolation of subcellular structures instead of whole cells, for example INTACT (Isolation of Nuclei Tagged in Cell Types) and TRAP (Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification)16,17. However, affinity labeling and purification of nuclei or ribosomes are technically challenging in plant species that do not have well-established transformation protocols. LCM takes advantage of quick tissue fixation to preserve transcript levels and conventional histological identification by direct visualization of cells within their normal tissue/organ context, which allows discrete cells to be isolated in a short period of time18,19.
The protocol presented here is an optimized method for the isolation of specific cells or cell types from the tissue sections of cereal seeds, which can be applied to most of the cells that can be histologically identified. LCM provides a contact-free method of cell isolation, greatly reducing contamination and increasing integrity of recovered RNA. Furthermore, the method illustrates the power of LCM on large-scale genome wide studies starting with small quantities of biological materials. We also describe linear amplification of RNA for generating sufficient input material for downstream transcript/transcriptome analyses.
There are ten main steps in this LCM RNA-seq protocol for spatial and temporal tissue-specific transcriptomes, including fixation of tissue samples, dehydration, paraffin infiltration, embedding, sectioning, LCM, RNA extraction, RNA amplification, RNA quantification and qRT-PCR and/or RNA-seq (Figure 1).
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/61517/61517fig01.jpg" /> 
Figure 1: Flowchart of LCM followed by RNA-seq or qRT-PCR.&#160;LCM is a spatially precise and contact-free technique to collect cells from fixed tissue sections using a laser beam under microscopic visualization. The process starts with fixation of tissue samples, followed by dehydration using a gradient series of ethanol and xylene, and finished with paraffin infiltration. The process can be fully automated by using a tissue processor. Once the tissue is infiltrated with paraffin, it is embedded in a mold with molten paraffin using an embedding station. Sectioning is carried out using microtome set to the desired thickness. Slides are prepared and LCM conducted immediately before RNA is to be extracted from captured cells. RNA extraction is followed directly by two rounds of RNA amplification prior to qRT-PCR and/or RNA-seq. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/61517/61517fig01large.jpg" target="_blank">Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.</a>

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetic acid 100 % ACS/R.</td>
			<td>AnalaR NORMAPUR (BioStrategies)</td>
			<td>VWRC20104.323</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AdhesiveCap 200 opaque</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>415190-9181-000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Clear base moulds 8 X 10</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>3803015</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diethyl pyrocarbonate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>40718-25ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High Sensitivity RNA ScreenTape</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td>5067-5579</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Low&#173;profile disp.blades DB80LS</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>14035843489</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MembraneSlide 1.0 PEN</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>415190-9041-000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MessageAmp II aRNA Amplification Kit</td>
			<td>Ambion (ThermoFisher)</td>
			<td>AMB17515</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>On-Column DNase I Digestion Set</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>DNASE70</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ovation RNA-Seq System V2</td>
			<td>NuGen (Integrated Science)</td>
			<td>7102-08</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraffin (Surgipath Paraplast)</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>39601006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PicoPure RNA Isolation Kit</td>
			<td>ABI (ThermoFisher)</td>
			<td>KIT0214</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RNaseZap RNase Decontamination Solution</td>
			<td>Ambion (ThermoFisher)</td>
			<td>AM9780</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylene</td>
			<td>AnalaR NORMAPUR (BioStrategies)</td>
			<td>VWRC28975.360</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica Benchtop Tissue Processor</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>TP1020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica Heated Paraffin Embedding Module</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>EG1150H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica Cold Plate</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>EG1150C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Safemate Class 2 Biological Safety Cabinets</td>
			<td>LAF Technologies Pty Ltd</td>
			<td>Safemate 1.5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica Fully Automated Rotary Microtome</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>RM2265</td>
			<td>with PALMRobo v 4.6 software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zeiss PALM MicroBeam LCM system</td>
			<td>Zeiss miscroscopy</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TapeStation</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td>TapeStation 2200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

laser-capture microdissection rna-sequencing for spatial and temporal tissue-specific gene expression analysis in plants

The development of a complex multicellular organism is governed by distinct cell types that have different transcriptional profiles. To identify transcriptional regulatory networks that govern developmental processes it is necessary to measure the spatial and temporal gene expression profiles of these individual cell types. Therefore, insight into the spatio-temporal control of gene expression is essential to gain understanding of how biological and developmental processes are regulated. Here, we describe a laser-capture microdissection (LCM) method to isolate small number of cells from three barley embryo organs over a time-course during germination followed by transcript profiling. The method consists of tissue fixation, tissue processing, paraffin embedding, sectioning, LCM and RNA extraction followed by real-time PCR or RNA-seq. This method has enabled us to obtain spatial and temporal profiles of seed organ transcriptomes from varying numbers of cells (tens to hundreds), providing much greater tissue-specificity than typical bulk-tissue analyses. From these data we were able to define and compare transcriptional regulatory networks as well as predict candidate regulatory transcription factors for individual tissues. The method should be applicable to other plant tissues with minimal optimization.

We generated spatial and temporal tissue-specific transcriptomes from barley seeds during germination using our LCM RNA-seq protocol10. The study was carried out by applying LCM RNA-seq to small number of cells from three embryo organs (plumule, radicle tip, scutellum) every 8 h over a 48 h time course during germination (0-48 h, 7 time points) (Figure 2A,B).
<img alt="Figure 2" class="xfigi...

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Laser-Capture Microdissection RNA-Sequencing for Spatial and Temporal Tissue-Specific Gene Expression Analysis in Plants

Presented here is a protocol for laser-capture microdissection (LCM) of plant tissues. LCM is a microscopic technique for isolating areas of tissue in a contamination-free manner. The procedure includes tissue fixation, paraffin embedding, sectioning, LCM and RNA extraction. RNA is used in the downstream tissue-specific, temporally resolved analysis of transcriptomes.

The development of a complex multicellular organism is governed by distinct cell types that have different transcriptional profiles. To identify ...

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