Name: surgical tips and tricks for performing porcine pancreas transplantation
Uploaded: 2022-07-20T14:50:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Surgical Tips and Tricks for Performing Porcine Pancreas Transplantation at JoVE.com

The protocol received ethical approval from the Animal Care Committee, Toronto general research institute. Animals received humane care in compliance with the National Society of Medical Research and Guide for the care of laboratory animals, National Institute of Health (NIH), Ontario, Canada. For this study, 15-week-old unrelated Yorkshire male swine, weighing 40-50 kg were used.
NOTE: The entire protocol of the study is divided into the following major steps: (i) Organ retrieval and back-tab...

<ol>
	<li>Gruessner, R. W., Gruessner, A. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+current+state+of+pancreas+transplantation.">The current state of pancreas transplantation.</a> Nature Reviews. Endocrinology. 9 (9), 555-562 (2013).</li><li>Redfield, R. R., Rickels, M. R., Naji, A., Odorico, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pancreas+transplantation+in+the+modern+era.">Pancreas transplantation in the modern era.</a> Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 45 (1), 145-166 (2016).</li><li>Canadian Institute for Health Information. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Annual+Statistics+on+Organ+Replacement+in+Canada:+Dialysis,+Tranplantation+and+Donation,+2009+to+2018.">Annual Statistics on Organ Replacement in Canada: Dialysis, Tranplantation and Donation, 2009 to 2018.</a> Canadian Institute for Health Information. , (2019).</li><li>Prudhomme, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ex-situ+perfusion+of+pancreas+for+whole-organ+transplantation:+Is+it+safe+and+feasible?A+systematic+review.">Ex-situ perfusion of pancreas for whole-organ transplantation: Is it safe and feasible?A systematic review.</a> Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology. 14 (1), 120-134 (2020).</li><li>Ferrer, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pig+pancreas+anatomy:+Implications+for+pancreas+procurement,+preservation,+and+islet+isolation.">Pig pancreas anatomy: Implications for pancreas procurement, preservation, and islet isolation.</a> Transplantation. 86 (11), 1503-1510 (2008).</li><li>Parmentier, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Normothermic+ex+vivo+pancreas+perfusion+for+the+preservation+of+pancreas+allografts+before+transplantation.">Normothermic ex vivo pancreas perfusion for the preservation of pancreas allografts before transplantation.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. , (2022).</li><li>Chaib, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Total+pancreatectomy:+Porcine+model+for+inducing+diabetes+-+Anatomical+assessment+and+surgical+aspects.">Total pancreatectomy: Porcine model for inducing diabetes - Anatomical assessment and surgical aspects.</a> European Surgical Research. 46 (1), 52-55 (2011).</li><li>Prudhomme, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Total+pancreatectomy+and+pancreatic+allotransplant+in+a+porcine+experimental+model.">Total pancreatectomy and pancreatic allotransplant in a porcine experimental model.</a> Experimental and Clinical Transplantation. 18 (3), 353-358 (2022).</li><li>Grussner, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Streptozotocin-induced+diabetes+mellitus+in+pigs.">Streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in pigs.</a> Hormone and Metabolic Research. 25 (4), 199-203 (1993).</li><li>Mazilescu, L. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Normothermic+ex+situ+pancreas+perfusion+for+the+preservation+of+porcine+pancreas+grafts.">Normothermic ex situ pancreas perfusion for the preservation of porcine pancreas grafts.</a> American Journal of Transplantation. 22 (5), 1339-1349 (2022).</li><li>Kumar, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ex+vivo+normothermic+porcine+pancreas:+A+physiological+model+for+preservation+and+transplant+study.">Ex vivo normothermic porcine pancreas: A physiological model for preservation and transplant study.</a> International Journal of Surgery. 54, 206-215 (2018).</li><li>Kaths, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Normothermic+ex+vivo+kidney+perfusion+for+the+preservation+of+kidney+grafts+prior+to+transplantation.">Normothermic ex vivo kidney perfusion for the preservation of kidney grafts prior to transplantation.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (101), e52909 (2015).</li></ol>

The current protocol has been performed to demonstrate the technique and the feasibility of pancreatectomy and pancreas allotransplantation in porcine models. The animals were observed for a period of 3 days after transplantation to demonstrate the reliability of the technique of pancreatectomy and the allotransplantation. All animals were monitored and nursed for 3 days after the surgery using a standardized animal care protocol of antibiotics, fluids, analgesics, supplemental nutrition, and immunosuppressants (i.e., cy...

Over the past several decades, there has been significant progress in perioperative management strategies and surgical techniques leading to the evolution of pancreas transplantation into one of the most promising strategies for the treatment of diabetes mellitus with end-stage renal disease (usually in conjunction with kidney transplantation)1. However, complications such as graft pancreatitis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and vascular thrombosis remain the biggest challenges to overcome to ensure successful outcomes, more so in the more damaged extended criteria grafts2. In addition, pancreas grafts are the most commonly discarded grafts from procurement and have the lowest utilization rates (9%) for any organ3. Therefore, machine perfusion aims to provide an optimum homeostatic milieu to the pancreas graft with the goal of increasing graft utilization rate, similar to what has been achieved in liver, kidney, and lung transplantation4. The porcine pancreatic anatomy is complex in terms of its lobular architecture (comprising three lobes), its extensions all around the mesenterico-portal axis, its mesenteric vascular variations (in 40%-50%), and its delicate vascular channels along the C loop of the duodenum5. These anatomical attributes contribute to a challenging dissection in both retrieval of the pancreato-duodenal graft and recipient pancreatectomy to induce an iatrogenic apancreatic diabetes state, i.e., surgically induced state of diabetes mellitus with a fasting glucose level above 8 mmol/L. Based on these features, porcine pancreatectomy with transplantation provides the closest possible replication of the technique that could be performed in humans as a definitive treatment against end-stage diabetes mellitus. The present article aims at covering the following aspects: (i) outline of the peri-operative porcine care during recipient pancreatectomy and pancreas graft implantation; (ii) technical step by step details of the recipient pancreatectomy and implantation of the pancreato-duodenal graft and (iii) tips and tricks of donor and recipient pancreatic operation in porcine models to minimize graft and recipient injury.

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surgical tips and tricks for performing porcine pancreas transplantation

Despite the promising results of pancreas transplantation in type 1 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, the biggest concern around this state-of-the-art technique remains the paucity of organs deemed fit for transplantation. High intravascular resistance, delicate intraparenchymal capillary framework, and complex lobular anatomy around the mesenteric vasculature are what make this organ more susceptible to injury and less tolerant to trivial trauma compared to organs such as the liver and kidney. Meticulous surgical dissection and judicious tissue handling form the cornerstone of the entire exercise of pancreas transplantation. Owing to morphological similarity between the anatomy of the porcine pancreas to the surrounding mesenteric vessels and the organs when compared to the human anatomy, demonstration of the technique in the porcine model could help to most accurately extrapolate this to a human setting. The present article aims to outline the essential surgical tips and tricks that need to be followed, in order to ensure a higher success rate of transplantation of this highly susceptible organ in a porcine 3-day survival model.

The peri-operative and post-operative, up to 3-day, biochemical parameters from the five pancreas transplant survival models are summarized below (numbered as PTX 1 to 5 in chronology). Of the five total pancreas transplants, all fared well during the 3-day survival period, as evident by their general well-being and the pancreatic injury and endocrine function tests. The results depicted below are representative of the experience of a 3-day survival model of recipient pancreatectomy followed by pancreas allotransplantati...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Surgical Tips and Tricks for Performing Porcine Pancreas Transplantation at JoVE.com

Surgical Tips and Tricks for Performing Porcine Pancreas Transplantation

The video article summarizes the technique of pancreatectomy and pancreas allotransplantation in a porcine 3-day survival model with a step-by-step description of the method and emphasis on the surgical tips and tricks to deal with the precarious and delicate porcine visceral anatomy.

Despite the promising results of pancreas transplantation in type 1 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, the biggest concern around this ...

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