Finanzierungsquellen: HL084087, HL089885, HL091475, S10RR027946, T32 GM07356

1. Vorbereitung für die Bildgebung <ol><li> Beginnen Sie mit der Sicherung eines Isofluran narkotisierten Maus, ein Tier-Handling-Plattform in der Rückenlage. Legen Sie eine Bugspitze über das Tier Nase und Mund, um 0,5-1% Isofluran liefern Zur Aufrechterhaltung der Anästhesie. </li><li> Sichern Sie die Pfoten von der Maus an die Elektroden mit der Durchführung von Gel. Angemessene EKG, Körpertemperatur auf 37 ° C und überprüfen Atemfrequenz für physiologische Beurteilung während der Bildgebung. </li><li> Bewerben Enthaarungscreme, die Brust und Oberbauch der Maus. </li><li> Nach 2 Minuten können nasse Gaze entfernen, um die Sahne. </li></ol> 2. Left parasternalen langen Achse <ol><li> Sobald die Maus für die Bildgebung vorbereitet worden, Neigung der linken Seite der Plattform zu drehen das Tier Handling Plattform 30 Grad um die anterioposterior Achse. </li><li> Richten Sie den Schallkopf in die vertikale Position und drehen 10 Grad mit der Kerbe im Gegenuhrzeigersinn zeigte auf dem hinteren Teil der Maus. </li><li> Als nächstes, während in der zweidimensionalen Ansicht / video &quot;B-mode&quot;, senken Sie den Schallkopf über die linke Parasternallinie bis das Herz in Sicht kommt. Sobald die Lungenarterie in Sicht kommt, sammeln Bilder und speichern sie. </li><li> Noch im B-Modus, bewegen Sie den Geber nach links oder rechts, bis die Aorta Abfluss und Spitze in Sicht kommen. Einige Drehung der Sonde kann es notwendig sein, um die richtige Ausrichtung der Längsachse des Herzens zu gewährleisten. </li><li> Verwenden Sie Video-Capture-Daten für die anschließende Analyse zu erhalten. Minimieren Sie das Sichtfeld auf die höchste Framerate für nachgelagerte regionale Belastung Analysen zu gewährleisten. Jedes Mal, wenn ein Video aufgenommen wird, sind die vor 100 Bilder gespeichert. </li><li> Wechseln Sie auf die Farb-Doppler-Modus, indem Sie &quot;Color Doppler.&quot; Obwohl Farb-Doppler ist seit über 30 Jahren beim Menschen zur Verfügung, hat diese Technologie erst seit kurzem in Nagetier Ultraschall möglich. </li><li> Um schnell überwachen die Richtung und Geschwindigkeit des Blutflusses, digitalisiert die Doppler Fenster überlagern die Strömung von rot und zeigt Anströmung der Sonde zu blau, was darauf hinweist abfließen von der Sonde. Erwerben Sie die benötigten Bilder von Bild zu erfassen. </li><li> Sobald alle Farb-Doppler-Daten erhalten worden ist, schalten Sie das Gerät an Pulse-Wave-Doppler-Modus, der eindimensionalen Sicht verwendet werden, um digital zu beurteilen Blutfluss Richtung und Geschwindigkeit über die Zeit. </li><li> Bewegen Sie die Sonde leicht in Richtung der Spitze der Maus, bis die Lungenarterie in Sicht kommt. Im Rahmen der Herzinsuffizienz kann PW / Color Doppler-Messungen der Lungenarterie als Surrogat für die Funktion der rechten Herzkammer eingesetzt werden. Machen Sie Bilder wie gewünscht. </li></ol> 3. Left Mitte papillären kurzen Achse <ol><li> Short-Achse Echokardiographie stellt eine Ansicht des gesamten linken Ventrikels Contracting in einer konzentrischen Mode, und eine genaue B-und M-Modus fundierte Beurteilung der Herzfunktion und Morphometrie. </li><li> In B-Modus, der parasternal langen Achse, drehen Sie den Schallkopf senkrecht auf der linken Seite parasternal langen Achse auf der Ebene der Papillarmuskel. </li><li> Korrekte Lage entlang der Länge des linken Ventrikels. Beide Papillarmuskeln muss deutlich sichtbar und getrennt, was eine horizontale Querschnitt. </li><li> Mit dem M-Modus, Ort des Probenvolumens durch das Zentrum des Ventrikels und Daten erfassen. </li><li> Wenn gewünscht, befestigen, initiieren und nutzen Sie die 3-dimensionale Motor, um die Bilder, die für vollständige 3-dimensionale Rekonstruktion zu erhalten. </li><li> Physiology Einstellungen, einschließlich der Atemfrequenz und EKG, sind für Gating 3D Bilderfassung in Enddiastole gesetzt </li><li> Die 3D-Bildgebung Motor ist für die Bilderfassung in Enddiastole eingeleitet. </li><li> Sobald das Ende der Diastole 3D-Erfassung abgeschlossen ist, werden die Einstellungen für Physiologie Atemfrequenz und EKG-Gating setzen Sie die 3D-Bilderfassung in End-Systole </li><li> Die 3D-Bildgebung Motor ist für die Bilderfassung in End-Systole eingeleitet. </li></ol> 4. Subkostaler (vier Kammer) Blick <ol><li> Die subkostalen Sicht ist der beste Ansatz zur Messung von Kompetenz-und Druckgradienten über der Mitralklappe. </li><li> Neigen Sie die linke obere Ecke der Plattform ganz nach unten. Richten Sie den Sensor in Richtung der rechten Schulter der Maus, die Aufrechterhaltung der kurzen Achse Drehung der Sonde. </li><li> In B-mode, senken Sie den Schallkopf über den Oberbauch, so dass es unter stützt sich die Membrane. Visualisieren Sie die Mitralklappe mit Farb-Doppler, wie zuvor beschrieben. </li></ol> 5. Aorten-Ansicht <ol><li> Drehen Sie das Tier-Handling-Plattform in der linken Seitenlage. Die linke Seite der Plattform sollten so weit wie möglich geneigt werden. Als nächstes gekippt Ausrichtung des Wandlers, so weit oben wie möglich, entlang der Länge der Maus auf der Ebene derSchulterblatt. </li><li> Senken Sie den Schallkopf inferior in die rechte Schulter entlang der vorderen Axillarlinie. Visualisieren Sie die Aortenbogen und Bilder aufzunehmen. </li><li> Heben Sie den Kopf der Maus, und senken Sie den Schallkopf in das Jugulum der Maus. Visualisieren Sie die Durchblutung mittels Farb-Doppler, und Bilder aufzunehmen. </li></ol> 6. Repräsentative Ergebnisse <ol><li> Dies ist eine lange Achse Blick auf das Herz in B-Mode-Darstellung sowohl des linken Ventrikels und einen kleinen Teil des rechten Ventrikels. </li><li> Hier wurde ein linker kurzen Achse Blick auf ein anderes Herz in M-Modus aufgenommen. Das obere Bild zeigt die Position des Probenvolumens Linie in gelb durch die Mitte der Kammer. Das untere Bild ist eine eindimensionale Spur der Zeile oben im Laufe der Zeit sowie Berechnungen der Morphometrie in cyan </li><li> Dies ist eine Ansicht des Aortenbogens in B-Modus. Die geschlossene Aortenklappe kann auf der linken Seite zu sehen und die versorgenden Blutgefäße des Kopfes und der oberen Gliedmaßen der Maus kann auf der rechten Seite zu sehen. </li><li> Radial Dehnungs-Analyse wurde auf eine Maus vor der Entwicklung Dysfunktion, im oberen Bild gezeigt, und eine Maus mit globalen und regionalen hypokinesis Dyssynchronie, im unteren Bild dargestellt ist. Beide Phänotypen wurden durch Quer-Aorten-Verengung, einem Mausmodell für erhöhte Nachlast induziert. </li><li> In der Figur ist die Zeit auf der x-Achse und die radiale Belastung dargestellt, als ein Prozentsatz, ist auf der y-Achse dargestellt. Dehnungs-Analyse ermöglicht die regionale Beurteilung der Herzfunktion, die sonst möglicherweise in konventionellen Techniken wie M-Modus, der nur direkt misst Funktion des vorderen freien Wand und die hintere Wand unbemerkt. </li><li> Das vordere freie Wand ist in grün dargestellt. Die rosa Linie zeigt die Seitenwand in rosa dargestellt. Die hintere Wand wird in Cyan dargestellt. Der untere freie Wand ist in blau dargestellt. Die hintere Septumwand ist in gelb dargestellt. Die vorderen Septums ist in magenta dargestellt, und der Durchschnitt ist in schwarz dargestellt. </li></ol><img src="/files/ftp_upload/2100/2100fig1.jpg" alt="Abbildung 1" /> Abbildung 1. Left parasternal langen Achse in B-Modus. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2100/2100fig2.jpg" alt="Abbildung 2" /> Abbildung 2. Left kurzen Achse in M-Modus. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2100/2100fig3.jpg" alt="Abbildung 3" /> Abbildung 3. Des Aortenbogens in B-Modus anzeigen. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2100/2100fig4.jpg" alt="Abbildung 4" /> Abbildung 4. Radial Dehnungs-Analyse von zwei Mäuse 12 Wochen post-TAC. Grün = Ameise. frei an der Wand. Pink = Seitenwand. Cyan = Hinterwand. Blau = inf. frei an der Wand. Gelb = post. Septumwand. Magenta = vorderen Septums. Schwarz = durchschnittliche A) Maus mit erhaltener Funktion. B) Maus mit globalen und regionalen hypokinesis Dyssynchronie.

<ol>
	<li>Patten, R. D., Hall-Porter, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Small+animal+models+of+heart+failure:+development+of+novel+therapies,+past+and+present.">Small animal models of heart failure: development of novel therapies, past and present.</a> Circ Heart Fail. 2, 138-144 (2009).</li><li>Li, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantification+and+MRI+Validation+of+Regional+Contractile+Dysfunction+in+Mice+Post+Myocardial+Infarction+Using+High+Resolution+Ultrasound.">Quantification and MRI Validation of Regional Contractile Dysfunction in Mice Post Myocardial Infarction Using High Resolution Ultrasound.</a> Ultrasound in Medicine &#38; Biology. 33, 894-904 (2007).</li><li>Gardin, J. M., Siri, F. M., Kitsis, R. N., Edwards, J. G., Leinwand, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Echocardiographic+Assessment+of+Left+Ventricular+Mass+and+Systolic+Function+in+Mice.">Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Mass and Systolic Function in Mice.</a> Circ Res. 76, 907-914 (1995).</li><li>JG, S. t. e. v. e. n. s. o. n., Weiler, T. B. M., EA, H. o. w. a. r. d., Eyer, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Digital+multigate+Doppler+with+color+echo+and+Doppler+display+-+Diagnosis+of+atrial+and+ventricular+septal+defects.">Digital multigate Doppler with color echo and Doppler display - Diagnosis of atrial and ventricular septal defects.</a> Circulation. 60, (1979).</li><li>Patten, R. D., Aronovitz, M. J., Bridgman, P., Pandian, N. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+pulse+wave+and+color+flow+Doppler+echocardiography+in+mouse+models+of+human+disease.">Use of pulse wave and color flow Doppler echocardiography in mouse models of human disease.</a> J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 15, 708-714 (2002).</li><li>Hoit, B. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Echocardiographic+characterization+of+the+cardiovascular+phenotype+in+rodent+models.">Echocardiographic characterization of the cardiovascular phenotype in rodent models.</a> Toxicol Pathol. 34, 105-110 (2006).</li></ol>

Pistner, Belmonte, Blaxall: Nothing to Coulthard offenbart ist ein Vollzeit-Mitarbeiter von VisualSonics.

Serielle Hochfrequenz-Echokardiographie wurde als ein leistungsfähiges Werkzeug für non-invasive, hochauflösende Beurteilung der kardialen Morphologie und Funktion, vor allem in Mausmodellen von Herzkrankheiten entwickelt. Die Aufrechterhaltung physiologischer Körpertemperatur sowie vergleichbare Herzfrequenzen zwischen Mäusen durch Anpassung der Anästhesie Niveau vor dem Erwerb Bilder, ist entscheidend für den Erfolg dieser Methode. Alle Bilder sollten unter Verwendung der gleichen Biomarker (zB parasternal lang...

A correction was made to <a href="http://www.jove.com/index/details.stp?id=2100">Murine echocardiography and ultrasound imaging</a>. There was an error in the author, Burns Blaxalls', name and the article title. The authors name has been corrected to:
Burns C. Blaxall
instead of:
Burns Blaxall
The article title was changed to:
Murine Echocardiography and Ultrasound Imaging
instead of:
Murine echocardiography and ultrasound imaging

A correction to an author's name and the article title has been made for the article Murine echocardiography and ultrasound imaging.

Erratum: Murine echocardiography and ultrasound imaging

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<td>Vevo 2100 Imaging System (120V)</td>
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murine echocardiography and ultrasound imaging

Nagermodellen der kardialen Pathophysiologie stellen eine wertvolle Recherche-Tool, um Mechanismus der Krankheit sowie Erprobung neuer Therapeutika. 1 Echokardiographie bietet eine leistungsfähige, nicht-invasives Instrument, um seriell zu beurteilen kardiale Morphometrie und Funktion in einem lebenden Tier zu untersuchen. 2 Jedoch mit dieser Technik an Mäusen stellt einzigartige Herausforderungen aufgrund der geringen Größe und Herzrasen dieser Tiere. 3 Bis vor kurzem waren nur wenige Ultraschallsysteme ausführen kann Qualität Echokardiographie an Mäusen, und die in der Regel nicht über die Auflösung und Bildrate erforderlich, um wirklich quantitative Messungen zu erhalten . Neu freigegebene Systeme wie das VisualSonics Vevo2100 bieten neue Werkzeuge für Forscher, sorgfältig und nicht-invasiv zu untersuchen Herzfunktion bei Mäusen. Dieses System erzeugt Bilder mit hoher Auflösung und bietet Analysemöglichkeiten, wie sie mit menschlichen Patienten eingesetzt. Obwohl Farb-Doppler ist seit über 30 Jahren beim Menschen verfügbar ist, hat diese wertvolle Technologie erst seit kurzem in Nagetier Ultraschall möglich. 4,5 Farb-Doppler hat breites Anwendungspotenzial für Echokardiographie, einschließlich der Fähigkeit, schnell zu beurteilen Flow Ausrichtung in Behältern und durch Ventile, und schnell zu identifizieren Klappenregurgitation. Dehnungs-Analyse ist ein wichtiger Fortschritt, der genutzt werden, um quantitativ zu messen regionalen Myokardfunktion ist. 6 Diese Technik hat das Potenzial, um Veränderungen in der Pathologie oder die Auflösung der Pathologie zu erkennen, früher als herkömmliche Techniken. Gekoppelt mit der Zugabe von dreidimensionalen Bildrekonstruktion, volumetrische Beurteilung der ganzen Organen ist möglich, inklusive Visualisierung und Beurteilung der kardialen und vaskulären Strukturen. Murine-kompatiblen Kontrastbildgebung kann auch für volumetrische Messungen und Gewebedurchblutung Beurteilung zu ermöglichen.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Murine Echocardiography and Ultrasound Imaging at JoVE.com

Murine Echocardiography and Ultrasound Imaging

Dieses Video zeigt die Verwendung eines schienengebundenen Hochfrequenz-Ultraschall-Sonde zur Echokardiographie auf einer narkotisierten Maus durchführen. Die Methoden beschreiben sowohl herkömmliche zweidimensionale und M-Modus Messungen der Herzfunktion neben neuere, leistungsfähigere Werkzeuge wie Farb-Doppler-, Dehnungs-Analyse, sowie allgemeine und gezielte Kontrast-Bildgebung.

Murine Echokardiographie und Ultraschall-Bildgebung

Rodent models of cardiac pathophysiology represent a valuable research tool to investigate mechanism of disease as well as test new therapeutics.1  ...

murine-echocardiography-and-ultrasound-imaging

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

35.1K Aufrufe.  University of Rochester. Dieses Video zeigt die Verwendung eines schienengebundenen Hochfrequenz-Ultraschall-Sonde zur Echokardiographie auf einer narkotisierten Maus durchführen. Die Methoden beschreiben sowohl herkömmliche zweidimensionale und M-Modus Messungen der Herzfunktion neben neuere, leistungsfähigere Werkzeuge wie Farb-Doppler-, Dehnungs-Analyse, sowie allgemeine und gezielte Kontrast-Bildgebung.

Serie: Murine Echocardiography and Ultrasound Imaging

Transthoracic Echocardiography in Mice

In recent years, murine models have become the primary avenue for studying the molecular mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction resulting from changes in gene expression. Transgenic and gene targeting methods can be used to generate mice with altered cardiac size and function,1-3 and as a result, in vivo techniques are needed to evaluate their cardiac phenotype. Transthoracic echocardiography, pulse wave Doppler (PWD), and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) can be used to provide dimensional measurements of the mouse heart and to quantify the degree of cardiac systolic and diastolic performance. Two-dimensional imaging is used to detect abnormal anatomy or movements of the left ventricle, whereas M-mode echo is used for quantification of cardiac dimensions and contractility.4,5 In addition, PWD is used to quantify localized velocity of turbulent flow,6 whereas TDI is used to measure the velocity of myocardial motion.7 Thus, transthoracic echocardiography offers a comprehensive method for the noninvasive evaluation of cardiac function in mice.

Transthoracic echocardiography offers a noninvasive method for the evaluation of cardiac function in mice. A combination of ultrasound and Doppler imaging modalities can be used to obtain dimensional measurements of the heart and intracardiac blood flow, which together provide an assessment of cardiac systolic and diastolic performance.

Transthorakale Echokardiographie in Mäuse

In recent years, murine models have become the primary avenue for studying the molecular mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction resulting from changes in gene ...

Forschung

Medizin

Murine Fetal Echocardiography

Transgenic mice displaying abnormalities in cardiac development and function represent a powerful tool for the understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying both normal cardiovascular function and the pathophysiological basis of human cardiovascular disease. Fetal and perinatal death is a common feature when studying genetic alterations affecting cardiac development 1-3. In order to study the role of genetic or pharmacologic alterations in the early development of cardiac function, ultrasound imaging of the live fetus has become an important tool for early recognition of abnormalities and longitudinal follow-up. Noninvasive ultrasound imaging is an ideal method for detecting and studying congenital malformations and the impact on cardiac function prior to death 4. It allows early recognition of abnormalities in the living fetus and the progression of disease can be followed in utero with longitudinal studies 5,6. Until recently, imaging of fetal mouse hearts frequently involved invasive methods. The fetus had to be sacrificed to perform magnetic resonance microscopy and electron microscopy or surgically delivered for transillumination microscopy. An application of high-frequency probes with conventional 2-D and pulsed-wave Doppler imaging has been shown to provide measurements of cardiac contraction and heart rates during embryonic development with databases of normal developmental changes now available 6-10. M-mode imaging further provides important functional data, although, the proper imaging planes are often difficult to obtain. High-frequency ultrasound imaging of the fetus has improved 2-D resolution and can provide excellent information on the early development of cardiac structures 11.

Fetal and perinatal death is a common feature when studying genetic alterations affecting cardiac development. High-frequency ultrasound imaging has improved 2-D resolution and can provide excellent information on early cardiac development and is an ideal method to detect the impact on cardiac structure and function prior to death.

Murine fetale Echokardiographie

Transgenic mice displaying abnormalities in  cardiac development and function represent a powerful tool for the understanding  the molecular mechanisms ...

Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) results in abnormal cardiac function that is apparent antenatally due to advances in fetoplacental Doppler ultrasound and fetal echocardiography. Increasingly, these imaging modalities are being employed clinically to examine cardiac function and assess wellbeing in utero, thereby guiding timing of birth decisions. Here, we used a rabbit model of IUGR that allows analysis of cardiac function in a clinically relevant way. Using isoflurane induced anesthesia, IUGR is surgically created at gestational age day 25 by performing a laparotomy, exposing the bicornuate uterus and then ligating 40-50% of uteroplacental vessels supplying each gestational sac in a single uterine horn. The other horn in the rabbit bicornuate uterus serves as internal control fetuses. Then, after recovery at gestational age day 30 (full term), the same rabbit undergoes examination of fetal cardiac function. Anesthesia is induced with ketamine and xylazine intramuscularly, then maintained by a continuous intravenous infusion of ketamine and xylazine to minimize iatrogenic effects on fetal cardiac function. A repeat laparotomy is performed to expose each gestational sac and a microultrasound examination (VisualSonics VEVO 2100) of fetal cardiac function is performed. Placental insufficiency is evident by a raised pulsatility index or an absent or reversed end diastolic flow of the umbilical artery Doppler waveform. The ductus venosus and middle cerebral artery Doppler is then examined. Fetal echocardiography is performed by recording B mode, M mode and flow velocity waveforms in lateral and apical views. Offline calculations determine standard M-mode cardiac variables, tricuspid and mitral annular plane systolic excursion, speckle tracking and strain analysis, modified myocardial performance index and vascular flow velocity waveforms of interest. This small animal model of IUGR therefore affords examination of in utero cardiac function that is consistent with current clinical practice and is therefore useful in a translational research setting.

We describe examination of fetal cardiac function with contemporary functional fetal echocardiography and fetoplacental Doppler ultrasound using the VisualSonics VEVO 2100 microultrasound in a surgically induced model of intrauterine fetal growth restriction in a rabbit.

Fetale Echokardiographie und Pulsed-Wave-Doppler-Ultraschall in einem Kaninchen-Modell von Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) results in abnormal cardiac function that is apparent antenatally due to advances in fetoplacental Doppler ...

A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging

Ultrasound is an attractive modality for imaging muscle and tendon motion during dynamic tasks and can provide a complementary methodological approach for biomechanical studies in a clinical or laboratory setting. Towards this goal, methods for quantification of muscle kinematics from ultrasound imagery are being developed based on image processing. The temporal resolution of these methods is typically not sufficient for highly dynamic tasks, such as drop-landing. We propose a new approach that utilizes a Doppler method for quantifying muscle kinematics. We have developed a novel vector tissue Doppler imaging (vTDI) technique that can be used to measure musculoskeletal contraction velocity, strain and strain rate with sub-millisecond temporal resolution during dynamic activities using ultrasound. The goal of this preliminary study was to investigate the repeatability and potential applicability of the vTDI technique in measuring musculoskeletal velocities during a drop-landing task, in healthy subjects. The vTDI measurements can be performed concurrently with other biomechanical techniques, such as 3D motion capture for joint kinematics and kinetics, electromyography for timing of muscle activation and force plates for ground reaction force. Integration of these complementary techniques could lead to a better understanding of dynamic muscle function and dysfunction underlying the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of musculoskeletal disorders.

We describe a new ultrasound-based vector tissue Doppler imaging technique to measure muscle contraction velocity, strain and strain rate with sub-millisecond temporal resolution during dynamic activities. This approach provides complementary measurements of dynamic muscle function and could lead to a better understanding of mechanisms underlying musculoskeletal disorders.

A Novel Anwendung von Muskel-Skelett-Ultraschall-Bildgebung

Ultrasound is an attractive modality for imaging muscle and tendon  motion during dynamic tasks and can provide a complementary methodological  approach ...

Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging of Mouse Diaphragm Function

Function analysis of rodent respiratory skeletal muscles, particularly the diaphragm, is commonly performed by isolating muscle strips using invasive surgical procedures. Although this is an effective method of assessing in vitro diaphragm activity, it involves non-survival surgery. The application of non-invasive ultrasound imaging as an in vivo procedure is beneficial since it not only reduces the number of animals sacrificed, but is also suitable for monitoring disease progression in live mice. Thus, our ultrasound imaging method may likely assist in the development of novel therapies that alleviate muscle injury induced by various respiratory diseases. Particularly, in clinical diagnoses of obstructive lung diseases, ultrasound imaging has the potential to be used in conjunction with other standard tests to detect the early onset of diaphragm muscle fatigue. In the current protocol, we describe how to accurately evaluate diaphragm contractility in a mouse model using a diagnostic ultrasound imaging technique.

Diagnostic ultrasound imaging has proven to be effective in diagnosing various respiratory diseases in human and animal subjects. We demonstrate a comprehensive ultrasound protocol utilized by Dr. Zuo's lab to analyze diaphragm kinetics specifically in mouse models. This is also a non-invasive research technique which can provide quantitative information on mouse respiratory muscle function.

Diagnostische Ultraschall-Bildgebung der Maus Membranfunktion

Function analysis of rodent respiratory skeletal muscles, particularly the diaphragm, is commonly performed by isolating muscle strips using invasive ...

High-frequency Ultrasound Imaging of Mouse Cervical Lymph Nodes

High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) is widely employed as a non-invasive method for imaging internal anatomic structures in experimental small animal systems. HFUS has the ability to detect structures as small as 30 &#181;m, a property that has been utilized for visualizing superficial lymph nodes in rodents in brightness (B)-mode. Combining power Doppler with B-mode imaging allows for measuring circulatory blood flow within lymph nodes and other organs. While HFUS has been utilized for lymph node imaging in a number of mouse&#160; model systems, a detailed protocol describing HFUS imaging and characterization of the cervical lymph nodes in mice has not been reported. Here, we show that HFUS can be adapted to detect and characterize cervical lymph nodes in mice. Combined B-mode and power Doppler imaging can be used to detect increases in blood flow in immunologically-enlarged cervical nodes. We also describe the use of B-mode imaging to conduct fine needle biopsies of cervical lymph nodes to retrieve lymph tissue for histological&#160; analysis. Finally, software-aided steps are described to calculate changes in lymph node volume and to visualize changes in lymph node morphology following image reconstruction. The ability to visually monitor changes in cervical lymph node biology over time provides a simple and powerful technique for the non-invasive monitoring of cervical lymph node alterations in preclinical mouse models of oral cavity disease.

This protocol describes the application of high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) for imaging mouse cervical lymph nodes. This technique optimizes visualization and quantification of cervical lymph node morphology, volume and blood flow. Image-guided biopsy of cervical lymph nodes and processing of lymph tissue for histological evaluation is also demonstrated.

Hochfrequenz-Ultraschall-Bildgebung der Maus Halslymphknoten

High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) is widely employed as a non-invasive method for imaging internal anatomic structures in experimental small animal ...

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery

The present methodology teaches the investigator how to measure and use the LAV as a surrogate of chronic elevations in Left Ventricular diastolic pressure through echocardiography, as well as to obtain measurements of the Aorta and PA diameter in mice.
Mice older than 10 d of age can be analyzed using the present technique. The technique is composed of 3 main steps: set-up, image acquisition, and image analysis. The set-up step consists of getting the mouse anesthetized with 1% isoflurane, shaving it, and taping it in a supine position to a heated EKG board where the image acquisition will take place. The image acquisition step consists of learning to identify the cardiac structures and obtaining all the required images with its correspondent probe and axis in order to be able to calculate volumes and diameters. The image analysis step consists of measuring the previously acquired images with the aid of computer software.
Advantages of the proposed technique include a fast (15 min) procedure that would allow the researcher to evaluate interventions in a non-invasive, non-terminal approach and therefore follow the same mouse over time; each mouse can be used as its own control. This fact plus having the same operator perform all the acquisition and analysis for the entire experiment minimizes the limitation of operator-dependency. The present methodology is useful for mouse researchers in cardiovascular and pulmonary medicine.

The following protocol describes the methodology for the acquisition and analysis of echocardiographic images used to obtain the Left Atrial Volume (LAV), Aorta (Ao) diameter, and Pulmonary Artery (PA) diameter in mice. This technique is a non-invasive, non-terminal procedure that allows assessment of the cardiopulmonary function.

Murine Echokardiographie von Linker Vorhof, Aorta und Lungenarterie

The present methodology teaches the investigator how to measure and use the LAV as a surrogate of chronic elevations in Left Ventricular diastolic ...

Providing Visual Biofeedback Using Brightness Mode Ultrasound During a Golf Swing

Using ultrasound biofeedback in conjunction with verbal cueing can increase muscle thickness more than verbal cueing alone and may augment traditional rehabilitation techniques in an athletic, physically active population. Brightness mode (B-mode) ultrasound can be applied using frame-by-frame analysis synchronized with video to understand muscle thickness changes during these dynamic tasks. Visual biofeedback with ultrasound has been established in static positions for the muscles of the lateral abdominal wall. However, by securing the transducer to the abdomen using an elastic belt and foam block, biofeedback can be applied during more specific tasks prevalent in lifetime sports, such as golf. To analyze muscle activity during a golf swing, muscle thickness changes can be compared. The thickness must increase throughout the task, indicating that the muscle is more active. This methodology allows clinicians to immediately replay ultrasound videos for patients as a visual tool to instruct proper activity of the muscles of interest. For example, ultrasound can be used to target the external and internal obliques, which play an important role in swinging a golf club or any other rotational sport or activity. This methodology aims to increase oblique muscle thickness during the golf swing. Additionally, the timing of muscle contraction can be targeted by instructing the patient to contract the abdominal muscles at specific time points, such as the beginning of the downswing, with the goal of improving muscle firing patterns during tasks.

Brightness mode ultrasound can be used to provide visual biofeedback of the muscles of the lateral abdominal wall during a golf swing. Post-swing visual and verbal instruction can increase the muscle activation and timing of the external and internal obliques.

Bereitstellung von visuellem Biofeedback mit Helligkeitsmodus-Ultraschall während eines Golfschwungs

Using ultrasound biofeedback in conjunction with verbal cueing can increase muscle thickness more than verbal cueing alone and may augment traditional ...

Muscle Function Obtained with Motion Mode Ultrasound and Surface Electromyography during Core Endurance Exercise

Motion mode (M-mode) ultrasound allows researchers and clinicians to measure the change of muscle thickness across time. Muscle thickness can be measured between fascial borders at a given time point during an exercise. This selected time point produces a one-dimensional image resulting in real-time, live observation of anatomy. Ultrasound used during functional movement can be referred to as dynamic ultrasound; this is feasible and reliable with the use of a linear transducer, elastic belt, and foam block to secure consistent transducer placement. The lateral abdominal wall is commonly investigated using ultrasound due to the overlapping nature of the muscles. Surface electromyography (sEMG) can complement M-mode ultrasound imaging because it measures the electrical representation of muscle activation. There is minimal evidence using M-mode ultrasound and sEMG simultaneously during core exercise. Exercises that challenge the core musculature involve both isometric holds (e.g., side plank), as well as oscillatory extremity movements (e.g., dead bug). In this study, both instruments will be used simultaneously to measure core muscle function during exercise. Ultrasound measurements will be obtained using a linear transducer and ultrasound unit, and sEMG measurements will be acquired from a wireless sEMG system. To make comparisons between participants and exercises, normalization methods using static, exercise starting positions for both instruments will be used. An activation ratio will be used for ultrasound and calculated by dividing the contracted thickness (thickness during a time point of exercise) by the rested (starting position) thickness. Muscle thickness will be measured in centimeters from the superior inferior fascial border to inferior superior fascial border. These methods aim to offer an innovative and practical measurement of muscle function with M-mode ultrasound and sEMG during core endurance exercises.

This protocol uses motion mode ultrasound and surface electromyography simultaneously to measure muscle function of the core. Muscle thickness and activation of the local stabilizers (e.g., transverse abdominis, internal oblique) and global movers (e.g., external oblique) is achievable during specific time points of the side plank and dead bug exercises.

Muskelfunktion, die mit Bewegungsmodus-Ultraschall und Oberflächen-Elektromyographie während des Ausdauertrainings erreicht wird

Motion mode (M-mode) ultrasound allows researchers and clinicians to measure the change of muscle thickness across time. Muscle thickness can be measured ...

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn

The use of routine point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is increasing in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), with several centers advocating for 24 h equipment availability. In 2018, the sonographic algorithm for life-threatening emergencies (SAFE) protocol was published, which allows the assessment of neonates with sudden decompensation to identify abnormal contractility, tamponade, pneumothorax, and pleural effusion. In the study unit (with a consulting neonatal hemodynamics and POCUS service), the algorithm was adapted by including consolidated core steps to support at-risk newborns, aiding clinicians in managing cardiac arrest, and adding views to verify correct intubation. This paper presents a protocol that can be applied in the NICU and the delivery room (DR) in relation to three scenarios: cardiac arrest, hemodynamic deterioration, or respiratory decompensation. 
This protocol can be performed with a state-of-the-art ultrasound machine or an affordable handheld device; the image acquisition protocol is carefully detailed. This method was designed to be learned as a general competence to obtain the timely diagnosis of life-threatening scenarios; the method aims to save time but does not represent a substitute for comprehensive and standardized hemodynamic and radiological analyses by a multidisciplinary team, which might not universally be on call but needs to be involved in the process. From January 2019 to July 2022, in our center, 1,045 hemodynamic consultation/POCUS consults were performed with 25 patients requiring the modified SAFE protocol (2.3%), and a total of 19 procedures were performed. In five cases, trained fellows on call resolved life-threatening situations. Clinical examples are provided that show the importance of including this technique in the care of critical newborns.

Here, we present a protocol that can be applied in the neonatal intensive care unit and the delivery room in relation to three scenarios: cardiac arrest, hemodynamic deterioration, or respiratory decompensation. This protocol can be performed with a state-of-the-art ultrasound machine or an affordable handheld device; an image acquisition protocol is carefully detailed.

Ein modifizierter sonographischer Algorithmus zur Bildaufnahme in lebensbedrohlichen Notfällen beim kritisch kranken Neugeborenen

The use of routine point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is increasing in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), with several centers advocating for 24 h ...