Les sources de financement: HL084087, HL089885, HL091475, S10RR027946, T32 GM07356

1. Préparation pour l&#39;imagerie <ol><li> Commencez par la sécurisation d&#39;une souris isoflurane anesthésié pour une plate-forme d&#39;animaux de manipulation en position couchée. Placer un cône de nez sur le nez de l&#39;animal et de la bouche de livrer 0.5-1% d&#39;isoflurane pour maintenir l&#39;anesthésie. </li><li> Fixez les pattes de la souris pour les électrodes avec gel conducteur. S&#39;assurer que des ECG, la température corporelle à 37 ° C et vérifier la fréquence respiratoire pour l&#39;évaluation physiologique lors de l&#39;imagerie. </li><li> Appliquer la crème dépilatoire à l&#39;abdomen poitrine et le haut de la souris. </li><li> Après 2 minutes, l&#39;utilisation de gaze humide retirer à la crème. </li></ol> 2. Gauche parasternale long axe <ol><li> Une fois que la souris a été préparé pour l&#39;imagerie, l&#39;inclinaison du côté gauche de la plate-forme pour faire tourner la plate-forme de manipulation des animaux 30 degrés autour de l&#39;axe anterioposterior. </li><li> Orientez le capteur en position verticale et faire pivoter de 10 degrés sens antihoraire avec l&#39;encoche dirigée vers la partie postérieure de la souris. </li><li> Ensuite, alors que dans les deux dimensions visualisation / vidéo &quot;mode B&quot;, la baisse du transducteur sur la ligne parasternale gauche jusqu&#39;à ce que le coeur est en vue. Une fois l&#39;artère pulmonaire est en vue, de recueillir des images et de les stocker. </li><li> Toujours en mode B, déplacer le transducteur de gauche ou de droite jusqu&#39;à la sortie de l&#39;aorte et l&#39;apex venir en vue. Certains de rotation de la sonde peut être nécessaire pour assurer un bon alignement avec l&#39;axe long du cœur. </li><li> Utilisez la capture vidéo pour obtenir des données pour analyse ultérieure. Minimiser le champ de vision pour assurer le taux de rafraîchissement le plus élevé possible pour les analyses de contrainte aval régionale. Chaque fois qu&#39;une vidéo est capturée, les 100 cadres antérieurs sont enregistrés. </li><li> Passez en mode Doppler couleur en sélectionnant «Doppler couleur.&quot; Bien Doppler couleur a été disponible pendant plus de 30 ans chez l&#39;homme, cette technologie a récemment été possible en échographie rongeurs. </li><li> Pour contrôler rapidement la direction et la vitesse du flux sanguin, la superposition fenêtre Doppler numérise le flux du rouge, indiquant un écoulement vers la sonde, au bleu, indiquant s&#39;écouler loin de la sonde. Acquérir les images nécessaires par la capture d&#39;image. </li><li> Une fois toutes les données Doppler couleur a été obtenue, mettez l&#39;instrument à Pulse-Doppler mode, la vision unidimensionnelle utilisée pour évaluer numériquement la direction du flux sanguin et la vitesse au cours du temps. </li><li> Déplacer la sonde légèrement vers la tête de la souris jusqu&#39;à ce que l&#39;artère pulmonaire est en vue. Dans le contexte de l&#39;insuffisance cardiaque, PW / Couleur mesures Doppler de l&#39;artère pulmonaire peut être utilisé comme substitut pour la fonction cardiaque droite. Capture d&#39;images comme vous le souhaitez. </li></ol> 3. Gauche mi-papillaire axe court <ol><li> Axe court échocardiographie fournit une vue d&#39;ensemble du ventricule gauche contracter de façon concentrique, et permet de précision B-et en mode M-évaluation basée sur la fonction cardiaque et la morphométrie. </li><li> En mode B, de la vue parasternale grand axe, rotation du transducteur orthogonale à la vue de gauche axe parasternale grand au niveau du muscle papillaire. </li><li> Assurez emplacement approprié le long du ventricule gauche. Les deux muscles papillaires doit être clairement visible et séparé, donnant une coupe horizontale vue. </li><li> Avec le mode M, placez le volume d&#39;échantillon à travers le centre du ventricule et l&#39;acquisition de données. </li><li> Si désiré, fixez, initier et utiliser le moteur en 3 dimensions pour obtenir les images nécessaires pour achever la reconstruction en 3 dimensions. </li><li> Physiologie des paramètres, y compris la fréquence respiratoire et de l&#39;ECG, sont fixés pour la capture d&#39;images en 3D dans gating fin de diastole </li><li> Le moteur d&#39;imagerie 3D est lancé pour la capture de l&#39;image en fin de diastole. </li><li> Une fois la capture 3D fin de diastole est terminée, les paramètres de la physiologie de la fréquence respiratoire et l&#39;ECG sont fixés pour séparer les capture d&#39;image 3D en fin de systole </li><li> Le moteur d&#39;imagerie 3D est lancé pour la capture de l&#39;image en fin de systole. </li></ol> 4. Sous-costale (quatre de chambre) vue <ol><li> La vue sous-costale est la meilleure approche pour mesurer les gradients de pression à travers la compétence et la valve mitrale. </li><li> Inclinez le coin supérieur gauche de la plate-forme tout en bas. Orientez le capteur vers l&#39;épaule droite de la souris, le maintien de l&#39;axe de rotation courte de la sonde. </li><li> En mode B, la baisse du transducteur sur l&#39;abdomen supérieur afin qu&#39;il repose en dessous du diaphragme. Visualisez la valve mitrale à l&#39;aide Doppler couleur comme décrit précédemment. </li></ol> 5. Aortique vue <ol><li> Tournez la plate-forme de traitement des animaux dans le décubitus latéral gauche. Le côté gauche de la plate-forme devrait être incliné autant que possible. Ensuite, orienter le transducteur, inclinée aussi loin que possible, le long de la longueur de la souris au niveau de laomoplate. </li><li> Abaissez le capteur inférieure à l&#39;épaule droite le long de la ligne axillaire antérieure. Visualisez la crosse aortique, et acquérir des images. </li><li> Soulevez la tête de la souris, et abaisser le transducteur dans la fourchette sternale de la souris. Visualiser la circulation sanguine en utilisant le Doppler couleur, et d&#39;acquérir des images. </li></ol> 6. Les résultats représentatifs <ol><li> C&#39;est une vision à long axe du cœur en mode B montrant à la fois le ventricule gauche et une petite partie du ventricule droit. </li><li> Ici, une vue courte axe de gauche d&#39;un autre coeur a été prise en mode M. L&#39;image du haut montre la position de la ligne de volume de l&#39;échantillon en jaune par le centre de la chambre. L&#39;image du bas est une trace unidimensionnel de la ligne ci-dessus au cours du temps ainsi que les calculs de la morphométrie en cyan </li><li> Ceci est une vue de la crosse aortique en mode B. La fermeture de la valve aortique peut être vu sur la gauche et les vaisseaux sanguins alimentant les membres tête et le haut de la souris peut être vu sur la droite. </li><li> Analyse des contraintes radiales a été réalisée sur une souris avant de développer un dysfonctionnement cardiaque, indiqué dans l&#39;image du haut, et une souris avec une hypokinésie globale et régionale asynchronisme, montré dans l&#39;image en bas. Les deux phénotypes ont été induites par une constriction aortique transverse, un modèle murin de la postcharge accrue. </li><li> Dans la figure, l&#39;heure est affichée sur l&#39;axe des x et la déformation radiale, en pourcentage, est indiquée sur l&#39;axe des y. Analyse des contraintes permet pour l&#39;évaluation régionale de la fonction cardiaque qui pourraient autrement passer inaperçus dans les techniques classiques telles que M-mode, qui ne mesure la fonction directe de la paroi antérieure libre et la paroi postérieure. </li><li> La paroi antérieure libre est représenté en vert. La ligne rose montre la paroi latérale est en rose. La paroi postérieure est montré dans le cyan. La paroi inférieure libre est représentée en bleu. La paroi postérieure du septum est représenté en jaune. Le septum antérieur est montré en magenta, et la moyenne est représentée en noir. </li></ol><img src="/files/ftp_upload/2100/2100fig1.jpg" alt="Figure 1" /> Figure 1. Vue parasternale gauche grand axe en mode B. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2100/2100fig2.jpg" alt="Figure 2" /> Figure 2. Vue gauche petit axe en M-mode. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2100/2100fig3.jpg" alt="Figure 3" /> Figure 3. Vue de l&#39;arc aortique en mode B. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2100/2100fig4.jpg" alt="Figure 4" /> Figure 4. Analyse des contraintes radiales de deux souris 12 semaines après la TAC. Vert = fourmi. paroi libre. Rose = paroi latérale. Cyan = paroi postérieure. Bleu = inf. paroi libre. Jaune = poste. paroi septale. Magenta = septum antérieur. Noir = moyenne de A) avec fonction souris préservée. B) de souris avec hypokinésie globale et régionale asynchronisme.

<ol>
	<li>Patten, R. D., Hall-Porter, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Small+animal+models+of+heart+failure:+development+of+novel+therapies,+past+and+present.">Small animal models of heart failure: development of novel therapies, past and present.</a> Circ Heart Fail. 2, 138-144 (2009).</li><li>Li, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantification+and+MRI+Validation+of+Regional+Contractile+Dysfunction+in+Mice+Post+Myocardial+Infarction+Using+High+Resolution+Ultrasound.">Quantification and MRI Validation of Regional Contractile Dysfunction in Mice Post Myocardial Infarction Using High Resolution Ultrasound.</a> Ultrasound in Medicine &#38; Biology. 33, 894-904 (2007).</li><li>Gardin, J. M., Siri, F. M., Kitsis, R. N., Edwards, J. G., Leinwand, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Echocardiographic+Assessment+of+Left+Ventricular+Mass+and+Systolic+Function+in+Mice.">Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Mass and Systolic Function in Mice.</a> Circ Res. 76, 907-914 (1995).</li><li>JG, S. t. e. v. e. n. s. o. n., Weiler, T. B. M., EA, H. o. w. a. r. d., Eyer, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Digital+multigate+Doppler+with+color+echo+and+Doppler+display+-+Diagnosis+of+atrial+and+ventricular+septal+defects.">Digital multigate Doppler with color echo and Doppler display - Diagnosis of atrial and ventricular septal defects.</a> Circulation. 60, (1979).</li><li>Patten, R. D., Aronovitz, M. J., Bridgman, P., Pandian, N. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+pulse+wave+and+color+flow+Doppler+echocardiography+in+mouse+models+of+human+disease.">Use of pulse wave and color flow Doppler echocardiography in mouse models of human disease.</a> J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 15, 708-714 (2002).</li><li>Hoit, B. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Echocardiographic+characterization+of+the+cardiovascular+phenotype+in+rodent+models.">Echocardiographic characterization of the cardiovascular phenotype in rodent models.</a> Toxicol Pathol. 34, 105-110 (2006).</li></ol>

Pistner, Belmonte, Blaxall: Rien de divulguer Coulthard est un employé à temps plein de VisualSonics.

Serial échocardiographie à haute fréquence est apparue comme un outil puissant pour les non-invasive, à haute résolution d&#39;évaluation de la morphologie et la fonction cardiaques, en particulier dans des modèles murins de maladies cardiaques. Maintenir la température du corps physiologiques ainsi que les fréquences cardiaques comparables entre les souris en ajustant le niveau d&#39;anesthésie avant d&#39;acquérir des images, est essentielle à la réussite de cette méthode. Toutes les images doivent être...

A correction was made to <a href="http://www.jove.com/index/details.stp?id=2100">Murine echocardiography and ultrasound imaging</a>. There was an error in the author, Burns Blaxalls', name and the article title. The authors name has been corrected to:
Burns C. Blaxall
instead of:
Burns Blaxall
The article title was changed to:
Murine Echocardiography and Ultrasound Imaging
instead of:
Murine echocardiography and ultrasound imaging

A correction to an author's name and the article title has been made for the article Murine echocardiography and ultrasound imaging.

Erratum: Murine echocardiography and ultrasound imaging

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<td>Vevo 2100 Imaging System (120V)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Parker Laboratories</td>
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murine echocardiography and ultrasound imaging

Des modèles de rongeurs physiopathologie cardiaque représentent un précieux outil de recherche pour étudier un mécanisme de la maladie ainsi que de tester de nouvelles thérapies. 1 L&#39;échocardiographie fournit un puissant, non-invasif outil pour évaluer la morphométrie en série et la fonction cardiaques chez un animal vivant. 2 Toutefois, en utilisant cette technique sur des souris pose des défis uniques en raison de la petite taille et la fréquence cardiaque rapide de ces animaux. 3 Jusqu&#39;à récemment, les systèmes à ultrasons ont été rares capable d&#39;effectuer une échocardiographie de qualité sur des souris, et ceux qui manquaient généralement de la résolution de l&#39;image et la cadence nécessaire pour obtenir des mesures quantitatives vraiment . Les systèmes nouvellement libérés comme le Vevo2100 VisualSonics fournir de nouveaux outils pour les chercheurs de soin et de façon non invasive enquêter sur la fonction cardiaque chez la souris. Ce système génère des images à haute résolution et offre des capacités d&#39;analyse semblables à ceux utilisés avec les patients humains. Bien que le Doppler couleur a été disponible pendant plus de 30 ans chez l&#39;homme, cette précieuse technologie a récemment été possible en échographie rongeurs 4,5. Doppler couleur a de larges applications pour l&#39;échocardiographie, y compris la capacité à évaluer rapidement la directionnalité des flux dans les vaisseaux et à travers les soupapes, et d&#39;identifier rapidement la régurgitation valvulaire. Analyse des contraintes est un préalable essentiel qui est utilisé pour mesurer quantitativement la fonction myocardique régionale. 6 Cette technique a le potentiel de détecter des changements dans la pathologie, ou la résolution de la pathologie, plus tôt que les techniques conventionnelles. Couplé avec l&#39;ajout de reconstruction d&#39;image en trois dimensions, l&#39;évaluation volumétrique de l&#39;ensemble du organes est possible, y compris la visualisation et l&#39;évaluation des structures cardiaques et vasculaires. L&#39;imagerie de contraste murine-compatibles peuvent aussi permettre mesures volumétriques et d&#39;évaluation perfusion tissulaire.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Murine Echocardiography and Ultrasound Imaging at JoVE.com

Murine Echocardiography and Ultrasound Imaging

Cette vidéo montre l&#39;utilisation d&#39;un rail à haute fréquence sonde échographique pour réaliser une échocardiographie d&#39;une souris anesthésiée. Les méthodes de décrire à la fois des mesures conventionnelles à deux dimensions et en mode M de la fonction cardiaque, en plus de nouvelles, des outils plus puissants tels que le Doppler couleur, analyse des contraintes, ainsi que l&#39;imagerie de contraste générales et ciblées.

L&#39;échocardiographie et l&#39;imagerie par ultrasons murin

Rodent models of cardiac pathophysiology represent a valuable research tool to investigate mechanism of disease as well as test new therapeutics.1  ...

murine-echocardiography-and-ultrasound-imaging

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

34.9K vues.  University of Rochester. Cette vidéo montre l'utilisation d'un rail à haute fréquence sonde échographique pour réaliser une échocardiographie d'une souris anesthésiée. Les méthodes de décrire à la fois des mesures conventionnelles à deux dimensions et en mode M de la fonction cardiaque, en plus de nouvelles, des outils plus puissants tels que le Doppler couleur, analyse des contraintes, ainsi que l'imagerie de contraste générales et ciblées.

Vidéo: Murine Echocardiography and Ultrasound Imaging

Transthoracic Echocardiography in Mice

In recent years, murine models have become the primary avenue for studying the molecular mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction resulting from changes in gene expression. Transgenic and gene targeting methods can be used to generate mice with altered cardiac size and function,1-3 and as a result, in vivo techniques are needed to evaluate their cardiac phenotype. Transthoracic echocardiography, pulse wave Doppler (PWD), and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) can be used to provide dimensional measurements of the mouse heart and to quantify the degree of cardiac systolic and diastolic performance. Two-dimensional imaging is used to detect abnormal anatomy or movements of the left ventricle, whereas M-mode echo is used for quantification of cardiac dimensions and contractility.4,5 In addition, PWD is used to quantify localized velocity of turbulent flow,6 whereas TDI is used to measure the velocity of myocardial motion.7 Thus, transthoracic echocardiography offers a comprehensive method for the noninvasive evaluation of cardiac function in mice.

Transthoracic echocardiography offers a noninvasive method for the evaluation of cardiac function in mice. A combination of ultrasound and Doppler imaging modalities can be used to obtain dimensional measurements of the heart and intracardiac blood flow, which together provide an assessment of cardiac systolic and diastolic performance.

L&#39;échocardiographie transthoracique chez la souris

In recent years, murine models have become the primary avenue for studying the molecular mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction resulting from changes in gene ...

Recherche

Médecine

Murine Fetal Echocardiography

Transgenic mice displaying abnormalities in cardiac development and function represent a powerful tool for the understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying both normal cardiovascular function and the pathophysiological basis of human cardiovascular disease. Fetal and perinatal death is a common feature when studying genetic alterations affecting cardiac development 1-3. In order to study the role of genetic or pharmacologic alterations in the early development of cardiac function, ultrasound imaging of the live fetus has become an important tool for early recognition of abnormalities and longitudinal follow-up. Noninvasive ultrasound imaging is an ideal method for detecting and studying congenital malformations and the impact on cardiac function prior to death 4. It allows early recognition of abnormalities in the living fetus and the progression of disease can be followed in utero with longitudinal studies 5,6. Until recently, imaging of fetal mouse hearts frequently involved invasive methods. The fetus had to be sacrificed to perform magnetic resonance microscopy and electron microscopy or surgically delivered for transillumination microscopy. An application of high-frequency probes with conventional 2-D and pulsed-wave Doppler imaging has been shown to provide measurements of cardiac contraction and heart rates during embryonic development with databases of normal developmental changes now available 6-10. M-mode imaging further provides important functional data, although, the proper imaging planes are often difficult to obtain. High-frequency ultrasound imaging of the fetus has improved 2-D resolution and can provide excellent information on the early development of cardiac structures 11.

Fetal and perinatal death is a common feature when studying genetic alterations affecting cardiac development. High-frequency ultrasound imaging has improved 2-D resolution and can provide excellent information on early cardiac development and is an ideal method to detect the impact on cardiac structure and function prior to death.

Murin échocardiographie fœtale

Transgenic mice displaying abnormalities in  cardiac development and function represent a powerful tool for the understanding  the molecular mechanisms ...

Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) results in abnormal cardiac function that is apparent antenatally due to advances in fetoplacental Doppler ultrasound and fetal echocardiography. Increasingly, these imaging modalities are being employed clinically to examine cardiac function and assess wellbeing in utero, thereby guiding timing of birth decisions. Here, we used a rabbit model of IUGR that allows analysis of cardiac function in a clinically relevant way. Using isoflurane induced anesthesia, IUGR is surgically created at gestational age day 25 by performing a laparotomy, exposing the bicornuate uterus and then ligating 40-50% of uteroplacental vessels supplying each gestational sac in a single uterine horn. The other horn in the rabbit bicornuate uterus serves as internal control fetuses. Then, after recovery at gestational age day 30 (full term), the same rabbit undergoes examination of fetal cardiac function. Anesthesia is induced with ketamine and xylazine intramuscularly, then maintained by a continuous intravenous infusion of ketamine and xylazine to minimize iatrogenic effects on fetal cardiac function. A repeat laparotomy is performed to expose each gestational sac and a microultrasound examination (VisualSonics VEVO 2100) of fetal cardiac function is performed. Placental insufficiency is evident by a raised pulsatility index or an absent or reversed end diastolic flow of the umbilical artery Doppler waveform. The ductus venosus and middle cerebral artery Doppler is then examined. Fetal echocardiography is performed by recording B mode, M mode and flow velocity waveforms in lateral and apical views. Offline calculations determine standard M-mode cardiac variables, tricuspid and mitral annular plane systolic excursion, speckle tracking and strain analysis, modified myocardial performance index and vascular flow velocity waveforms of interest. This small animal model of IUGR therefore affords examination of in utero cardiac function that is consistent with current clinical practice and is therefore useful in a translational research setting.

We describe examination of fetal cardiac function with contemporary functional fetal echocardiography and fetoplacental Doppler ultrasound using the VisualSonics VEVO 2100 microultrasound in a surgically induced model of intrauterine fetal growth restriction in a rabbit.

L&#39;échocardiographie fœtale et Pulsed-ondes ultrasons Doppler dans un modèle de lapin de la restriction de croissance intra-utérine

Fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) results in abnormal cardiac function that is apparent antenatally due to advances in fetoplacental Doppler ...

A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging

Ultrasound is an attractive modality for imaging muscle and tendon motion during dynamic tasks and can provide a complementary methodological approach for biomechanical studies in a clinical or laboratory setting. Towards this goal, methods for quantification of muscle kinematics from ultrasound imagery are being developed based on image processing. The temporal resolution of these methods is typically not sufficient for highly dynamic tasks, such as drop-landing. We propose a new approach that utilizes a Doppler method for quantifying muscle kinematics. We have developed a novel vector tissue Doppler imaging (vTDI) technique that can be used to measure musculoskeletal contraction velocity, strain and strain rate with sub-millisecond temporal resolution during dynamic activities using ultrasound. The goal of this preliminary study was to investigate the repeatability and potential applicability of the vTDI technique in measuring musculoskeletal velocities during a drop-landing task, in healthy subjects. The vTDI measurements can be performed concurrently with other biomechanical techniques, such as 3D motion capture for joint kinematics and kinetics, electromyography for timing of muscle activation and force plates for ground reaction force. Integration of these complementary techniques could lead to a better understanding of dynamic muscle function and dysfunction underlying the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of musculoskeletal disorders.

We describe a new ultrasound-based vector tissue Doppler imaging technique to measure muscle contraction velocity, strain and strain rate with sub-millisecond temporal resolution during dynamic activities. This approach provides complementary measurements of dynamic muscle function and could lead to a better understanding of mechanisms underlying musculoskeletal disorders.

Une application roman de l&#39;appareil locomoteur imagerie par ultrasons

Ultrasound is an attractive modality for imaging muscle and tendon  motion during dynamic tasks and can provide a complementary methodological  approach ...

Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging of Mouse Diaphragm Function

Function analysis of rodent respiratory skeletal muscles, particularly the diaphragm, is commonly performed by isolating muscle strips using invasive surgical procedures. Although this is an effective method of assessing in vitro diaphragm activity, it involves non-survival surgery. The application of non-invasive ultrasound imaging as an in vivo procedure is beneficial since it not only reduces the number of animals sacrificed, but is also suitable for monitoring disease progression in live mice. Thus, our ultrasound imaging method may likely assist in the development of novel therapies that alleviate muscle injury induced by various respiratory diseases. Particularly, in clinical diagnoses of obstructive lung diseases, ultrasound imaging has the potential to be used in conjunction with other standard tests to detect the early onset of diaphragm muscle fatigue. In the current protocol, we describe how to accurately evaluate diaphragm contractility in a mouse model using a diagnostic ultrasound imaging technique.

Diagnostic ultrasound imaging has proven to be effective in diagnosing various respiratory diseases in human and animal subjects. We demonstrate a comprehensive ultrasound protocol utilized by Dr. Zuo's lab to analyze diaphragm kinetics specifically in mouse models. This is also a non-invasive research technique which can provide quantitative information on mouse respiratory muscle function.

L&#39;échographie diagnostique de souris membrane Fonction

Function analysis of rodent respiratory skeletal muscles, particularly the diaphragm, is commonly performed by isolating muscle strips using invasive ...

High-frequency Ultrasound Imaging of Mouse Cervical Lymph Nodes

High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) is widely employed as a non-invasive method for imaging internal anatomic structures in experimental small animal systems. HFUS has the ability to detect structures as small as 30 &#181;m, a property that has been utilized for visualizing superficial lymph nodes in rodents in brightness (B)-mode. Combining power Doppler with B-mode imaging allows for measuring circulatory blood flow within lymph nodes and other organs. While HFUS has been utilized for lymph node imaging in a number of mouse&#160; model systems, a detailed protocol describing HFUS imaging and characterization of the cervical lymph nodes in mice has not been reported. Here, we show that HFUS can be adapted to detect and characterize cervical lymph nodes in mice. Combined B-mode and power Doppler imaging can be used to detect increases in blood flow in immunologically-enlarged cervical nodes. We also describe the use of B-mode imaging to conduct fine needle biopsies of cervical lymph nodes to retrieve lymph tissue for histological&#160; analysis. Finally, software-aided steps are described to calculate changes in lymph node volume and to visualize changes in lymph node morphology following image reconstruction. The ability to visually monitor changes in cervical lymph node biology over time provides a simple and powerful technique for the non-invasive monitoring of cervical lymph node alterations in preclinical mouse models of oral cavity disease.

This protocol describes the application of high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) for imaging mouse cervical lymph nodes. This technique optimizes visualization and quantification of cervical lymph node morphology, volume and blood flow. Image-guided biopsy of cervical lymph nodes and processing of lymph tissue for histological evaluation is also demonstrated.

Haute fréquence imagerie par ultrasons de souris cervicales ganglions lymphatiques

High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) is widely employed as a non-invasive method for imaging internal anatomic structures in experimental small animal ...

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery

The present methodology teaches the investigator how to measure and use the LAV as a surrogate of chronic elevations in Left Ventricular diastolic pressure through echocardiography, as well as to obtain measurements of the Aorta and PA diameter in mice.
Mice older than 10 d of age can be analyzed using the present technique. The technique is composed of 3 main steps: set-up, image acquisition, and image analysis. The set-up step consists of getting the mouse anesthetized with 1% isoflurane, shaving it, and taping it in a supine position to a heated EKG board where the image acquisition will take place. The image acquisition step consists of learning to identify the cardiac structures and obtaining all the required images with its correspondent probe and axis in order to be able to calculate volumes and diameters. The image analysis step consists of measuring the previously acquired images with the aid of computer software.
Advantages of the proposed technique include a fast (15 min) procedure that would allow the researcher to evaluate interventions in a non-invasive, non-terminal approach and therefore follow the same mouse over time; each mouse can be used as its own control. This fact plus having the same operator perform all the acquisition and analysis for the entire experiment minimizes the limitation of operator-dependency. The present methodology is useful for mouse researchers in cardiovascular and pulmonary medicine.

The following protocol describes the methodology for the acquisition and analysis of echocardiographic images used to obtain the Left Atrial Volume (LAV), Aorta (Ao) diameter, and Pulmonary Artery (PA) diameter in mice. This technique is a non-invasive, non-terminal procedure that allows assessment of the cardiopulmonary function.

Murine échocardiographie de gauche Atrium, Aorte, et l&#39;artère pulmonaire

The present methodology teaches the investigator how to measure and use the LAV as a surrogate of chronic elevations in Left Ventricular diastolic ...

Quantitative Visualization of Leukocyte Infiltrate in a Murine Model of Fulminant Myocarditis by Light Sheet Microscopy

Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM), in combination with chemical clearing protocols, has become the gold standard for analyzing fluorescently labelled structures in large biological specimens, and is down to cellular resolution. Meanwhile, the constant refinement of underlying protocols and the enhanced availability of specialized commercial systems enable us to investigate the microstructure of whole mouse organs and even allow for the characterization of cellular behavior in various live-cell imaging approaches. Here, we describe a protocol for the spatial whole-mount visualization and quantification of the CD45+ leukocyte population in inflamed mouse hearts. The method employs a transgenic mouse strain (CD11c.DTR)that has recently been shown to serve as a robust, inducible model for the study of the development of fulminant fatal myocarditis, characterized by lethal cardiac arrhythmias. This protocol includes myocarditis induction, intravital antibody-mediated cell staining, organ preparation, and LSFM with subsequent computer-assisted image post-processing. Although presented as a highly-adapted method for our particular scientific question, the protocol represents the blueprint of an easily adjustable system that can also target completely different fluorescent structures in other organs and even in other species.

Here, we describe a light-sheet microscopy approach to visualize the cardiac CD45+ leukocyte infiltrate in a murine model of aseptic fulminant myocarditis, which is induced by the intratracheal diphtheria toxin treatment of CD11c.DTR mice.

Visualisation quantitative de l&#39;infiltration de leucocytes dans un modèle murin de myocardite fulminante par microscopie à feuilles lumineuses

Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM), in combination with chemical clearing protocols, has become the gold standard for analyzing fluorescently ...

Providing Visual Biofeedback Using Brightness Mode Ultrasound During a Golf Swing

Using ultrasound biofeedback in conjunction with verbal cueing can increase muscle thickness more than verbal cueing alone and may augment traditional rehabilitation techniques in an athletic, physically active population. Brightness mode (B-mode) ultrasound can be applied using frame-by-frame analysis synchronized with video to understand muscle thickness changes during these dynamic tasks. Visual biofeedback with ultrasound has been established in static positions for the muscles of the lateral abdominal wall. However, by securing the transducer to the abdomen using an elastic belt and foam block, biofeedback can be applied during more specific tasks prevalent in lifetime sports, such as golf. To analyze muscle activity during a golf swing, muscle thickness changes can be compared. The thickness must increase throughout the task, indicating that the muscle is more active. This methodology allows clinicians to immediately replay ultrasound videos for patients as a visual tool to instruct proper activity of the muscles of interest. For example, ultrasound can be used to target the external and internal obliques, which play an important role in swinging a golf club or any other rotational sport or activity. This methodology aims to increase oblique muscle thickness during the golf swing. Additionally, the timing of muscle contraction can be targeted by instructing the patient to contract the abdominal muscles at specific time points, such as the beginning of the downswing, with the goal of improving muscle firing patterns during tasks.

Brightness mode ultrasound can be used to provide visual biofeedback of the muscles of the lateral abdominal wall during a golf swing. Post-swing visual and verbal instruction can increase the muscle activation and timing of the external and internal obliques.

Fournir un biofeedback visuel à l’aide de l’échographie en mode luminosité pendant un swing de golf

Using ultrasound biofeedback in conjunction with verbal cueing can increase muscle thickness more than verbal cueing alone and may augment traditional ...

Muscle Function Obtained with Motion Mode Ultrasound and Surface Electromyography during Core Endurance Exercise

Motion mode (M-mode) ultrasound allows researchers and clinicians to measure the change of muscle thickness across time. Muscle thickness can be measured between fascial borders at a given time point during an exercise. This selected time point produces a one-dimensional image resulting in real-time, live observation of anatomy. Ultrasound used during functional movement can be referred to as dynamic ultrasound; this is feasible and reliable with the use of a linear transducer, elastic belt, and foam block to secure consistent transducer placement. The lateral abdominal wall is commonly investigated using ultrasound due to the overlapping nature of the muscles. Surface electromyography (sEMG) can complement M-mode ultrasound imaging because it measures the electrical representation of muscle activation. There is minimal evidence using M-mode ultrasound and sEMG simultaneously during core exercise. Exercises that challenge the core musculature involve both isometric holds (e.g., side plank), as well as oscillatory extremity movements (e.g., dead bug). In this study, both instruments will be used simultaneously to measure core muscle function during exercise. Ultrasound measurements will be obtained using a linear transducer and ultrasound unit, and sEMG measurements will be acquired from a wireless sEMG system. To make comparisons between participants and exercises, normalization methods using static, exercise starting positions for both instruments will be used. An activation ratio will be used for ultrasound and calculated by dividing the contracted thickness (thickness during a time point of exercise) by the rested (starting position) thickness. Muscle thickness will be measured in centimeters from the superior inferior fascial border to inferior superior fascial border. These methods aim to offer an innovative and practical measurement of muscle function with M-mode ultrasound and sEMG during core endurance exercises.

This protocol uses motion mode ultrasound and surface electromyography simultaneously to measure muscle function of the core. Muscle thickness and activation of the local stabilizers (e.g., transverse abdominis, internal oblique) and global movers (e.g., external oblique) is achievable during specific time points of the side plank and dead bug exercises.

Fonction musculaire obtenue avec l’échographie en mode mouvement et l’électromyographie de surface pendant l’exercice d’endurance de base

Motion mode (M-mode) ultrasound allows researchers and clinicians to measure the change of muscle thickness across time. Muscle thickness can be measured ...