Name: mouse pneumonectomy model of compensatory lung growth
Uploaded: 2014-12-17T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 22 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mouse Pneumonectomy Model of Compensatory Lung Growth at JoVE.com

The authors would like to acknowledge the Cincinnati Children&#8217;s Hospital Division of Veterinary Services for their assistance. This manuscript was supported by the National Institutes of Health K12 HD028827. Anna Perl PhD taught the authors this surgical procedure.

Uso affermazione Animal:: NOTA Tutte le procedure di questo studio sono stati condotti con l&#39;approvazione e seguendo le linee guida del Istituzionale uso degli animali e del Comitato Care (IACUC) dell&#39;Ospedale dei bambini di Cincinnati. Otto settimane di età C57BL / 6J maschi sono stati ottenuti da Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, ME) e permesso di ambientarsi per una settimana prima dell&#39;uso. Fino chirurgia, gli animali sono stati alloggiati in una struttura senza barriere-patogeno e fornito chow autoclavato e filtrata ad acqua libdium. Ogni gabbia mouse è stato alimentato con aria dedicato e acqua e sale sono stati mantenuti su una 12 hr ciclo giorno-notte. Dopo il recupero da un intervento chirurgico, i topi sono stati mantenuti in gabbie con cime filtrati, a condizione autoclavato chow ad libidum, e purché filtrata l&#39;acqua da una bottiglia d&#39;acqua. 1. Preparazione degli strumenti <ol><li> Rendere 6 divaricatori pelle utilizzando clip e perni di carta. Twist raddrizzò graffette sui gambi di perni di carta, lgronda un filo di acciaio diritto 5 cm da una estremità e fare un unico 0,5 centimetri gancio a forma di &quot;U&quot; alla fine del filo. </li><li> Fare circa 15 x 15 cm teli chirurgici quadrati con involucro di plastica. Preparare un condimento per ogni mouse. Mettere una torre di carta tra ogni involucro. </li><li> Sterilizzare tutti gli strumenti chirurgici con una pila di piastrelle 12 x 12 pollici sughero, garze e tamponi di cotone con punta. </li></ol> 2. Preparazione del mouse <ol><li> Indurre l&#39;anestesia con il 2% isoflurano. Pesare animale. </li><li> In un&#39;area dedicata, la preparazione chirurgica radersi torace sinistro e collo con il rasoio elettrico. </li><li> Applicare una goccia di lacrima artificiale unguento agli occhi del topo. </li><li> Decontaminare collo e torace sinistro con clorexidina e alcool isopropilico. Ripetere altre due volte. </li></ol> 3. mouse oro-tracheale intubazione e ventilazione meccanica <ol><li> Avere un luogo non sterile tecnico chirurgico la supina mouse nell&#39;area chirurgica pre-riscaldato.</li><li> Confermare profondità dell&#39;anestesia documentando la mancanza di una risposta a zampa pizzico. </li><li> Dopo aver lavato le mani e indossare abiti chirurgica, maschera e cappello, indossare guanti chirurgici sterili. </li><li> Dopo drappeggio e con tecnica asettica, fare una incisione verticale 1 centimetro sopra l&#39;anteriore a metà collo per esporre la laringe. Leggermente ritrarre i muscoli cinghia con curve dentata 10 centimetri pinze ed esporre la laringe e della trachea, diffondendo i muscoli cinghia con la punta di un paio di forbici diritte. </li><li> Via orale inserire un 22 G smussato punta angiocatheter nel mid-trachea (Figura 1A) e confermare visivamente il posizionamento (Figura 1B). Mantenere l&#39;anestesia e ventilare con 1-3% isoflurano attraverso roditori ventilatore (225 ml per ictus; 200 Stokes al minuto). Impiegare un limite pressione di 15 cm H 2 O. </li></ol> 4. mouse Pneumonectomia <ol><li> Posare il mouse in decubito laterale destro con la parte posteriore del topo di frontel&#39;operatore (lato sinistro in alto). Utilizzare un involucro di plastica autosigillante come un telino sterile. Taglio attraverso il drappo, utilizzare smussato forbici curve a punta per fare un taglio di due centimetri lungo parallelo alle costole al 4 ° e 5 ° spazio intercostale. Inserire la punta ricurva forbici spuntate e sezionare la pelle dalle costole sottostanti e muscoli intercostali. </li><li> Ritrarre la pelle con quattro divaricatori per esporre un quadrato di 1,5 x 1,5 centimetri finestra chirurgica (Figura 2A). Fissare i divaricatori alla scheda di sughero. </li><li> Sezionare fino a costine con pinze curve, e utilizzare una punta delle pinze curve di entrare nella cavità toracica. </li><li> Utilizzando la punta smussata micro-forbici, usare la lama inferiore per entrare nella cavità toracica. Eseguire un&#39;incisione 0,5 centimetri tra le costole e ripetere nella direzione opposta. </li><li> Utilizzando i due divaricatori rimanenti, aprire il torace nel asse anteriore-posteriore e la sicurezza dei divaricatori per la bacheca di sughero (Figura 2B). </li> &lt;li&gt; Uso curve pinze a punta smussata nella mano sinistra, afferrare il polmone sinistro e spostare la parte superiore del polmone sinistro lateralmente e inferiormente attraverso la toracotomia fino l&#39;arteria polmonare sinistra e dei bronchi sono esposti (Figura 3A, B). </li><li> Tenendo titanio applicatore microclip vascolare caricata nella mano destra con il corpo dell&#39;applicatore nel palmo e punta ricurva punta lontano dalla palma (Figura 3C), far scorrere la punta dell&#39;applicatore nel torace lungo la curvatura della faccia posteriore sinistra polmone e clip il bronco sinistro e l&#39;arteria polmonare (Figura 3D). </li><li> Rimuovere l&#39;applicatore ma mantenere il polmone sinistro retratto. Afferrare le smussati punta micro-forbici con la mano destra e tagliare il bronchi e polmonare distale al clip e rimuovere polmone sinistro (Figura 3E). </li><li> Rimuovere i divaricatori costali. </li><li> Utilizzare le pinze smussato curve a pizzicare 1 cm di pelle inferiori alla incisiacceso ma sopra del livello del diaframma e inserire un G angiocatheter 24 attraverso la pelle e nella cavità toracica sinistra (Figura 4A, B). </li><li> Utilizzare 5-0 prolene sutura di inserire due punti staccati in tutto il 4 ° e 5 ° costole per chiudere la cavità toracica. </li><li> Rimuovere i divaricatori pelle. Utilizzare due serie di pinze per approssimare la pelle lungo la lunghezza dell&#39;incisione e incollare la pelle chiusa. </li><li> Collegare una siringa luer-lock 3 ml al angiocatheter e rimuovere l&#39;aria residua applicando delicata aspirazione e il ritiro della angiocatheter. </li><li> Incollare l&#39;incisione collo chiuso con due set di pinze come prima. </li></ol> 5. mouse Sham Pneumonectomia <ol><li> Esporre il polmone sinistro, come indicato nel protocollo &quot;Mouse Pneumonectomia&quot;. Sollevare la gabbia toracica con una pinza smussato curve per consentire all&#39;aria nella cavità toracica sinistra (Figura 5A, B). </li><li> Posizionare un G angiocatheter 24 nel tho di sinistraRacic cavità come sopra facendo attenzione a non danneggiare il polmone sinistro. </li><li> Utilizzando 5-0 prolene sutura e facendo attenzione a non forare il polmone (figura 5C), posizionare due lunghezze di materiale di sutura nel 3 ° / 4 ° e 5 ° / 6 ° intercapedini costola (Figura 5D). Mettere entrambe le lunghezze di materiale di sutura prima di legare per ridurre i rischi di ernia del polmone sinistro. Legare il materiale di sutura per fare due punti interrotti (Figura 5E). </li><li> Incollare la pelle sopra l&#39;incisione toracica, rimuovere l&#39;aria residua con il angiocatheter, e incollare l&#39;incisione collo come sopra. </li></ol> 6. Rianimazione, Analgesia, e recupero <ol><li> Spegnere il isoflurano, e somministrare 0,1 mg / kg di buprenorfina e 0,5 ml di soluzione fisiologica normale per via sottocutanea. </li><li> Quando respirazioni spontanee riprendono, rimuovere il tubo endotracheale. </li><li> Osservare il mouse fino a quando non è di nuovo ambulatoriale. Walking tipicamente resumes diversi minuti dopo la rimozione del tubo endotracheale. </li><li> Posizionare il mouse in un 27 ° C incubatore (umidificato, 25% di ossigeno) per recuperare O / N. NOTA: Abbiamo posto diverse pellets di chow bagnato con acqua sul pavimento della gabbia per le prime 24 ore dopo l&#39;intervento chirurgico. </li><li> Somministrare 0,1 mg / kg di buprenorfina per via intraperitoneale due volte al giorno per tre giorni dopo l&#39;intervento. Fare attenzione a non aprire il sito chirurgico durante la manipolazione degli animali. </li></ol> 7. Monitoraggio mouse <ol><li> Pesare topi a 1, 3, 5, e 7 giorni dopo l&#39;intervento chirurgico. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

Abbiamo fornito la descrizione più dettagliata delle procedure PNX del mouse PNX e mouse farsa segnalati fino ad oggi. Abbiamo fatto il lettore a conoscenza di alcuni dei problemi comuni che gli investigatori di apprendimento la procedura comunemente incontrano, e abbiamo delineato diverse tecniche sviluppate dal nostro laboratorio per mitigare queste trappole. Altri laboratori che utilizzano questo modello possono sviluppare altre modifiche tecnica o utilizzare strumenti diversi. Nel valutare le differenze nelle tecni...

La funzione principale del polmone è di fornire ossigeno e anidride carbonica scambio tra un organismo e l&#39;atmosfera. Negli esseri umani, una serie di condizioni congenite ed acquisite portano a ridurre la superficie del polmone che si traduce in deficit della funzionalità respiratoria. Anche se una serie di terapie come corticosteroidi inalatori, broncodilatatori, ossigeno supplementare, e la ventilazione meccanica cronica sono utilizzati per attenuare le conseguenze di funzionalità polmonare ridotta 1-3, la terapia ideale per queste condizioni dovrebbe promuovere la ricrescita del tessuto polmonare funzionale - cioè, polmone rigenerazione. Rigenerazione dei tessuti dei mammiferi è stata ben documentata. L&#39;africano Mouse spinosi può rigenerare ampie aree di pelle senza formazione di cicatrici 4. La falange distale nell&#39;uomo può rigenerarsi dopo una lesione o amputazione 5-7. Dopo pneumonectomia (PNX), la crescita del polmone di compensazione avviene nei topi 8, ratti 9, dogs 10, e gli esseri umani 11. Per definizione, la crescita del polmone di compensazione coinvolge non solo l&#39;espansione di spazi aerei esistenti, ma ri-septation di questi spazi aerei allargata con l&#39;espansione del microcircolo associato 12. Analisi di espressione genica ha dimostrato che questo modello ricapitola molti degli eventi di segnalazione dello sviluppo polmonare 13. Quattro settimane dopo il mouse PNX, superficie alveolare è equivalente a quella di fittizie animali operati 14. In questo manoscritto, descriviamo la PNX mouse e procedure PNX fittizi.

<table><tbody><tr><td>6 inch Vascular clip applicator</td><td>Teleflex Medical (WECK)</td><td>137062</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Horizon small titanium red clip</td><td>Teleflex Medical (WECK)</td><td>1201</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Narrow pattern 12 cm curved forceps</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11003-12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Curved serrated 10 cm Graefe forceps</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11052-10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Castroviejo needle holder</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>12565-14</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Straight 9 cm Strabismus scissors (blunt tip)</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>14075-09</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Straight 8.5 cm hardened fine scissors</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>14090-09</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Straight, blunt tip Cohan-Vannas spring scissors</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>15000-12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Skin glue</td><td>Gluture</td><td>32046</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>22 G Angiocatheter</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>24 G Angiocatheter</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3 ml Luer lock syringe</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4 Short retractors</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2 Long retractors</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5-0 Prolene on curved cutting needle</td><td>Ethicon</td><td>8698G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.5 ml Syringe on 27 G needle</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Normal saline</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Buprenorphine</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Press-n-Seal wrap</td><td>Glad Products Company</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>12 x 12 inch Cork board stack</td><td>Office Depot</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>70% Ethanol</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Betadine</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mouse ventilator</td><td>Hugo Sachs Elektronnik</td><td>Minivent Type 845</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Isoflurane vaporizer</td><td>OHMEDA</td><td>Excel 210 SE</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Artificial tear ointment</td><td>Puralube</td><td>NDC: 17033-211-38</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

mouse pneumonectomy model of compensatory lung growth

In humans, disrupted repair and remodeling of injured lung contributes to a host of acute and chronic lung disorders which may ultimately lead to disability or death. Injury-based animal models of lung repair and regeneration are limited by injury-specific responses making it difficult to differentiate changes related to the injury response and injury resolution from changes related to lung repair and lung regeneration. However, use of animal models to identify these repair and regeneration signaling pathways is critical to the development of new therapies aimed at improving pulmonary function following lung injury. The mouse pneumonectomy model utilizes compensatory lung growth to isolate those repair and regeneration signals in order to more clearly define mechanisms of alveolar re-septation. Here, we describe our technique for performing mouse pneumonectomy and sham pneumonectomy. This technique may be utilized in conjunction with lineage tracing or other transgenic mouse models to define molecular and cellular mechanism of lung repair and regeneration.

. Una trama di PNX e sham gestito pesi del mouse viene fornito in figura 6 Nelle nostre mani, la sopravvivenza è costantemente 95-100% per entrambi PNX e sham pneumonectomia. Per una descrizione di come il polmone destro re-cresce in questo modello e il decorso previsto, rimandiamo il lettore di manoscritti di Gibney et al. 15 e Wang et al. 14 Diversi problemi comuni devono essere evitati per eseguire con successo le procedure sham pn...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mouse Pneumonectomy Model of Compensatory Lung Growth at JoVE.com

Mouse Pneumonectomy Model of Compensatory Lung Growth

Mouse pneumonectomy is a commonly employed model of compensatory lung growth. This procedure can be used in conjunction with lineage tracing or transgenic mouse models to elucidate underlying mechanisms.

Topo Pneumonectomia Modello di crescita compensatoria Lung

In humans, disrupted repair and remodeling of injured lung contributes to a host of acute and chronic lung disorders which may ultimately lead to ...

mouse-pneumonectomy-model-of-compensatory-lung-growth

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Medicine

12.8K Views.  Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Mouse pneumonectomy is a commonly employed model of compensatory lung growth. This procedure can be used in conjunction with lineage tracing or transgenic mouse models to elucidate underlying mechanisms.

Video: Mouse Pneumonectomy Model of Compensatory Lung Growth

Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation

Orthotopic lung transplantation in rats was first reported by Asimacopoulos and colleagues in 1971 1. Currently, this method is well accepted and standardized not only for the study of allo-rejection but also between syngeneic strains for examining mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation. Although the application of the rat and other large animal model 2 contributed significantly to the elucidation of these studies, the scope of those investigations is limited by the scarcity of knockout and transgenic rats. Due to no effective therapies for obliterative bronchiolitis, the leading cause of death in lung transplant patients, there has been an intensive search for pre-clinical models that replicate obliterative bronchiolitis. The tracheal allograft model is the most widely used and may reproduce some of the histopathologic features of obliterative bronchiolitis 3. However, the lack of an intact vasculature with no connection to the recipient's conducting airways, and incomplete pathologic features of obliterative bronchiolitis limit the utility of this model 4. Unlike transplantation of other solid organs, vascularized mouse lung transplants have only recently been reported by Okazaki and colleagues for the first time in 2007 5. Applying the basic principles of the rat lung transplant, our lab initiated the obliterative bronchiolitis model using minor histoincompatible antigen murine orthotopic single-left lung transplants which allows the further study of obliterative bronchiolitis immunopathogenesis6.

Obliterative bronchiolitis is the key impediment to the long-term survival of lung transplant recipients and the lack of a robust preclinical model precludes examining obliterative bronchiolitis immunopathogenesis. Unlike other solid organ transplants, vascularized mouse lung transplantation has only recently been developed. Here we show our independently developed obliterative bronchiolitis model after murine orthotopic single-lung transplantation.

Sviluppo di bronchiolite obliterante in un modello murino di trapianto polmonare ortotopico

Orthotopic lung transplantation in rats was first reported by Asimacopoulos and colleagues in 1971 1. Currently, this method is well accepted and ...

Ricerca

Medicina

A Standardized Method for Measuring Internal Lung Surface Area via Mouse Pneumonectomy and Prosthesis Implantation

Pulmonary morphology, physiology, and respiratory functions change in both physiological and pathological conditions. Internal lung surface area (ISA), representing the gas-exchange capacity of the lung, is a critical criterion to assess respiratory function. However, observer bias can significantly influence measured values for lung morphological parameters. The protocol that we describe here minimizes variations during measurements of two morphological parameters used for ISA calculation: internal lung volume (ILV) and mean linear intercept (MLI). Using ISA as a morphometric and functional parameter to determine the outcome of alveolar regeneration in both pneumonectomy (PNX) and prosthesis implantation mouse models, we found that the increased ISA following PNX treatment was significantly blocked by implantation of a prosthesis into the thoracic cavity1. The ability to accurately quantify ISA is not only expected to improve the reliability and reproducibility of lung function studies in injured-induced alveolar regeneration models, but also to promote mechanistic discoveries of multiple pulmonary diseases.

Internal lung surface area (ISA) is a critical criterion for assessing lung morphology and physiology in lung diseases and injury-induced alveolar regeneration. We describe here a standardized method that can minimize the measurement bias for ISA in both lung pneumonectomy and prosthesis implantation mouse models.

Un metodo standardizzato per la misurazione della superficie interna polmonare tramite la polmonite e l&#39;impianto di protesi

Pulmonary morphology, physiology, and respiratory functions change in both physiological and pathological conditions. Internal lung surface area (ISA), ...

Biologia dello sviluppo

Measurement of the Pressure-volume Curve in Mouse Lungs

In recent decades the mouse has become the primary animal model of a variety of lung diseases. In models of emphysema or fibrosis, the essential phenotypic changes are best assessed by measurement of the changes in lung elasticity. To best understand specific mechanisms underlying such pathologies in mice, it is essential to make functional measurements that can reflect the developing pathology. Although there are many ways to measure elasticity, the classical method is that of the total lung pressure-volume (PV) curve done over the whole range of lung volumes. This measurement has been made on adult lungs from nearly all mammalian species dating back almost 100 years, and such PV curves also played a major role in the discovery and understanding of the function of pulmonary surfactant in fetal lung development. Unfortunately, such total PV curves have not been widely reported in the mouse, despite the fact that they can provide useful information on the macroscopic effects of structural changes in the lung. Although partial PV curves measuring just the changes in lung volume are sometimes reported, without a measure of absolute volume, the nonlinear nature of the total PV curve makes these partial ones very difficult to interpret. In the present study, we describe a standardized way to measure the total PV curve. We have then tested the ability of these curves to detect changes in mouse lung structure in two common lung pathologies, emphysema and fibrosis. Results showed significant changes in several variables consistent with expected structural changes with these pathologies. This measurement of the lung PV curve in mice thus provides a straightforward means to monitor the progression of the pathophysiologic changes over time and the potential effect of therapeutic procedures.

Here we present a protocol to simply and reliably measure the lung pressure-volume curve in mice, showing that it is sufficiently sensitive to detect phenotypic parenchymal changes in two common lung pathologies, pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. This metric provides a means to quantify the lung&#8217;s structural changes with developing pathology.

Misura della curva di pressione-volume in mouse polmoni

In recent decades the mouse has become the primary animal model of a variety of lung diseases. In models of emphysema or fibrosis, the essential ...

Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation and lung parenchymal destruction. It has a very high incidence in aging populations. The current conventional therapies for COPD focus mainly on symptom-modifying drugs; thus, the development of new therapies is urgently needed. Qualified animal models of COPD could help to characterize the underlying mechanisms and can be used for new drug screening. Current COPD models, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced emphysema model, generate COPD-like lesions in the lungs and airways but do not otherwise resemble the pathogenesis of human COPD. A cigarette smoke (CS)-induced model remains one of the most popular because it not only simulates COPD-like lesions in the respiratory system, but it is also based on one of the main hazardous materials that causes COPD in humans. However, the time-consuming and labor-intensive aspects of the CS-induced model dramatically limit its application in new drug screening. In this study, we successfully generated a new COPD model by exposing mice to high levels of ozone. This model demonstrated the following: 1) decreased forced expiratory volume 25, 50, and 75/forced vital capacity (FEV25/FVC, FEV50/FVC, and FEV75/FVC), indicating the deterioration of lung function; 2) enlarged lung alveoli, with lung parenchymal destruction; 3) reduced fatigue time and distance; and 4) increased inflammation. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the ozone exposure (OE) model is a reliable animal model that is similar to humans because ozone overexposure is one of the etiological factors of COPD. Additionally, it only took 6 - 8 weeks, based on our previous work, to create an OE model, whereas it requires 3 - 12 months to induce the cigarette smoke model, indicating that the OE model might be a good choice for COPD research.

This study describes the successful generation of a new chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) animal model by repeatedly exposing mice to high concentrations of ozone.

Generazione di un modello di malattia polmonare ostruttiva cronica nei topi da esposizione ripetuta dell'ozono

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation and lung parenchymal destruction. It has a very high ...

The Left Pneumonectomy Combined with Monocrotaline or Sugen as a Model of Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats

In this protocol, we detail the correct procedural steps and necessary precautions to successfully perform a left pneumonectomy and induce PAH in rats with the additional administration of monocrotaline (MCT) or SU5416 (Sugen). We also compare these two models to other PAH models commonly used in research. In the last few years, the focus of animal PAH models has moved towards studying the mechanism of angioproliferation of plexiform lesions, in which the role of increased pulmonary blood flow is considered as an important trigger in the development of severe pulmonary vascular remodeling. One of the most promising rodent models of increased pulmonary flow is the unilateral left pneumonectomy combined with a "second hit" of MCT or Sugen. The removal of the left lung leads to increased and turbulent pulmonary blood flow and vascular remodeling. Currently, there is no detailed procedure of the pneumonectomy surgery in rats. This article details a step-by-step protocol of the pneumonectomy surgical procedure and post-operative care in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Briefly, the animal is anesthetized and the chest is opened. Once the left pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, and bronchus are visualized, they are ligated and the left lung is removed. The chest then closed and the animal recovered. Blood is forced to circulate only on the right lung. This increased vascular pressure leads to a progressive remodeling and occlusion of small pulmonary arteries. The second hit of MCT or Sugen is used one week post-surgery to induce endothelial dysfunction. The combination of increased blood flow in the lung and endothelial dysfunction produces severe PAH. The primary limitation of this procedure is that it requires general surgical skills.

The rodent left pneumonectomy is a valuable technique in pulmonary hypertension research. Here, we present a protocol to describe the rat pneumonectomy procedure and postoperative care to ensure minimal morbidity and mortality.

La pneumonectomia sinistra combinato con Monocrotaline o Sugen come un modello di ipertensione polmonare in ratti

In this protocol, we detail the correct procedural steps and necessary precautions to successfully perform a left pneumonectomy and induce PAH in rats ...

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) causes acute lung injury, characterized by rapid alveolar damage and severe hypoxemia. This, in turn, leads to high morbidity and mortality. Currently, there are no pre-clinical models that recapitulate the complexity of human ARDS. However, infectious models of pneumonia (PNA) can replicate the main pathophysiological features of ARDS. Here, we describe a model of PNA induced by the intratracheal instillation of live Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae in C57BL6 mice. In order to evaluate and characterize the model, after inducing injury, we carried out serial measurements of body weight and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for measuring markers of lung injury. Additionally, we harvested lungs for cell count and differentials, BAL protein quantification, cytospin, bacterial colony-forming unit counts, and histology. Lastly, high dimensional flow cytometry was performed. We propose this model as a tool to understand the immune landscape during the early and late resolution phases of lung injury.

This manuscript describes the establishment of an infectious model of pneumonia in mice and the respective characterization of injury resolution along with methods for growing bacteria and intratracheal instillation. A novel approach using high-dimensional flow cytometry to evaluate the immune landscape is also described.

Modello sperimentale per valutare la risoluzione della polmonite

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) causes acute lung injury, characterized by rapid alveolar damage and severe hypoxemia. This, in turn, leads to ...

Immunologia e infezioni

A Rat Lung Transplantation Model of Warm Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Optimizations to Improve Outcomes

From our experience with rat lung transplantation, we have found several areas for improvement. Information in the existing literature regarding methods for choosing appropriate cuff sizes for the pulmonary vein (PV), pulmonary artery (PA), or bronchus (Br) are varied, thus making the determination of proper cuff size during rat lung transplantation an exercise of trial and error. By standardizing the cuffing technique to use the smallest effective cuff appropriate for the size of the vessel or bronchus, one can make the transplantation procedure safer, faster, and more successful. Since diameters of the PV, PA, and Br are related to the body weight of the rat, we present a strategy to choosing an appropriate size using a weight-based guide. Since lung volume is also related to body weight, we recommend that this relationship should also be considered when choosing the proper volume of air for donor lung inflation during warm ischemia as well as for the proper volume of PBS to be instilled during bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid collection. We also describe methods for 4th intercostal space dissection, wound closure, and sample collection from both the native and transplanted lobes.

Here, we present optimizations to a rat lung transplantation model that serve to improve outcomes. We provide a size guide for cuffs based on body weight, a measurement strategy to ascertain the 4th intercostal space, and methods of wound closure and BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) fluid and tissue collection.

Un modello di trapianto di polmone di ratto di ischemia calda / danno da riperfusione: ottimizzazioni per migliorare i risultati

From our experience with rat lung transplantation, we have found several areas for improvement. Information in the existing literature regarding methods ...

Normothermic Negative Pressure Ventilation Ex Situ Lung Perfusion: Evaluation of Lung Function and Metabolism

Lung transplantation (LTx) remains the standard of care for end-stage lung disease. A shortage of suitable donor organs and concerns over donor organ quality exacerbated by excessive geographic transportation distance and stringent donor organ acceptance criteria pose limitations to current LTx efforts. Ex situ lung perfusion (ESLP) is an innovative technology that has shown promise in attenuating these limitations. The physiologic ventilation and perfusion of the lungs outside of the inflammatory milieu of the donor body affords ESLP several advantages over traditional cold static preservation (CSP). There is evidence that negative pressure ventilation (NPV) ESLP is superior to positive pressure ventilation (PPV) ESLP, with PPV inducing more significant ventilator-induced lung injury, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, pulmonary edema, and bullae formation. The NPV advantage is perhaps due to the homogenous distribution of intrathoracic pressure across the entire lung surface. The clinical safety and feasibility of a custom NPV-ESLP device have been demonstrated in a recent clinical trial involving extender criteria donor (ECD) human lungs. Herein, the use of this custom device is described in a juvenile porcine model of normothermic NPV-ESLP over a 12 h duration, paying particular attention to management techniques. Pre-surgical preparation, including ESLP software initialization, priming, and de-airing of the ESLP circuit, and the addition of anti-thrombotic, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory agents, is specified. The intraoperative techniques of central line insertion, lung biopsy, exsanguination, blood collection, cardiectomy, and pneumonectomy are described. Furthermore, particular focus is paid to anesthetic considerations, with anesthesia induction, maintenance, and dynamic modifications outlined. The protocol also specifies the custom device's initialization, maintenance, and termination of perfusion and ventilation. Dynamic organ management techniques, including alterations in ventilation and metabolic parameters to optimize organ function, are thoroughly described. Finally, the physiological and metabolic assessment of lung function is characterized and depicted in the representative results.

Normothermic Negative Pressure Ventilation Ex Situ Lung Perfusion: Evaluation of Lung Function and Metabolism

This paper describes a porcine model of negative pressure ventilation ex situ lung perfusion, including procurement, attachment, and management on the custom-made platform. Focus is made on anesthetic and surgical techniques, as well as troubleshooting.

Perfusione polmonare ex situ di ventilazione a pressione negativa normothermica: valutazione della funzione polmonare e del metabolismo

Lung transplantation (LTx) remains the standard of care for end-stage lung disease. A shortage of suitable donor organs and concerns over donor organ ...

A Simple Cuff Technique for Murine Left Lung Transplantation

Over the past decade, our laboratory has made significant progress in developing and refining vascularized mouse lung transplantation models using an efficient and highly reliable "cuff technique" of transplantation. This article describes a sophisticated and comprehensive method for orthotopic lung transplantation in a vascularized orthotopic lung model, representing the most physiologic and clinically relevant model of mouse lung transplantation to date. The transplantation process consists of two distinct stages: donor harvest and subsequent implantation into the recipient. The method has been successfully mastered, and with several months of sufficient training, a skilled practitioner can perform the procedure in approximately 90 min from skin-to-skin. Surprisingly, once individuals overcome the initial learning curve, the survival rate during the perioperative period approaches nearly 100%. The mouse model allows for the use of multiple commercially available transgenic and mutant strains of mice, enabling the study of tolerance and rejection. Additionally, the unique features of this model make it a valuable tool for investigating tumor biology and immunology.

The present protocol describes a cuff technique for a mouse left lung transplantation model. This technique has been developed over several years and has performed well, serving effectively in immunological research.

Over the past decade, our laboratory has made significant progress in developing and refining vascularized mouse lung transplantation models using an ...

Ex Vivo Porcine Experimental Model for Studying and Teaching Lung Mechanics

Mechanical ventilation is widely used and requires specific knowledge for understanding and management. Health professionals in this field may feel insecure and lack knowledge because of inadequate training and teaching methods. Therefore, the objective of this article is to outline the steps involved in generating an ex vivo porcine lung model to be used in the future, to study and teach lung mechanics. To generate the model, five porcine lungs were carefully removed from the thorax following the guidelines of the Animal Research Ethics Committee with adequate care and were connected to the mechanical ventilator through a tracheal cannula. These lungs were then subjected to the alveolar recruitment maneuver. Respiratory mechanics parameters were recorded, and video cameras were used to obtain videos of the lungs during this process. This process was repeated for five consecutive days. When not used, the lungs were kept refrigerated. The model showed different lung mechanics after the alveolar recruitment maneuver every day; not being influenced by the days, only by the maneuver. Therefore, we conclude that the ex vivo lung model can provide a better understanding of lung mechanics and its effects, and even of the alveolar recruitment maneuver through visual feedback during all stages of the process.

Ex Vivo Porcine Experimental Model for Studying and Teaching Lung Mechanics

We present an ex vivo pig lung model for the demonstration of pulmonary mechanics and alveolar recruitment maneuvers for teaching purposes. The lungs can be used for more than one day (up to five days) with minimal changes in pulmonary mechanics variables.

Ex Vivo Modello sperimentale suino per lo studio e l'insegnamento della meccanica polmonare

Mechanical ventilation is widely used and requires specific knowledge for understanding and management. Health professionals in this field may feel ...