Name: reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay for the specific and rapid detection of tilapia lake virus
Uploaded: 2020-05-18T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification RT-LAMP Assay for the Specific and Rapid Detection of Tilapia Lake Virus at JoVE.com

The project is financially funded by Thailand Research Fund (TRF) grant number RDG6050078 and the Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand under the Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of Thailand, Office of the Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Thailand. The research is supported in part by the Graduate Program Scholarship from the Graduate School, Kasetsart University. The authors would like to thank Dr. Kwanrawee Sirikanchana for the narrative speaking of the video and Piyawatchara Sikarin for editing the video.

This experiment, which involved the use of animal tissue, was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand (protocol number ACKU61-VET-009).
1. Tissue collection
<ol>
	<li>Euthanize tilapia fish using an overdose of clove oil (i.e., more than 3 mL/L). Tricaine methanesulfonate can be used as an alternative to clove oil.</li>
	<li>Use sterile mayo scissors and forceps to cut open the abdomen of the postmortem tilapia and excise approxi...

<ol>
	<li>Surachetpong, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Outbreaks+of+Tilapia+Lake+Virus+Infection,+Thailand,+2015-2016.">Outbreaks of Tilapia Lake Virus Infection, Thailand, 2015-2016.</a> Emerging Infectious Diseases. 23 (6), 1031-1033 (2017).</li><li>Eyngor, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+a+novel+RNA+virus+lethal+to+tilapia.">Identification of a novel RNA virus lethal to tilapia.</a> Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 52 (12), 4137-4146 (2014).</li><li>Adams, M. 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S., Keleher, B., Waltzek, T. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Complete+Genome+Sequence+of+a+Tilapia+Lake+Virus+Isolate+Obtained+from+Nile+Tilapia+(Oreochromis+niloticus).">Complete Genome Sequence of a Tilapia Lake Virus Isolate Obtained from Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).</a> Genome Announcements. 6 (26), (2018).</li><li>Thammatorn, W., Rawiwan, P., Surachetpong, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Minimal+risk+of+tilapia+lake+virus+transmission+via+frozen+tilapia+fillets.">Minimal risk of tilapia lake virus transmission via frozen tilapia fillets.</a> Journal of Fish Diseases. 42 (1), 3-9 (2019).</li><li>Fathi, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+Tilapia+Lake+Virus+in+Egypt+in+Nile+tilapia+affected+by+'summer+mortality'+syndrome.">Identification of Tilapia Lake Virus in Egypt in Nile tilapia affected by 'summer mortality' syndrome.</a> Aquaculture. 473, 430-432 (2017).</li><li>Tattiyapong, P., Sirikanchana, K., Surachetpong, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+and+validation+of+a+reverse+transcription+quantitative+polymerase+chain+reaction+for+tilapia+lake+virus+detection+in+clinical+samples+and+experimentally+challenged+fish.">Development and validation of a reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction for tilapia lake virus detection in clinical samples and experimentally challenged fish.</a> Journal of Fish Diseases. 41 (2), 255-261 (2018).</li><li>Waiyamitra, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+TaqMan+RT-qPCR+assay+for+tilapia+lake+virus+(TiLV)+detection+in+tilapia.">A TaqMan RT-qPCR assay for tilapia lake virus (TiLV) detection in tilapia.</a> Aquaculture. 497, 184-188 (2018).</li><li>Kembou Tsofack, J. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+Tilapia+Lake+Virus+in+Clinical+Samples+by+Culturing+and+Nested+Reverse+Transcription-PCR.">Detection of Tilapia Lake Virus in Clinical Samples by Culturing and Nested Reverse Transcription-PCR.</a> Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 55 (3), 759-767 (2017).</li><li>Dong, H. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Emergence+of+tilapia+lake+virus+in+Thailand+and+an+alternative+semi-nested+RT-PCR+for+detection.">Emergence of tilapia lake virus in Thailand and an alternative semi-nested RT-PCR for detection.</a> Aquaculture. 476, 111-118 (2017).</li><li>Notomi, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Loop-mediated+isothermal+amplification+of+DNA.">Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA.</a> Nucleic Acids Research. 28 (12), 63 (2000).</li><li>Mori, Y., Notomi, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Loop-mediated+isothermal+amplification+(LAMP):+a+rapid,+accurate,+and+cost-effective+diagnostic+method+for+infectious+diseases.">Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): a rapid, accurate, and cost-effective diagnostic method for infectious diseases.</a> Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy. 15 (2), 62-69 (2009).</li><li>Mori, Y., Nagamine, K., Tomita, N., Notomi, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+loop-mediated+isothermal+amplification+reaction+by+turbidity+derived+from+magnesium+pyrophosphate+formation.">Detection of loop-mediated isothermal amplification reaction by turbidity derived from magnesium pyrophosphate formation.</a> Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 289 (1), 150-154 (2001).</li><li>Caipang, C. M., Haraguchi, I., Ohira, T., Hirono, I., Aoki, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+detection+of+a+fish+iridovirus+using+loop-mediated+isothermal+amplification+(LAMP).">Rapid detection of a fish iridovirus using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP).</a> Journal of Virological Methods. 121 (2), 155-161 (2004).</li><li>Soliman, H., El-Matbouli, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+inexpensive+and+rapid+diagnostic+method+of+Koi+Herpesvirus+(KHV)+infection+by+loop-mediated+isothermal+amplification.">An inexpensive and rapid diagnostic method of Koi Herpesvirus (KHV) infection by loop-mediated isothermal amplification.</a> Virology Journal. 2, 83 (2005).</li><li>Gunimaladevi, I., Kono, T., Venugopal, M. N., Sakai, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+koi+herpesvirus+in+common+carp,+Cyprinus+carpio+L.,+by+loop-mediated+isothermal+amplification.">Detection of koi herpesvirus in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., by loop-mediated isothermal amplification.</a> Journal of Fish Diseases. 27 (10), 583-589 (2004).</li><li>Gunimaladevi, I., Kono, T., Lapatra, S. E., Sakai, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+loop+mediated+isothermal+amplification+(LAMP)+method+for+detection+of+infectious+hematopoietic+necrosis+virus+(IHNV)+in+rainbow+trout+(Oncorhynchus+mykiss).">A loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for detection of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).</a> Archives of Virology. 150 (5), 899-909 (2005).</li><li>Kono, T., Savan, R., Sakai, M., Itami, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+white+spot+syndrome+virus+in+shrimp+by+loop-mediated+isothermal+amplification.">Detection of white spot syndrome virus in shrimp by loop-mediated isothermal amplification.</a> Journal of Virological Methods. 115 (1), 59-65 (2004).</li><li>Soliman, H., El-Matbouli, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reverse+transcription+loop-mediated+isothermal+amplification+(RT-LAMP)+for+rapid+detection+of+viral+hemorrhagic+septicaemia+virus+(VHS).">Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) for rapid detection of viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHS).</a> Veterinary Microbiology. 114 (3-4), 205-213 (2006).</li><li>Yeh, H. Y., Shoemaker, C. A., Klesius, P. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+a+loop-mediated+isothermal+amplification+method+for+rapid+detection+of+channel+catfish+Ictalurus+punctatus+important+bacterial+pathogen+Edwardsiella+ictaluri.">Evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid detection of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus important bacterial pathogen Edwardsiella ictaluri.</a> Journal of Microbiological Methods. 63 (1), 36-44 (2005).</li><li>Yeh, H. Y., Shoemaker, C. A., Klesius, P. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sensitive+and+rapid+detection+of+Flavobacterium+columnare+in+channel+catfish+Ictalurus+punctatus+by+a+loop-mediated+isothermal+amplification+method.">Sensitive and rapid detection of Flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus by a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method.</a> Journal of Applied Microbiology. 100 (5), 919-925 (2006).</li><li>Sun, Z. F., Hu, C. Q., Ren, C. H., Shen, Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sensitive+and+rapid+detection+of+infectious+hypodermal+and+hematopoietic+necrosis+virus+(IHHNV)+in+shrimps+by+loop-mediated+isothermal+amplification.">Sensitive and rapid detection of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) in shrimps by loop-mediated isothermal amplification.</a> Journal of Virological Methods. 131 (1), 41-46 (2006).</li><li>Shivappa, R. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+spring+viraemia+of+carp+virus+(SVCV)+by+loop-mediated+isothermal+amplification+(LAMP)+in+koi+carp,+Cyprinus+carpio+L.">Detection of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in koi carp, Cyprinus carpio L.</a> Journal of Fish Diseases. 31 (4), 249-258 (2004).</li><li>Wei, X. N., Zheng, Z. J., Zhang, L. H., Qu, F., Huang, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sensitive+and+rapid+detection+of+Aeromonas+caviae+in+stool+samples+by+loop-mediated+isothermal+amplification.">Sensitive and rapid detection of Aeromonas caviae in stool samples by loop-mediated isothermal amplification.</a> Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 60 (1), 113-116 (2008).</li><li>Chinabut, S., Puttinaowarat, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+choice+of+disease+control+strategies+to+secure+international+market+access+for+aquaculture+products.">The choice of disease control strategies to secure international market access for aquaculture products.</a> Developmental Biology. 121, 255-261 (2005).</li><li>Soto, E., Yun, S., Surachetpong, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Susceptibility+of+Tilapia+Lake+Virus+to+buffered+Povidone-iodine+complex+and+chlorine.">Susceptibility of Tilapia Lake Virus to buffered Povidone-iodine complex and chlorine.</a> Aquaculture. 512, 734342 (2019).</li><li>Jaemwimol, P., Sirikanchana, K., Tattiyapong, P., Mongkolsuk, S., Surachetpong, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Virucidal+effects+of+common+disinfectants+against+tilapia+lake+virus.">Virucidal effects of common disinfectants against tilapia lake virus.</a> Journal of Fish Diseases. 42 (10), 1383-1389 (2019).</li><li>Jansen, M. D., Dong, H. T., Mohan, C. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tilapia+lake+virus:+a+threat+to+the+global+tilapia+industry.">Tilapia lake virus: a threat to the global tilapia industry.</a> Reviews in Aquaculture. 11 (3), 725-739 (2019).</li><li>Yin, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+simple+and+rapid+reverse+transcription-loopmediated+isothermal+amplification+(RT-LAMP)+assay+for+sensitive+detection+of+tilapia+lake+virus.">Development of a simple and rapid reverse transcription-loopmediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for sensitive detection of tilapia lake virus.</a> Journal of Fish Diseases. 42 (6), 817-824 (2019).</li><li>Savan, R., Kono, T., Itami, T., Sakai, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Loop-mediated+isothermal+amplification:+an+emerging+technology+for+detection+of+fish+and+shellfish+pathogens.">Loop-mediated isothermal amplification: an emerging technology for detection of fish and shellfish pathogens.</a> Journal of Fish Diseases. 28 (10), 573-581 (2005).</li><li>Phusantisampan, T., Tattiyapong, P., Mutrakulcharoen, P., Sriariyanun, M., Surachetpong, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+detection+of+tilapia+lake+virus+using+a+one-step+reverse+transcription+loop-mediated+isothermal+amplification+assay.">Rapid detection of tilapia lake virus using a one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay.</a> Aquaculture. 507, 35-39 (2019).</li><li>Liamnimitr, P., Thammatorn, W., U-thoomporn, S., Tattiyapong, P., Surachetpong, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Non-lethal+sampling+for+Tilapia+Lake+Virus+detection+by+RT-qPCR+and+cell+culture.">Non-lethal sampling for Tilapia Lake Virus detection by RT-qPCR and cell culture.</a> Aquaculture. 486, 75-80 (2018).</li><li>Yin, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+simple+and+rapid+reverse+transcription-loopmediated+isothermal+amplification+(RT-LAMP)+assay+for+sensitive+detection+of+tilapia+lake+virus.">Development of a simple and rapid reverse transcription-loopmediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for sensitive detection of tilapia lake virus.</a> Journal of Fish Diseases. 42 (6), 817-824 (2019).</li><li>Khan, R. 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A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+detection+of+infectious+bursal+disease+by+loop-mediated+isothermal+amplification+for+field+analysis.">Rapid detection of infectious bursal disease by loop-mediated isothermal amplification for field analysis.</a> Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research. 19 (2), 101-107 (2018).</li><li>Nagamine, K., Hase, T., Notomi, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Accelerated+reaction+by+loop-mediated+isothermal+amplification+using+loop+primers.">Accelerated reaction by loop-mediated isothermal amplification using loop primers.</a> Molecular and Cellular Probes. 16 (3), 223-229 (2002).</li><li>Debode, F., Marien, A., Janssen, E., Bragard, C., Berben, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+influence+of+amplicon+length+on+real-time+PCR+results.">The influence of amplicon length on real-time PCR results.</a> Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment. 21 (1), 3-11 (2017).</li></ol>

The aquaculture industry is continuously threatened by viral infections that cause substantial economic losses9,23,28. For instance, the emerging TiLV poses a major threat to tilapia-producing countries in many parts of the world1,6,9. Until now, there have been no specific therapeutics available to prevent TiLVD. While the development ...

Tilapia lake virus disease (TiLVD) is a viral disease in tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) that reportedly causes tilapia deaths in many regions of the world, including Asia1,2, Africa, and America. The disease was first recognized during the mass mortality of tilapia in 2009 in Israel, where the number of wild tilapia in Lake Kinneret plummeted dramatically from 257 to 8 tons per year2. The disease is caused by the tilapia lake virus (TiLV), which has been assigned to the family Amnoonviridae as a new genus Tilapinevirus and a new species Tilapia tilapinevirus3. Genetic characterization of TiLV showed that the virus is a novel enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that has 10 segments encoding 10 proteins1,2,4. Various species of tilapia in the genus Sarotherodon, Oreochromis, and Tilapine and other warm water fish (e.g., giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy)) have been shown to be susceptible to TiLV2,5. Currently, this virus continues to spread globally, possibly through the movement of infected live fish6,7, while the risk of viral transmission via frozen tilapia or its product is limited8. Substantial mortality due to TiLV infection has the potential to have a significantly detrimental economic impact on the tilapia industry. For example, the economic impact of summer mortality syndrome in Egypt associated with TiLV infection was calculated to be US$100 million9. Accordingly, it is important to develop a rapid and proper diagnostic method to facilitate the control of this disease in fish farms.
Until now, the diagnosis of TiLVD has been based on molecular assays, viral isolation, and histopathology. Different PCR protocols and primers have been developed for TiLV diagnosis10,11. For instance, a SYBR green-based reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method with the sensitivity to detect as few as two copies/&#181;L of the virus has been developed and validated for TiLV detection10. Other PCR methods for TiLV detection include TaqMan quantitative PCR11, RT-PCR2, nested RT-PCR12, and semi-nested RT-PCR13. However, these methods require sophisticated laboratory equipment and relatively extended periods of time to yield results due to the complexity of the reactions, which makes them unsuitable for field application.
The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay is a rapid, simple, and practical for-field application14,15. The technique employs the principle of a strand displacement reaction, while the amplification reaction runs under isothermal conditions without a sophisticated and expensive thermal cycler14,15. Consequently, amplified LAMP products or RT-LAMP products are analyzed in ladder-like bands using agarose gel electrophoresis with a fluorescent stain for either the safe visualization of DNA or RNA14 or observation with the naked eye for the presence of turbidity or a white precipitate16,17,18. For these reasons, this technique has been used for the on-site detection of different fish pathogens17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27. The purpose of this study was to establish a rapid, sensitive, and accurate RT-LAMP assay for TiLV detection. The RT-LAMP assay offers screening for TiLV in fish samples within 30 min. The technique may be applied for the diagnosis and surveillance of TiLVD.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">Tissue collection:</td>
			<td style="width:224px;"></td>
			<td style="width:188px;"></td>
			<td style="width:295px;"></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">Clove oil</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Better Pharma</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:255px;">Tricaine methanesulfonate</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">E10521</td>
			<td>An alternative option to clove oil</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:255px;">RNA extraction:</td>
			<td style="width:224px;"></td>
			<td style="width:188px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:255px;">Acid guanidinium-phenol based reagent (TRIzol reagent)</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">ThermoFisher Scientific Corp.</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">15596026</td>
			<td style="width:295px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:255px;">Acid guanidinium-phenol based reagent (GENEzol reagent)</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Geneaid</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">GZR100</td>
			<td style="width:295px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">Direct-zol RNA Kit:</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Zymo Research</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">R2071</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">- Direct-zol RNA PreWash</td>
			<td style="width:224px;"></td>
			<td style="width:188px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">- RNA Wash Buffer</td>
			<td style="width:224px;"></td>
			<td style="width:188px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">- DNase/RNase-free water</td>
			<td style="width:224px;"></td>
			<td style="width:188px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">- Zymo-spin IIICG columns</td>
			<td style="width:224px;"></td>
			<td style="width:188px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:255px;">- Collection Tubes</td>
			<td style="width:224px;"></td>
			<td style="width:188px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:255px;">RT-LAMP:</td>
			<td style="width:224px;"></td>
			<td style="width:188px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">1x SD II reaction buffer</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Biotechrabbit</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">BR1101301</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:255px;">Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">7487-88-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">dNTP set</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Bioline</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">BIO-39053</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">Betaine</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">B2629</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:255px;">Calcein mixture</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">1461-15-0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">Bst DNA polymerase</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Biotechrabbit</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">BR1101301</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">AMV reverse transcriptase</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Promega</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">M510A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">Nuclease-free water</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">10320995</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:255px;">Elite dry bath incubator, single unit</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Major Science</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">EL-01-220</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:255px;">Gel electrophoresis:</td>
			<td style="width:224px;"></td>
			<td style="width:188px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">Agarose</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Vivantis Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">PC0701-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">Tris-borate-EDTA (TBE) buffer</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">SRE0062</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">Tris-acetic-EDTA (TAE) buffer:</td>
			<td style="width:224px;"></td>
			<td style="width:188px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">- Tris</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Vivantis Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">PR0612-1KG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">- Acetic acid (glacial), EMSURE</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Merck Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">1000632500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:255px;">- Disodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate dihydrate (EDTA), Vetec</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">V800170-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">Neogreen</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">NeoScience Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">GR107</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">DNA gel loading dye (6X)</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">ThermoFisher Scientific Corp.</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">R0611</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">DNA ladder and markers</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Vivantis Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">PC701-100G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:255px;">Mini Ready Sub-Cell GT (Horizontal electrophoresis system)</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">1704487</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">PowerPac HC power supply</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">1645052</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">Gel Doc EZ System</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">1708270</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">UV sample tray</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">1708271</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:255px;">N&#945;BI imager</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Neogene Science</td>
			<td style="width:188px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:255px;">cDNA synthesis:</td>
			<td style="width:224px;"></td>
			<td style="width:188px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">ReverTra Ace qPCR RT Kit</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Toyobo</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">FSQ-101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">Viva cDNA Synthesis Kit</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Vivantis Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">cDSK01</td>
			<td>An alternative option for cDNA synthesis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:255px;">NanoDrop2000 (microvolume spectrophotometer)</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">ThermoFisher Scientific Corp.</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">ND-2000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:255px;">T100 Thermal Cycler</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">1861096</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:255px;">RT-qPCR:</td>
			<td style="width:224px;"></td>
			<td style="width:188px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">iTaq Universal SYBR Green Supermix</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">1725120</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">Nuclease-free water, sterile water</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">MultiCell</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">809-115-CL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">8-tube PCR strips, white</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">TLS0851</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">Flat PCR tube 8-cap strips, optical</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">TCS0803</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:255px;">CFX96 Touch Thermal Cycler</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">1855196</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:255px;">General equipment and materials:</td>
			<td style="width:224px;"></td>
			<td style="width:188px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">Mayo scissors</td>
			<td style="width:224px;"></td>
			<td style="width:188px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:224px;"></td>
			<td style="width:188px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">Vortex Genie 2 (vortex mixer)</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Scientific Industries</td>
			<td style="width:188px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">Microcentrifuge LM-60</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">LioFuge</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">CM610</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">Corning LSE mini microcentrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">6765</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">Pipettes</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Rainin</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">Pipete-Lite XLS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">QSP filtered pipette tips</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Quality Scientific Plastics</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">TF series</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">Corning Isotip filtered tips</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">CLS series</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:255px;">Nuclease-free 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes, NEST</td>
			<td style="width:224px;">Wuxi NEST Biotechnology</td>
			<td style="width:188px;">615601</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay for the specific and rapid detection of tilapia lake virus

Tilapia lake virus disease (TiLVD), an emerging viral disease in tilapia caused by the tilapia lake virus (TiLV), is a persistent challenge in the aquaculture industry that has resulted in the mass morbidity and mortality of tilapia in many parts of the world. An effective, rapid, and accurate diagnostic assay for TiLV infection is therefore necessary to detect the initial infection and to prevent the spread of the disease in aquaculture farming. In this study, a highly sensitive and practical reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method is presented to detect tilapia lake virus in fish tissue. A comparison of the RT-qPCR and RT-LAMP assays of infected samples revealed positive results in 63 (100%) and 51 (80.95%) samples, respectively. Moreover, an analysis of uninfected samples showed that all 63 uninfected tissues yielded negative results for both the RT-qPCR and RT-LAMP assays. The cross-reactivity with five pathogens in tilapia was evaluated using RT-LAMP, and all the tests showed negative results. Both the liver and mucus samples obtained from infected fish showed comparable results using the RT-LAMP method, suggesting that mucus can be used in RT-LAMP as a nonlethal assay to avoid killing fish. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that the presented RT-LAMP assay provides an effective method for TiLV detection in tilapia tissue within 1 h. The method is therefore recommended as a screening tool on farms for the rapid diagnosis of TiLV.

In this study, an RT-LAMP assay was developed to detect TiLV infection in tilapia. The tested samples were collected from 14 farms located in different parts of Thailand between 2015 and 2016. The infected and uninfected &#64257;sh were primarily grouped based on physical diagnoses and the appearances of symptomatic TiLVD. TiLV infection was subsequently con&#64257;rmed using RT-PCR after the collection process. Agarose gel electrophoresis and the detection of a luminescent green color were selected as the evaluation met...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification RT-LAMP Assay for the Specific and Rapid Detection of Tilapia Lake Virus at JoVE.com

Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification RT-LAMP Assay for the Specific and Rapid Detection of Tilapia Lake Virus

We present an RT-LAMP assay for the detection of TiLV in tilapia fish using simple instruments over a relatively short period of time compared to conventional RT-PCR techniques. This protocol may help control the epidemic spread of TiLVD, especially in developing countries.

Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) Assay for the Specific and Rapid Detection of Tilapia Lake Virus

Tilapia lake virus disease (TiLVD), an emerging viral disease in tilapia caused by the tilapia lake virus (TiLV), is a persistent challenge in the ...

Tilapia lake virus is an emerging virus and contagious pathogens, that cause high mortality in tilapia and its hybrid species. As tilapia is a main protein source for many developing countries, the new virus infection has a great impact to tilapia aquaculture, and also threatens the world food security. The development of a fast, accurate, and sensitive method to detect the virus in fish tissue, will help the disease control, and reduce the impact of the virus.In this video, we will show the reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification, or RT-LAMP assay, for rapid detection of tilapia lake virus in fish samples. Part two, RNA extraction. Firstly, add 3250 milligrams of liver tissue into a sterile 1.5-milliliters microcentrifuge tube, containing 600 to 1000 microliters acid guanidinium-phenol base reagent, and mince until homogeneous.Centrifuge at 10, 000 RCF for 30 seconds, and transfer the supernatant into a new tube. Add an equal volume of 95%ethanol to the tube, and mix thoroughly. Transfer the solution into a spin column, placed in a collection tube, then centrifuge at 10, 000 RCF for 30 seconds.Discard the flow-through, and transfer the column into a new collection tube. Add 400 microliters of RNA PreWash into the column, and centrifuge at 10, 000 RCF for 30 seconds. Discard the flow-through, and repeat this step.Add 700-microliter RNA Wash Buffer into the column, and centrifuge at 10, 000 RCF for two minutes. Afterwards, transfer the column into a sterile 1.5-milliliter microcentrifuge tube. Finally, elute RNA into the column matrix with a 100-microliter, nuclease-free water, and centrifuge at 10, 000 RCF for 30 seconds.Part three, primer design. The PrimerExplorer Version 4 is the most common bioinformatics tool for designing efficient LAMP, or RT-LAMP primers, in which good manuals for the software are available on their website. Here, four specific primers, composed of two internal and two external primers, were designed to recognize six distinct regions in the segment 3 of TiLV, originated from Thailand.After entering the website, where the link is shown in the video, click on PrimerExplorer V4.Choose the file containing the sequence of the segment 3 of TiLV, in FASTA format, retrieved from GenBank-accessed number, KX631923, or tilapia lake virus TV1 segment 3, and then click Primer Design button. Once clicking on Generate button, the software will process, and the results will show up. After optimizing the sequences for LAMP amplification, in total, one pair of external primers, and two pairs of internal primers, were selected for this study, to detect the TiLV infection.This set of the primers are shown here. Part four, demonstration of RT-LAMP. The master mix for RT-LAMP specific for tilapia lake virus, comprises of the following chemicals.Prepare a master mix using the chemicals shown in the table. Dispense 22 microliters of master mix into a sterile 1.5-milliliter microcentrifuge tube. Then, add three microliters of RNA template into the reaction tube.For the negative control, use distilled water instead of RNA materials, and mix well. Incubate the reactions at 65 degrees Celsius for 60 minutes, followed by 80 degrees Celsius for 10 minutes. After the incubation for 30 minutes, the calorimetric changes are visually observed by naked eyes.Where appropriate, we can confirm RT-LAMP assay results, by performing gel electrophoresis on 1.5%agarose gel, running with a 100-Volt constant, for 40 minutes, whereby one-kilobase-pair molecular-size DNA Ladder is loaded along as a marker to determine fragment size. Part five, representative results and interpretation. After the incubation for 30 minutes, the grain fluorescence reaction suggesting the positive amplification of TiLV in fish tissues, were obviously observed in infected samples under UV light at a wavelength of 365 nanometers, while those of negative control had a clear and slightly colorless solution.Correspondingly, the amplification of RT-LAMP products was confirmed on the agarose gel electrophoresis, showing various sizes of the multiple amplifications of inverted DNA repeats, forming stem-loop structures under UV lamp in TiLV-infected samples, whereas no bands were displayed in the wells of the negative control, where the results were in accordance with those of the RT-LAMP assay. So, to reduce the spread of tilapia lake virus, an immediate screening of these infected fish, using an effectively diagnostic method, is one of the important keys. So, the newly developed RT-LAMP assay should offer a rapid and sensitive diagnostic tool to be applied in the process of biosecurity measure.The assay could be used either in the laboratory, or on-site facilities. We hope that the method will be implement to screen infected-fish population that could lead to the reduction of the spread of tilapia lake virus.

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

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Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay

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Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assays for the Species-specific Detection of Eimeria that Infect Chickens

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The Development of Lyophilized Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Reagents for the Detection of Coxiella burnetii

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In Vivo Assay for Detection of Antigen-specific T-cell Cytolytic Function Using a Vaccination Model

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