出血性ショックGM053789の資金源/ナンバー分子生物学

<ol>
	<li>Baker, C. C., Oppenheimer, L., Stephens, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epidemiology+of+trauma+deaths.">Epidemiology of trauma deaths.</a> Am J Surg. 140, 44-50 (1980).</li><li>Hierholzer, C., Billiar, T. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+mechanisms+in+the+early+phase+of+hemorrhagic+shock.">Molecular mechanisms in the early phase of hemorrhagic shock.</a> Langenbeck's Arch Surg. 386, 302-308 (2001).</li><li>Dutton, R. P., Stansbury, L. G., Leone, S., Kramer, E., Hess, J. R., Scalea, T. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trauma+Mortality+in+Mature+Trauma+Systems:+Are+We+Doing+Better?+An+Analysis+of+Trauma+Mortality+Patterns.">Trauma Mortality in Mature Trauma Systems: Are We Doing Better? An Analysis of Trauma Mortality Patterns.</a> J Trauma. , (2010).</li><li>Frink, M., van Griensven, M., Kobbe, P., Brin, T., Zeckey, C., Vaske, B., Krettek, C., Hildebrand, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=IL-+6+predicts+organ+dysfunction+and+mortality+in+patients+with+multiple+injuries.">IL- 6 predicts organ dysfunction and mortality in patients with multiple injuries.</a> Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 17, 49-49 (2009).</li><li>DeCamp, M. M., Demling, R. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Posttraumatic+multisystem+organ+failure.">Posttraumatic multisystem organ failure.</a> JAMA. 260, 530-534 (1988).</li><li>Faist, E., Baue, A. E., Dittmer, H., Heberer, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiple+Organ+Failure+in+Polytrauma+Patients.">Multiple Organ Failure in Polytrauma Patients.</a> Journal of Trauma. 23, 775-787 (1983).</li><li>Kalff, J. C., Hierholzer, C., Tsukada, K., Billiar, T. R., Bauer, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hemorrhagic+shock+results+in+intestinal+muscularis+intercellular+adhesion+molecule+(ICAM-1)+expression,+neutrophil+infiltration,+and+smooth+muscle+dysfunction.">Hemorrhagic shock results in intestinal muscularis intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) expression, neutrophil infiltration, and smooth muscle dysfunction.</a> Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 119, 89-93 (1999).</li><li>Kobbe, P., Stoffels, B., Schmidt, J., Tsukamoto, T., Gutkin, D., Bauer, A., Pape, H. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=IL-10+deficiency+augments+acute+lung+but+not+liver+injury+in+hemorrhagic+shock.">IL-10 deficiency augments acute lung but not liver injury in hemorrhagic shock.</a> Cytokine. 45, 26-31 (2009).</li><li>Ulloa, L., Tracey, K. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+'cytokine+profile'+a+code+for+sepsis.">The 'cytokine profile' a code for sepsis.</a> Trends in Mol. Med. 11, 56-63 (2005).</li><li>Darwiche, S., Kobbe, P., Pfeifer, R., Kohut, L., Pape, H. C., Billiar, T. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pseudofracture:+an+acute+peripheral+tissue+trauma+model.">Pseudofracture: an acute peripheral tissue trauma model.</a> J Vis Exp. , (2010).</li><li>Tsukamoto, T., Pape, H. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+for+trauma+research:+what+are+the+options.">Animal models for trauma research: what are the options.</a> Shock. 31, 3-10 (2009).</li><li>Moochhala, S., Wu, J., Lu, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hemorrhagic+shock:+an+overview+of+animal+models.">Hemorrhagic shock: an overview of animal models.</a> Front Biosci. 14, 4631-469 (2009).</li><li>Chaudry, I. H., Ayala, A., Ertel, W., Stephan, R. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hemorrhage+and+resuscitation:+immunological+aspects.">Hemorrhage and resuscitation: immunological aspects.</a> Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol. 259, 663-678 (1990).</li><li>Lagoa, C. E., Bartels, J., Baratt, A., Tseng, G., Clermont, G., Fink, M. P., Billiar, T. R., Vodovotz, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+initial+trauma+in+the+host's+response+to+injury+and+hemorrhage:+insights+from+a+correlation+of+mathematical+simulations+and+hepatic+transcriptomic+analysis.">The role of initial trauma in the host's response to injury and hemorrhage: insights from a correlation of mathematical simulations and hepatic transcriptomic analysis.</a> Shock. 26, 592-600 (2006).</li><li>Prince, J. M., Levy, R. M., Yang, R., Mollen, K. P., Fink, M. P., Vodovotz, Y., Billiar, T. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toll-like+receptor-4+signaling+mediates+hepatic+injury+and+systemic+inflammation+in+hemorrhagic+shock.">Toll-like receptor-4 signaling mediates hepatic injury and systemic inflammation in hemorrhagic shock.</a> J Am Coll Surg. 202, 407-417 (2006).</li><li>Meng, Z. H., Dyer, K., Billiar, T. R., Tweardy, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Essential+role+for+IL-6+in+postresuscitation+inflammation+in+hemorrhagic+shock.">Essential role for IL-6 in postresuscitation inflammation in hemorrhagic shock.</a> Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 280, C343-C351 (2001).</li><li>McCloskey, C. A., Kameneva, M. V., Uryash, A., Gallo, D. J., Billiar, T. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+Hypoxia+activates+JNK+in+the+liver+during+hemorrhagic+shock.">Tissue Hypoxia activates JNK in the liver during hemorrhagic shock.</a> Shock. 22, 380-386 (2004).</li><li>Li, Y., Xiang, M., Yuan, Y., Xiao, G., Zhang, J., Jiang, Y., Vodovotz, Y., Billiar, T. R., Wilson, M. A., Fan, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hemorrhagic+shock+augments+lung+endothelial+cell+activation:+role+of+temporal+alterations+of+TLR4+and+TLR2.">Hemorrhagic shock augments lung endothelial cell activation: role of temporal alterations of TLR4 and TLR2.</a> Am J Phsyiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 297, 1670-1680 (2009).</li><li>Xu, Y. X., Ayala, A., Chaudry, I. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prolonged+immunodepression+after+trauma+and+hemorrhagic+shock.">Prolonged immunodepression after trauma and hemorrhagic shock.</a> J Trauma. 44, 335-341 (1998).</li><li>Abraham, E., Chang, Y. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Haemorrhage-induced+alterations+in+function+and+cytokine+production+of+T+cells+and+T+cell+subpopulations.">Haemorrhage-induced alterations in function and cytokine production of T cells and T cell subpopulations.</a> Clin. Exp. Immunol. 90, 497-502 (1992).</li><li>Peitzman, A. B., Billiar, T. R., Harbrecht, B. G., Kelly, E., Udekwu, A. O., Simmons, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hemorrhagic+Shock.">Hemorrhagic Shock.</a> Curr Probl Surg. 32, 925-1002 (1995).</li><li>Angele, M. K., Knoferl, M. W., Schwacha, M. G., Ayala, A., Cioffi, W. G., Bland, K. I., Chaudry, I. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sex+steriods+regulate+pro-+and+anti-+inflammatory+cytokine+release+by+macrophages+after+trauma-hemorrhage.">Sex steriods regulate pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokine release by macrophages after trauma-hemorrhage.</a> Am. J. Physiol. 277, C35-C42 (1999).</li><li>Takashi, K., Hubbard, W. J., Choudhry, M. A., Schwacha, M. G., Bland, K. I., Chaudry, I. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trauam-+Hemorrhage+induces+depressed+splenic+dendritic+cell+function+in+mice.">Trauam- Hemorrhage induces depressed splenic dendritic cell function in mice.</a> J of Immunology. 177, 4514-4520 (2006).</li><li>Lenz, A., Franklin, G. A., Cheadle, W. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systemic+inflammation+after+trauma.">Systemic inflammation after trauma.</a> Injury, Int. J. Care Injured. 38, 1336-1345 (2007).</li><li>Frei, R., Steinle, J., Birchler, T., Loeliger, S., Roduit, C., Steinhoff, D., Seibl, R., Buchner, K., Seger, R., Reith, W., Lauener, R. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MHC+class+II+molecules+enhance+Toll-like+receptor+mediated+innate+immune+responses.">MHC class II molecules enhance Toll-like receptor mediated innate immune responses.</a> PloS One. 5, 8808-8808 (2010).</li><li>Matsutani, T., Anantha Samy, T. S., Kang, S. C., Bland, K. I., Chaudry, I. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+genetic+background+influences+severity+of+immune+responses+following+trauma-hemorrhage.">Mouse genetic background influences severity of immune responses following trauma-hemorrhage.</a> Cytokine. 30, 168-176 (2004).</li><li>Prince, J. M., Levy, R. M., Bartels, J., Baratt, A., Kane, J. M., Lagoa, C., Rubin, J., Day, J., Wei, J., Fink, M. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+silico+and+in+vivo+approach+to+elucidate+the+inflammatory+complexity+of+CD14-deficient+mice.">In silico and in vivo approach to elucidate the inflammatory complexity of CD14-deficient mice.</a> Mol Med. 12, 88-96 (2006).</li><li>Kobbe, P., Stoffels, B., Schmidt, J., Tsukamoto, T., Gutkin, D. W., Bauer, A. J., Pape, H. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=IL-10+deficiency+augments+acute+lung+but+not+liver+injury+in+hemorrhagic+shock.">IL-10 deficiency augments acute lung but not liver injury in hemorrhagic shock.</a> Cytokine. 45, 26-31 (2009).</li><li>Prince, J. M., Ming, M. J., Levy, R. M., Liu, S., Pinsky, D. J., Vodovotz, Y., Billiar, T. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+Growth+Response+1+mediates+the+systemic+and+hepatic+inflammatory+response+initiated+by+hemorrhagic+shock.">Early Growth Response 1 mediates the systemic and hepatic inflammatory response initiated by hemorrhagic shock.</a> Shock. 27, 157-164 (2007).</li><li>Matsutani, T., Samy, A. n. a. n. t. h. a., Kang, T. S., Bland, S. -. C., Chaudry, K. I., H, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+genetic+background+influences+severity+of+immune+responses+following+trauma-hemorrhage.">Mouse genetic background influences severity of immune responses following trauma-hemorrhage.</a> Cytokine. 30, 168-176 (2005).</li><li>Rushing, G. D., Britt, L. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reperfusion+injury+after+hemorrhage:+a+collective+review.">Reperfusion injury after hemorrhage: a collective review.</a> Ann Surg. 247, 929-937 (2008).</li><li>Makley, A. T., Goodman, M. D., Friend, L. W., Bailey, S. R., Lentsch, A. B., Pritts, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Damage+control+resuscitation+with+fresh+blood+products+attenuates+the+systemic+inflammatory+response+following+hemorrhagic+shock.">Damage control resuscitation with fresh blood products attenuates the systemic inflammatory response following hemorrhagic shock.</a> J Surg Res. 158, 423-423 (2010).</li><li>Stansbury, L. G., Dutton, R. P., Stein, D. M., Bochicchio, G. V., Scalea, T. M., Hess, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controversy+in+trauma+resuscitation:+do+ratios+of+plasma+to+red+blood+cells+matter?.">Controversy in trauma resuscitation: do ratios of plasma to red blood cells matter?.</a> Transfus Med Rev. 23, 255-265 (2009).</li><li>Gao, J., Zhao, W. X., Xue, F. S., Zhou, L. J., Yu, Y. H., Zhou, H. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+different+resuscitation+fluids+on+acute+lung+injury+in+a+rat+model+of+uncontrolled+hemorrhagic+shock+and+infection.">Effects of different resuscitation fluids on acute lung injury in a rat model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock and infection.</a> J Trauma. 6, 1213-1219 (2009).</li><li>Maier, S., Holz-Holzl, C., Pajk, W., Ulmer, H., Hengl, C., Dunser, M., Haas, T., Velik-Salchner, C., Fries, D., Greiner, A., Hasibeder, W., Knotzer, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microcirculatory+parameters+after+isotonic+and+hypertonic+colloidal+fluid+resuscitation+in+acute+hemorrhagic+shock.">Microcirculatory parameters after isotonic and hypertonic colloidal fluid resuscitation in acute hemorrhagic shock.</a> J Trauma. 66, 33-45 (2009).</li><li>Stahel, P. F., Smith, W. R., Moore, E. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Current+trends+in+resuscitation+strategy+for+the+multiply+injured+patient.">Current trends in resuscitation strategy for the multiply injured patient.</a> Injury. 40, 27-35 (2009).</li><li>Dar, D. E., Soustiel, J. F., Zaaroor, M., Em, B., L, A., Shapira, Y., Semenikhina, L., Solopov, A., Krausz, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Moderate+lactated+ringer's+resuscitation+yields+best+neurological+outcome+in+controlled+hemorrhagic+shock+combined+with+brain+injury+in+rats.">Moderate lactated ringer's resuscitation yields best neurological outcome in controlled hemorrhagic shock combined with brain injury in rats.</a> Shock. , (2009).</li><li>Moon, P. F., Hollyfield-Gilbert, M. A., Myers, T. L., Uchida, T., Kramer, G. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluid+compartment+in+hemorrhaged+rats+after+hyperosmotic+crystalloid+and+hyperoncotic+crystalloid+resuscitation.">Fluid compartment in hemorrhaged rats after hyperosmotic crystalloid and hyperoncotic crystalloid resuscitation.</a> Am J Physiol. 270, F1-F8 (1996).</li><li>Perel, P., Roberts, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Colloids+vs+crystalloids+for+fluid+resuscitation+in+critically+ill+patients.">Colloids vs crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients.</a> Cochrane Database System Rev. 4, CD000567-CD000567 (2007).</li></ol>

動物実験は、監督とガイドラインと規制機関動物実験委員会によって定められたと研究の行動規範とピッツバーグ大学のコンプライアンス室、完全認可AALAS / AALAC機関に従って行った。動物の源は、ジャクソン研究所とチャールズ川の研究所などがあります。すべての動物が豊富な健康上の各ベンダーを通して保証だけでなく、ピッツバーグの内部の動物の健康監視プログラムの大学を受ける。この研究は、脊椎動物、動物の使用に関する米国政府のプリンシパルに準拠して実施しています。プログラムは、USDAに登録され、実験動物の福祉の公衆衛生サービス局に保証の手紙を持っています。

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><th>装置</th><th>メーカー</th><th>カタログ番号</th></tr><tr><td> Dumonts（SS/45 °の角度0.2x0.12mmチップ、13.5センチメートル長さ） </td><td>ファイン科学ツール</td><td> 11203〜25 </td></tr><tr><td>外科はさみ（まっすぐ- 12センチメートル） </td><td>ファイン科学ツール</td><td> 14068〜12 </td></tr><tr><td>止血（曲面- 12.5センチメートル） </td><td>ファイン科学ツール</td><td> 13009〜12 </td></tr><tr><td> Microscissors（春のはさみ-ストレート- 8センチメートル） </td><td>ファイン科学ツール</td><td> 15000〜00 </td></tr><tr><td>鉗子（0.8ミリメートルチップ、曲面- 10センチメートル） </td><td>ファイン科学ツール</td><td> 11050〜10 </td></tr><tr><td>リール6-0で縫合</td><td>ファイン科学ツール</td><td> 18020〜60 </td></tr><tr><td>縫合糸4から0 PDSII </td><td>ペンの獣医</td><td> ETHZ304H </td></tr><tr><td>ガーゼ4 × 4 </td><td>任意のグローバルベンダーから購入することができます</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>綿チップアプリケーター</td><td>任意のグローバルベンダーから購入することができます</td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 30Gの針</td><td>任意のグローバルベンダーから購入することができます</td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 23Gの針</td><td>任意のグローバルベンダーから購入することができます</td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 3CCシリンジ</td><td>任意のグローバルベンダーから購入することができます</td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 5ccシリンジ</td><td>任意のグローバルベンダーから購入することができます</td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 10ccのシリンジ</td><td>任意のグローバルベンダーから購入することができます</td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 50ccの円錐管</td><td>任意のグローバルベンダーから購入することができます</td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 1ccの注射器のw / 25G針</td><td>フィッシャーサイエンティフィック</td><td> 14-826-88 </td></tr><tr><td>ポリエチレン10チューブ100`（PE - 10） </td><td>フィッシャーサイエンティフィック</td><td> 14から170 - 12P </td></tr><tr><td>ポリエチレン50チューブ100`（PE - 50） </td><td>フィッシャーサイエンティフィック</td><td> 14から170 - 12B </td></tr><tr><td> 3方活栓</td><td>フィッシャーサイエンティフィック</td><td> NC9779127 </td></tr><tr><td>外科青パッド</td><td>フィッシャーサイエンティフィック</td><td> 50から7105 </td></tr><tr><td>滅菌フィールドドレッシング</td><td>フィッシャーサイエンティフィック</td><td> NC9517505 </td></tr><tr><td>テープは&quot;1ロール</td><td>コー​​ポレートエクスプレス</td><td> MMM26001 </td></tr><tr><td>ストレートサイド広口瓶（ノーズコーン用キャップとして使用される） </td><td> VWR </td><td> 159000-058 </td></tr><tr><td>ステンレス製トレイ8&quot;× 11&quot; </td><td> VWR </td><td> 62687-049 </td></tr><tr><td>オス - オスLeurのロック3方向</td><td> VWR </td><td> 20068-909 </td></tr><tr><td>滅菌ポーチ3&quot;X8&quot; </td><td> VWR </td><td> 24008 </td></tr><tr><td>滅菌袋5&quot;X10&quot; </td><td> VWR </td><td> 24010 </td></tr><tr><td>ワイルドM650顕微鏡のw /ブームスタンド</td><td>ライカ</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ライカIC Dデジタルカメラ/ライブ映像</td><td>ライカ</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>デジメッドBPA - 400アナライザ＆システムインテグレーター</td><td>マイクロメッド</td><td> SYS - 400 </td></tr><tr><td> TXD - 310（Digi - Keyはメッドトランスデューサ） </td><td>マイクロメッド</td><td> TXD - 300 </td></tr><tr><td>コンピュータ</td><td>デル</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ホットビーズ機器滅菌器</td><td> VWR </td><td> 18000〜45 </td></tr><tr><td>オスターA5バリカンワットサイズ40ブレード</td><td> VWR </td><td> 10749-020 </td></tr><tr><td>循環heatinグラムパッド18x26 </td><td>ハーバード</td><td> py872 - 5272 </td></tr><tr><td>直腸温度計</td><td>ケントサイエンティフィック</td><td> RET - 3 </td></tr></tbody></table><table border="1"><tbody><tr><th>試薬</th><th>濃度</th><th>メーカー</th><th>カタログ番号</th></tr><tr><td>ペントバルビタールナトリウム（Nembutolナトリウム溶液） </td><td> 70mg/kg </td><td>オベーション</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ブプレノルフィン塩酸</td><td> 0.1mg/kg </td><td>ベッドフォード研究所</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>乳酸リンゲル注射250ccクラスIVのバッグ</td><td>バクスター</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Aerrane（イソフルラン） </td><td> 99.9パーセント</td><td> NLSアニマルヘルス</td><td> 105996 </td></tr><tr><td>ヘパリンナトリウム</td><td> 1000U </td><td> Abraxis </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>静菌性塩化ナトリウム</td><td> 0.9パーセント</td><td>ホスピーラ</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>エチルアルコール</td><td> 70パーセント</td><td>ファーマAAPER </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Triadineポビドンヨード（Betadine） </td><td></td><td>トライアドの使い捨て</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

fixed volume or fixed pressure: a murine model of hemorrhagic shock

それは、重度の失血や外傷が（MODこれらのシグナリングのイベントはまた敗血症および/ ​​または多臓器不全につながることがしばしば死亡をもたらす有害なシグナル伝達事象のカスケード1、2、3、4、5が発生する可能性があることはよく知られて）6、7、8、9それは外傷に苦しむ患者を助けるために、より効果的な方法を開発するために、抑制免疫機能と有害なシグナル伝達カスケードの原因を調査して重要である。10この固定圧力の出血性ショック（HS）手順は、技術的に困難なものの、これらの病態生理学的条件の調査のための優れたリソースです。11、12、生物系の評価13の進歩は、すなわちシステムバイオロジーは、さらに複雑な生理的なネットワークとセルラー通信のパターンを理解するために科学的なコミュニティを有効にしている。14出血性ショックは、免疫機能に関連するこれらの細胞のコミュニケーションパターンを発表するための重要なツールであることが実証されています。15、16、17、18この手順をマスターすることができます！この手順は、一定量または一定の圧力のアプローチのどちらかとして使用することができます。我々は、自然免疫と獲得免疫機能の研究を強化するためにマウスモデルでこの手法を適応した。マウスのサイズが小さいのHSのために19、20、21は固有の課題を提示。多くの利用可能なマウス系統にしかし原因で、この種は、生物学的応答の研究のための比類のないリソースを表します。 HSモデルは、ショックの他の形態とは異なる別個の応答を誘発するとして、携帯通信パターンやホルモンや炎症性メディエーターシステム、および危険信号、すなわちDAMPとPAMP上方制御などのシステムの応答を研究するための重要なモデルです。22、23 、24、25トランスジェニックマウス系統と特定のシグナル伝達を阻害する生物学的製剤の誘導の開発は、さらに深刻な失血、すなわちHSおよび外傷26日以降のシグナル伝達のアップおよびダウンレギュレーションの理解を明らかにする27の貴重な機会を提示している、28、29、30。 HSおよび外傷に関連して多数の蘇生法（R）。31、32、33、34が存在する三回小屋の血液量に等しいだけに乳酸リンゲル液（LR）の一定量の蘇生法は、、このモデルで使用されていますこのような遠隔臓器障害と全身性炎症のような内因性のメカニズムを研究する。蘇生35、36、38、このメソッドはHSと外傷38、39の効果を評価する上で有効であることが証明されている。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fixed Volume or Fixed Pressure: A Murine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock at JoVE.com

Fixed Volume or Fixed Pressure: A Murine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock

出血性ショックモデルでは、外傷後の炎症およびエンド臓器障害に関連するシグナル伝達カスケードの同定と理解を容易に信頼性と再現性のあるリソースとなっています。この記事では、マウスでは出血性ショックの実験手順に関連付けられている外科的および機械的な側面のステップバイステップの説明を提供します。

固定ボリュームまたは固定圧力：出血性ショックのマウスモデル

It is common knowledge that severe blood loss and traumatic injury can lead to a cascade of detrimental signaling events often resulting in mortality. 1, ...

fixed-volume-or-fixed-pressure-a-murine-model-of-hemorrhagic-shock

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

24.7K ビュー.  University of Pittsburgh. 出血性ショックモデルでは、外傷後の炎症およびエンド臓器障害に関連するシグナル伝達カスケードの同定と理解を容易に信頼性と再現性のあるリソースとなっています。この記事では、マウスでは出血性ショックの実験手順に関連付けられている外科的および機械的な側面のステップバイステップの説明を提供します。

ビデオ: Fixed Volume or Fixed Pressure: A Murine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock

Murine Model of Wound Healing

Wound healing and repair are the most complex biological processes that occur in human life. After injury, multiple biological pathways become activated. Impaired wound healing, which occurs in diabetic patients for example, can lead to severe unfavorable outcomes such as amputation. There is, therefore, an increasing impetus to develop novel agents that promote wound repair. The testing of these has been limited to large animal models such as swine, which are often impractical. Mice represent the ideal preclinical model, as they are economical and amenable to genetic manipulation, which allows for mechanistic investigation. However, wound healing in a mouse is fundamentally different to that of humans as it primarily occurs via contraction. Our murine model overcomes this by incorporating a splint around the wound. By splinting the wound, the repair process is then dependent on epithelialization, cellular proliferation and angiogenesis, which closely mirror the biological processes of human wound healing. Whilst requiring consistency and care, this murine model does not involve complicated surgical techniques and allows for the robust testing of promising agents that may, for example, promote angiogenesis or inhibit inflammation. Furthermore, each mouse acts as its own control as two wounds are prepared, enabling the application of both the test compound and the vehicle control on the same animal. In conclusion, we demonstrate a practical, easy-to-learn, and robust model of wound healing, which is comparable to that of humans.

A murine model of cutaneous wound healing that can be used to assess therapeutic compounds in physiological and pathophysiological settings.

創傷治癒のマウスモデル

Wound healing and repair are the most complex biological processes that occur in human life. After injury, multiple biological pathways become activated. ...

医学

Measurement of the Pressure-volume Curve in Mouse Lungs

In recent decades the mouse has become the primary animal model of a variety of lung diseases. In models of emphysema or fibrosis, the essential phenotypic changes are best assessed by measurement of the changes in lung elasticity. To best understand specific mechanisms underlying such pathologies in mice, it is essential to make functional measurements that can reflect the developing pathology. Although there are many ways to measure elasticity, the classical method is that of the total lung pressure-volume (PV) curve done over the whole range of lung volumes. This measurement has been made on adult lungs from nearly all mammalian species dating back almost 100 years, and such PV curves also played a major role in the discovery and understanding of the function of pulmonary surfactant in fetal lung development. Unfortunately, such total PV curves have not been widely reported in the mouse, despite the fact that they can provide useful information on the macroscopic effects of structural changes in the lung. Although partial PV curves measuring just the changes in lung volume are sometimes reported, without a measure of absolute volume, the nonlinear nature of the total PV curve makes these partial ones very difficult to interpret. In the present study, we describe a standardized way to measure the total PV curve. We have then tested the ability of these curves to detect changes in mouse lung structure in two common lung pathologies, emphysema and fibrosis. Results showed significant changes in several variables consistent with expected structural changes with these pathologies. This measurement of the lung PV curve in mice thus provides a straightforward means to monitor the progression of the pathophysiologic changes over time and the potential effect of therapeutic procedures.

Here we present a protocol to simply and reliably measure the lung pressure-volume curve in mice, showing that it is sufficiently sensitive to detect phenotypic parenchymal changes in two common lung pathologies, pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. This metric provides a means to quantify the lung&#8217;s structural changes with developing pathology.

マウス肺における圧力 - 容積曲線の測定

In recent decades the mouse has become the primary animal model of a variety of lung diseases. In models of emphysema or fibrosis, the essential ...

Scleral Cross-linking Using Riboflavin and Ultraviolet-A Radiation for Prevention of Axial Myopia in a Rabbit Model

Myopic individuals, especially those with severe myopia, are at higher-than-normal risk of cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment and chorioretinal abnormalities. In addition, pathological myopia is a common irreversible cause of visual impairment and blindness1-3. Our study demonstrates the effect of scleral crosslinking using riboflavin and ultraviolet-A radiation on the development of axial myopia in a rabbit model. The axial length of the eyeball was measured by A-scan ultrasound in New Zealand white rabbits aged 13 days (male and female). The eye then underwent 360&#176; conjunctival peritomy with scleral crosslinking, followed by tarsorrhaphy. Axial elongation was induced in 13 day-old New Zealand rabbits by suturing their right eye eyelids (tarsorrhaphy). The eyes were divided into quadrants, and every quadrant had two scleral irradiation zones, each with an area of 0.2 cm&#178; and a radius of 4 mm. Crosslinking was performed by dropping 0.1% dextran-free riboflavin-5-phosphate onto the irradiation zones 20 sec before ultraviolet-A irradiation and every 20 sec during the 200 sec irradiation time. UVA radiation (370 nm) was applied perpendicular to the sclera at 57 mW/cm&#178; (total UVA light dose, 57 J/cm&#178;). Tarsorrhaphies were removed on day 55, followed by repeated axial length measurements. This study demonstrates that scleral crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A radiation effectively prevents occlusion-induced axial elongation in a rabbit model.

We demonstrate the effect of scleral crosslinking with riboflavin and UVA on an axial elongation rabbit eye. Axial elongation was induced in 13 day-old New Zealand rabbits (male and female) by suturing their right eye eyelids (tarsorrhaphy).

強膜ウサギモデルで軸性近視の予防のためのリボフラビンおよび紫外線A放射線を用いて架橋

Myopic individuals, especially those with severe myopia, are at higher-than-normal risk of cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment and chorioretinal ...

Uncontrolled Hemorrhagic Shock Modeled via Liver Laceration in Mice with Real Time Hemodynamic Monitoring

Uncontrolled hemorrhage is an important cause of preventable deaths among trauma patients. We have developed a murine model of uncontrolled hemorrhage via a liver laceration that results in consistent blood loss, hemodynamic alterations, and survival.
Mice undergo a standardized resection of the left-middle lobe of the liver. They are allowed to bleed without mechanical intervention. Hemostatic agents can be administered as pre-treatment or rescue therapy depending on the interest of the investigator. During the time of hemorrhage, real-time hemodynamic monitoring via a left femoral arterial line is performed. Mice are then sacrificed, blood loss is quantified, blood is collected for further analysis, and organs are harvested for analysis of injury. Experimental design is described to allow for simultaneous testing of multiple animals.
Liver hemorrhage as a model of uncontrolled hemorrhage exists in the literature, primarily in rat and porcine models. Some of these models utilize hemodynamic monitoring or quantify blood loss but lack consistency. The present model incorporates quantification of blood loss, real-time hemodynamic monitoring in a murine model that offers the advantage of using transgenic lines and a high-throughput mechanism to further investigate the pathophysiologic mechanisms in uncontrolled hemorrhage.

Uncontrolled hemorrhage, an important cause of mortality among trauma patients, can be modeled using a standard liver laceration in a murine model. This model results in consistent blood loss, survival, and allows for testing hemostatic agents. This article provides the step-by-step process to perform this valuable model.

リアルタイム血行動態モニタリングを用いたマウスの肝梗塞モデルによる制御不能出血性ショック

Uncontrolled hemorrhage is an important cause of preventable deaths among trauma patients. We have developed a murine model of uncontrolled hemorrhage via ...

Surgical Training for the Implantation of Neocortical Microelectrode Arrays Using a Formaldehyde-fixed Human Cadaver Model

This protocol describes a procedure to assist surgeons in training for the implantation of microelectrode arrays into the neocortex of the human brain. Recent technological progress has enabled the fabrication of microelectrode arrays that allow recording the activity of multiple individual neurons in the neocortex of the human brain. These arrays have the potential to bring unique insight onto the neuronal correlates of cerebral function in health and disease. Furthermore, the identification and decoding of volitional neuronal activity opens the possibility to establish brain-computer interfaces, and thus might help restore lost neurological functions. The implantation of neocortical microelectrode arrays is an invasive procedure requiring a supra-centimetric craniotomy and the exposure of the cortical surface; thus, the procedure must be performed by an adequately trained neurosurgeon. In order to provide an opportunity for surgical training, we designed a procedure based on a human cadaver model. The use of a formaldehyde-fixed human cadaver bypasses the practical, ethical and financial difficulties of surgical practice on animals (especially non-human primates) while preserving the macroscopic structure of the head, skull, meninges and cerebral surface and allowing realistic, operating room-like positioning and instrumentation. Furthermore, the use of a human cadaver is closer to clinical daily practice than any non-human model. The major drawbacks of the cadaveric simulation are the absence of cerebral pulsation and of blood and cerebrospinal fluid circulation. We suggest that a formaldehyde-fixed human cadaver model is an adequate, practical and cost-effective approach to ensure proper surgical training before implanting microelectrode arrays in the living human neocortex.

We designed a procedure in which a formaldehyde-fixed human cadaver is used to assist neurosurgeons in training for the implantation of microelectrode arrays into the neocortex of the human brain.

人間の死体をホルマリン固定モデルを用いた皮質微小電極アレイの注入の手術トレーニング

This protocol describes a procedure to assist surgeons in training for the implantation of microelectrode arrays into the neocortex of the human brain. ...

Real-time Pressure-volume Analysis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Acute myocardial infarction can lead to acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock. The evaluation of hemodynamics is critical for the evaluation of any potential therapeutic approach directed against acute left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Current imaging modalities (e.g., echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging) have several limitations since data on LV pressure cannot directly be measured. LV catheterization in mice undergoing coronary artery occlusion could serve as a novel method for a real-time evaluation of LV function.
At the beginning of the procedure, mice were anesthetized followed by endotracheal intubation. For LV catheterization, the right carotid artery was exposed via middle-neck incision. The catheter was introduced and placed into the LV cavity. Left thoracotomy was conducted and the left main coronary artery (LCA) was ligated. To induce reperfusion, the suture was released after 45 min. Pressure-volume data was recorded at all times.
Ligation of the LCA caused a decrease in LV systolic function as evidenced by a 30% reduction in stroke volume, LV ejection fraction (EF), and cardiac output. Maximum dP/dt as a parameter for LV contractility was also significantly reduced and diastolic function was severely impaired (minimum dP/dt -40%). Reperfusion over a period of 20 min did not lead to a complete recovery of LV function.
Real-time pressure-volume analysis served as a valid procedure for monitoring cardiac function during acute myocardial infarction in mice. Maintaining stable anesthesia and a standardized surgical approach was crucial to ensure valid results. As the early phase of acute myocardial infarction is critical for morbidity and mortality, the delineated method could be beneficial for preclinical evaluation of new strategies for cardioprotection.

Acute myocardial infarction in mice induces acute but incompletely characterized changes in left ventricular (LV) function. LV catheterization in mice undergoing coronary artery occlusion serves as a novel method for a real-time evaluation of LV function.

マウスにおける急性心筋梗塞のリアルタイム圧解析

Acute myocardial infarction can lead to acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock. The evaluation of hemodynamics is critical for the evaluation of any ...

Complete and Partial Aortic Occlusion for the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Shock in Swine

Hemorrhage remains the leading cause of preventable deaths in trauma. Endovascular management of non-compressible torso hemorrhage has been at the forefront of trauma care in recent years. Since complete aortic occlusion presents serious concerns, the concept of partial aortic occlusion has gained a growing attention. Here, we present a large animal model of hemorrhagic shock to investigate the effects of a novel partial aortic balloon occlusion catheter and compare it with a catheter that works on the principles of complete aortic occlusion. Swine are anesthetized and instrumented in order to conduct controlled fixed-volume hemorrhage, and hemodynamic and physiological parameters are monitored. Following hemorrhage, aortic balloon occlusion catheters are inserted and inflated in the supraceliac aorta for 60 min, during which the animals receive whole-blood resuscitation as 20% of the total blood volume (TBV). Following balloon deflation, the animals are monitored in a critical care setting for 4 h, during which they receive fluid resuscitation and vasopressors as needed. The partial aortic balloon occlusion demonstrated improved distal mean arterial pressures (MAPs) during the balloon inflation, decreased markers of ischemia, and decreased fluid resuscitation and vasopressor use. As swine physiology and homeostatic responses following hemorrhage have been well-documented and are like those in humans, a swine hemorrhagic shock model can be used to test various treatment strategies. In addition to treating hemorrhage, aortic balloon occlusion catheters have become popular for their role in cardiac arrest, cardiac and vascular surgery, and other high-risk elective surgical procedures.

Here, we present a protocol demonstrating a hemorrhagic shock model in swine that uses aortic occlusion as a bridge to definitive care in trauma. This model has application in testing a wide range of surgical and pharmacological therapeutic strategies.

豚の出血性ショックの治療のための完全なおよび部分的な大動脈閉塞症

Hemorrhage remains the leading cause of preventable deaths in trauma. Endovascular management of non-compressible torso hemorrhage has been at the ...

Standardized Hemorrhagic Shock Induction Guided by Cerebral Oximetry and Extended Hemodynamic Monitoring in Pigs

Hemorrhagic shock ranks among the main reasons for severe injury-related death. The loss of circulatory volume and oxygen carriers can lead to an insufficient oxygen supply and irreversible organ failure. The brain exerts only limited compensation capacities and is particularly at high risk of severe hypoxic damage.This article demonstrates the reproducible induction of life-threatening hemorrhagic shock in a porcine model by means of calculated blood withdrawal. We titrate shock induction guided by near-infrared spectroscopy&#160;and extended hemodynamic monitoring to display systemic circulatory failure, as well as cerebral microcirculatory oxygen depletion. In comparison to similar models that primarily focus on predefined removal volumes for shock induction, this approach highlights a titration by means of the resulting failure of macro- and microcirculation.

Hemorrhagic shock is a severe complication in seriously injured patients, which leads to life-threatening oxygen undersupply. We present a standardized method to induce hemorrhagic shock via blood withdrawal in pigs that is guided by hemodynamics and microcirculatory cerebral oxygenation.

ブタの脳オキシメトリーと拡張血行力モニタリングによって導かれる標準化された出血性ショック誘導

Hemorrhagic shock ranks among the main reasons for severe injury-related death. The loss of circulatory volume and oxygen carriers can lead to an ...

The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation

Here, based on a clinician&rsquo;s point-of-view, we propose a two-model lower body positive pressure (LBPP) protocol (walking and squatting models) in addition to a clinical, functional assessment methodology, including details for further encouragement of the development of non-drug surgical intervention strategies in knee osteoarthritis patients. However, we only present the effect of LBPP training in improvement of pain and knee function in one patient through three-dimensional gait analysis. The exact, long-term effects of this approach should be explored in future studies.

Here, based on a clinician&#8217;s point-of-view, we propose a two-model lower body positive pressure (LBPP) protocol (walking and squatting models) in addition to a clinical, functional assessment methodology, including details for further encouragement of the development of non-drug surgical intervention strategies in knee osteoarthritis patients. However, we only present the effect of LBPP training in improvement of pain and knee function in one patient through three-dimensional gait analysis. The exact, long-term effects of this approach should be explored in future studies.

膝変形性関節症リハビリテーションのための下半身ポジティブ圧力トレッドミル

Here, based on a clinician&rsquo;s point-of-view, we propose a two-model lower body positive pressure (LBPP) protocol (walking and squatting models) in ...

Closed Chest Biventricular Pressure-Volume Loop Recordings with Admittance Catheters in a Porcine Model

Pressure-volume (PV) loop recording enables the state-of-the-art investigation of load-independent variables of ventricular performance. Uni-ventricular evaluation is often performed in preclinical research. However, the right and left ventricles exert functional interdependence due to their parallel and serial connections, encouraging simultaneous evaluation of both ventricles. Furthermore, various pharmacological interventions may affect the ventricles and their preloads and afterloads differently. 
We describe our closed chest approach to admittance-based bi-ventricular PV loop recordings in a porcine model of acute right ventricular (RV) overload. We utilize minimally invasive techniques with all vascular accesses guided by ultrasound. PV catheters are positioned, under fluoroscopic guidance, to avoid thoracotomy in animals, as the closed chest approach maintains the relevant cardiopulmonary physiology. The admittance technology provides real-time PV loop recordings without the need for post-hoc processing. Furthermore, we explain some essential troubleshooting steps during critical timepoints of the presented procedure. 
The presented protocol is a reproducible and physiologically relevant approach to obtain a bi-ventricular cardiac PV loop recording in a large animal model. This can be applied to a large variety of cardiovascular animal research.

Here we present a closed chest approach to admittance-based bi-ventricular pressure-volume loop recordings in pigs with acute right ventricular dysfunction.

ブタモデルにおけるアドミタンスカテーテルによる閉鎖胸部両室圧容積ループ記録

Pressure-volume (PV) loop recording enables the state-of-the-art investigation of load-independent variables of ventricular performance. Uni-ventricular ...