出血性ショックGM053789の資金源/ナンバー分子生物学

<ol>
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L., Uchida, T., Kramer, G. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluid+compartment+in+hemorrhaged+rats+after+hyperosmotic+crystalloid+and+hyperoncotic+crystalloid+resuscitation.">Fluid compartment in hemorrhaged rats after hyperosmotic crystalloid and hyperoncotic crystalloid resuscitation.</a> Am J Physiol. 270, F1-F8 (1996).</li><li>Perel, P., Roberts, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Colloids+vs+crystalloids+for+fluid+resuscitation+in+critically+ill+patients.">Colloids vs crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients.</a> Cochrane Database System Rev. 4, CD000567-CD000567 (2007).</li></ol>

動物実験は、監督とガイドラインと規制機関動物実験委員会によって定められたと研究の行動規範とピッツバーグ大学のコンプライアンス室、完全認可AALAS / AALAC機関に従って行った。動物の源は、ジャクソン研究所とチャールズ川の研究所などがあります。すべての動物が豊富な健康上の各ベンダーを通して保証だけでなく、ピッツバーグの内部の動物の健康監視プログラムの大学を受ける。この研究は、脊椎動物、動物の使用に関する米国政府のプリンシパルに準拠して実施しています。プログラムは、USDAに登録され、実験動物の福祉の公衆衛生サービス局に保証の手紙を持っています。

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><th>装置</th><th>メーカー</th><th>カタログ番号</th></tr><tr><td> Dumonts（SS/45 °の角度0.2x0.12mmチップ、13.5センチメートル長さ） </td><td>ファイン科学ツール</td><td> 11203〜25 </td></tr><tr><td>外科はさみ（まっすぐ- 12センチメートル） </td><td>ファイン科学ツール</td><td> 14068〜12 </td></tr><tr><td>止血（曲面- 12.5センチメートル） </td><td>ファイン科学ツール</td><td> 13009〜12 </td></tr><tr><td> Microscissors（春のはさみ-ストレート- 8センチメートル） </td><td>ファイン科学ツール</td><td> 15000〜00 </td></tr><tr><td>鉗子（0.8ミリメートルチップ、曲面- 10センチメートル） </td><td>ファイン科学ツール</td><td> 11050〜10 </td></tr><tr><td>リール6-0で縫合</td><td>ファイン科学ツール</td><td> 18020〜60 </td></tr><tr><td>縫合糸4から0 PDSII </td><td>ペンの獣医</td><td> ETHZ304H </td></tr><tr><td>ガーゼ4 × 4 </td><td>任意のグローバルベンダーから購入することができます</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>綿チップアプリケーター</td><td>任意のグローバルベンダーから購入することができます</td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 30Gの針</td><td>任意のグローバルベンダーから購入することができます</td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 23Gの針</td><td>任意のグローバルベンダーから購入することができます</td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 3CCシリンジ</td><td>任意のグローバルベンダーから購入することができます</td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 5ccシリンジ</td><td>任意のグローバルベンダーから購入することができます</td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 10ccのシリンジ</td><td>任意のグローバルベンダーから購入することができます</td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 50ccの円錐管</td><td>任意のグローバルベンダーから購入することができます</td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 1ccの注射器のw / 25G針</td><td>フィッシャーサイエンティフィック</td><td> 14-826-88 </td></tr><tr><td>ポリエチレン10チューブ100`（PE - 10） </td><td>フィッシャーサイエンティフィック</td><td> 14から170 - 12P </td></tr><tr><td>ポリエチレン50チューブ100`（PE - 50） </td><td>フィッシャーサイエンティフィック</td><td> 14から170 - 12B </td></tr><tr><td> 3方活栓</td><td>フィッシャーサイエンティフィック</td><td> NC9779127 </td></tr><tr><td>外科青パッド</td><td>フィッシャーサイエンティフィック</td><td> 50から7105 </td></tr><tr><td>滅菌フィールドドレッシング</td><td>フィッシャーサイエンティフィック</td><td> NC9517505 </td></tr><tr><td>テープは&quot;1ロール</td><td>コー​​ポレートエクスプレス</td><td> MMM26001 </td></tr><tr><td>ストレートサイド広口瓶（ノーズコーン用キャップとして使用される） </td><td> VWR </td><td> 159000-058 </td></tr><tr><td>ステンレス製トレイ8&quot;× 11&quot; </td><td> VWR </td><td> 62687-049 </td></tr><tr><td>オス - オスLeurのロック3方向</td><td> VWR </td><td> 20068-909 </td></tr><tr><td>滅菌ポーチ3&quot;X8&quot; </td><td> VWR </td><td> 24008 </td></tr><tr><td>滅菌袋5&quot;X10&quot; </td><td> VWR </td><td> 24010 </td></tr><tr><td>ワイルドM650顕微鏡のw /ブームスタンド</td><td>ライカ</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ライカIC Dデジタルカメラ/ライブ映像</td><td>ライカ</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>デジメッドBPA - 400アナライザ＆システムインテグレーター</td><td>マイクロメッド</td><td> SYS - 400 </td></tr><tr><td> TXD - 310（Digi - Keyはメッドトランスデューサ） </td><td>マイクロメッド</td><td> TXD - 300 </td></tr><tr><td>コンピュータ</td><td>デル</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ホットビーズ機器滅菌器</td><td> VWR </td><td> 18000〜45 </td></tr><tr><td>オスターA5バリカンワットサイズ40ブレード</td><td> VWR </td><td> 10749-020 </td></tr><tr><td>循環heatinグラムパッド18x26 </td><td>ハーバード</td><td> py872 - 5272 </td></tr><tr><td>直腸温度計</td><td>ケントサイエンティフィック</td><td> RET - 3 </td></tr></tbody></table><table border="1"><tbody><tr><th>試薬</th><th>濃度</th><th>メーカー</th><th>カタログ番号</th></tr><tr><td>ペントバルビタールナトリウム（Nembutolナトリウム溶液） </td><td> 70mg/kg </td><td>オベーション</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ブプレノルフィン塩酸</td><td> 0.1mg/kg </td><td>ベッドフォード研究所</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>乳酸リンゲル注射250ccクラスIVのバッグ</td><td>バクスター</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Aerrane（イソフルラン） </td><td> 99.9パーセント</td><td> NLSアニマルヘルス</td><td> 105996 </td></tr><tr><td>ヘパリンナトリウム</td><td> 1000U </td><td> Abraxis </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>静菌性塩化ナトリウム</td><td> 0.9パーセント</td><td>ホスピーラ</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>エチルアルコール</td><td> 70パーセント</td><td>ファーマAAPER </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Triadineポビドンヨード（Betadine） </td><td></td><td>トライアドの使い捨て</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

fixed volume or fixed pressure: a murine model of hemorrhagic shock

それは、重度の失血や外傷が（MODこれらのシグナリングのイベントはまた敗血症および/ ​​または多臓器不全につながることがしばしば死亡をもたらす有害なシグナル伝達事象のカスケード1、2、3、4、5が発生する可能性があることはよく知られて）6、7、8、9それは外傷に苦しむ患者を助けるために、より効果的な方法を開発するために、抑制免疫機能と有害なシグナル伝達カスケードの原因を調査して重要である。10この固定圧力の出血性ショック（HS）手順は、技術的に困難なものの、これらの病態生理学的条件の調査のための優れたリソースです。11、12、生物系の評価13の進歩は、すなわちシステムバイオロジーは、さらに複雑な生理的なネットワークとセルラー通信のパターンを理解するために科学的なコミュニティを有効にしている。14出血性ショックは、免疫機能に関連するこれらの細胞のコミュニケーションパターンを発表するための重要なツールであることが実証されています。15、16、17、18この手順をマスターすることができます！この手順は、一定量または一定の圧力のアプローチのどちらかとして使用することができます。我々は、自然免疫と獲得免疫機能の研究を強化するためにマウスモデルでこの手法を適応した。マウスのサイズが小さいのHSのために19、20、21は固有の課題を提示。多くの利用可能なマウス系統にしかし原因で、この種は、生物学的応答の研究のための比類のないリソースを表します。 HSモデルは、ショックの他の形態とは異なる別個の応答を誘発するとして、携帯通信パターンやホルモンや炎症性メディエーターシステム、および危険信号、すなわちDAMPとPAMP上方制御などのシステムの応答を研究するための重要なモデルです。22、23 、24、25トランスジェニックマウス系統と特定のシグナル伝達を阻害する生物学的製剤の誘導の開発は、さらに深刻な失血、すなわちHSおよび外傷26日以降のシグナル伝達のアップおよびダウンレギュレーションの理解を明らかにする27の貴重な機会を提示している、28、29、30。 HSおよび外傷に関連して多数の蘇生法（R）。31、32、33、34が存在する三回小屋の血液量に等しいだけに乳酸リンゲル液（LR）の一定量の蘇生法は、、このモデルで使用されていますこのような遠隔臓器障害と全身性炎症のような内因性のメカニズムを研究する。蘇生35、36、38、このメソッドはHSと外傷38、39の効果を評価する上で有効であることが証明されている。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fixed Volume or Fixed Pressure: A Murine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock at JoVE.com

Fixed Volume or Fixed Pressure: A Murine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock

出血性ショックモデルでは、外傷後の炎症およびエンド臓器障害に関連するシグナル伝達カスケードの同定と理解を容易に信頼性と再現性のあるリソースとなっています。この記事では、マウスでは出血性ショックの実験手順に関連付けられている外科的および機械的な側面のステップバイステップの説明を提供します。

固定ボリュームまたは固定圧力：出血性ショックのマウスモデル

It is common knowledge that severe blood loss and traumatic injury can lead to a cascade of detrimental signaling events often resulting in mortality. 1, ...

fixed-volume-or-fixed-pressure-a-murine-model-of-hemorrhagic-shock

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

24.6K ビュー.  University of Pittsburgh. 出血性ショックモデルでは、外傷後の炎症およびエンド臓器障害に関連するシグナル伝達カスケードの同定と理解を容易に信頼性と再現性のあるリソースとなっています。この記事では、マウスでは出血性ショックの実験手順に関連付けられている外科的および機械的な側面のステップバイステップの説明を提供します。

ビデオ: Fixed Volume or Fixed Pressure: A Murine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock

Measurement of the Pressure-volume Curve in Mouse Lungs

In recent decades the mouse has become the primary animal model of a variety of lung diseases. In models of emphysema or fibrosis, the essential phenotypic changes are best assessed by measurement of the changes in lung elasticity. To best understand specific mechanisms underlying such pathologies in mice, it is essential to make functional measurements that can reflect the developing pathology. Although there are many ways to measure elasticity, the classical method is that of the total lung pressure-volume (PV) curve done over the whole range of lung volumes. This measurement has been made on adult lungs from nearly all mammalian species dating back almost 100 years, and such PV curves also played a major role in the discovery and understanding of the function of pulmonary surfactant in fetal lung development. Unfortunately, such total PV curves have not been widely reported in the mouse, despite the fact that they can provide useful information on the macroscopic effects of structural changes in the lung. Although partial PV curves measuring just the changes in lung volume are sometimes reported, without a measure of absolute volume, the nonlinear nature of the total PV curve makes these partial ones very difficult to interpret. In the present study, we describe a standardized way to measure the total PV curve. We have then tested the ability of these curves to detect changes in mouse lung structure in two common lung pathologies, emphysema and fibrosis. Results showed significant changes in several variables consistent with expected structural changes with these pathologies. This measurement of the lung PV curve in mice thus provides a straightforward means to monitor the progression of the pathophysiologic changes over time and the potential effect of therapeutic procedures.

Here we present a protocol to simply and reliably measure the lung pressure-volume curve in mice, showing that it is sufficiently sensitive to detect phenotypic parenchymal changes in two common lung pathologies, pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. This metric provides a means to quantify the lung&#8217;s structural changes with developing pathology.

マウス肺における圧力 - 容積曲線の測定

In recent decades the mouse has become the primary animal model of a variety of lung diseases. In models of emphysema or fibrosis, the essential ...

医学

Uncontrolled Hemorrhagic Shock Modeled via Liver Laceration in Mice with Real Time Hemodynamic Monitoring

Uncontrolled hemorrhage is an important cause of preventable deaths among trauma patients. We have developed a murine model of uncontrolled hemorrhage via a liver laceration that results in consistent blood loss, hemodynamic alterations, and survival.
Mice undergo a standardized resection of the left-middle lobe of the liver. They are allowed to bleed without mechanical intervention. Hemostatic agents can be administered as pre-treatment or rescue therapy depending on the interest of the investigator. During the time of hemorrhage, real-time hemodynamic monitoring via a left femoral arterial line is performed. Mice are then sacrificed, blood loss is quantified, blood is collected for further analysis, and organs are harvested for analysis of injury. Experimental design is described to allow for simultaneous testing of multiple animals.
Liver hemorrhage as a model of uncontrolled hemorrhage exists in the literature, primarily in rat and porcine models. Some of these models utilize hemodynamic monitoring or quantify blood loss but lack consistency. The present model incorporates quantification of blood loss, real-time hemodynamic monitoring in a murine model that offers the advantage of using transgenic lines and a high-throughput mechanism to further investigate the pathophysiologic mechanisms in uncontrolled hemorrhage.

Uncontrolled hemorrhage, an important cause of mortality among trauma patients, can be modeled using a standard liver laceration in a murine model. This model results in consistent blood loss, survival, and allows for testing hemostatic agents. This article provides the step-by-step process to perform this valuable model.

リアルタイム血行動態モニタリングを用いたマウスの肝梗塞モデルによる制御不能出血性ショック

Uncontrolled hemorrhage is an important cause of preventable deaths among trauma patients. We have developed a murine model of uncontrolled hemorrhage via ...

Surgical Training for the Implantation of Neocortical Microelectrode Arrays Using a Formaldehyde-fixed Human Cadaver Model

This protocol describes a procedure to assist surgeons in training for the implantation of microelectrode arrays into the neocortex of the human brain. Recent technological progress has enabled the fabrication of microelectrode arrays that allow recording the activity of multiple individual neurons in the neocortex of the human brain. These arrays have the potential to bring unique insight onto the neuronal correlates of cerebral function in health and disease. Furthermore, the identification and decoding of volitional neuronal activity opens the possibility to establish brain-computer interfaces, and thus might help restore lost neurological functions. The implantation of neocortical microelectrode arrays is an invasive procedure requiring a supra-centimetric craniotomy and the exposure of the cortical surface; thus, the procedure must be performed by an adequately trained neurosurgeon. In order to provide an opportunity for surgical training, we designed a procedure based on a human cadaver model. The use of a formaldehyde-fixed human cadaver bypasses the practical, ethical and financial difficulties of surgical practice on animals (especially non-human primates) while preserving the macroscopic structure of the head, skull, meninges and cerebral surface and allowing realistic, operating room-like positioning and instrumentation. Furthermore, the use of a human cadaver is closer to clinical daily practice than any non-human model. The major drawbacks of the cadaveric simulation are the absence of cerebral pulsation and of blood and cerebrospinal fluid circulation. We suggest that a formaldehyde-fixed human cadaver model is an adequate, practical and cost-effective approach to ensure proper surgical training before implanting microelectrode arrays in the living human neocortex.

We designed a procedure in which a formaldehyde-fixed human cadaver is used to assist neurosurgeons in training for the implantation of microelectrode arrays into the neocortex of the human brain.

人間の死体をホルマリン固定モデルを用いた皮質微小電極アレイの注入の手術トレーニング

This protocol describes a procedure to assist surgeons in training for the implantation of microelectrode arrays into the neocortex of the human brain. ...

Complete and Partial Aortic Occlusion for the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Shock in Swine

Hemorrhage remains the leading cause of preventable deaths in trauma. Endovascular management of non-compressible torso hemorrhage has been at the forefront of trauma care in recent years. Since complete aortic occlusion presents serious concerns, the concept of partial aortic occlusion has gained a growing attention. Here, we present a large animal model of hemorrhagic shock to investigate the effects of a novel partial aortic balloon occlusion catheter and compare it with a catheter that works on the principles of complete aortic occlusion. Swine are anesthetized and instrumented in order to conduct controlled fixed-volume hemorrhage, and hemodynamic and physiological parameters are monitored. Following hemorrhage, aortic balloon occlusion catheters are inserted and inflated in the supraceliac aorta for 60 min, during which the animals receive whole-blood resuscitation as 20% of the total blood volume (TBV). Following balloon deflation, the animals are monitored in a critical care setting for 4 h, during which they receive fluid resuscitation and vasopressors as needed. The partial aortic balloon occlusion demonstrated improved distal mean arterial pressures (MAPs) during the balloon inflation, decreased markers of ischemia, and decreased fluid resuscitation and vasopressor use. As swine physiology and homeostatic responses following hemorrhage have been well-documented and are like those in humans, a swine hemorrhagic shock model can be used to test various treatment strategies. In addition to treating hemorrhage, aortic balloon occlusion catheters have become popular for their role in cardiac arrest, cardiac and vascular surgery, and other high-risk elective surgical procedures.

Here, we present a protocol demonstrating a hemorrhagic shock model in swine that uses aortic occlusion as a bridge to definitive care in trauma. This model has application in testing a wide range of surgical and pharmacological therapeutic strategies.

豚の出血性ショックの治療のための完全なおよび部分的な大動脈閉塞症

Hemorrhage remains the leading cause of preventable deaths in trauma. Endovascular management of non-compressible torso hemorrhage has been at the ...

Standardized Hemorrhagic Shock Induction Guided by Cerebral Oximetry and Extended Hemodynamic Monitoring in Pigs

Hemorrhagic shock ranks among the main reasons for severe injury-related death. The loss of circulatory volume and oxygen carriers can lead to an insufficient oxygen supply and irreversible organ failure. The brain exerts only limited compensation capacities and is particularly at high risk of severe hypoxic damage.This article demonstrates the reproducible induction of life-threatening hemorrhagic shock in a porcine model by means of calculated blood withdrawal. We titrate shock induction guided by near-infrared spectroscopy&#160;and extended hemodynamic monitoring to display systemic circulatory failure, as well as cerebral microcirculatory oxygen depletion. In comparison to similar models that primarily focus on predefined removal volumes for shock induction, this approach highlights a titration by means of the resulting failure of macro- and microcirculation.

Hemorrhagic shock is a severe complication in seriously injured patients, which leads to life-threatening oxygen undersupply. We present a standardized method to induce hemorrhagic shock via blood withdrawal in pigs that is guided by hemodynamics and microcirculatory cerebral oxygenation.

ブタの脳オキシメトリーと拡張血行力モニタリングによって導かれる標準化された出血性ショック誘導

Hemorrhagic shock ranks among the main reasons for severe injury-related death. The loss of circulatory volume and oxygen carriers can lead to an ...

Closed Chest Biventricular Pressure-Volume Loop Recordings with Admittance Catheters in a Porcine Model

Pressure-volume (PV) loop recording enables the state-of-the-art investigation of load-independent variables of ventricular performance. Uni-ventricular evaluation is often performed in preclinical research. However, the right and left ventricles exert functional interdependence due to their parallel and serial connections, encouraging simultaneous evaluation of both ventricles. Furthermore, various pharmacological interventions may affect the ventricles and their preloads and afterloads differently. 
We describe our closed chest approach to admittance-based bi-ventricular PV loop recordings in a porcine model of acute right ventricular (RV) overload. We utilize minimally invasive techniques with all vascular accesses guided by ultrasound. PV catheters are positioned, under fluoroscopic guidance, to avoid thoracotomy in animals, as the closed chest approach maintains the relevant cardiopulmonary physiology. The admittance technology provides real-time PV loop recordings without the need for post-hoc processing. Furthermore, we explain some essential troubleshooting steps during critical timepoints of the presented procedure. 
The presented protocol is a reproducible and physiologically relevant approach to obtain a bi-ventricular cardiac PV loop recording in a large animal model. This can be applied to a large variety of cardiovascular animal research.

Here we present a closed chest approach to admittance-based bi-ventricular pressure-volume loop recordings in pigs with acute right ventricular dysfunction.

ブタモデルにおけるアドミタンスカテーテルによる閉鎖胸部両室圧容積ループ記録

Pressure-volume (PV) loop recording enables the state-of-the-art investigation of load-independent variables of ventricular performance. Uni-ventricular ...

Complete and Partial Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta for Hemorrhagic Shock

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) devices grew out of a military-civilian partnership to develop new capabilities for hemorrhage control. With the advent of purpose-built devices, REBOA has become increasingly common in civilian trauma and acute care settings. Currently available REBOA catheters were designed as complete aortic occlusion devices. However, the therapeutic window for complete aortic occlusion is time-limited due to ischemia-reperfusion injury. The partial procedure allows blood flow past the level of occlusion while maintaining targeted proximal pressure, which has been shown to reduce distal ischemia and adjunctive resuscitation requirements in preclinical studies with prolonged occlusion times as compared to traditional complete occlusion.
pREBOA-PRO is the first catheter designed to enable partial and complete aortic occlusion and is currently in limited market release at seven Level I trauma centers in North America. This paper will focus on procedural considerations for REBOA, including patient selection criteria and a comparison of complete and partial aortic occlusion in a simulator, along with highlighting critical steps to improve clinical outcomes. Additionally, this paper reviews a contrast-enhanced CT scan from a trauma patient that shows distal perfusion after 2 h of partial aortic occlusion using this newly designed catheter and discusses representative results from the limited market release to highlight the profound effect of technological innovation on outcomes in vascular emergencies.

A commercial catheter was designed to facilitate true partial resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) and address the complications associated with complete aortic occlusion. Initial clinical reports indicate that partial REBOA improves transition to reperfusion, reduction of distal ischemia, and extension of safe occlusion time compared to complete occlusion.

出血性ショックのための大動脈の完全かつ部分的な蘇生血管内バルーン閉塞

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) devices grew out of a military-civilian partnership to develop new capabilities for ...

Description of a Swine Infant Model of Volume-Controlled Hemorrhagic Shock

Hemorrhagic shock is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients. Interpretation of the clinical indicators validated in adults to guide resuscitation and comparison between different therapies is difficult in children due to the inherent heterogeneity of this population. As a result, compared to adults, appropriate management of pediatric hemorrhagic shock is still not well established. In addition, the scarcity of pediatric patients with hemorrhagic shock precludes the development of clinically relevant studies. For this reason, an experimental pediatric animal model is necessary to study the effects of hemorrhage in children as well as their response to different therapies. We present an infant animal model of volume-controlled hemorrhagic shock in anesthetized young pigs. Hemorrhage is induced by withdrawing a previously calculated blood volume, and the pig is subsequently monitored and resuscitated with different therapies. Here, we describe a precise and highly reproducible model of hemorrhagic shock in immature swine. The model yields hemodynamic data that characterizes compensatory mechanisms that are activated in response to severe hemorrhage.

This article aims to provide researchers with a detailed and accessible guide to set up an infant porcine model of hemorrhagic shock.

容積制御出血性ショックのブタ乳児モデルの説明

Hemorrhagic shock is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients. Interpretation of the clinical indicators validated in adults to ...

LPS注入によるブタのエンドトキサス血症の用量依存的な誘導

Lipopolysaccharide Infusion as a Porcine Endotoxemic Shock Model

Sepsis and septic shock are frequently encountered in patients treated in intensive care units (ICUs) and are among the leading causes of death in these patients. It is caused by a dysregulated immune response to an infection. Even with optimized treatment, mortality rates remain high, which makes further insights into the pathophysiology and new treatment options necessary. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria, which are often responsible for infections causing sepsis and septic shock. 
The severity and high mortality of sepsis and septic shock make standardized experimental studies in humans impossible. Thus, an animal model is needed for further studies. The pig is especially well suited for this purpose as it closely resembles humans in anatomy, physiology, and size. 
This protocol provides an experimental model for endotoxemic shock in pigs by LPS infusion. We were able to reliably induce changes frequently observed in septic shock patients, including hemodynamic instability, respiratory failure, and acidosis. This will allow researchers to gain valuable insight into this highly relevant condition and evaluate new therapeutic approaches in an experimental setting.

著者スポットライト:血行動態および呼吸不全を研究するためのブタにおける実験的エンドトキセミックショックの誘導

We provide a protocol for an experimental endotoxemic shock model in pigs by infusion of lipopolysaccharide.

ブタ内毒素ショックモデルとしてのリポ多糖類注入

Sepsis and septic shock are frequently encountered in patients treated in intensive care units (ICUs) and are among the leading causes of death in these ...