This work was supported by NIH Grant HL093196 (R.C.R.) and the Atlanta Research and Education Foundation (AREF).

I. Allergen Sensitization and Challenge (see Figure 1)
A. For Intratracheal Challenge
<ol>
	<li>For initial sensitization, inject male or female C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice (6-8 weeks old) intraperitoneally on day 0 and again on day 7 with 20 &mu;g of ovalbumin (OVA; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) emulsified in 0.2 ml of sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 2 mg of aluminum hydroxide (Sigma-Aldrich) or with 2 mg aluminum hydroxide in 0.2 ml of sterile PBS as control.</l...

<ol>
	<li>Braman, S. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+global+burden+of+asthma.">The global burden of asthma.</a> Chest. 130, 4S-12S (2006).</li><li>Akinbami, L. J., Mooman, J. E., Liu, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Asthma+Prevalence,+Health+Care+Use,+and+Mortality:+2005-2009.">Asthma Prevalence, Health Care Use, and Mortality: 2005-2009.</a> National Health Statistics Reports. 32, 2005-2009 (2011).</li><li>Bates, J. H., Rincon, M., Irvin, C. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+asthma.">Animal models of asthma.</a> Am. J. Physiol. Lung. Cell. Mol. Physiol. 297, 401-410 (2009).</li><li>Drazen, J. M., Finn, P. W., De Sanctis, G. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+models+of+airway+responsiveness:+physiological+basis+of+observed+outcomes+and+analysis+of+selected+examples+using+these+outcome+indicators.">Mouse models of airway responsiveness: physiological basis of observed outcomes and analysis of selected examples using these outcome indicators.</a> Annu. Rev. Physiol. 61, 593-625 (1999).</li><li>Epstein, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Do+mouse+models+of+allergic+asthma+mimic+clinical+disease.">Do mouse models of allergic asthma mimic clinical disease.</a> Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 133, 84-100 (2004).</li><li>Blyth, D. I., Pedrick, M. S., Savage, T. J., Hessel, E. M., Fattah, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lung+inflammation+and+epithelial+changes+in+a+murine+model+of+atopic+asthma.">Lung inflammation and epithelial changes in a murine model of atopic asthma.</a> Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 14, 425-438 (1996).</li><li>Martin, T. R., Gerard, N. P., Galli, S. J., Drazen, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulmonary+responses+to+bronchoconstrictor+agonists+in+the+mouse.">Pulmonary responses to bronchoconstrictor agonists in the mouse.</a> J. Appl. Physiol. 64, 2318-2323 (1988).</li><li>Hamelmann, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noninvasive+measurement+of+airway+responsiveness+in+allergic+mice+using+barometric+plethysmography.">Noninvasive measurement of airway responsiveness in allergic mice using barometric plethysmography.</a> Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 156, 766-775 (1997).</li><li>Gelfand, E. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pro:+mice+are+a+good+model+of+human+airway+disease.">Pro: mice are a good model of human airway disease.</a> Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 166, 5-8 (2002).</li><li>Shapiro, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+asthma:+Pro:+Allergic+avoidance+of+animal+(model[s])+is+not+an+option.">Animal models of asthma: Pro: Allergic avoidance of animal (model[s]) is not an option.</a> Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 174, 1171-1173 (2006).</li><li>Zosky, G. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ovalbumin-sensitized+mice+are+good+models+for+airway+hyperresponsiveness+but+not+acute+physiological+responses+to+allergen+inhalation.">Ovalbumin-sensitized mice are good models for airway hyperresponsiveness but not acute physiological responses to allergen inhalation.</a> Clin. Exp. Allergy. 38, 829-838 (2008).</li><li>Nials, A. T., Uddin, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+models+of+allergic+asthma:+acute+and+chronic+allergen+challenge.">Mouse models of allergic asthma: acute and chronic allergen challenge.</a> Dis. Model. Mech. 1, 213-220 (2008).</li><li>Wenzel, S., Holgate, S. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+mouse+trap:+It+still+yields+few+answers+in+asthma.">The mouse trap: It still yields few answers in asthma.</a> Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 174, 1173-1178 (2006).</li><li>Rayamajhi, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Non-surgical+Intratracheal+Instillation+of+Mice+with+Analysis+of+Lungs+and+Lung+Draining+Lymph+Nodes+by+Flow+Cytometry.">Non-surgical Intratracheal Instillation of Mice with Analysis of Lungs and Lung Draining Lymph Nodes by Flow Cytometry.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (51), e2702 (2011).</li><li>Swedin, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+aerosol+and+intranasal+challenge+in+a+mouse+model+of+allergic+airway+inflammation+and+hyperresponsiveness.">Comparison of aerosol and intranasal challenge in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness.</a> Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 153, 249-258 (2010).</li><li>Gueders, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+models+of+asthma:+a+comparison+between+C57BL/6+and+BALB/c+strains+regarding+bronchial+responsiveness,+inflammation,+and+cytokine+production.">Mouse models of asthma: a comparison between C57BL/6 and BALB/c strains regarding bronchial responsiveness, inflammation, and cytokine production.</a> Inflamm. Res. 58, 845-854 (2009).</li><li>Zhu, W., Gilmour, M. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+allergic+lung+disease+in+three+mouse+strains+after+systemic+or+mucosal+sensitization+with+ovalbumin+antigen.">Comparison of allergic lung disease in three mouse strains after systemic or mucosal sensitization with ovalbumin antigen.</a> Immunogenetics. 61, 199-207 (2009).</li><li>Flandre, T. D., Leroy, P. L., Desmecht, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+somatic+growth,+strain,+and+sex+on+double-chamber+plethysmographic+respiratory+function+values+in+healthy+mice.">Effect of somatic growth, strain, and sex on double-chamber plethysmographic respiratory function values in healthy mice.</a> J. Appl. Physiol. 94, 1129-1136 (2003).</li><li>Hoymann, H. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Invasive+and+noninvasive+lung+function+measurements+in+rodents.">Invasive and noninvasive lung function measurements in rodents.</a> J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods. 55, 16-26 (2007).</li><li>Chong, B. T., Agrawal, D. K., Romero, F. A., Townley, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+bronchoconstriction+using+whole-body+plethysmograph:+comparison+of+freely+moving+versus+restrained+guinea+pigs.">Measurement of bronchoconstriction using whole-body plethysmograph: comparison of freely moving versus restrained guinea pigs.</a> J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods. 39, 163-168 (1998).</li></ol>

Experiments on animals were performed in accordance with the guidelines and regulations set forth by the Atlanta VAMC IACUC Committee under protocol #V010-10.

Animal models of allergic airway disease provide important tools for studies relevant to clinical asthma. A number of different models, employing varying species and antigens, have been developed. The mouse, an attractive and frequently used laboratory species, also offers a number of advantages for models of allergic airway disease.9,10 Although such models do not mimic asthma in every respect,11 with aspects of chronic disease being particularly difficult to reproduce,12,13 we confirm h...

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Material Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalogue Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ovalbumin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich 
			St. Louis, MO</td>
			<td>A5503</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum hydroxide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>239186</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetyl-&beta;-methylcholine chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A2251</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pentobarbital sodium salt</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P3761</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Whole body plethysmography 
			(WBP) system</td>
			<td>Buxco Research Systems 
			Wilmington, NC</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.buxco.com" target="_blank">http://www.buxco.com</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FlexiVent</td>
			<td>SCIREQ, Inc. 
			Montreal, Canada</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.scireq.com" target="_blank">http://www.scireq.com</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Light microscope</td>
			<td>Leica Microsystems, Inc. 
			Buffalo Grove, IL</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cytospin 4</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific 
			Asheville, NC</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diff-Quick stain</td>
			<td>Siemens 
			Newark, DE</td>
			<td>B4132-1A</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Repetitive pipette</td>
			<td>Tridak 
			Torrington, CT</td>
			<td>STP4001-0025</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

murine model of allergen induced asthma

Asthma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting some 300 million people throughout the world.1 More than 8% of the US population has asthma, with the prevalence increasing.2 As with other diseases, animal models of allergic airway disease greatly facilitate understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, help identify potential therapeutic targets, and allow preclinical testing of possible new therapies. Models of allergic airway disease have been developed in several animal species, but murine models are particularly attractive due to the low cost, ready availability, and well-characterized immune systems of these animals.3 Availability of a variety of transgenic strains further increases the attractiveness of these models.4 Here we describe two murine models of allergic airway disease, both employing ovalbumin as the antigen. Following initial sensitization by intraperitoneal injection, one model delivers the antigen challenge by nebulization, the other by intratracheal delivery. These two models offer complementary advantages, with each mimicking the major features of human asthma.5
The major features of acute asthma include an exaggerated airway response to stimuli such as methacholine (airway hyperresponsiveness; AHR) and eosinophil-rich airway inflammation. These are also prominent effects of allergen challenge in our murine models,5,6 and we describe techniques for measuring them and thus evaluating the effects of experimental manipulation. Specifically, we describe both invasive7 and non-invasive8 techniques for measuring airway hyperresponsiveness as well as methods for assessing infiltration of inflammatory cells into the airways and the lung. Airway inflammatory cells are collected by bronchoalveolar lavage while lung histopathology is used to assess markers of inflammation throughout the organ. These techniques provide powerful tools for studying asthma in ways that would not be possible in humans.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma at JoVE.com

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma

Experimental mouse models of allergic asthma offer new possibilities for studying disease pathogenesis and developing new therapeutics. These models are well suited to measuring factors governing the allergic immune response, airway inflammation, and pulmonary pathophysiology.

Asthma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting some 300 million people throughout the world.1 More than 8% of the US population has asthma, ...

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39.8K ビュー.  Emory University and Atlanta VA Medical Center. アレルギー性​​喘息の実験モデルマウスは、疾患の病因を研究し、新しい治療法を開発するための新たな可能性を提供します。これらのモデルはよくアレルギー性​​免疫応答、気道炎症、肺病態生理を支配する因子を測定するのに適しています。