この作品は、国立精神衛生研究所、国立科学財団によってサポートされていました。博士ジェンGutzman博士アマンダ·ディッキンソン、多くの有用な議論や建設的な批判のための他のSive研究室のメンバーに、専門家の魚飼育用のオリビエ​​Paugoisのおかげで、特別です。

1。マイクロインジェクション針とセルトラムの準備<ol><li>製造元の指示に従って、ミネラルオイルをエッペンドルフCellTramオイルマイクロインジェクター装置を記入してください。 </li><li>サッター楽器ニードルプラーを使用してキャピラリーチューブを引いて、マイクロインジェクション針を準備します。 </li><li>エッペンドルフCellTramに接続マニピュレーターに針を取り付けます。 </li><li>慎重に針の先端を破る。均一なチップサイズについては、マイクロメーターを用いて測定したり、参照針と比較します。 </li><li>任意の気泡を避けるように注意して、長さに沿って油をプッシュするCellTramを使用して、油で針の長さを記入してください。 </li></ol> 2。胚の準備<ol><li> 1から200μlのピペットチップを用いて1％アガロースコーティングされた皿に穴を突く、アガロースプラグを取り外します。胚メディア（ウェスター25に従って製）で皿を埋める。 </li><li>実体顕微鏡下でピンセット、dechorionate胚を用いた。 </li><li> dechorionated胚を転送アガロースコートディッシュに。 </li><li>胚は（ウェスター25によれば作られる）移動を停止するまでの胚を麻酔し、アガロース皿にTricaine（0.1 mg / ml）を加える。 </li></ol> 3。 eCSFを排出<ol><li>オリエントアガロースとその後部両側脳の背側の可視化を可能にする、マイクロマニピュレータに最も近いの穴にしっぽを持つ胚。 </li><li> rhombomere 0/1のヒンジ·ポイントまたは後脳室（ 図1A）の最も広いポイントで針を置きます。 </li><li>後脳の脳室の慎重ピアス屋根板は、卵黄に脳の深さを通過しないように気をつけてください。 </li><li> CellTramを使用eCSFを排出し、マイクロインジェクションニードル内の流体を収集します。任意のセルを避けるように注意してください。 </li></ol> 4。組成分析のためeCSFの収集<ol><li> eCSFが針に収集された後、慎重にCellTramから吸引を停止します。 </li><li>モー針の下から皿をVEと慎重に所望のバッファを含むチューブに針を配置します。 </li><li> CellTramを使用して、油で溶液の汚染を避けるためにしようとするバッファへの針のeCSFを流出。 </li><li>あなたは、10,000×gでeCSF、スピンeCSFと共に吸引されていることを細胞を除去するためである。収集し、さらなる分析のために-80℃でeCSF（上清）とストア°Cまで準備汚染されていない。 </li></ol> 5。選択した因子の再導入<ol><li>流体は、その期間内に補充されるので、所望の時間間隔の間にeCSF毎回2時間を排出します。温排水の時点までの間に、針を除去し、28.5℃で胚を保存したり、希望する。 </li><li>試験因子と第二マイクロピペット針をロードします。 </li><li>微量注入器に取り付けられたマイクロマニピュレーターに針を置きます。 </li><li>油の中にドロップサイズを測定し、射出時間とpを調整することによって、1をNLに注入量を調節ressure。 </li><li>前述の26記載脳室に1月2日NLを注入します。 </li></ol>

<ol>
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手動でゼブラフィッシュ脳室からeCSFを排出するために、この手法を使用するには、開発中にeCSFのための要件を決定するために有用であろう。また、この技術は、胚発生の過程でeCSFタンパク質プロファイルの説明をできるようになります。この時間の間に種々のタンパク質の同定は、CSFおよび脳の発達の間にその潜在的な役割の機能にさらに調査を可能にするでしょう。 amniotesで、eCSF（IGF2?...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 試薬の名称 </td><td> 会社 </td><td> カタログ番号 </td></tr><tr><td>エッペンドルフCellTramオイル</td><td>エッペンドルフ</td><td> 516 000.025 </td></tr><tr><td>鉱油</td><td>シグマ</td><td> M8410 </td></tr><tr><td> Tricaine粉</td><td>シグマ</td><td> A5040 </td></tr><tr><td>毛細管</td><td> FHC社</td><td> 30-30-1 </td></tr></tbody></table>

manual drainage of the zebrafish embryonic brain ventricles

脳脊髄液（CSF）は脳室内に含まれるタンパク質に富む流体である。これは初期の脊椎動物の胚発生時に存在しており、生涯にわたって持続します。アダルトCSFは、脳を和らげる廃棄物を削除して、分泌される分子の1,2を運ぶと考えられている。成人と高齢胚では、CSFの大半は脈絡叢、脳の脳室3から5に隣接して位置する高度に血管分泌領域のシリーズが作られています。ゼブラフィッシュでは、脈絡叢が完全に144時間後に受精（HPF）6が形成されている。これに先立ち、マウスを含むゼブラフィッシュや他の両方の脊椎動物の胚では、胚CSF（eCSF）かなりの量が存在しています。ひよこのこれらのデータと研究は神経上皮は、開発の早い段階で分泌され、前脈絡叢開発7〜eCSFの主要な源であることが示唆された。 eCSFは約3倍以上のタンパク質トンが含まれていますそれが発展8,9時に重要な役割を持っている可能性が示唆された漢成人CSF、。ニワトリとマウスでの研究はeCSF、流体圧力、またはこれらの組み合わせで分泌された因子は、神経上皮10月20日における神経発生、遺伝子発現、細胞増殖、細胞生存のために重要であることを実証している。ヒト、ラット、マウス、ニワトリeCSFのプロテオーム解析は、CSFの機能のために必要があるかもしれない多くのタンパク質を同定した。これらは、細胞外マトリックス成 ​​分、アポリポタンパク質、タンパク質を浸透圧調節、細胞死と増殖の21から24に関与するタンパク質を含む。しかし、eCSFの複雑な機能は不明な点が多い。 その結果、私たちはeCSFコンポーネントの識別のために、開発中のeCSF要件の分析が可能になり、ゼブラフィッシュの脳室からeCSFを除去するための方法を開発しました。もっとeCSFは他の脊椎動物システムワットから収集することができますがi番目の大きい胚、eCSFは、ゼブラフィッシュの開発の初期段階から収集され、異常な脳室の容積や形態につながる遺伝的または環境条件の下ですることができます。 eCSFの取り外しおよびコレクションは質量分析、eCSF機能の調査、およびアッセイに心室にselect into要因の再導入、それらの機能を可能にします。したがって、初期のゼブラフィッシュ胚のアクセシビリティは開発中eCSF機能の詳細な分析を可能にする。

排水脳室の例を図1B-Cに示されている。彼らはeCSF（C対図1B）を欠いているように脳室は折りたたまれています。背側の画像に見られるように（ 図1B-C、および図2A-D）後脳の神経上皮は、その特徴的な形態を保持しないと堅牢なヒンジ点に起因する可能性が高いeCSFの欠如にもかかわらず、開いていると思われる。しかし、横方向のビュー（ <str...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Manual Drainage of the Zebrafish Embryonic Brain Ventricles at JoVE.com

Manual Drainage of the Zebrafish Embryonic Brain Ventricles

我々は、脳脊髄液（CSF）を収集し、ゼブラフィッシュ胚の脳室系内のCSFを欠いてシステムを作成する方法を提案する。これは、胚の脳の発達中に脳脊髄液の組成とその要件の精査が可能になります。

ゼブラフィッシュ胚の脳室の手動排水

Cerebrospinal fluid  (CSF) is a protein rich fluid contained within the brain ventricles. It is  present during early vertebrate embryonic development and ...

manual-drainage-of-the-zebrafish-embryonic-brain-ventricles

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Neuroscience

9.9K ビュー.  Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 我々は、脳脊髄液（CSF）を収集し、ゼブラフィッシュ胚の脳室系内のCSFを欠いてシステムを作成する方法を提案する。これは、胚の脳の発達中に脳脊髄液の組成とその要件の精査が可能になります。

ビデオ: Manual Drainage of the Zebrafish Embryonic Brain Ventricles

An Assay for Permeability of the Zebrafish Embryonic Neuroepithelium

The brain ventricular system is conserved among vertebrates and is composed of a series of interconnected cavities called brain ventricles, which form during the earliest stages of brain development and are maintained throughout the animal's life. The brain ventricular system is found in vertebrates, and the ventricles develop after neural tube formation, when the central lumen fills with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 1,2. CSF is a protein rich fluid that is essential for normal brain development and function3-6.
In zebrafish, brain ventricle inflation begins at approximately 18 hr post fertilization (hpf), after the neural tube is closed. Multiple processes are associated with brain ventricle formation, including formation of a neuroepithelium, tight junction formation that regulates permeability and CSF production. We showed that the Na,K-ATPase is required for brain ventricle inflation, impacting all these processes 7,8, while claudin 5a is necessary for tight junction formation 9. Additionally, we showed that "relaxation" of the embryonic neuroepithelium, via inhibition of myosin, is associated with brain ventricle inflation.
To investigate the regulation of permeability during zebrafish brain ventricle inflation, we developed a ventricular dye retention assay. This method uses brain ventricle injection in a living zebrafish embryo, a technique previously developed in our lab10, to fluorescently label the cerebrospinal fluid. Embryos are then imaged over time as the fluorescent dye moves through the brain ventricles and neuroepithelium. The distance the dye front moves away from the basal (non-luminal) side of the neuroepithelium over time is quantified and is a measure of neuroepithelial permeability (Figure 1). We observe that dyes 70 kDa and smaller will move through the neuroepithelium and can be detected outside the embryonic zebrafish brain at 24 hpf (Figure 2).
This dye retention assay can be used to analyze neuroepithelial permeability in a variety of different genetic backgrounds, at different times during development, and after environmental perturbations. It may also be useful in examining pathological accumulation of CSF. Overall, this technique allows investigators to analyze the role and regulation of permeability during development and disease.

We describe a live whole animal quantitative measurement for permeability of the embryonic zebrafish brain. The technique analyzes the ability to retain cerebrospinal fluid and molecules of different molecular weights within the neural tube lumen and quantifies their movement out of the ventricles. This method is useful for determining differences in epithelial permeability and maturation during development and disease.

ゼブラフィッシュ胚性神経上皮の透水性に関するアッセイ

The brain ventricular system is conserved among vertebrates and is composed of a series of interconnected cavities called brain ventricles, which form ...

神経科学

Micromanipulation of Gene Expression in the Adult Zebrafish Brain Using Cerebroventricular Microinjection of Morpholino Oligonucleotides

Manipulation of gene expression in tissues is required to perform functional studies. In this paper, we demonstrate the cerebroventricular microinjection (CVMI) technique as a means to modulate gene expression in the adult zebrafish brain. By using CVMI, substances can be administered into the cerebroventricular fluid and be thoroughly distributed along the rostrocaudal axis of the brain. We particularly focus on the use of antisense morpholino oligonucleotides, which are potent tools for knocking down gene expression in vivo. In our method, when applied, morpholino molecules are taken up by the cells lining the ventricular surface. These cells include the radial glial cells, which act as neurogenic progenitors. Therefore, knocking down gene expression in the radial glial cells is of utmost importance to analyze the widespread neurogenesis response in zebrafish, and also would provide insight into how vertebrates could sustain adult neurogenesis response. Such an understanding would also help the efforts for clinical applications in human neurodegenerative disorders and central nervous system regeneration. Thus, we present the cerebroventricular microinjection method as a quick and efficient way to alter gene expression and neurogenesis response in the adult zebrafish forebrain. We also provide troubleshooting tips and other useful information on how to carry out the CVMI procedure.

In this article, we demonstrate a method for manipulation of gene expression in the ventricular cells of the adult zebrafish telencephalon using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides. We present this method as an efficient and quick protocol that can be used for functional studies in the adult vertebrate brain.

モルホリノオリゴヌクレオチドの脳室マイクロインジェクションを使用した大人のゼブラフィッシュ脳における遺伝子発現のマイクロマニピュレーション

Manipulation of gene expression in tissues is  required to perform functional studies. In this paper, we demonstrate the  cerebroventricular ...

Patch Clamp Recordings from Embryonic Zebrafish Mauthner Cells

Mauthner cells (M-cells) are large reticulospinal neurons located in the hindbrain of teleost fish. They are key neurons involved in a characteristic behavior known as the C-start or escape response that occurs when the organism perceives a threat. The M-cell has been extensively studied in adult goldfish where it has been shown to receive a wide range of excitatory, inhibitory and neuromodulatory signals1. We have been examining M-cell activity in embryonic zebrafish in order to study aspects of synaptic development in a vertebrate preparation. In the late 1990s Ali and colleagues developed a preparation for patch clamp recording from M-cells in zebrafish embryos, in which the CNS was largely intact2,3,4. The objective at that time was to record synaptic activity from hindbrain neurons, spinal cord neurons and trunk skeletal muscle while maintaining functional synaptic connections within an intact brain-spinal cord preparation. This preparation is still used in our laboratory today. To examine the mechanisms underlying developmental synaptic plasticity, we record excitatory (AMPA and NMDA-mediated)5,6 and inhibitory (GABA and glycine) synaptic currents from developing M-cells. Importantly, this unique preparation allows us to return to the same cell (M-cell) from preparation to preparation to carefully examine synaptic plasticity and neuro-development in an embryonic organism. The benefits provided by this preparation include 1) intact, functional synaptic connections onto the M-cell, 2) relatively inexpensive preparations, 3) a large supply of readily available embryos 4) the ability to return to the same cell type (i.e. M-cell) in every preparation, so that synaptic development at the level of an individual cell can be examined from fish to fish, and 5) imaging of whole preparations due to the transparent nature of the embryos.

We have developed an intact brain-spinal cord preparation to record and monitor electrical activity via patch clamp recording from the Mauthner neurons and other reticulospinal cells in zebrafish embryos. Thus, we are able to record excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents, voltage-gated channel activity and action potentials from key neurons in a developing embryo.

胚ゼブラフィッシュマウスナー細胞からパッチクランプ記録

Mauthner cells (M-cells) are large  reticulospinal neurons located in the hindbrain of teleost fish. They are key  neurons involved in a characteristic ...

Isolation and Culture of Endothelial Cells from the Embryonic Forebrain

Embryonic brain endothelial cells can serve as an important tool in the study of angiogenesis and neurovascular development and interactions. The two vascular networks of the embryonic forebrain, pial and periventricular, are spatially distinctive and have different origins and growth patterns. Endothelial cells from the pial and periventricular vascular networks have unique gene expression profiles and functions. Here we present a step-by-step protocol for isolation, culture, and verification of pure populations of endothelial cells from the periventricular vascular network (PVECs) of the embryonic forebrain (telencephalon). In this approach, telencephalon devoid of pial membrane obtained from embryonic day 15 mice is minced, digested with collagenase/dispase, and dispersed mechanically into a single cell suspension. PVECs are purified from cell suspension using positive selection with anti-CD-31/PECAM-1 antibody conjugated to MicroBeads using a strong magnetic separation method. Purified cells are cultured on collagen 1&#160;coated culture dishes in endothelial cell culture medium until they become confluent and further subcultured. PVECs obtained with this protocol exhibit cobblestone and spindle shaped phenotypes, as visualized by phase-contrast light microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. Purity of PVEC cultures was established with endothelial cell markers. In our hands, this method reliably and consistently yields pure populations of PVECs. This protocol will benefit studies aimed at gaining mechanistic insights into forebrain angiogenesis, understanding PVEC interactions, and cross-talks with neuronal cell types and holds tremendous potential for therapeutic angiogenesis.

This video demonstrates an easy and reliable strategy for preparation of pure cultures of endothelial cells from the embryonic forebrain within 10-12 days and will be useful for research focused on many aspects of cerebral angiogenesis.

胚前脳からの内皮細胞の単離および培養

Embryonic brain endothelial cells can serve as an important tool in the study of angiogenesis and neurovascular development and interactions. The two ...

Electrophysiological Recording in the Brain of Intact Adult Zebrafish

Previously, electrophysiological studies in adult zebrafish have been limited to slice preparations or to eye cup preparations and electrorentinogram recordings. This paper describes how an adult zebrafish can be immobilized, intubated, and used for in vivo electrophysiological experiments, allowing recording of neural activity. Immobilization of the adult requires a mechanism to deliver dissolved oxygen to the gills in lieu of buccal and opercular movement. With our technique, animals are immobilized and perfused with habitat water to fulfill this requirement. A craniotomy is performed under tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222; tricaine) anesthesia to provide access to the brain. The primary electrode is then positioned within the craniotomy window to record extracellular brain activity. Through the use of a multitube perfusion system, a variety of pharmacological compounds can be administered to the adult fish and any alterations in the neural activity can be observed. The methodology not only allows for observations to be made regarding changes in neurological activity, but it also allows for comparisons to be made between larval and adult zebrafish. This gives researchers the ability to identify the alterations in neurological activity due to the introduction of various compounds at different life stages.

This paper describes how an adult zebrafish can be immobilized, intubated, and used for in vivo electrophysiological experiments to allow recordings and manipulation of neural activity in an intact animal.

無傷アダルトゼブラフィッシュの脳における電気生理学的記録

Previously, electrophysiological studies in adult zebrafish have been limited to slice preparations or to eye cup preparations and electrorentinogram ...

Live Imaging of Mitosis in the Developing Mouse Embryonic Cortex

Although of short duration, mitosis is a complex and dynamic multi-step process fundamental for development of organs including the brain. In the developing cerebral cortex, abnormal mitosis of neural progenitors can cause defects in brain size and function. Hence, there is a critical need for tools to understand the mechanisms of neural progenitor mitosis. Cortical development in rodents is an outstanding model for studying this process. Neural progenitor mitosis is commonly examined in fixed brain sections. This protocol will describe in detail an approach for live imaging of mitosis in ex vivo embryonic brain slices. We will describe the critical steps for this procedure, which include: brain extraction, brain embedding, vibratome sectioning of brain slices, staining and culturing of slices, and time-lapse imaging. We will then demonstrate and describe in detail how to perform post-acquisition analysis of mitosis. We include representative results from this assay using the vital dye Syto11, transgenic mice (histone H2B-EGFP and centrin-EGFP), and in utero electroporation (mCherry-&#945;-tubulin). We will discuss how this procedure can be best optimized and how it can be modified for study of genetic regulation of mitosis. Live imaging of mitosis in brain slices is a flexible approach to assess the impact of age, anatomy, and genetic perturbation in a controlled environment, and to generate a large amount of data with high temporal and spatial resolution. Hence this protocol will complement existing tools for analysis of neural progenitor mitosis.

Neural progenitor mitosis is a critical parameter of neurogenesis. Much of our understanding of neural progenitor mitosis is based on analysis of fixed tissue. Live imaging in embryonic brain slices is a versatile technique to assess mitosis with high temporal and spatial resolution in a controlled environment.

発生中のマウス胚性皮質における有糸分裂のライブイメージング

Although of short duration, mitosis is a complex and dynamic multi-step process fundamental for development of organs including the brain. In the ...

Conditional Genetic Transsynaptic Tracing in the Embryonic Mouse Brain

Anatomical path tracing is of pivotal importance to decipher the relationship between brain and behavior. Unraveling the formation of neural circuits during embryonic maturation of the brain however is technically challenging because most transsynaptic tracing methods developed to date depend on stereotaxic tracer injection. To overcome this problem, we developed a binary genetic strategy for conditional genetic transsynaptic tracing in the mouse brain. Towards this end we generated two complementary knock-in mouse strains to selectively express the bidirectional transsynaptic tracer barley lectin (BL) and the retrograde transsynaptic tracer Tetanus Toxin fragment C from the ROSA26 locus after Cre-mediated recombination. Cell-specific tracer production in these mice is genetically encoded and does not depend on mechanical tracer injection. Therefore our experimental approach is suitable to study neural circuit formation in the embryonic murine brain. Furthermore, because tracer transfer across synapses depends on synaptic activity, these mouse strains can be used to analyze the communication between genetically defined neuronal populations during brain development at a single cell resolution. Here we provide a detailed protocol for transsynaptic tracing in mouse embryos using the novel recombinant ROSA26 alleles. We have utilized this experimental technique in order to delineate the neural circuitry underlying maturation of the reproductive axis in the developing female mouse brain.

Capitalizing on a binary genetic strategy we provide a detailed protocol for neural circuit tracing in mice that express complementary transsynaptic tracers after Cre-mediated recombination. Because cell-specific tracer production is genetically encoded, our experimental approach is suitable to study the formation and maturation of neural circuitry during murine embryonic brain development at a single cell resolution.

マウス胎児の脳のトレース条件付き遺伝経シナプス

Anatomical path tracing is of pivotal importance to decipher the relationship between brain and behavior. Unraveling the formation of neural circuits ...

Live Imaging of the Ependymal Cilia in the Lateral Ventricles of the Mouse Brain

Multiciliated ependymal cells line the ventricles in the adult brain. Abnormal function or structure of ependymal cilia is associated with various neurological deficits. The current ex vivo live imaging of motile ependymal cilia technique allows for a detailed study of ciliary dynamics following several steps. These steps include: mice euthanasia with carbon dioxide according to protocols of The University of Toledo&#8217;s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC); craniectomy followed by brain removal and sagittal brain dissection with a vibratome or sharp blade to obtain very thin sections through the brain lateral ventricles, where the ependymal cilia can be visualized. Incubation of the brain&#8217;s slices in a customized glass-bottom plate containing Dulbecco&#8217;s Modified Eagle&#8217;s Medium (DMEM)/High-Glucose at 37 &#176;C in the presence of 95%/5% O2/CO2 mixture is essential to keep the tissue alive during the experiment. A video of the cilia beating is then recorded using a high-resolution differential interference contrast microscope. The video is then analyzed frame by frame to calculate the ciliary beating frequency. This allows distinct classification of the ependymal cells into three categories or types based on their ciliary beating frequency and angle. Furthermore, this technique allows the use of high-speed fluorescence imaging analysis to characterize the unique intracellular calcium oscillation properties of ependymal cells as well as the effect of pharmacological agents on the calcium oscillations and the ciliary beating frequency. In addition, this technique is suitable for immunofluorescence imaging for ciliary structure and ciliary protein localization studies. This is particularly important in disease diagnosis and phenotype studies. The main limitation of the technique is attributed to the decrease in live motile cilia movement as the brain tissue starts to die.

Using high-resolution differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, an ex vivo observation of the beating of motile ependymal cilia located within the mouse brain ventricles is demonstrated by live-imaging. The technique allows a recording of the unique ciliary beating frequency and beating angle as well as their intracellular calcium oscillation pacing properties.

マウスの脳の側脳室における上衣繊毛のライブイメージング

Multiciliated ependymal cells line the ventricles in the adult brain. Abnormal function or structure of ependymal cilia is associated with various ...

Exposure of the Pig CNS for Histological Analysis: A Manual for Decapitation, Skull Opening, and Brain Removal

Pigs have become increasingly popular in large-animal translational neuroscience research as an economically and ethically feasible substitute to non-human primates. The large brain size of the pig allows the use of conventional clinical brain imagers and the direct use and testing of neurosurgical procedures and equipment from the human clinic. Further macroscopic and histological analysis, however, requires postmortem exposure of the pig central nervous system (CNS) and subsequent brain removal. This is not an easy task, as the pig CNS is encapsulated by a thick, bony skull and spinal column. The goal of this paper and instructional video is to describe how to expose and remove the postmortem pig brain and the pituitary gland in an intact state, suitable for subsequent macroscopic and histological analysis.

The goal of this paper and instructional video is to describe how to expose and remove the postmortem pig brain and pituitary gland in an intact state, suitable for subsequent macroscopic and histological analysis.

組織学的分析のための豚CNSの露出：斬首、スカルオープニングのためのマニュアル、および脳の取り外し

Pigs have become increasingly popular in large-animal translational neuroscience research as an economically and ethically feasible substitute to ...

Exploring Deep Space - Uncovering the Anatomy of Periventricular Structures to Reveal the Lateral Ventricles of the Human Brain

Anatomy students are typically provided with two-dimensional (2D) sections and images when studying cerebral ventricular anatomy and students find this challenging. Because the ventricles are negative spaces located deep within the brain, the only way to understand their anatomy is by appreciating their boundaries formed by related structures. Looking at a 2D representation of these spaces, in any of the cardinal planes, will not enable visualisation of all of the structures that form the boundaries of the ventricles. Thus, using 2D sections alone requires students to compute their own mental image of the 3D ventricular spaces. The aim of this study was to develop a reproducible method for dissecting the human brain to create an educational resource to enhance student understanding of the intricate relationships between the ventricles and periventricular structures. To achieve this, we created a video resource that features a step-by-step guide using a fiber dissection method to reveal the lateral and third ventricles together with the closely related limbic system and basal ganglia structures. One of the advantages of this method is that it enables delineation of the white matter tracts that are difficult to distinguish using other dissection techniques. This video is accompanied by a written protocol that provides a systematic description of the process to aid in the reproduction of the brain dissection. This package offers a valuable anatomy teaching resource for educators and students alike. By following these instructions educators can create teaching resources and students can be guided to produce their own brain dissection as a hands-on practical activity. We recommend that this video guide be incorporated into neuroanatomy teaching to enhance student understanding of the morphology and clinical relevance of the ventricles.

This paper demonstrates the effective use of a fiber dissection method to reveal the superficial white matter tracts and periventricular structures of the human brain, in three-dimensional space, to aid student comprehension of ventricular morphology.

人間の脳の側脳室を明らかにする脳室周囲構造の解剖学を暴く - 深宇宙の探索

Anatomy students are typically provided with two-dimensional (2D) sections and images when studying cerebral ventricular anatomy and students find this ...