Name: rna isolation from mouse pancreas: a ribonuclease-rich tissue
Uploaded: 2014-08-02T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 8 min 47 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about RNA Isolation from Mouse Pancreas: A Ribonuclease-rich Tissue at JoVE.com

我々は彼らの有益なコ​​メント、提案やそのプロトコルの共有のため建華玲、レイモンド·マクドナルド、ガルビンスウィフト、ミシェル·グリフィン、ポールGrippoとSatyanarayana Rachaganiに感謝します。この作品は、付与U01CA111294、オハイオ州立大学学内研究プログラムからのアイデア開発賞によってサポートされていました。

1。準備次のプラクティスは機関の動物実験委員会（IACUC）によって設定されたポリシーに準拠しています。 <ol><li>これは、任意の日にはもう6よりもマウスの膵臓を分離することをお勧めします。清潔でオートクレーブし、すべての手術器具、動物あたり1セットがあります。 </li><li>すべてのマイクロ遠心チューブにラベルを付けます。動物あたり4つの2 mlチューブ。 </li><li>氷上の50ml遠心管中で溶解試薬の8ミリリットルを配置します。注：精製キットは、膵臓の分離に適していますグアニジンチオシアネートフェノール試薬が付属していますが、溶解試薬があるため、分離ごとに必要な大量の使用されています。 </li><li>ホモジナイザーのブレードを洗浄するための15ml遠心チューブに以下の溶液約10mlを分注する。エタノール、70％（2本）、HPLCグレードの水（1管）とアウェイのRNaseの約200μLを含むHPLCグレードの水または同等のリボヌクレアーゼ不活性化。 </li></oL&gt; 2。手術、膵臓の解剖及び均質化<ol><li>コットンガーゼやペーパータオルを含むJARにイソフルラン1〜2mlのを配置します。マウスはイソフルランのソースに到達するのを防止するプラットフォーム上に配置されている。前各マウスを麻酔にジャーに新鮮イソフルランを追加します。 </li><li>優しくイソフルランを含むJARにマウスを置きます。 jarファイルに蓋をし、ゆっくりと前後​​に瓶を回転させることによって、麻酔の効果をモニターする。それはそれ自身で立つことができないになると動物に麻酔をかけている。 </li><li>麻酔の確認のために、ジャーから動物を削除して、しっかりと足指のピンチを適用します。マウスはつま先のピンチに反応しない場合は、2.5に進みます。 </li><li>マウスはつま先のピンチに反応する場合は、ステップ2.3に2.2を繰り返します。 </li><li>腹臥位で作業台の上に、麻酔した動物を配置します。しっかりと、マウスの子宮頸部に左手を置くことで、マウスの子宮頸部を脱臼。私達右手はマウスの尾をつかみ、素早く子宮頸部を脱臼に対して約上向きに45°の角度を引くING。 </li><li> 25ゲージの皮下注射針を使用して、平らな面に動物の四肢のそれぞれを貫通して表面（ペーパータオルで覆われた発泡スチロールのレベルピース）に死体を固定します。 </li><li>無菌手術器具を使用して、開いてすぐにマウスから膵臓を削除マウスの中央部をカット。膵臓を保持し、春のはさみを使用して、脾臓、小腸からそれをカットする鉗子を使用してください。マウスからの除去の間に膵臓を伸ばすないように注意してください。組織の破壊は、リボヌクレアーゼをリリースできた。注：マウスの​​膵臓を削除するのにかかる時間が非常に重要です。当業者は、約1分以下で膵臓を解剖することができるはずです。 </li><li>氷冷溶解試薬の8ミリリットルを含む50ミリリットルチューブに膵臓全体を置きます。チューブに蓋をし、簡単にTIを浸漬振る試薬にssue遅滞なく次のステップに進みます。組織への溶解試薬の比率が非常に重要です。溶解試薬の異なるボリュームを使用して単離されたRNAの完全性の比較の結果の項を参照してください。 </li><li> 5秒間均質化する。これは、組織が効率的な均質化のためにブレードに引き込まれることを可能にする遠心分離管の底部にホモジナイザーブレードを押圧することが重要である。 </li></ol>未消化の組織の3。取り外し注意：均質化に続いて、組織の小さなビットは溶解試薬に残ります。それはすぐに均質化し、RNAのリスク低下を介してではなく、未消化いくつかの組織を残して組織を溶解することがより重要である。 <ol><li>転送2ミリリットルの微量遠心チューブに溶解した膵臓を含む溶解試薬の2ミリリットル。アイソレーションごとホモジネートの2マイクロチューブを収集します。今後の研究のために-80℃で、残りのホモジネートまたはストアを破棄します。 </li><li>セント4℃で、未消化の組織をペレット化する5分間12,000×gでrifuge。これはおそらく、リボヌクレアーゼ（ステップ5.13）で試料を汚染するRNAのその後のソリューションに未消化の組織のキャリーオーバーな​​どの重要なステップです。 </li><li> 2ミリリットルのマイクロ遠心チューブに移す上清の1ミリリットル。すぐに分離を進め、将来の使用のために-80℃で複製チューブを格納します。次のステップに進むながら濡れた氷の上にホモジネートを含むすべてのチューブを配置します。 </li><li>適切な化学廃棄物容器に残った溶解試薬を処分。 </li></ol>ホモジナイザーブレードの4。クリーニング<ol><li>次の単離に進む前に、70％エタノール10ml中に置くことにより、ホモジナイザーをクリーニングブレード。刃に巻き込まれることがあり、組織の任意の塊を除去するために20秒程度のためのホモジナイザーをアクティブにします。 </li><li>ホモジナイザーブレードに残っている部分を除去するために200μlのピペットチップを使用してください。 </lI&gt; <li>水、一般的なRNA分解酵素を不活性化し、70％エタノールでの手順を繰り返し4.1。キムワイプクリーンでホモジナイザーシャフトを乾燥させます。 </li><li>残りの動物の膵臓の分離について、手順2.1、むしろRNAをプールとは別の各動物から単離されたRNAを保つ。 </li></ol> 5。RNAの単離次のセクションでは、精製キットプロトコルと同じです。精製キットの利点は、低分子RNAを含む全RNAを単離することである。 <ol><li>凍結したホモジネート溶液を使用した場合、5分間RTでスタンドを濡れた氷の上で解凍してみましょう。 </li><li> 200μlのクロロホルムを加え、チューブにキャップをし、15秒間、手でよく振る。チューブは2〜3分間室温で放置。 </li><li> 12,000 XG、4℃で15分間遠心</li><li>マイクロ遠心チューブに上層の水層を転送します。イソプロパノール1.5ボリュームを追加し、上下に数回ピペッティングしてよく混ぜ。 </li><li> 70まで転送する2 mlのコレクションチューブに配置されているスピンカラムへの試料液の0。室温で15秒間8000×gで蓋をし、遠心分離機を閉じます。 </li><li>フロースルーを捨てる。 </li><li>繰り返してサンプルの残りを使って、5.5から5.6を繰り返します。 </li><li>スピンカラムに700μlのBuffer RWTを追加します。 8,000 X gで15秒間遠心します。フロースルーを捨てる。 </li><li>スピンカラムにピペットで500μlのBuffer RPE。カラムを洗浄するために8000×gで15秒間遠心分離する。フロースルーを捨てる。 </li><li>スピンカラムに500μlのBuffer RPEを追加します。カラムを乾燥するために8000×gで2分間遠心分離する。 </li><li> 1.5 mlのマイクロ遠心チューブにスピンカラムを移す。直接スピンカラム·メンブレンにピペットで80μlのリボヌクレアーゼを含まない水。 RNAを溶出するために8000×gで1分間遠心分離する。 </li><li> RNA溶液に1μlのRNase阻害剤を追加します。 -80℃で保存するか、5.13に進みます。 </li><li> RNAの完全性を検証するために、最初のRNA conceを計算分光光度計を用いてntrationと吸光度比260/280。 </li><li>分子生物学グレードの水で約500 ngの/μlにRNA溶液の一部を希釈する。 </li><li>キャピラリー電気泳動分析を用いてRNA完全性（ すなわち 、RIN）を決定します。 RNA溶液約5μlを分析のために十分である。 </li><li> -80℃でRNA溶液（ 図2を参照）、店舗を分取</li></ol>

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	<li>Chen, C., Ridzon, D. A., Broomer, A. J., Zhou, Z., Lee, D. H., Nguyen, J. T., Barbisin, M., Xu, N. L., Mahuvakar, V. R., Andersen, M. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+quantification+of+microRNAs+by+stem-loop+RT-PCR.">Real-time quantification of microRNAs by stem-loop RT-PCR.</a> Nucleic Acids Res. 33, e179 (2005).</li><li>Chirgwin, J. M., Przybyla, A. E., MacDonald, R. J., Rutter, W. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+biologically+active+ribonucleic+acid+from+sources+enriched+in+ribonuclease.">Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease.</a> Biochemistry. 18, 5294-5299 (1979).</li><li>Chomczynski, P., Sacchi, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-step+method+of+RNA+isolation+by+acid+guanidinium+thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform+extraction.">Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction.</a> Anal Biochem. 162, 156-159 (1987).</li><li>Griffin, M., Abu-El-Haija, M., Abu-El-Haija, M., Rokhlina, T., Uc, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simplified+and+versatile+method+for+isolation+of+high-quality+RNA+from+pancreas.">Simplified and versatile method for isolation of high-quality RNA from pancreas.</a> Biotechniques. 52, 332-334 (2012).</li><li>Iyer, V. R., Eisen, M. B., Ross, D. T., Schuler, G., Moore, T., Lee, J. C., Trent, J. M., Staudt, L. M., Hudson Jr, J., Boguski, M. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+transcriptional+program+in+the+response+of+human+fibroblasts+to+serum.">The transcriptional program in the response of human fibroblasts to serum.</a> Science. 283, 83-87 (1999).</li><li>Lenstra, J. A., Beintema, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+amino+acid+sequence+of+mouse+pancreatic+ribonuclease.+Extremely+rapid+evolutionary+rates+of+the+myomorph+rodent+ribonucleases.">The amino acid sequence of mouse pancreatic ribonuclease. Extremely rapid evolutionary rates of the myomorph rodent ribonucleases.</a> European journal of biochemistry FEBS. 98, 399-408 (1979).</li><li>Mullin, A. E., Soukatcheva, G., Verchere, C. B., Chantler, J. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Application+of+in+situ+ductal+perfusion+to+facilitate+isolation+of+high-quality+RNA+from+mouse+pancreas.">Application of in situ ductal perfusion to facilitate isolation of high-quality RNA from mouse pancreas.</a> Biotechniques. 40, 617-621 (2006).</li><li>Rio, D. C., Ares, M., Hannon, G. J., Nilsen, T. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> RNA A Laboratory Manual. , (2011).</li><li>Streit, S., Michalski, C. W., Erkan, M., Kleeff, J., Friess, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Northern+blot+analysis+for+detection+and+quantification+of+RNA+in+pancreatic+cancer+cells+and+tissues.">Northern blot analysis for detection and quantification of RNA in pancreatic cancer cells and tissues.</a> Nat Protoc. 4, 37-43 (2009).</li><li>Zmuda, E. J., Powell, C. A., Hai, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+for+murine+islet+isolation+and+subcapsular+kidney+transplantation.">A method for murine islet isolation and subcapsular kidney transplantation.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments JoVE. , (2011).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

リボヌクレアーゼが豊富な組織からRNAを単離することは分子生物学的実験のための大きな課題を表しています。様々な試薬およびキットは、主にRNA抽出のフェノールグアニジンチオシアネート法に基づいているが市販されている。グアニジンチオシアネートは、タンパク質を変性し、このようにリボヌクレアーゼ活性を低下させる。しかし、膵臓リボヌクレアーゼの膨大な大きさは、RNA単離?...

高い整合性を持つRNAの単離は、ノーザンブロット法9、定量RT-PCRの1または5の遺伝子発現プロファイリングなどの日常的な分子生物学の実験のために必要とされている。 RNA単離の最も現代的な方法は、グアニジンチオシアネートプロトコル2、3の修正に基づいている。グアニジンチオシアネートは、強力なタンパク質変性剤であり、効果的に、最も条件の下でリボヌクレアーゼの活性を破壊します。をChomczynskiおよびSacchi 3の一般的な方法は、約4時間までの単離時間を短縮する、チオシアン酸グアニジン溶解溶液にフェノールを組み合わせる。多くの市販のRNA抽出試薬をChomczynskiおよびSacchi法3に基づいている。 例えば、ヒトやマウスの膵臓リボヌクレアーゼ多い組織は、RNAを分離するための新たな課題が発生します。マウスの膵臓は、そのうちのいくつかは、ドゥリンリリースされるリボヌクレアーゼ6の75ミリグラムを含有することができるg組織の自己消化、その結果膵臓組織の破壊。グアニジンチオシアプロトコルの改変に成功し、高い完全性2、4、7、10の膵臓からRNAを単離するために使用されてきた。RNA安定化試薬の注入マウスの膵臓中へ、高い整合性4、7、10の一方注入をRNAの単離を容易に膵臓へのソリューションは素晴らしいスキルを必要とし、このような解剖顕微鏡などの特殊な機器を必要とし、処置の間に組織構造を崩壊させることは、細胞溶解の原因となります。 RNA安定化試薬を用いて組織を灌流すると、タンパク質の単離と組織染色など、他のアプリケーションに干渉することがあります。さらに、この技術は、ヒト膵臓からRNAを単離するには適していない。他のプロトコルは、研究者2による特定の溶液の調製を必要とする。 我々は、マウスの膵臓からの高い整合性RNAを単離するためのプロトコルを報告する。目Eプロトコルは、以前に発表された方法の要素を使用しており、大部分は、標準的なフェノール/グアニジンチオシアネート·ベースの溶解試薬プロトコルに基づいています。これは、専門の溶液の調製を必要とせず、また膵臓に試薬の注入を必要としません。成功したRNAの単離のための重要なステップは、未消化組織の除去は、得られたRNA溶液にリボヌクレアーゼ阻害剤の分離および包含を位相の前に、組織比に高いフェノール/グアニジン系、溶解試薬を含む。これらおよび他の変更を使用して、我々は、典型的には、7より大きいルーチン遺伝子発現解析に用いるRINでRNAを単離する。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Power Gen 500&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>14-261-03&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Homogenizer</td></tr><tr><td>5424R</td><td>Eppendorf</td><td></td><td>Refrigerated microcentifuge</td></tr><tr><td>Trizol reagent</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>15596018</td><td>Lysis reagent</td></tr><tr><td>Student Vannas spring scissors</td><td>Fisher</td><td>91500-09&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Use to cut pancreas from attached tissues</td></tr><tr><td>Surgical scissors, 6 inch</td><td>Fisher</td><td>08-951-20</td><td>Use to cut scin of mouse</td></tr><tr><td>Blunt end forceps</td><td>Fisher</td><td>1381239</td><td>Use to hold pancreas while dissecting</td></tr><tr><td>Isoflurane USP</td><td>Abbott Labs</td><td>4/8/5210</td><td>Anesthetic</td></tr><tr><td>Rnase out (40 U/&amp;micro;l)</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>10777-019</td><td>Rnase inhbitor</td></tr><tr><td>Rnase Away</td><td>Ambion</td><td>10328-011</td><td>General Rnase inactivator</td></tr><tr><td>HPLC grade water</td><td>Fisher</td><td>W5-4</td><td>For washing homogenizer blades</td></tr><tr><td>Molecular biology grade water</td><td>Hyclone</td><td>SH30538.03</td><td>Elution of RNA</td></tr><tr><td>miRNeasy Mini kit</td><td>Qiagen</td><td>217004</td><td>Purification Kit</td></tr><tr><td>2 ml microcentrifuge tubes, certified Rnase Dnase free</td><td>USA Scientific Plastics</td><td>1620-2700</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15 ml centrifuge tubes</td><td>Falcon</td><td>352099</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>70% ethanol</td><td>Fisher</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>100% ethanol</td><td>Fisher</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>200 &amp;micro;l pipet tips</td><td>Rainin</td><td>GPL200F</td><td>For cleaning homogenizer blades</td></tr><tr><td>Chloroform</td><td>Fisher</td><td>BP1145-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nanodrop</td><td>Thermo</td><td>ND-1000</td><td>Spectrophotometer</td></tr><tr><td>Bioanalyzer</td><td>Agilent</td><td></td><td>Capillary electrophoresis analyzer to measue RNA integrity</td></tr><tr><td>RNAlater</td><td>Ambion</td><td></td><td>RNA Stabilization Reagent&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>RNeasy&amp;nbsp;spin columns&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Qiagen</td><td></td><td>Spin columns&amp;nbsp;as a part of the miRNeasy Mini kit</td></tr><tr><td>Mice</td><td>Chales River</td><td>Strain C57BL/6</td><td>Their age ranged from 4 to 12 months.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Mice&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Jackson Lab</td><td>strain 129</td><td>Their age ranged from 4 to 12 months.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table>

rna isolation from mouse pancreas: a ribonuclease-rich tissue

Isolation of high-quality RNA from ribonuclease-rich tissue such as mouse pancreas presents a challenge. As a primary function of the pancreas is to aid in digestion, mouse pancreas may contain as much a 75 mg of ribonuclease. We report modifications of standard phenol/guanidine thiocyanate lysis reagent protocols to isolate RNA from mouse pancreas. Guanidine thiocyanate is a strong protein denaturant and will effectively disrupt the activity of ribonuclease under most conditions. However, critical modifications to standard protocols are necessary to successfully isolate RNA from ribonuclease-rich tissues. Key steps include a high lysis reagent to tissue ratio, removal of undigested tissue prior to phase separation and inclusion of a ribonuclease inhibitor to the RNA solution. Using these and other modifications, we routinely isolate RNA with RNA Integrity Number (RIN) greater than 7. The isolated RNA is of suitable quality for routine gene expression analysis. Adaptation of this protocol to isolate RNA from ribonuclease rich tissues besides the pancreas should be readily achievable.

溶解ホモジネートの1ミリリットルからの全RNAの収量は20〜40μgのです。 OD 280分の260の比率は、典型的には約2.0であり、RINは7.0よりも一貫して大きい。 RINは6≤されている場合は、アイソレーションが繰り返される必要があります。時々、8.0より高いRINが達成される。 前膵臓の除去にマウスを安楽死させる2つの最も一般的に使用されている方法は、CO 2窒息または?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about RNA Isolation from Mouse Pancreas: A Ribonuclease-rich Tissue at JoVE.com

RNA Isolation from Mouse Pancreas: A Ribonuclease-rich Tissue

We report a procedure to isolate RNA with high integrity from the ribonuclease rich mouse pancreas.

マウス膵臓からのRNAの単離：リボヌクレアーゼが豊富な組織

Isolation of high-quality RNA from ribonuclease-rich tissue such as mouse pancreas presents a challenge.  As a primary function of the pancreas is to aid ...

rna-isolation-from-mouse-pancreas-a-ribonuclease-rich-tissue

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JoVE Journal

Biology

27.5K ビュー.  The Ohio State University. We report a procedure to isolate RNA with high integrity from the ribonuclease rich mouse pancreas.

ビデオ: RNA Isolation from Mouse Pancreas: A Ribonuclease-rich Tissue

Murine Pancreatic Islet Isolation

Hi, I am Greg Zott. I'm with the UCSF Diabetes Center in the Bluestone Laboratory, and today I'm gonna show you the process for isolating mouse eyelets. The procedure involves the injection of a collagenase solution into the pancreas of a C3 H donor mouse, where we will then remove that pancreas, digest it away, purify the eyelets on a fial gradient, and then handpick them for ultimate transplant into the kidney capsule of a diabetic NOD mouse, Which will be our recipient.Before we start this procedure, we diluted our ATE solution in a modified Hanks buffer and we have adjusted the concentration specific for the strain of mouse that we're using the C3 H.We found digests better at a 0.8 mgs per mil collagenase solution, and we will use that to inject into the common bile duct to distend the pancreas.Performing. The procedure today Will be Pavo codre of the diabetes center. He will inject, open up the mouse, expose the the intestines, and then inject into the common bile duct.We will spray down the mouse with ethanol to keep the hair down, and then we will also verify that the mouse has been sacrificed properly with a toe pinch. Pavo will now open up the mouse and exposing the intestine and the pancreas with a midline incision. The diaphragm will also be cut to verify that the mouse will be sacrificed.Before we get started, I'd like to point out some of the important structures. The stomach is lying right here with the pancreas attached underneath into the duodenum and above. This is the liver where we'll find the gallbladder and the common bile duct, which you can see right here.So what Pavo will do next is he will isolate the small intestine, find where the common bile duct enters the small intestine. Once the intestine is exposed, we clamp on either side of the common bile duct with mosquito clamps. We find that this allows more collagenates to enter the pancreas while other groups try to direct the clamp on top of the common bile duct.We find that this is a better technique in allowing enzyme to enter the pancreas. This is a gentle procedure. You don't want to tear the bowel.You wanna allow the clamps to lie gently on either side of the common bile duct. Now we will find a gallbladder, and once the gallbladder's exposed, we will use that as a guide to injecting the collagenase into the common bile duct. Powell's using a 30 gauge needle with a five cc syringe containing three mills of collagenase solution.As he's entering the common bile duct, he's distending that duct with collagenase solution and then he travels down the common bile duct till he reaches near the intestine. And as he's going down, the enzyme solutions being pumped into the injected into the pancreas. Now that the pancreas is inflated with collagenase solution, Powell's gonna remove the hemostats and then remove the pancreas from the the mouse carefully tearing it away from the intestine.He removes it from the stomach. Okay, and then using the spleen as a handle, he lifts up the pancreas and then slowly snips it away in the common bile duct, and that's it. Pancreas is laid out and then the spleen is removed, and there he's removing the meso enteric tissue, and then the pancreas is placed in a two mill collagenase solution and a sterilized glass vial and it's placed back on Ice.The isolated pancreas that we put into the glass vials will now be placed into a 37 degree water bath for approximately 17 minutes. We placed them into a 50 mil conical rack so that they don't float up. Once during the bath, the timer starts and the digestion begins.Once the digestion time is completed, vials are removed, and then they are shaken and disrupted gently. And once the tissue starts falling apart, the vial is then placed on ice. A sterile screen is placed over a 400 mil beaker that contains washing buffer.The pancreas digest is then carefully poured over the screen into the wash buffer. For demonstration purposes, the hood has been turned off and the glass of the hood has been raised so we could see what we're doing. Once the pancreas digest is poured into the beaker, the vials are rinsed with the same washing buffer and the wash buffer placed over the screen.We have a syringe filled with washing buffer. We will use that to forcefully wash the tissue through the screen. The idea is to release any loose eyelets that are unattached to the matrix, but leaving the membranes and the undigested tissue on the screen.And when you're finished washing a tissue, this is what you usually See at the end of the procedure. The Pancreas tissue that's in the bottom of the tube will now be transferred to two 50 mil conical, and the tissue will be washed, the tissue's mixed evenly, and then distributed evenly so that we have a equal pellet volume in each tube. The beaker is now rinsed with more washing buffer.The sides are rinse so that you get all tissue that is entered the beaker again. Then it's equally distributed between each two, both 50 mil. Conical then are topped off with wash buffer.The tissue is inverted several times and then placed into a centrifuge. This is a quick spin. The centrifuge is allowed to reach a thousand RPM and then is turned off.The tissue at this time is very S eyelets are very sensitive, and you don't want to over compact them. The tubes are removed and we will do this wash step three more times. This is the end of the third wash.The components of the 50 mil conical tube are transferred to the 15 conical tube and centrifuge for a thousand RP M and then stopped. The supernat will be removed and the first part of the FI Call will be started. We are at the step where we Have our pelleted di pancreas digest.We'll resuspend that tissue so it's nice and loose to the pellets. We'll add the first density gradient, which is 1 1 0 8. We'll add five mils to each tube.The pellet is then mixed thoroughly in each of the gradients. It's important that you get good tissue distribution in your heaviest gradient. Now we will layer two mils of 1 0 9 6 density.We will then on top of that, layer two mils of 1 0 6 9 density, and then on top of that 1 0 3 7 density. It's important while you're layering the densities that you don't mix. Then all the layers have been added to the tube.And you can see this is the top of 1 1 0 8, the top of 9 1 0 9 6, the top of 1 0 6 9 and the top of 1 0 3 7. And you could see the tissue is already starting to move to its proper density even without centri fusion. The fial gradients are brought up to speed at 1800 RPM for 15 minutes, and remember to keep the brake off after the tubes are removed from the centrifuge.You can see between the 0 0 9 6 and 0 0 7 layer, there's a nice band of eyelet tissue Pablo's. Now removing the 0 3 7 layer to remove any tissue debris and DNA that might have been released during the processing. Using a sterile plastic pasture pipette, he will now remove the islet layer and transfer them to a 50 mil conical containing 25 mils of wash buffer.You want do this step quickly because fol is toxic to eyelets. We actually removed the entire 0 6 9 and 0 9 6 layer. Pavo cuts the top of the plastic pasture pipette and rinses it with wash buffer.The eyelets are then centrifuge like we centrifuge previously. Centrifuge is brought up to a Thousand RPM and then we stop it and We aspirate off. The supernatant eyelets will be washed three times with wash media.So we just completed the eyelid Isolation process we took from the digest to the fol gradient to the purified eyelets after our third wash with wash buffer, we resuspended the eyelets in our RPMI media and we played it in a tissue culture plate. These eyelets are now ready for in vitro assays or in vivo preps like eyelet Transplant.

マウス膵島単離

生物学

In Vitro Colony Assays for Characterizing Tri-potent Progenitor Cells Isolated from the Adult Murine Pancreas

Stem and progenitor cells from the adult pancreas could be a potential source of therapeutic beta-like cells for treating patients with type 1 diabetes. However, it is still unknown whether stem and progenitor cells exist in the adult pancreas. Research strategies using cre-lox lineage-tracing in adult mice have yielded results that either support or refute the idea that beta cells can be generated from the ducts, the presumed location where adult pancreatic progenitors may reside. These in vivo cre-lox lineage-tracing methods, however, cannot answer the questions of self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation-two criteria necessary to define a stem cell. To begin addressing this technical gap, we devised 3-dimensional colony assays for pancreatic progenitors. Soon after our initial publication, other laboratories independently developed a similar, but not identical, method called the organoid assay. Compared to the organoid assay, our method employs methylcellulose, which forms viscous solutions that allow the inclusion of extracellular matrix proteins at low concentrations. The methylcellulose-containing assays permit easier detection and analyses of progenitor cells at the single-cell level, which are critical when progenitors constitute a small sub-population, as is the case for many adult organ stem cells. Together, results from several laboratories demonstrate in vitro self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation of pancreatic progenitor-like cells from mice. The current protocols describe two methylcellulose-based colony assays to characterize mouse pancreatic progenitors; one contains a commercial preparation of murine extracellular matrix proteins and the other an artificial extracellular matrix protein known as a laminin hydrogel. The techniques shown here are 1) dissociation of the pancreas and sorting of CD133+Sox9/EGFP+ ductal cells from adult mice, 2) single cell manipulation of the sorted cells, 3) single colony analyses using microfluidic qRT-PCR and whole-mount immunostaining, and 4) dissociation of primary colonies into single-cell suspensions and re-plating into secondary colony assays to assess self-renewal or differentiation.

In Vitro Colony Assays for Characterizing Tri-potent Progenitor Cells Isolated from the Adult Murine Pancreas

In vitro colony assays to detect self-renewal and differentiation of progenitor cells isolated from adult murine pancreas are devised. In these assays, pancreatic progenitors give rise to cell colonies in 3-dimensional space in methylcellulose-containing semi-solid medium. Protocols for handling single cells and characterization of individual colonies are described.

インビトロコロニーアッセイでトライ強力な前駆細胞を特徴付けるための大人のマウスの膵臓から分離されました

Stem and progenitor cells from the adult pancreas could be a potential source of therapeutic beta-like cells for treating patients with type 1 diabetes. ...

発生生物学

Effective Isolation of Functional Islets from Neonatal Mouse Pancreas

Perfusion-based islet-isolation protocols from large mammalian pancreata are well established. Such protocols are readily conducted in many laboratories due to the large size of the pancreatic duct that allows for ready collagenase injection and subsequent tissue perfusion. In contrast, islet isolation from small pancreata, like that of neonatal mice, is challenging because perfusion is not readily achievable in the small pancreata. Here we describe a detailed simple procedure that recovers substantial numbers of islets from newly born mice with visual assistance. Freshly dissected whole pancreata were digested with 0.5 mg/mL collagenase IV dissolved in Hanks&#39; Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) at 37 &#176;C, in microcentrifuge tubes. Tubes were tapped regularly to aid tissue dispersal. When most of the tissue was dispersed to small clusters around 1 mm, lysates were washed three to four times with culture media with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Islet clusters, devoid of recognizable acinar tissues, can then be recovered under dissecting stereoscope. This method recovers 20 - 80 small- to large-sized islets per pancreas of newly born mouse. These islets are suitable for most conceivable downstream assays, including insulin secretion, gene expression, and culture. An example of insulin secretion assay is presented to validate the isolation process. The genetic background and degree of digestion are the largest factors determining the yield. Freshly made collagenase solution with high activity is preferred, as it aids in endocrine-exocrine isolation. The presence of cations [calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+)] in all solutions and fetal bovine serum in the wash/picking media are necessary for good yield of islets with proper integrity. A dissecting scope with good contrast and magnification will also help.

We describe a protocol herein for isolating intact islets from neonatal mice. Pancreata were partially digested with collagenase, followed by washing and hand picking. 20 - 80 islet clusters can be obtained per pancreas from newly born mice, which are suitable for several islet studies.

新生児マウスの膵臓からの機能性膵島の効果的な分離

Perfusion-based islet-isolation protocols from large mammalian pancreata are well established. Such protocols are readily conducted in many laboratories ...

Single-cell RNA Sequencing and Analysis of Human Pancreatic Islets

Pancreatic islets comprise of endocrine cells with distinctive hormone expression patterns. The endocrine cells show functional differences in response to normal and pathological conditions. The goal of this protocol is to generate high-quality, large-scale transcriptome data of each endocrine cell type with the use of a droplet-based microfluidic single-cell RNA sequencing technology. Such data can be utilized to build the gene expression profile of each endocrine cell type in normal or specific conditions. The process requires careful handling, accurate measurement, and rigorous quality control. In this protocol, we describe detailed steps for human pancreatic islets dissociation, sequencing, and data analysis. The representative results of about 20,000 human single islet cells demonstrate the successful application of the protocol.

Here, we present a protocol to generate high-quality, large-scale transcriptome data of single cells from isolated human pancreatic islets using a droplet-based microfluidic single-cell RNA sequencing technology.

ヒト膵島の単一細胞RNAシーケンシングと解析

Pancreatic islets comprise of endocrine cells with distinctive hormone expression patterns. The endocrine cells show functional differences in response to ...

遺伝学

Rapid and Cost-Effective RNA Extraction of Rat Pancreatic Tissue

Regardless of the extraction method, optimized RNA extraction of tissues and cell lines are carried out in four stages: 1) homogenization, 2) effective denaturation of proteins from RNA, 3) ribonuclease inactivation, and 4) removal of contamination from DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates. However, it is very laborious to maintain the integrity of RNA when there are high levels of RNase in the tissue. Spontaneous autolysis makes it very difficult to extract RNA from pancreatic tissue without damaging it. Thus, a practical RNA extraction method is needed to maintain the integrity of pancreatic tissues during the extraction process. An experimental and comparative study of existing protocols was carried out by obtaining 20-30 mg of rat pancreatic tissues in less than 2 minutes and extracting the RNA. The results were assessed by electrophoresis. The experiments were carried out three times for generalization of the results. Immersing pancreatic tissue in RNA stabilization reagent at -80 &#176;C for 24 h yielded high integrity RNA, when the RNA extraction reagent was used as the reagent. The results obtained were comparable to the results obtained from commercial kits with spin column bindings.

The purity and integrity of the isolated RNA is a vital step in RNA dependent assays. Here, we present a practical, rapid, and inexpensive method to extract RNA from a small quantity of undamaged pancreatic tissue.

ラット膵臓組織の迅速かつ費用対効果の高いRNA抽出

Regardless of the extraction method, optimized RNA extraction of tissues and cell lines are carried out in four stages: 1) homogenization, 2) effective ...

生化学

Single-cell Transcriptomic Analyses of Mouse Pancreatic Endocrine Cells

Pancreatic endocrine cells, which are clustered in islets, regulate blood glucose stability and energy metabolism. The distinct cell types in islets, including insulin-secreting &#946; cells, are differentiated from common endocrine progenitors during the embryonic stage. Immature endocrine cells expand via cell proliferation and mature during a long postnatal developmental period. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes are not clearly defined. Single-cell RNA-sequencing is a promising approach for the characterization of distinct cell populations and tracing cell lineage differentiation pathways. Here, we describe a method for the single-cell RNA-sequencing of isolated pancreatic &#946; cells from embryonic, neonatal and postnatal pancreases.

We describe a method for the isolation of endocrine cells from embryonic, neonatal and postnatal pancreases followed by single-cell RNA sequencing. This method allows analyses of pancreatic endocrine lineage development, cell heterogeneity and transcriptomic dynamics.

マウス膵臓内分泌細胞の単一細胞トランスクリプトーム解析

Pancreatic endocrine cells, which are clustered in islets, regulate blood glucose stability and energy metabolism. The distinct cell types in islets, ...

Mouse Islet of Langerhans Isolation using a Combination of Purified Collagenase and Neutral Protease

The interrogation of beta cell gene expression and function in vitro has squarely shifted over the years from the study of rodent tumorigenic cell lines to the study of isolated rodent islets. Primary islets offer the distinct advantage that they more faithfully reflect the biology of intracellular signaling pathways and secretory responses. Whereas the method of islet isolation using tissue dissociating enzyme (TDE) preparations has been well established in many laboratories1-4, variations in the consistency of islet yield and quality from any given rodent strain limit the extent and feasibility of primary islet studies. These variations often occur as a result of the crude partially purified TDEs used in the islet isolation procedure; TDEs frequently exhibit lot-to-lot variations in activity and often require adjustments to the dose of enzyme used. A small number of reports have used purified TDEs for rodent cell isolations5, 6, but the practice is not widespread despite the routine use and advantages of purified TDEs for human islet isolations. In collaboration with VitaCyte, LLC (Indianapolis, IN), we developed a modified mouse islet isolation protocol based on that described by Gotoh7, 8, in which the TDEs are perfused directly into the pancreatic duct of mice, followed by crude tissue fractionation through a Histopaque gradient9, and isolation of purified islets. A significant difference in our protocol is the use of purified collagenase (CIzyme MA) and neutral protease (CIzyme BP) combination. The collagenase was characterized by the use of a6 fluorescence collagen degrading activity (CDA) assay that utilized fluorescently labeled soluble calf skin fibrils as substrate6. This substrate is more predictive of the kinetics of collagen degradation in the tissue matrix because it relies on native collagen as the substrate. The protease was characterized with a sensitive fluorescent kinetic assay10. Utilizing these improved assays along with more traditional biochemical analysis enable the TDE to be manufactured more consistently, leading to improved performance consistency between lots. The protocol described in here was optimized for maximal islet yield and optimal islet morphology using C57BL/6 mice. During the development of this protocol, several combinations of collagenase and neutral proteases were evaluated at different concentrations, and the final ratio of collagenase:neutral protease of 35:10 represents enzyme performance comparable to Sigma Type XI. Because significant variability in average islet yields from different strains of rats and mice have been reported, additional modifications of the TDE composition should be made to improve the yield and quality of islets recovered from different species and strains.

A detailed description of mouse islet isolation is described using the technique of in situ pancreatic ductal cannulation and perfusion of a combination of purified collagenase and neutral protease.

コラゲナーゼと中性プロテアーゼの精製の組合せを用いて単離ランゲルハンスマウスの膵島

The interrogation of beta cell gene expression and function in vitro has squarely shifted over the years from the study of rodent tumorigenic cell lines ...

A Simple High Efficiency Protocol for Pancreatic Islet Isolation from Mice

Pancreatic islets, also called the Islets of Langerhans, are a cluster of endocrine cells which produces hormones for glucose regulation and other important biological functions. The islets primarily consist of five types of hormone-secreting cells: &#945; cells secrete glucagon, &#946; cells secrete insulin, &#948; cells secrete somatostatin, &#949; cells secrete ghrelin, and PP cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide. Sixty to 80% of the cells in the islets are &#946; cells, which are the most important cell population to study insulin secretion. Pancreatic islets are a crucial model system to study ex vivo insulin secretion. Acquiring high quality islets is of great importance for diabetes research. Most islet isolation procedures require technically difficult to access site of collagenase injection, harsh and complex digestion procedures, and multiple density gradient purification steps. This paper features a simple high yield mouse islet isolation method with detailed descriptions and realistic demonstrations, showing the following specific steps: 1) injection of collagenase P at the ampulla of Vater, a small area joining the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct, 2) enzymatic digestion and mechanical separation of the exocrine pancreas, and 3) a single gradient purification step. The advantages of this method are the injection of digestive enzyme using the more accessible ampulla of Vater, more complete digestion using combination of enzymatic and mechanical approaches, and a simpler single gradient purification step. This protocol produces approximately 250&#8212;350 islets per mouse; and islets are suitable for various ex vivo studies. Possible caveats of this procedure are potentially damaged islets due to enzymatic digestion and/or prolonged gradient incubation, all of which can be largely avoided by careful ad justification of incubation time.

This islet isolation protocol described a novel route of collagenase injection to digest the exocrine tissue and a simplified gradient procedure to purify the islets from mice. It involves enzymatic digestion, gradient separation/purification, and islet hand-picking. Successful isolation can yield 250&#8211;350 high quality and fully functional islets per mouse.

マウスからの膵島分離のための簡単な高効率プロトコル

Pancreatic islets, also called the Islets of Langerhans, are a cluster of endocrine cells which produces hormones for glucose regulation and other ...

Cell Type-specific Gene Expression Profiling in the Mouse Liver

Liver repopulation after injury is a crucial feature of mammals which prevents immediate organ failure and death after exposure of environmental toxins. A deeper understanding of the changes in gene expression that occur during repopulation could help identify therapeutic targets to promote the restoration of liver function in the setting of injuries. Nonetheless, methods to isolate specifically the repopulating hepatocytes are inhibited by a lack of cell markers, limited cell numbers, and the fragility of these cells. The development of translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) technology in conjunction with the Fah-/- mouse model to recapitulate repopulation in the setting of liver injury allows gene expression profiling of the repopulating hepatocytes. With TRAP, cell type-specific translating mRNA is rapidly and efficiently isolated. We developed a method that utilizes TRAP with affinity-based isolation of translating mRNA from hepatocytes that selectively express the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged ribosomal protein (RP), GFP:RPL10A. TRAP circumvents the long time period required for fluorescence-activated cell sorting that could change the gene expression profile. Furthermore, since only the repopulating hepatocytes express the GFP:RPL10A fusion protein, the isolated mRNA is devoid of contamination from the surrounding injured hepatocytes and other cell types in the liver. The affinity-purified mRNA is of high quality and allows downstream PCR- or high-throughput sequencing-based analysis of gene expression.

Translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) enables rapid and efficient isolation of cell type-specific translating mRNA. Here, we demonstrate a method that combines hydrodynamic tail-vein injection in a mouse model of liver repopulation and TRAP to examine the expression profile of repopulating hepatocytes.

マウス肝臓における細胞型特異的遺伝子発現プロファイリング

Liver repopulation after injury is a crucial feature of mammals which prevents immediate organ failure and death after exposure of environmental toxins. A ...

Nuclei Isolation from Adult Mouse Kidney for Single-Nucleus RNA-Sequencing

The kidneys regulate diverse biological processes such as water, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis. Physiological functions of the kidney are executed by multiple cell types arranged in a complex architecture across the corticomedullary axis of the organ. Recent advances in single-cell transcriptomics have accelerated the understanding of cell type-specific gene expression in renal physiology and disease. However, enzyme-based tissue dissociation protocols, which are frequently utilized for single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), require mostly fresh (non-archived) tissue, introduce transcriptional stress responses, and favor the selection of abundant cell types of the kidney cortex resulting in an underrepresentation of cells of the medulla.
Here, we present a protocol that avoids these problems. The protocol is based on nuclei isolation at 4 &#176;C from frozen kidney tissue. Nuclei are isolated from a central piece of the mouse kidney comprised of the cortex, outer medulla, and inner medulla. This reduces the overrepresentation of cortical cells typical for whole-kidney samples for the benefit of medullary cells such that data will represent the entire corticomedullary axis at sufficient abundance. The protocol is simple, rapid, and adaptable and provides a step towards the standardization of single-nuclei transcriptomics in kidney research.

Here, we present a protocol to isolate high-quality nuclei from frozen mouse kidneys that improve the representation of medullary kidney cell types and avoids the gene expression artifacts from enzymatic tissue dissociation.