이 작품은 RO1 DK064938 (TH)를 지원합니다.

<ol>
	<li>Shapiro, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Islet+transplantation+in+seven+patients+with+type+1+diabetes+mellitus+using+a+glucocorticoid-free+immunosuppressive+regimen.">Islet transplantation in seven patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus using a glucocorticoid-free immunosuppressive regimen.</a> N Engl J Med. 343, 230-238 (2000).</li><li>Weir, G. C., Bonner-Weir, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Islet+transplantation+as+a+treatment+for+diabetes.">Islet transplantation as a treatment for diabetes.</a> J Am Optom Assoc. 69, 727-732 (1998).</li><li>Gangemi, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Islet+transplantation+for+brittle+type+1+diabetes:+the+UIC+protocol.">Islet transplantation for brittle type 1 diabetes: the UIC protocol.</a> Am J Transplant. 8, 10-1111 (2008).</li><li>Zmuda, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deficiency+of+ATF3,+an+adaptive-response+gene,+protects+islets+and+ameliorates+inflammation+in+a+syngenic+transplantation+model.">Deficiency of ATF3, an adaptive-response gene, protects islets and ameliorates inflammation in a syngenic transplantation model.</a> Diabetologia. , (2010).</li><li>Bottino, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Response+of+Human+Islets+to+Isolation+Stress+and+the+Effect+of+Antioxidant+Treatment.">Response of Human Islets to Isolation Stress and the Effect of Antioxidant Treatment.</a> Diabetes. 53, 2559-2568 (2004).</li><li>Markmann, J. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+islet+cell+culture+in+vitro+at+24+degrees+C+on+graft+survival+and+MHC+antigen+expression.">The effect of islet cell culture in vitro at 24 degrees C on graft survival and MHC antigen expression.</a> Transplantation. 49, 272-277 (1990).</li><li>Terasaka, R., Lacy, P. E., Hauptfeld, V., Bucy, R. P., Davie, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+cyclosporin-A,+low-temperature+culture,+and+anti-Ia+antibodies+on+prevention+of+rejection+of+rat+islet+allografts.">The effect of cyclosporin-A, low-temperature culture, and anti-Ia antibodies on prevention of rejection of rat islet allografts.</a> Diabetes. 35, 83-88 (1986).</li><li>Ricordi, C., Lacy, P. E., Sterbenz, K., Davie, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low-temperature+culture+of+human+islets+or+in+vivo+treatment+with+L3T4+antibody+produces+a+marked+prolongation+of+islet+human-to-mouse+xenograft+survival.">Low-temperature culture of human islets or in vivo treatment with L3T4 antibody produces a marked prolongation of islet human-to-mouse xenograft survival.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 84, 8080-8084 (1987).</li><li>Schnedl, W. J., Ferber, S., Johnson, J. H., Newgard, C. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=STZ+transport+and+cytotoxicity.+Specific+enhancement+in+GLUT2-expressing+cells.">STZ transport and cytotoxicity. Specific enhancement in GLUT2-expressing cells.</a> Diabetes. 43, 1326-1333 (1994).</li><li>Eckhard, M., Brandhorst, D., Brandhorst, H., Brendel, M. D., Bretzel, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+in+osmolality+and+range+of+density+of+a+continuous+ficoll-sodium-diatrizoate+gradient+for+isopycnic+purification+of+isolated+human+islets.">Optimization in osmolality and range of density of a continuous ficoll-sodium-diatrizoate gradient for isopycnic purification of isolated human islets.</a> Transplantation Proceedings. 36, 2849-2854 (2004).</li><li>Gores, P. F., Rabe, F., Sutherland, D. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prolonged+survival+of+intraportal+versus+subrenal+capsular+transplanted+islet+allografts.">Prolonged survival of intraportal versus subrenal capsular transplanted islet allografts.</a> Transplantation. 43, 747-749 (1987).</li><li>Nasr, I. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Testicular+Immune+Privilege+Promotes+Transplantation+Tolerance+by+Altering+the+Balance+between+Memory+and+Regulatory+T+Cells.">Testicular Immune Privilege Promotes Transplantation Tolerance by Altering the Balance between Memory and Regulatory T Cells.</a> J Immunol. 174, 6161-6168 (2005).</li><li>Merani, S., Toso, C., Emamaullee, J., Shapiro, A. M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimal+implantation+site+for+pancreatic+islet+transplantation.">Optimal implantation site for pancreatic islet transplantation.</a> British Journal of Surgery. 95, 1449-1461 (2008).</li><li>Inoue, M., Maeno, T., Hatchell, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Survival+of+allografted+pancreatic+islets+in+the+subretinal+space+in+rats.">Survival of allografted pancreatic islets in the subretinal space in rats.</a> Ophthalmic Res. 35, 48-53 (2003).</li></ol>

관심 없음 충돌 선언하지 않습니다.

위의 섹션에서, 우리는 마우스 췌장 아일 레츠를 분리하고 이식에 대한 자세한 단계를 설명했다. 여기서는 간략하게 절차의 성공을 위해 중요 단계를 강조 표시합니다. 1. 아일릿 절연 주요 단계는 37 후 일반적인 담즙 덕트 (2.3), 췌장의 힘차게 흔드는 걸 cannulating, 일반적인 담즙 덕트 (2.2.3)의 십이지장 개방을 통해 hemostat 클램프를 위치, 최적의 효소 소화 시간 (1.4) 식별 ° C 다이제스트 (3.2) 및 exocrine 세포 오염 (3.3.7 및 3.3.16)의 제거. 이 단계 아일 레츠의 품질, 수율과 순도에 극적인 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다. 아마 가장 기술적으로 어려운 단계는 일반적인 담즙 덕트의 cannulation입니다. 많은 생쥐에서 일반적인 담즙 덕트는 주변 근막에 의한 시각화하기 어려울 수 있습니다. 따라서, 그것은 시도는 근막 조직의 침투에있는 일반적인 담즙 덕트 결과를 cannulate에게 일반적입니다. 이러한 경우에는 Liberase는 주위 결합 조직을 채우기 시작과 췌장을 perfuse하지 않습니다. 이것이 관찰되면, Liberase의 흐름을 중지하고 담즙 덕트의 루멘으로 침투되도록 바늘을 조정. 연습을 통해 빨리 바늘 배치를위한 최적의 위치를​​ 파악하고 분쇄​​가 용이한 덕트를 손상하지 않고 cannulation을 완료 할 수 있습니다. 2. 아일릿 이식 중요한 단계는 당뇨병 (5.1)의 STZ 유도 및 subcapsular 파우치 (5.3.14-5.3.16)에 아일 레츠의 효율적인 전달됩니다. STZ은 인슐린 secreting 세포 아일 레츠 9 β - 세포에 선택적으로 독성 자연스럽게 발생 포도당 아날로그입니다. 그러나,이 선택적 독성은 상대적으로 좁은 농도 범위에서 발생합니다. 이것은 STZ의 다량으로 복용는 고혈당증의 부재에서 급속한 (2-3 일) 파괴 장면을 보여 주죠 초래할 수있다는 사실에 의해 입증됩니다. 따라서, 어떠한 대규모의 실험이 시작되기 전에 사용중인 마우스의 변형과 시대에 STZ 최적의 복용량을 식별할주의 주의해야한다. subcapsular 주머니에 아일 레츠의 실제 배달도 중요한 단계입니다. 일관된 결과를 달성하기 위해, 그것은 그들의 배달하는 동안 아일 레츠의 손실을 최소화하기 위해 필수적입니다. 주입 부피가 너무 큰 경우이 결함이나 주머니를 덮고있는 신장 캡슐에 눈물이 있거나 경우에 발생할 수 있습니다. 캡슐을 손상하고, subcapsular 주머니를 준비하는 부드러운 유리 프로브를 사용하여 온화하고 신중 조작에 의해 피할 수 있습니다. 또한, 사출 볼륨이 단계 5.3.6.3에서 뜨는주의 제거와 최소화할 수 있습니다. 뜨는이 sedimented 아일 레츠의 수준까지 제거하는 경우, 일반적으로 400-500 아일 레츠를 배치하는 subcapsular 주머니에 충분한 공간보다 더있다. 사출 볼륨이 너무 큰 경우에는, 아일 레츠는 실험의 재현성을 손상, 장기 이식 과정 주머니 밖으로 누출 가능성이 더 높습니다. 이 프로토콜 내에서이 단계의 일부를 수정하고 여전히 만족스러운 결과를 얻을 수 있습니다. 이들은 다음과 같습니다 (A) 췌장을 소화하기 위해 다른 효소의 사용, 췌장에 효소를 전달하기위한 (B) 다른 방법, (C) 연속 Ficoll - 나트륨 - diatrizoate (FSD) 그라디언트의 사용 대신 하나의 밀도 Histopaque1077 단계, 그리고 신장 subcapsule 이외의 위치 (D) 아일릿 이식니다. <ol class="lalpha"><li> 이 프로토콜에서는 Liberase는 췌장 내의 세포 세포 접촉을 약하게하는 데 사용됩니다. Liberase은 기본적으로 높은 췌장에서 아일 레츠를 방출에 유용 증명 collagenases을 정화의 혼합물이다. 그러나, 덜 정제된 collagenases는 비슷한 결과를 달성 할 수 있습니다. 따라서 한 소화 상태가 높은 아일릿 품질을 달성하기 위해 최적이므로, 수율과 순도, 췌장을 소화에 대해 다른 상용 효소 준비를 사용할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 그것은 효소의 ductal 재관류없이 췌장을 소화하는 것도 가능합니다. 일반적인 담즙 덕트를 통해 Liberase의 배송은 효소로 췌장 표면 영역의 최대한의 노출을 허용합니다. 췌장 및 손상 아일 레츠보다 릴리스보다 소화도이 결과를. 그러나 효소로 췌장의 표면 영역을 증가하기 위해 다른 단계를 사용할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, Liberase에서 잠복기하거나 직접 췌장 캡슐을 통해 Liberase를 주입하기 전에 닦지 췌장은 아일 레츠를 분리하는 데 사용할 수 있습니다. 그러나, Liberase 전달의 다른 방법은 일반적인 담즙 덕트를 통해 재관류만큼 효과가 없다. 따라서, 닦지 또는 직접 분사는 일반적인 담즙 덕트가 손상 perfusable되지 않을 경우 최후의 수단으로 예약해야합니다. </li><li> exocrine 세포에서 아일 레츠 분리에 대한 다른 방법은 관련된Histopaque1077 10 대신 FSD 그라디언트 중 하나를 사용하십시오. 이 프로토콜의 exocrine 세포에서 아일 레츠의 효율적인 분리는 부분에 두 세포 유형 간의 밀도 차이에 의한 것입니다. Histopaque1077 25에서 1.0771 g / ML의 밀도 ° C. 있습니다 이 온도에서 Histopaque는 아일 레츠하지만 exocrine 세포보다 밀도보다 밀도이다. 따라서, 원심 분리, Histopaque1077 쥐똥 exocrine 세포의 힘 아래 표면에 아일 레츠 리프팅하는 동안. 원칙적으로, exocrine 세포에서 아일 레츠 분리 수있는 밀도 다른 물질이 단계에서 사용되며 FSD 그라디언트는 하나의 물질 수있다. </li><li> 아일 레츠 이식의 위치와 관련하여,이 프로토콜에서 사용되는 신장 캡슐은 몇 가지 사이트 중 하나입니다. 신장 subcapsule 생쥐에 이식 중 가장보고 사이트이지만 다른 이식 사이트는 효율적으로 발견하고 그들은 간장 포털 정맥, subretinal 공간, testis, epididymal 지방 패드, 비장, 심지어 췌장 11-14를 포함하고 있습니다. 이러한 각각의 위치는 자신의 장점과 도전을하고 있습니다. 따라서, 아일릿 이식에 대한 사이트의 선택은 해결 질문 및 실험 특정 상황에 의해 결정되어야합니다. </li></ol> 그것은 아일릿 이식의 한계를 극복 할 수 전략은 크게 그 치료 가능성을 향상시킬 것으로 생각됩니다. 따라서,이 프로토콜에 의해 세부로 murine 모델의 사용은 이러한 전략을 확인을위한 매력적인 접근법을 제공합니다.

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">	
		
		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>RPMI 1640</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Gibco</td>
<td>31800-022</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Liberase TL</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Roche</td>
<td>05401020001</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Gibco</td>
<td>10437-028</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Histopaque1077</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
<td>10771</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Penicillin Streptomycin </td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Gibco</td>
<td>15140</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Sodium Citrate</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
<td>S4641</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Streptozotocin</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
<td>S-0130</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>HCl</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>A144-212</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Isoflurane</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Vedco</td>
<td>ISOSOL</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Glass Capillary Tubes</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>22362574</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Insulin Syringe</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>BD Falcon</td>
<td>329461</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>27 Gauge Syringe Needle</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>BD Falcon</td>
<td>305109</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Hamilton Syringe #1702</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>14813133</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>10cm Petri Plates</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>0875712</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>6cm Petri Plates</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>07770212</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>6-0 Suture</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>Ethicon</td>
<td>8726H</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>PE 50 Flexible Tubing</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>NC9083963</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>5ml Disposable Syringe</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>BD Falcon</td>
<td>309603</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>50ml Conical Tube</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>BD Falcon</td>
<td>352098</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>15ml Conical Tube</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>BD Falcon</td>
<td>352097</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>0.1mm Nylon Mesh</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>22363549</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>0.419mm Wire Mesh</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>Newark Wire Cloth Company</td>
<td>0300241</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Water Bath Incubator</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>15-462-5</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Dissecting Microscope</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>Zeiss</td>
<td>Stemi SV6</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Inverted Microscope</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>Nikon</td>
<td>TMS</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Tissue Culture Incubator</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>Napco</td>
<td>6300</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Dissecting Scissors</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>Kent Scientific</td>
<td>INS14393</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>McPherson-Vannas Scissors</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>Kent Scientific</td>
<td>INS500260</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Curved Forceps</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>Kent Scientific</td>
<td>INS15915</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Hemostatic Forceps</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>Kent Scientific</td>
<td>INS 500451</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Isoflurane Nebulizer</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>Smiths Medical Surgivet</td>
<td>ISOTech 4 OHMEDA</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Swing Bucket Centrifuge</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>Dupont &#x2013; Sorvall</td>
<td>RT6000D</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Swing Bucket Rotor</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>Dupont &#x2013; Sorvall</td>
<td>H1000B</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>pH Meter</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>Mettler Toledo/ Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>09313509</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Gel Loading Tips</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>05408151</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>p200 Tips</td>
<td>Equipment</td>
<td>USA Scientific</td>
<td>111-0730</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

a method for murine islet isolation and subcapsular kidney transplantation

당뇨병 설치류에 Langerhans의 아일 레츠의 이식을 입증 볼링거하고 Reckard의 초기 개척 작품들이 혈당 수치를 정상화 수 있으므로, 아일릿 이식은 1 형 당뇨병의 1,2에 대한 잠재적인 치료로 제안되었습니다. 최근 인간의 아일릿 이식의 진보가 더 이상이보기 1,3를 강화했습니다. 그러나, 두 가지 주요 한계는 광범위한 임상 현실되는 아일릿 이식을 막기 : 크게 영향을 심각하게 잠재받는 사람 수를 줄여 환자 당 아일 레츠의 큰 숫자는 (a) 요구 사항, 그리고 무거운 immunosuppression에 대한 (B) 필요 장기 immunosuppression 자신의 취약점으로 인한 환자의 소아 인구. 이러한 한계를 극복 할 수 전략은 아일릿 이식의 치료 유틸리티를 향상시킬 가능성이있다. 마우스 신장 캡슐 아래 아일릿 이식은 아일릿 이식을 향상시키기 위해 다양한 전략을 조사하기 위해 널리 인정 모델입니다. 이 실험은 고품질 아일 레츠과 당뇨병 수신자에게 아일 레츠의 주입의 절연을 필요로합니다. 두 절차는 더 나은 텍스트보다 동영상으로 보여준 수있는 수술 단계가 필요합니다. 여기, 우리는 비디오 및 서면 프로토콜 모두 이러한 절차에 대한 자세한 단계를 문서화합니다. 우리는 또한 잠시 다른 이식 모델을 토론 : syngeneic, allogeneic, syngeneic 면역 및자가 면역 질환 allogeneic.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method for Murine Islet Isolation and Subcapsular Kidney Transplantation at JoVE.com

A Method for Murine Islet Isolation and Subcapsular Kidney Transplantation

절연 아일 레츠의 이식은 제 1 형 당뇨병에 대한 잠재적인 치료로 제안되었습니다. 여기 마우스 pancreata에서 아일 레츠를 분리하고 신장의 subcapsular 공간을 이식하는 방법을 설명합니다.

Murine 아일릿 절연 및 Subcapsular 신장 이식을위한 방법

Since the early pioneering work of Ballinger and Reckard demonstrating that transplantation of islets of Langerhans into diabetic rodents could normalize ...

a-method-for-murine-islet-isolation-subcapsular-kidney

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

63.3K 조회수.  The Ohio State University. 절연 아일 레츠의 이식은 제 1 형 당뇨병에 대한 잠재적인 치료로 제안되었습니다. 여기 마우스 pancreata에서 아일 레츠를 분리하고 신장의 subcapsular 공간을 이식하는 방법을 설명합니다.

비디오: A Method for Murine Islet Isolation and Subcapsular Kidney Transplantation

Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation

Orthotopic lung transplantation in rats was first reported by Asimacopoulos and colleagues in 1971 1. Currently, this method is well accepted and standardized not only for the study of allo-rejection but also between syngeneic strains for examining mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation. Although the application of the rat and other large animal model 2 contributed significantly to the elucidation of these studies, the scope of those investigations is limited by the scarcity of knockout and transgenic rats. Due to no effective therapies for obliterative bronchiolitis, the leading cause of death in lung transplant patients, there has been an intensive search for pre-clinical models that replicate obliterative bronchiolitis. The tracheal allograft model is the most widely used and may reproduce some of the histopathologic features of obliterative bronchiolitis 3. However, the lack of an intact vasculature with no connection to the recipient's conducting airways, and incomplete pathologic features of obliterative bronchiolitis limit the utility of this model 4. Unlike transplantation of other solid organs, vascularized mouse lung transplants have only recently been reported by Okazaki and colleagues for the first time in 2007 5. Applying the basic principles of the rat lung transplant, our lab initiated the obliterative bronchiolitis model using minor histoincompatible antigen murine orthotopic single-left lung transplants which allows the further study of obliterative bronchiolitis immunopathogenesis6.

Obliterative bronchiolitis is the key impediment to the long-term survival of lung transplant recipients and the lack of a robust preclinical model precludes examining obliterative bronchiolitis immunopathogenesis. Unlike other solid organ transplants, vascularized mouse lung transplantation has only recently been developed. Here we show our independently developed obliterative bronchiolitis model after murine orthotopic single-lung transplantation.

Orthotopic 폐 이식의 Murine 모델에 Obliterative Bronchiolitis의 개발

Orthotopic lung transplantation in rats was first reported by Asimacopoulos and colleagues in 1971 1. Currently, this method is well accepted and ...

연구

의학

Murine Cervical Heart Transplantation Model Using a Modified Cuff Technique

Mouse models are of special interest in research since a wide variety of monoclonal antibodies and commercially defined inbred and knockout strains are available to perform mechanistic in vivo studies. While heart transplantation models using a suture technique were first successfully developed in rats, the translation into an equally widespread used murine equivalent was never achieved due the technical complexity of the microsurgical procedure. In contrast, non-suture cuff techniques, also developed initially in rats, were successfully adapted for use in mice1-3. This technique for revascularization involves two major steps I) everting the recipient vessel over a polyethylene cuff; II) pulling the donor vessel over the formerly everted recipient vessel and holding it in place with a circumferential tie. This ensures a continuity of the endothelial layer, short operating time and very high patency rates4.
Using this technique for vascular anastomosis we performed more than 1,000 cervical heart transplants with an overall success rate of 95%. For arterial inflow the common carotid artery and the proximal aortic arch were anastomosed resulting in a retrograde perfusion of the transplanted heart. For venous drainage the pulmonary artery of the graft was anastomosed with the external jugular vein of the recipient5.
Herein, we provide additional details of this technique to supplement the video.

The murine cervical heart transplantation model is well suited for immunological as well as ischemia reperfusion injury studies. We modified the procedure using a non-suture cuff technique and performed more than 1,000 successful transplants with this approach.
Herein, we provide additional details of this technique to supplement the video.

수정 커프 기술을 사용하여 쥐의 자궁 심장 이식 모델

Mouse models are of special interest in research since a wide variety of monoclonal antibodies and commercially defined inbred and knockout strains are ...

Murine Heterotopic Heart Transplant Technique

It is now over forty years since this technique was first reported by Corry, Wynn and Russell. Although it took some years for other labs to become proficient in and utilize this technique, it is now widely used by many laboratories around the world. A significant refinement to the original technique was developed and reported in 2001 by Niimi. Described here are the techniques that have evolved over more than a decade in the hands of three surgeons (Plenter, Grazia, Pietra) in our center. These techniques are now being passed on to a younger generation of surgeons and researchers.
Based largely on the Niimi experience, the procedures used have evolved in the fine details - details which we will endeavor to relate here in such a way that others may be able to use this very useful model. Like Niimi, we have found that a video aid to learning is a priceless resource for the beginner.

The manuscript describes the steps required to perform the heterotopic heart transplant in the mouse.

쥐 이소성 심장 이식 기술

It is now over forty years since this technique was first reported by Corry, Wynn and Russell. Although it took some years for other labs to become ...

Murine Corneal Transplantation: A Model to Study the Most Common Form of Solid Organ Transplantation

Corneal transplantation is the most common form of organ transplantation in the United States with between 45,000 and 55,000 procedures performed each year. While several animal models exist for this procedure and mice are the species that is most commonly used. The reasons for using mice are the relative cost of using this species, the existence of many genetically defined strains that allow for the study of immune responses, and the existence of an extensive array of reagents that can be used to further define responses in this species. This model has been used to define factors in the cornea that are responsible for the relative immune privilege status of this tissue that enables corneal allografts to survive acute rejection in the absence of immunosuppressive therapy. It has also been used to define those factors that are most important in rejection of such allografts. Consequently, much of what we know concerning mechanisms of both corneal allograft acceptance and rejection are due to studies using a murine model of corneal transplantation. In addition to describing a model for acute corneal allograft rejection, we also present for the first time a model of late-term corneal allograft rejection.

Mice have been used as a model for studying many forms of transplantation, including corneal transplantation. We describe in this report a murine model for both acute and late-term corneal transplantation.

쥐의 각막 이식 : 고체 장기 이식의 가장 일반적인 형태를 연구하기위한 모델

Corneal transplantation is the most common form of organ transplantation in the United States with between 45,000 and 55,000 procedures performed each ...

Mouse Kidney Transplantation: Models of Allograft Rejection

Rejection of the transplanted kidney in humans is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The mouse model of renal transplantation closely replicates both the technical and pathological processes that occur in human renal transplantation. Although mouse models of allogeneic rejection in organs other than the kidney exist, and are more technically feasible, there is evidence that different organs elicit disparate rejection modes and dynamics, for instance the time course of rejection in cardiac and renal allograft differs significantly in certain strain combinations. This model is an attractive tool for many reasons despite its technical challenges. As inbred mouse strain haplotypes are well characterized it is possible to choose donor and recipient combinations to model acute allograft rejection by transplanting across MHC class I and II loci. Conversely by transplanting between strains with similar haplotypes a chronic process can be elicited were the allograft kidney develops interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. We have modified the surgical technique to reduce operating time and improve ease of surgery, however a learning curve still needs to be overcome in order to faithfully replicate the model. This study will provide key points in the surgical procedure and aid the process of establishing this technique.

Here, we present a protocol to study the immunology of rejection. The surgical model presented reports a short operating time and a concise technique. Depending on the donor-recipient strain combination, the transplanted kidney may develop acute cellular rejection or chronic allograft damage, defined by interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy.

마우스 신장 이식 : 동종 이식 거부의 모델

Rejection of the transplanted kidney in humans is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The mouse model of renal transplantation closely ...

Murine Kidney Transplant Technique

The first mouse kidney transplant technique was published in 19731 by the Russell laboratory. Although it took some years for other labs to become proficient in and utilize this technique, it is now widely used by many laboratories around the world. A significant refinement to the original technique using the donor aorta to form the arterial anastomosis instead of the renal artery was developed and reported in 1993 by Kalina and Mottram 2 with a further advancement coming from the same laboratory in 1999 3. While one can become proficient in this model, a search of the literature reveals that many labs still experience a high proportion of graft loss due to arterial thrombosis. We describe here a technique that was devised in our laboratory that vastly reduces the arterial thrombus reported by others 4,5. This is achieved by forming a heel-and-toe cuff of the donor infra-renal aorta that facilitates a larger anastomosis and straighter blood flow into the kidney.

The goal of this manuscript is to describe the steps required to perform a kidney transplant in a mouse, paying particular attention to the details of the arterial anastomosis.

쥐 신장 이식 기술

The first mouse kidney transplant technique was published in 19731 by the Russell laboratory. Although it took some years for other labs to become ...

Normothermic Ex Vivo Kidney Perfusion for the Preservation of Kidney Grafts prior to Transplantation

Kidney transplantation has become a well-established treatment option for patients with end-stage renal failure. The persisting organ shortage remains a serious problem. Therefore, the acceptance criteria for organ donors have been extended leading to the usage of marginal kidney grafts. These marginal organs tolerate cold storage poorly resulting in increased preservation injury and higher rates of delayed graft function. To overcome the limitations of cold storage, extensive research is focused on alternative normothermic preservation methods.
Ex vivo normothermic organ perfusion is an innovative preservation technique. The first experimental and clinical trials for ex vivo lung, liver, and kidney perfusions demonstrated favorable outcomes.
In addition to the reduction of cold ischemic injury, the method of normothermic kidney storage offers the opportunity for organ assessment and repair. This manuscript provides information about kidney retrieval, organ preservation techniques, and isolated ex vivo normothermic kidney perfusion (NEVKP) in a porcine model. Surgical techniques, set up for the perfusion solution and the circuit, potential assessment options, and representative results are demonstrated.

Normothermic Ex Vivo Kidney Perfusion for the Preservation of Kidney Grafts prior to Transplantation

The severe organ shortage has resulted in increased use of marginal kidney grafts for transplantation. This has triggered interest in alternative storage methods, since marginal grafts especially tolerate cold storage poorly. The technique of normothermic ex vivo kidney perfusion (NEVKP) represents a novel preservation method for kidney grafts prior to &#160;transplantation.

정상 체온<em&gt; 전의 VIVO</em&gt; 신장의 보존을위한 신장 관류는 이식 전에 이식

Kidney transplantation has become a well-established treatment option for patients with end-stage renal failure. The persisting organ shortage remains a ...

A Novel Clinical Grade Isolation Method for Human Kidney Perivascular Stromal Cells

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are tissue homeostatic and immune modulatory cells that have shown beneficial effects in kidney diseases and transplantation. Perivascular Stromal Cells (PSCs) share characteristics with bone marrow MSCs (bmMSCs). However, they also possess, most likely due to local imprinting, tissue-specific properties and play a role in local tissue homeostasis. This tissue specificity may result in tissue specific repair, also within the human kidney. We previously showed that human kidney PSCs (kPSCs) have enhanced kidney epithelial wound healing whereas bmMSCs did not have this potential. Moreover, kPSCs can ameliorate kidney injury in vivo. Therefore, kPSCs constitute an interesting source for cell therapy, particularly for kidney diseases and renal transplantation. Here we show the detailed isolation and culture method for kPSCs from transplant-grade human kidneys based on whole-organ perfusion of digestive enzymes via the renal artery and enrichment for the perivascular marker NG2. In this way, large cell quantities can be obtained that are suitable for cellular therapy.

Here we present a novel clinical grade isolation and culture method for kidney Perivascular Stromal Cells (kPSCs) based on whole organ perfusion with digestive enzymes and NG2-cell enrichment. With this method, it is possible to acquire sufficient cell numbers for cellular therapy.

인간의 신장 혈관 주위 Stromal 세포에 대 한 새로운 임상 등급 격리 방법

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are tissue homeostatic and immune modulatory cells that have shown beneficial effects in kidney diseases and ...

Orthotopic Rat Kidney Transplantation: A Novel and Simplified Surgical Approach

Kidney transplantation offers increased survival rates and improved quality of life for patients with end-stage renal disease, as compared to any type of renal replacement therapy. Over the past few decades, the rat kidney transplantation model has been used to study the immunological phenomena of rejection and tolerance. This model has become an indispensable tool to test new immunomodulatory pharmaceuticals and regimens prior to proceeding with expensive preclinical large animal studies.
This protocol provides a detailed overview of how to reliably perform orthotopic kidney transplantation in rats. This protocol includes three distinctive steps that increase the probability of success: perfusion of the donor kidney by flushing through the portal vein and the use of a cuff system to anastomose the renal veins and ureters, thereby decreasing cold and warm ischemia times. Using this technique, we have achieved survival rates beyond 6 months with normal serum creatinine in animals with syngeneic or tolerant kidney transplants. Depending on the aim of the study, this model can be modified by pre- or posttransplant treatments to study the acute, chronic, cellular, or antibody-mediated rejection. It is a reproducible, reliable, and cost-effective animal model to study different aspects of kidney transplantation.

The purpose of this manuscript and protocol is to explain and demonstrate in detail the surgical procedure of orthotopic kidney transplantation in rats. This method is simplified to achieve the correct perfusion of the donor kidney and shorten the reperfusion time by using the venous and ureteral cuff anastomosis technique.

직교 쥐 신장 이식: 새롭고 단순화 된 외과 접근

Kidney transplantation offers increased survival rates and improved quality of life for patients with end-stage renal disease, as compared to any type of ...

Optical Clearing and Imaging of Immunolabeled Kidney Tissue

Optical clearing techniques render tissue transparent by equilibrating the refractive index throughout a sample for subsequent three-dimensional (3-D) imaging. They have received great attention in all research areas for the potential to analyze microscopic multicellular structures that extend over macroscopic distances. Given that kidney tubules, vasculature, nerves, and glomeruli extend in many directions, which have been only partially captured by traditional two-dimensional techniques so far, tissue clearing also opened up many new areas of kidney research. The list of optical clearing methods is rapidly growing, but it remains difficult for beginners in this field to choose the best method for a given research question. Provided here is a simple method that combines antibody labeling of thick mouse kidney slices; optical clearing with cheap, non-toxic and ready-to-use chemical ethyl cinnamate; and confocal imaging. This protocol describes how to perfuse kidneys and use an antigen-retrieval step to increase antibody- binding without requiring specialized equipment. Its application is presented in imaging different multicellular structures within the kidney, and how to troubleshoot poor antibody penetration into tissue is addressed. We also discuss the potential difficulties of imaging endogenous fluorophores and acquiring very large samples and how to overcome them. This simple protocol provides an easy-to-setup and comprehensive tool to study tissue in three dimensions.

The combination of antibody labeling, optical clearing, and advanced light microscopy allows three-dimensional analysis of complete structures or organs. Described here is a simple method to combine immunolabeling of thick kidney slices, optical clearing with ethyl cinnamate, and confocal imaging that enables visualization and quantification of three-dimensional kidney structures.

면역 표지된 신장 조직의 광학 클리어링 및 화상 진찰

Optical clearing techniques render tissue transparent by equilibrating the refractive index throughout a sample for subsequent three-dimensional (3-D) ...