Name: controlled cortical impact model for traumatic brain injury
Uploaded: 2014-08-05T16:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 5 min 30 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury at JoVE.com

이 작품은 인디애나 척수 및 뇌 손상 연구 보조금 (SCBI 200-12)에서 자금에 의해 지원되었다, 랄프 W. 그레이스 M. 쇼월터 연구 상, 인디애나 대학 생물학 연구 그랜트, NIH 보조금 RR025761 및 1R21NS072631-01A.

동물 관리 남성 C57 BL / 6 마우스는 그룹 보관되어 있었고, 음식과 물을 임의로 액세스 할 수있는 방법을 무료로 12분의 12 시간 빛 / 어둠주기를 유지하고 있습니다. 이 프로토콜에 사용되는 동물 10-12 주 이전이었다. 모든 절차는 인디애나 대학의 동물 관리 및 사용위원회에 의해 승인 된 프로토콜에 따라 수행되었다. 1. 수술 준비 <ol><li> 케타민 / 자일 라진 혼합물 (87.7 ㎎ / ㎖ 케타민 및 12.3 ㎎ / ㎖의 자일 라진)을 사용하여 마우스를 마취하고 IP 주입을 통해 (1 ㎖ / kg)을 투여. </li><li> 귀 사이 마우스의 머리를 면도. </li><li> 수술하는 동안 건조 방지하기 위해 마우스의 눈에 석유 기반의 젤리를 적용합니다. </li><li> 10 %의 요오드 면도 영역을 청소합니다. 그런 다음 요오드를 정리하는 70 % 에탄올을 사용합니다. </li><li> 귀 바, 물린 플레이트를 사용하여 정위 프레임에 마우스 머리를 고정합니다. 뇌가 안정되어 있는지 확인합니다. </li></ol> 2. Craniectomy </P&gt; <ol><li> 가위 헤드의 중앙에 길이 방향을 절개한다. 왼쪽에 떨어져 피부를 잡아 지혈을 사용합니다. </li><li> 두개골을 노출하는 뼈의 혈액과 조직을 제거하기 위해 면봉을 사용합니다. 노출 된 두개골은 1 분 동안 건조 할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 압력을 적용하고 두개골은 움직이지 유지되도록하기 위해 집게를 사용합니다. 해부학 적에게 람다 (꼬리 측면)과 브레 그마 (정면 측면을) 확인합니다. 4 mm 직경 멀리 정중선에서 0.5 mm로 람다와 브레 그마의 중앙에 원을 그립니다. </li><li> 표시된 원을 따라 잘라 드릴을 사용합니다. 부드럽게 떨어져 뼈 먼지를 날려. 경막의 손상을 방지하기 위해 뼈를 완전히 드릴하지 마십시오. </li><li> 뼈를 제거하고 경막을 노출 집게를 사용합니다. </li></ol> 3. 끼워 넣기 충격 장치는 충격 파라미터를 설정하는 제어 박스, 끼워 넣기를 수행하는 액츄에이터 및 행동을 확보하기 정위 프레임을 포함영향에 대한 uator와 마우스 머리. <ol><li> 수술 전 3m / 초에 액추에이터의 속도를 미리 설정합니다. </li><li> 다른 부상의 심각도를 유도하기 위해 서로 다른 변형의 깊이를 미리 설정합니다. 0.0-0.2 mm, 0.5 ~ 1.0 ㎜, 1.2-2.0 mm의 변형 깊이는 각각, 중등도, 중증 TBIs에 될 것입니다. 이 프로토콜은 3m / 초의 속도를 사용하여 1mm의 변형 깊이와 적당히 심각한 뇌 손상을 달성하는 방법을 설명했다. </li><li> 정위 프레임 홀더에 액츄에이터를 부착하고 오픈 두개골 영역의 중심에있는 액추에이터 (3 mm 직경)의 둥근 플랫 팁 보호를위한 이동 미세 조작기를 사용합니다. 그런 영향 사이트의 표면에 평행 한 각도로 끝을 조정한다. </li><li> 선단이 충격 사이트의 표면에 닿을 때까지 연장되는 모델 액추에이터를 이동하여 영점을 설정. 그런 제로 정위 제어판의 Z 채널을 설정합니다. </li><li> 임팩터 팁 후퇴동시에 1mm 아래 액추에이터를 이동시키면서. </li><li> 부상 사이트를 공격, 1 mm의 변형 깊이를 달성하기 위해 충격 버튼을 누르십시오. </li></ol> 4. 상해 사이트 폐쇄 <ol><li> 모든 혈액 다음과 같은 영향을 제거하기 위해 면봉을 사용하지만, 부상 영역을 만지지 마십시오. </li><li> 체온을 유지하기 위해 따뜻한 패드에서 마우스를 놓습니다. </li><li> 출혈이 중지되면, 폐쇄 상처를 봉합. 깨끗한 케이지에 다시 동물을 넣어 따뜻한 패드 밤새 수술에서 회복 할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 관리 프레 놀핀 0.05-0.10 ㎎ / kg SQ 수술 후 2 일간 매일 8 ~ 12 시간. </li></ol>

<ol>
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The authors have nothing to disclose.

성공적으로 CCI를 일으키는 전자 자석 영향 시스템을 사용 TBIs에 일관성을 생성하기위한 가장 중요한 단계는 다음과 같다 : 1)를 안정적으로 정위 프레임에서 마우스의 머리를 고정; 2) 생쥐 사이 뼈 창의 동일한 크기를 생성하고 craniectomy 중에 하에서 경막 손상없이 뼈를 제거하는 단계; 3) 올바로 개방 영역의 중심에 영향 팁을 위치 및 영향 전에 영점을 설정. 마우스의 머리는...

외상성 뇌 손상 (TBI)은 뇌 기능의 변경, 또는 외력에 기인 한 뇌 병리의 기타 증거로서 정의된다. TBIs에, 특히 미국에서, 전 세계적으로 심각한 건강 문제가 남아있다. 질병 통제 및 예방 센터에 따르면, 적어도 170 만 TBIs에 모든 부상 관련 사망의 30.5 %의 결과로 미국에서 매년 발생합니다. 2000 년, 직접 의료 비용과 TBIs에의 간접 비용이 미국에서만 예상 7백65억달러 억원. 이전 수십 년간의 기술 및 치료의 발전은 TBIs에 고통받는 사람들을 위해 삶의 질과 길이를 개선했지만, 효과적인 약제 또는 예방 치료는 현재 존재하지 않습니다. 때문에 복잡하고 조직의 병변, 세포 죽음, 그리고 축삭 변성 등의 TBIs에, 넓은 광범위한 효과, 두 개의 상해는 동일하지 않습니다; 따라서, 동물에 대한 현재 TBI 모델은 정확하게 재생하지TBI의 모든 측면은 인간의 본. 그러나, 동물 모델은 또한 TBIs에의 임상 양상 승낙의 희망과 TBI의 여러가지 효과를 조사 할 필요가 거의 동일한 부상을 생산하는 능력을 제공 하나. 제어 피질 충격 (CCI) 모델 동물의 노출 된 경질에 물리적 충격을 전달하는 충격 시스템을 사용한다. 마일드에서 인간에 의해 경험 된 것과 유사한 심각한에 이르기까지 TBIs에를 유도한다. 이 부상은 먼저 흰 족제비 2 특징으로하고 나중에 쥐 3,4, 마우스, 5-7, 그리고 양 8에 사용하기 위해 적응했다. 첫 번째 특성 때문에, 부상의 사이트는 중간 선 2.9과 외측 피질골 (10)에 모두 배치되었습니다. CCI는 TBIs에 대한 효과와 치료 가능성을 조사하기 쉽고 정확한 방법을 제공합니다. CCI 모델, 유체 타악기 및 체​​중 저하뿐만 아니라 모델 공동 있습니다mmonly TBIs에를 생산하는 데 사용. 그러나 이러한 모델 적은 부상 매개 변수를 제어, 인간 TBIs에 볼 수없는 histopathalogical 변화를 생산하고, 마우스 3,5,10 우발적 죽음의 더 큰 발병률을 포함하여 현재 제한. 폭풍 파 모델은 TBIs에를 생산하는 데 사용됩니다. 폭풍 파 모델은 기계적 충격에 다음과 같은 본 histopathalogical 변경을 재현하지 않지만,이 모델은 정확하게 특히 군인 (11)에 의해 경험 TBIs에 생산 않습니다. 제어 피질 충격 모델에 따라 같은 시간, 속도 및 충격 5의 깊이로 변형 매개 변수를 통해 정확한 컨트롤을 제어하기 쉽다. 이러한 정확도는 더 가능한 동물의 그룹 전체에 걸쳐 거의 동일한 상해를 복제 할 수 있습니다. 가장 중요한 것은, CCI는 인간 TBIs에 12에서 본 기능을 TBIs에 재현. 그러나 병적 인 찬의 전체 스펙트럼을 재생에 완전히 성공적으로 단일 동물 모델이 없다TBI 후 관찰 GES. 더 자세한 연구가 완전히 TBI 후 발생하는 급성 및 만성 변화를 공개 할 필요가있다. 기본 및 보조 부상 : 부상의 두 가지 유형의 TBI 다음 발생합니다. 기본 부상은 충격의 순간에 발생하고 치료 치료에 대한 구분하지 않습니다; 그러나, 초기 부상 후 유지 보조 부상은 치료 13 될 수 있습니다. 제어 피질 충격 모델은 따라서 연구진은 보조 부상의 가능성이 오래 지속되는 효과를 TBI의 효과와 잠재적 인 치료 치료를 조사 할 수 있도록, 차 상해를 생산하고 있습니다. CCI 모델을 사용하여 잠재적 인 연구 분야는 신경 세포의 죽음, 대뇌 부종, 신경, 혈관 효과, histopathalogical 변경 및 메모리 적자 3,13-16이 포함됩니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Povidone-iodine 7.5%</td><td>Purdue product L.P.</td><td></td><td>Surgical scrub</td></tr><tr><td>Cotton tipped applicators</td><td>Henry Schein</td><td>100-6015</td><td>Remove blood and debris</td></tr><tr><td>Scissor</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>14084-08</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Forcept</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11293-00</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Hemostat</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>13021-12</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Rechargeable Cordless Micro Drill</td><td>Stoelting</td><td>58610</td><td>Combine with Burrs for generating the bone window</td></tr><tr><td>Burrs for Micro Drill</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>19007-05</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Suture monofilament</td><td>Ethicon</td><td>G697</td><td>Suture</td></tr><tr><td>tert-Amyl alcohol</td><td>Sigma</td><td>152463-250ML</td><td>Making 2.5% Avertin</td></tr><tr><td>2,2,2-Tribromoethanol</td><td>Sigma</td><td>T48402-25G</td><td>Making 2.5% Avertin</td></tr></tbody></table>

controlled cortical impact model for traumatic brain injury

Every year over a million Americans suffer a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Combined with the incidence of TBIs worldwide, the physical, emotional, social, and economical effects are staggering. Therefore, further research into the effects of TBI and effective treatments is necessary. The controlled cortical impact (CCI) model induces traumatic brain injuries ranging from mild to severe. This method uses a rigid impactor to deliver mechanical energy to an intact dura exposed following a craniectomy. Impact is made under precise parameters at a set velocity to achieve a pre-determined deformation depth. Although other TBI models, such as weight drop and fluid percussion, exist, CCI is more accurate, easier to control, and most importantly, produces traumatic brain injuries similar to those seen in humans. However, no TBI model is currently able to reproduce pathological changes identical to those seen in human patients. The CCI model allows investigation into the short-term and long-term effects of TBI, such as neuronal death, memory deficits, and cerebral edema, as well as potential therapeutic treatments for TBI.

제어 피질 충격 모델은 온화한에서 심한 정도에 이르기까지 TBIs에 발생합니다. 포스트 영향 뇌 부종의 양, 출혈, 및 영향 사이트에서 두개골 변형 속도와 변형 깊이 매개 변수로 인한 부상의 심각도를 발표 할 예정이다. 온화한 TBIs에 의한 제한 경질 위반에 미치는 영향 사이트와 약간의 출혈로 뇌 부종의 원인. 적당한 TBI는 뇌 부종을 전시 인해 끼워 따라 경질 위반 (그림 1)에 출혈이 ?...

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Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) remain a serious health problem. Using the controlled cortical impact surgery model, research on the effects of TBI and possible treatment methods may be performed.

외상성 뇌 손상에 대한 제어 피질 충격 모델

Every year over a million Americans suffer a traumatic brain injury (TBI).  Combined with the incidence of TBIs worldwide, the physical, emotional, ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

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28.5K 조회수.  Indiana University School of Medicine. Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) remain a serious health problem. Using the controlled cortical impact surgery model, research on the effects of TBI and possible treatment methods may be performed.

비디오: Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury

Controlled Cortical Impact Model of Mouse Brain Injury with Therapeutic Transplantation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Cells

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Disease pathology due to TBI progresses from the primary mechanical insult to secondary injury processes, including apoptosis and inflammation. Animal modeling has been valuable in the search to unravel injury mechanisms and evaluate potential neuroprotective therapies. This protocol describes the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of focal, open-head TBI. Specifically, parameters for producing a mild unilateral cortical injury are described. Behavioral consequences of CCI are analyzed using the adhesive tape removal test of bilateral sensorimotor integration. Regarding experimental therapy for TBI pathology, this protocol also illustrates a process for transplanting cultured cells into the brain. Neural cell cultures derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were chosen for their potential to show superior functional restoration in human TBI patients. Chronic survival of hiPSCs in the host mouse brain tissue is detected using a modified DAB immunohistochemical process.

This protocol demonstrates methodologies for a mouse model of open-skull traumatic brain injury and transplantation of cultured human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cells into the injury site. Behavioral and histologic tests of outcomes from these procedures are also described in brief.

인간 유도 만능 줄기 세포 유래 신경 세포의 치료 이식으로 마우스 뇌 손상의 제어 피질 영향 모델

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Disease pathology due to TBI progresses from the primary mechanical ...

연구

발생학

A Repetitive Concussive Head Injury Model in Mice

Despite the concussion/ mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) being the most frequent occurrence of traumatic brain injury, there is still a lack of knowledge on the injury and its effects. To develop a better understanding of concussions, animals are often used because they provide a controlled, rigorous, and efficient model. Studies have adapted traditional animal models to perform mTBI to stimulate mild injury severity by changing the injury parameters. These models have been used because they can produce morphologically similar brain injuries to the clinical condition and provide a spectrum of injury severities. However, they are limited in their ability to present the identical features of injuries in patients. Using a traditional impact system, a repetitive concussive injury (rCHI) model can induce mild to moderate human-like concussion. The injury degree can be determined by measuring the period of loss of consciousness (LOC) with a sign of a transient termination of breathing. The rCHI model is beneficial to use for its accuracy and simplicity in determining mTBI effects and potential treatments.

Concussion presents the most common type of traumatic brain injury. Therefore, a repetitive concussive animal model, which replicates the important features of an injury in patients, may provide a means to study concussion in a rigorous, controlled, and efficient manner.

마우스에 반복적 인 충격 포 헤드 손상 모델

Despite the concussion/ mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) being the most frequent occurrence of traumatic brain injury, there is still a lack of ...

의학

A Mouse Model of Single and Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) can result in the acute loss of brain function, including a period of confusion, a loss of consciousness (LOC), focal neurological deficits and even amnesia. Athletes participating in contact sports are at high risk of exposure to large number of mTBIs. In terms of the level of injury in a sporting athlete, a mTBI is defined as a mild injury that does not cause gross pathological changes, but does cause short-term neurological deficits that are spontaneously resolved. Despite previous attempts to model mTBI in mice and rats, many have reported gross adverse effects including skull fractures, intracerebral bleeding, axonal injury and neuronal cell death. Herein, we describe our highly reproducible animal model of mTBI that reproduces clinically relevant symptoms. This model uses a custom made pneumatic impactor device to deliver a closed-head trauma. This impact is made under precise velocity and deformation parameters, creating a reliable and reproducible model to examine the mechanisms that contribute to effects of single or repetitive concussive mTBI.

Athletes absorb several hundred mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI)/concussions every year; however, the consequence of these on the brain is poorly understood. Therefore, an animal model of single and repetitive mTBI that consistently replicates clinically relevant symptoms provides the means to advance the study of mTBI and concussion.

단일 및 반복적 인 경미한 외상성 뇌 손상의 마우스 모델

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) can result in the acute loss of brain function, including a period of confusion, a loss of consciousness (LOC), focal ...

Murine Model of Controlled Cortical Impact for the Induction of Traumatic Brain Injury

The Centers for Disease Control and Injury Prevention estimate that almost 2 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) every year in the United States. In fact, TBI is a contributing factor to over a third of all injury-related mortality. Nonetheless, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of TBI are poorly understood. Thus, preclinical models of TBI capable of replicating the injury mechanisms pertinent to TBI in human patients are a critical research need. The controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI utilizes a mechanical device to directly impact the exposed cortex. While no model can full recapitulate the disparate injury patterns and heterogeneous nature of TBI in human patients, CCI is capable of inducing a wide range of clinically applicable TBI. Furthermore, CCI is easily standardized allowing investigators to compare results across experiments as well as across investigative groups. The following protocol is a detailed description of applying a severe CCI with a commercially available impacting device in a murine model of TBI.

Here we describe a protocol for the induction of murine traumatic brain injury via an open-head controlled cortical impact.

외상성 뇌 손상의 유도에 대한 제어 피질 영향의 뮤린 모델

The Centers for Disease Control and Injury Prevention estimate that almost 2 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) every year in the ...

신경과학

Low-intensity Blast Wave Model for Preclinical Assessment of Closed-head Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rodents

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a large-scale public health problem. Mild TBI is the most prevalent form of neurotrauma and accounts for a large number of medical visits in the United States. There are currently no FDA-approved treatments available for TBI. The increased incidence of military-related, blast-induced TBI further accentuates the urgent need for effective TBI treatments. Therefore, new preclinical TBI animal models that recapitulate aspects of human blast-related TBI will greatly advance the research efforts into the neurobiological and pathophysiological processes underlying mild to moderate TBI as well as the development of novel therapeutic strategies for TBI.
Here we present a reliable, reproducible model for the investigation of the molecular, cellular, and behavioral effects of mild to moderate blast-induced TBI. We describe a step-by-step protocol for closed-head, blast-induced mild TBI in rodents using a bench-top setup consisting of a gas-driven shock tube equipped with piezoelectric pressure sensors to ensure consistent test conditions. The benefits of the setup that we have established are its relative low-cost, ease of installation, ease of use and high-throughput capacity. Further advantages of this non-invasive TBI model include the scalability of the blast peak overpressure and the generation of controlled reproducible outcomes. The reproducibility and relevance of this TBI model has been evaluated in a number of downstream applications, including neurobiological, neuropathological, neurophysiological and behavioral analyses, supporting the use of this model for the characterization of processes underlying the etiology of mild to moderate TBI.

We present here a protocol of a blast wave model for rodents to investigate neurobiological and pathophysiological effects of mild to moderate traumatic brain injury. We established a gas-driven, bench-top setup equipped with pressure sensors allowing for reliable and reproducible generation of blast-induced mild to moderate traumatic brain injury.

설치류의 폐쇄 머리 경미한 외상성 뇌 손상의 전임상 평가를위한 저강도 폭발파 모델

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a large-scale public health problem. Mild TBI is the most prevalent form of neurotrauma and accounts for a large number of ...

A Preclinical Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Hemorrhage Contusion and Neuroinflammation

Cerebral contusion is a severe medical problem affecting millions of people worldwide each year. There is an urgent need to understand the pathophysiological mechanism and to develop effective therapeutic strategy for this devastating neurological disorder. Intraparenchymal hemorrhage and post-traumatic inflammatory response induced by initial physical impact can aggravate microglia/macrophage activation and neuroinflammation which subsequently worsen brain pathology. We provide here a controlled cortical impact (CCI) protocol that can reproduce experimental cortical contusion in mice by using a pneumatic impactor system to deliver mechanical force with controllable magnitude and velocity onto the dural surface. This preclinical model allows researchers to induce moderately severe focal cerebral contusion in mice and to investigate a wide range of post-traumatic pathological progressions including hemorrhage contusion, microglia/macrophage activation, iron toxicity, axonal injury, as well as short-term and long-term neurobehavioral deficits. The present protocol can be useful for exploring the long-term effects of and potential interventions for cerebral contusion.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>외상성 출혈 타박상 및 신경염증에 대한 전임상 제어 피질 영향 모델

Intraparenchymal hemorrhage and neuroinflammation accompanied by cerebral contusion can trigger severe secondary brain injury. This protocol details a mouse controlled cortical impact (CCI) model allowing researchers to study hemorrhage contusion and post-traumatic immune responses and explore potential therapeutics.

외상성 출혈 타박상 및 신경염증에 대한 전임상 제어 피질 영향 모델

Cerebral contusion is a severe medical problem affecting millions of people worldwide each year. There is an urgent need to understand the ...

Electromagnetic Controlled Closed-Head Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

Highly reproducible animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI), with well-defined pathologies, are needed for testing therapeutic interventions and understanding the mechanisms of how a TBI alters brain function. The availability of multiple animal models of TBI is necessary to model the different aspects and severities of TBI seen in people. This manuscript describes the use of a midline closed head injury (CHI) to develop a mouse model of mild TBI. The model is considered mild because it does not produce structural brain lesions based on neuroimaging or gross neuronal loss. However, a single impact creates enough pathology that cognitive impairment is measurable at least 1 month after injury. A step-by-step protocol to induce a CHI in mice using a stereotaxically guided electromagnetic impactor is defined in the paper. The benefits of the mild midline CHI model include the reproducibility of the injury-induced changes with low mortality. The model has been temporally characterized up to 1 year after the injury for neuroimaging, neurochemical, neuropathological, and behavioral changes. The model is complementary to open skull models of controlled cortical impact using the same impactor device. Thus, labs can model both mild diffuse TBI and focal moderate-to-severe TBI with the same impactor.

The protocol describes mild traumatic brain injury in a mouse model. In particular, a step-by-step protocol to induce a mild midline closed head injury and the characterization of the animal model is fully explained.

생쥐의 경미한 외상성 뇌 손상에 대한 전자기 제어 폐쇄 머리 모델

Highly reproducible animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI), with well-defined pathologies, are needed for testing therapeutic interventions and ...

Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) are a prevalent health issue in North America. There is increasing pressure to utilize ecologically valid models of closed-head mTBI in the preclinical setting to increase translatability to the clinical population. The awake closed-headed injury (ACHI) model uses a modified controlled cortical impactor to deliver closed-headed injury, inducing clinically relevant behavioral deficits without the need for a craniotomy or the use of an anesthetic.
This technique does not normally induce fatalities, skull fractures, or brain bleeds, and is more consistent with being a mild injury. Indeed, the mild nature of the ACHI procedure makes it ideal for studies investigating repetitive mTBI (r-mTBI). Growing evidence indicates that r-mTBI can result in a cumulative injury that produces behavioral symptoms, neuropathological changes, and neurodegeneration. r-mTBI is common in youths playing sports, and these injuries occur during a period of robust synaptic reorganization and myelination, making the younger population particularly vulnerable to the long-term influences of r-mTBI.
Further, r-mTBI occurs in cases of intimate partner violence, a condition for which there are few objective screening measures. In these experiments, synaptic function was assessed in the hippocampus in juvenile rats that had experienced r-mTBI using the ACHI model. Following the injuries, a tissue slicer was utilized to make hippocampal slices to evaluate bidirectional synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus at either 1 or 7 days following the r-mTBI. Overall, the ACHI model provides researchers with an ecologically valid model to study changes in synaptic plasticity following mTBI and r-mTBI.

Here, it is demonstrated how an awake closed-head injury model can be used for examining the effects of repeated mild traumatic brain injury (r-mTBI) on synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. The model replicates important features of r-mTBI in patients and is used in conjunction with in vitro electrophysiology.

경미한 외상성 뇌 손상의 깨어 있는 폐쇄 두부 손상 모델을 사용하여 시냅스 가소성의 변화 평가

Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) are a prevalent health issue in North America. There is increasing pressure to utilize ecologically valid models of ...

폐쇄형 머리 손상 방법을 통한 마우스의 rmTBI 유도

Modified Mouse Model of Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Incorporating Thinned-Skull Window and Fluid Percussion

Mild traumatic brain injury is a clinically highly heterogeneous neurological disorder. Highly reproducible traumatic brain injury (TBI) animal models with well-defined pathologies are urgently needed for studying the mechanisms of neuropathology after mild TBI and testing therapeutics. Replicating the entire sequelae of TBI in animal models has proven to be a challenge. Therefore, the availability of multiple animal models of TBI is necessary to account for the diverse aspects and severities seen in TBI patients. CHI is one of the most common methods for fabricating rodent models of rmTBI. However, this method is susceptible to many factors, including the impact method used, the thickness and shape of the skull bone, animal apnea, and the type of head support and immobilization utilized. The aim of this protocol is to demonstrate a combination of the thinned-skull window and fluid percussion injury (FPI) methods to produce a precise mouse model of CHI-associated rmTBI. The primary objective of this protocol is to minimize factors that could impact the accuracy and consistency of CHI and FPI modeling, including skull bone thickness, shape, and head support. By utilizing a thinned-skull window method, potential inflammation due to craniotomy and FPI is minimized, resulting in an improved mouse model that replicates the clinical features observed in patients with mild TBI. Results from behavior and histological analysis using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining suggest that rmTBI can lead to a cumulative injury that produces changes in both behavior and gross morphology of the brain. Overall, the modified CHI-associated rmTBI presents a useful tool for researchers to explore the underlying mechanisms that contribute to focal and diffuse pathophysiological changes in rmTBI.

저자 스포트라이트: 반복적인 경미한 외상성 뇌 손상의 메커니즘 및 재활을 조사하기 위한 설치류 모델 최적화

This protocol presents a modified mouse model of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) induced via a closed-head injury (CHI) method. The approach features a thinned-skull window and fluid percussion to reduce the inflammation commonly caused by meninges exposure, along with improved reproducibility and accuracy in modeling rmTBI in rodents.

얇아진 두개골 창과 유체 타악기를 통합한 반복적인 경미한 외상성 뇌 손상의 수정된 마우스 모델

Mild traumatic brain injury is a clinically highly heterogeneous neurological disorder. Highly reproducible traumatic brain injury (TBI) animal models ...

외상성 뇌 손상에 대한 제어 피질 충격 모델

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이 비디오의 챕터

인간 유도 만능 줄기 세포 유래 신경 세포의 치료 이식으로 마우스 뇌 손상의 제어 피질 영향 모델

마우스에 반복적 인 충격 포 헤드 손상 모델

단일 및 반복적 인 경미한 외상성 뇌 손상의 마우스 모델

외상성 뇌 손상의 유도에 대한 제어 피질 영향의 뮤린 모델

설치류의 폐쇄 머리 경미한 외상성 뇌 손상의 전임상 평가를위한 저강도 폭발파 모델

외상성 출혈 타박상 및 신경염증에 대한 전임상 제어 피질 영향 모델

외상성 출혈 타박상 및 신경염증에 대한 전임상 제어 피질 영향 모델

생쥐의 경미한 외상성 뇌 손상에 대한 전자기 제어 폐쇄 머리 모델

경미한 외상성 뇌 손상의 깨어 있는 폐쇄 두부 손상 모델을 사용하여 시냅스 가소성의 변화 평가

얇아진 두개골 창과 유체 타악기를 통합한 반복적인 경미한 외상성 뇌 손상의 수정된 마우스 모델