Bu çalışma Indiana Omurilik ve Beyin Hasarı Araştırma Hibeler (SCBI 200-12) fon tarafından desteklenen, Ralph W. ve Grace M. Showalter Araştırma Ödülü, Indiana Üniversitesi Biyolojik Araştırma Grant, NIH hibe RR025761 ve 1R21NS072631-01A.

Hayvan Bakımı Erkek C57 BL / 6 fareleri, grup yer alır ve yiyecek ve su ad libitum erişmek için serbest olan bir 12/12 saat ışık / karanlık döngüsünde tutuldu. Bu protokolde kullanılan hayvanlar 10-12 haftalık oldular. Tüm prosedürler Indiana Üniversitesi Hayvan Bakım ve Kullanım Kurulu tarafından onaylanan protokoller altında yapıldı. 1.. Cerrahi Hazırlık <ol><li> Bir ketamin / ksilazin karışımı (87.7 mg / ml Ketamin ve 12.3 mg / ml Ksilazin) kullanılarak fare anestezisi ve IP enjeksiyon yoluyla (1 ml / kg) uygulanması. </li><li> Kulakları arasındaki fare başını tıraş. </li><li> Ameliyat sırasında kurumasını önlemek için fare gözlerine petrol bazlı bir jöle uygulanır. </li><li> % 10 iyot ile traşlı bölgeyi temizleyin. Sonra iyot temizlemek için% 70 etanol kullanımı. </li><li> Kulak çubukları ve lokma plaka kullanılarak stereotaktik çerçeve içinde fare kafasını düzeltin. Beyin kararlı olduğundan emin olun. </li></ol> 2. Kranyektomi </p&gt; <ol><li> Makas ile baş ortasında uzunlamasına bir kesi olun. Sol tarafında kapalı cilt tutmak için bir hemostat kullanın. </li><li> Kafatası açığa çıkarmak için kemik üzerindeki kan ve doku kaldırmak için bir pamuk uçlu bir aplikatör kullanın. Maruz kafatası 1 dakika kurumasını bekleyin. </li><li> Baskı uygulamak ve kafatası hareketsiz kalmasını sağlamak için forseps kullanın. Anatomik Simgesel Lambda (kaudal yönü) ve bregmaya (frontal yönü) belirleyin. 4 mm çapında ve uzak orta hat 0.5 mm ve Lambda bregma merkezinde bir daire çizin. </li><li> Işaretli daire boyunca kesmek için bir matkap kullanın. Nazikçe kemik tozları üflemek. Dura mater zarar görmesini önlemek için kemik yoluyla tamamen delmek yok. </li><li> Kemiği kaldırmak ve dura mater maruz forseps kullanın. </li></ol> 3. Impaction Darbe sistem etkisi parametrelerini ayarlamak için bir kontrol kutusu, çarpmasının gerçekleştirmek için bir çalıştırıcı ve hareket güvenli bir stereotaktik çerçeve içeriretki için uator ve fare kafası. <ol><li> Ameliyat öncesi 3 m / sn &#39;ye aktüatörün hızım önceden ayarlanmıştır. </li><li> Farklı bir yaralanma ciddiyetinin uyarılması için farklı deformasyon derinliği önceden ayarlanmıştır. 0,0-0,2 mm, 0.5-1.0 mm ve 1,2-2,0 mm deformasyon derinlikleri sırasıyla, hafif, orta ve ağır TBIs neden olacaktır. Bu protokol, 3 m / sn hızı ile 1 mm bir deformasyon derinliğe sahip bir orta şiddetli beyin hasarı ulaşmak için nasıl açıkladı. </li><li> Stereotaktik çerçeve içinde sahibine Aktuatörü takın ve açık kafatası alanının merkezinde aktüatör (3 mm çapında) yuvarlak, yassı ucu sabitlemek için hareket mikromanipülatörler kullanın. Daha sonra darbe yeri yüzeyine bir açı paralel ucu ayarlayın. </li><li> Ucu darbe sitenin yüzeyine değene kadar uzanan modelinde aktüatörünü aşağı hareket ettirerek sıfır noktası kurmak. Sonra sıfıra stereotaktik kontrol panelindeki Z kanalını ayarlayın. </li><li> Çarpma ucu geri çekinAynı anda 1 mm aşağı aktüatörünü hareket ederken. </li><li> Yara bölgesi vurur ve 1 mm&#39;lik bir deformasyon derinliği elde etmek için etki düğmesine basın. </li></ol> 4. Yaralanma Sitesi Kapanış <ol><li> Herhangi bir kan aşağıdaki etkisini kaldırmak için pamuk uçlu aplikatörler kullanın, ancak yaralanma alana dokunmayın. </li><li> Vücut ısısını korumak için sıcak bir pad üzerinde fare yerleştirin. </li><li> Kanama durduktan sonra, kapalı yara sütür. Temiz bir kafes içine geri hayvan koyun ve sıcak ped gecede ameliyat kurtarmak için izin verir. </li><li> Yönetme Buprenorfin 0.05-0.10 mg / kg SQ ameliyattan sonra 2 gün boyunca her 8-12 saat. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

Başarılı bir CCI neden olmak için bir elektronik mıknatıs etki sistemi ile tutarlı TBIs üretilmesi için en önemli adımlar şunlardır: 1) sabit bir şekilde stereotaktik çerçeve içinde fare baş sabitlenmesi; 2) fareler arasında kemik penceresinin aynı boyut ve kraniektomi üretilmesi sırasında bunun altında dura zarar vermeden kemik çıkarılması; 3) doğru açık alanın merkezinde darbe ucu konumlandırılması ve çarpmadan önce sıfır noktasını tesis. Bir fare k...

Travmatik beyin hasarı (TBI) bir beyin fonksiyonlarında değişiklik, ya da bir dış kuvvet 1 kaynaklanan beyin patoloji diğer delil olarak tanımlanır. TBIs özellikle Amerika Birleşik Devletleri&#39;nde ve dünya çapında önemli bir sağlık sorunu olmaya devam etmektedir. Hastalık Kontrol ve Önleme Merkezlerine göre, en az 1.7 milyon TBIs bütün yaralanmalı bağlı ölümlerin% 30.5 sonuçlanan Birleşik Devletleri&#39;nde yılda meydana gelir. 2000 yılında, doğrudan tıbbi maliyetleri ve TBIs dolaylı maliyetler tek başına ABD&#39;de tahmini 76500000000 $ olarak gerçekleşti. Önceki yıllarda teknolojik gelişmeler ve tedavi TBIs muzdarip olanlar için yaşam kalitesini ve uzunluğunu geliştirilmiş olmasına rağmen, etkili bir ilaç veya koruyucu tedaviler şu anda mevcut. Nedeniyle karmaşıklığı ve doku lezyonları, hücre ölümü ve akson dejenerasyon da dahil olmak üzere TBIs, geniş kapsamlı etkileri, herhangi bir iki yaralanma aynıdır; Böylece, hayvanlar için hiçbir geçerli TBI modeli doğru üretirTBI tüm yönleri olarak insanlarda görülen. Ancak, hayvan modelleri daha TBIs klinik belirtilerini anlamak umuduyla TBI çeşitli etkilerini araştırmak için gerekli hemen hemen aynı yaralanmaları üretme yeteneği sağlarlar. Kontrol kortikal darbe (CCI) modeli bir hayvanın maruz dura fiziksel etki sunmak için bir darbe sistemi kullanır. Bu hafif insanlar tarafından hissedilen şiddetli benzer değişen TBIs uyarmaktadır. Bu yaralanma ilk olarak gelincik 2 özelliği ve daha sonra 3,4-sıçan, fare 5-7 ve koyun 8 kullanılmak üzere uyarlanmıştır. İlk nitelenmesi, yaralanma site orta hat 2,9 ve lateral kortekse 10 üzerinden hem yerleştirildi. CCI TBIs için ve potansiyel etkisini araştıran tedavi kolay ve doğru bir metot sağlar. CCİ modeli, sıvı perküsyon ve ağırlık düşümüne ilave olarak modelleri işbirliği vardırmmonly TBIs üretmek için kullanılır. Ancak, bu modeller daha az yaralanma parametreleri üzerinde kontrol, insan TBIs görmedim eden histopatolojik değişiklikleri üreten, ve farelerde 3,5,10 kazayla ölüm insidans dahil mevcut sınırlamalar,. Patlama dalgası modeli aynı TBIs üretmek için kullanılır. Patlama dalgası modeli mekanik etkisi aşağıdaki görülmüştür eden histopatolojik değişiklikleri yeniden olmamasına rağmen, bu modeli doğru özellikle askeri personel 11 deneyimli TBIs üretiyor. Kontrollü kortikal etki modeli nedeniyle, zaman, hız ve etki 5 derinliği olarak deformasyon parametreleri üzerinde tam kontrolü için kontrol etmek kolaydır. Böyle bir doğruluk daha uygulanabilir bütün bir hayvan grubunun genelinde yaklaşık aynı yaralanmaları kopyalayan yapar. En önemlisi, CCI insan TBIs 12 görülen özelliklere sahip TBIs üretir. Ancak, patolojik chan tam spektrum üreyen tümüyle başarılı tek bir hayvan modeli vardırTBI sonrası gözlenen Ges. Daha fazla araştırma tamamen TBI sonra meydana akut ve kronik değişiklikleri ortaya çıkarmak için gereklidir. Birincil ve ikincil yaralanmalar: yaralanmaları iki tip bir TBI sonrasında görülmektedir. Birincil yaralanma çarpma anında meydana gelir ve terapötik tedaviler duyarlı değildir; Ancak, ilk hasardan sonra devam ikincil yaralanmalar tedavilere 13 tabidir. Kontrollü kortikal etki modeli böylece araştırmacılar ikincil yaralanma potansiyel uzun süreli etkileri için TBI etkilerini ve potansiyel terapötik tedavileri araştırmak için izin, birincil yaralanma üretir. CCI modelini kullanarak potansiyel araştırma alanları nöronal ölüm, serebral ödem, nöron, vasküler etkileri, eden histopatolojik değişiklikleri ve hafıza açıkları ve 3,13-16 daha fazlasını içerir.

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			<td>Surgery</td>
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controlled cortical impact model for traumatic brain injury

Every year over a million Americans suffer a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Combined with the incidence of TBIs worldwide, the physical, emotional, social, and economical effects are staggering. Therefore, further research into the effects of TBI and effective treatments is necessary. The controlled cortical impact (CCI) model induces traumatic brain injuries ranging from mild to severe. This method uses a rigid impactor to deliver mechanical energy to an intact dura exposed following a craniectomy. Impact is made under precise parameters at a set velocity to achieve a pre-determined deformation depth. Although other TBI models, such as weight drop and fluid percussion, exist, CCI is more accurate, easier to control, and most importantly, produces traumatic brain injuries similar to those seen in humans. However, no TBI model is currently able to reproduce pathological changes identical to those seen in human patients. The CCI model allows investigation into the short-term and long-term effects of TBI, such as neuronal death, memory deficits, and cerebral edema, as well as potential therapeutic treatments for TBI.

Kontrollü kortikal etki modeli hafif şiddetli şiddeti arasında değişen TBIs üretir. Post-darbe kafatası şişme miktarı, kanama, ve darbe yerinde kranial bozulma hızı ve deformasyon derinliği parametreleri kaynaklanan yaralanma şiddetinin ortaya çıkaracaktır. Hafif TBIs nedeniyle sınırlı dura ihlali darbe site ve hafif kanama da kranial şişmesine neden. Bir orta TBI kranial şişme sergiler nedeniyle impaksiyon üzerine dura ihlali (Şekil 1) artmış kanama. Orta ve şiddetli TBI a...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury at JoVE.com

Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) remain a serious health problem. Using the controlled cortical impact surgery model, research on the effects of TBI and possible treatment methods may be performed.

Travmatik Beyin Hasarı için Kontrollü Kortikal Etki Modeli

Every year over a million Americans suffer a traumatic brain injury (TBI).  Combined with the incidence of TBIs worldwide, the physical, emotional, ...

controlled-cortical-impact-model-for-traumatic-brain-injury

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

28.4K Görüntüleme.  Indiana University School of Medicine. Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) remain a serious health problem. Using the controlled cortical impact surgery model, research on the effects of TBI and possible treatment methods may be performed.

Video: Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury

Pressure Controlled Ventilation to Induce Acute Lung Injury in Mice

Murine models are extensively used to investigate acute injuries of different organs systems (1-34). Acute lung injury (ALI), which occurs with prolonged mechanical ventilation, contributes to morbidity and mortality of critical illness, and studies on novel genetic or pharmacological targets are areas of intense investigation (1-3, 5, 8, 26, 30, 33-36). ALI is defined by the acute onset of the disease, which leads to non-cardiac pulmonary edema and subsequent impairment of pulmonary gas exchange (36). We have developed a murine model of ALI by using a pressure-controlled ventilation to induce ventilator-induced lung injury (2). For this purpose, C57BL/6 mice are anesthetized and a tracheotomy is performed followed by induction of ALI via mechanical ventilation. Mice are ventilated in a pressure-controlled setting with an inspiratory peak pressure of 45 mbar over 1 - 3 hours. As outcome parameters, pulmonary edema (wet-to-dry ratio), bronchoalveolar fluid albumin content, bronchoalveolar fluid and pulmonary tissue myeloperoxidase content and pulmonary gas exchange are assessed (2). Using this technique we could show that it sufficiently induces acute lung inflammation and can distinguish between different treatment groups or genotypes (1-3, 5). Therefore this technique may be helpful for researchers who pursue molecular mechanisms involved in ALI using a genetic approach in mice with gene-targeted deletion.

A murine model for ventilator induced lung injury is an important tool to study an acute lung injury in vivo. Here, we report an easy applicable in situ model for acute lung injury using high-pressure mechanical ventilation to induce acute failure of the lung.

Farelerde Akut Akciğer Hasarı tetikleyebilecek Basınç Kontrollü Havalandırma

Murine models are extensively used to investigate acute injuries of different organs systems (1-34). Acute lung injury (ALI), which occurs with prolonged ...

Tıp

Controlled Cervical Laceration Injury in Mice

Use of genetically modified mice enhances our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying several neurological disorders such as a spinal cord injury (SCI). Freehand manual control used to produce a laceration model of SCI creates inconsistent injuries often associated with a crush or contusion component and, therefore, a novel technique was developed. Our model of cervical laceration SCI has resolved inherent difficulties with the freehand method by incorporating 1) cervical vertebral stabilization by vertebral facet fixation, 2) enhanced spinal cord exposure, and 3) creation of a reproducible laceration of the spinal cord using an oscillating blade with an accuracy of &plusmn;0.01 mm in depth without associated contusion. Compared to the standard methods of creating a SCI laceration such as freehand use of a scalpel or scissors, our method has produced a consistent lesion. This method is useful for studies on axonal regeneration of corticospinal, rubrospinal, and dorsal ascending tracts.

A novel technique to create a reproducible in vivo model of cervical spinal cord laceration injury in the mouse is described. This technique is based on spine stabilization by fixation of the cervical facets and laceration of the spinal cord using an oscillating blade with an accuracy of &plusmn;0.01 mm.

Farelerde Kontrollü Servikal yırtığı Sakatlık

Use of genetically modified mice enhances our  understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying several neurological disorders  such as a spinal cord ...

Stretch in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (cEND) as an In Vitro Traumatic Brain Injury Model of the Blood Brain Barrier

Due to the high mortality incident brought about by traumatic brain injury (TBI), methods that would enable one to better understand the underlying mechanisms involved in it are useful for treatment. There are both in vivo and in vitro methods available for this purpose. In vivo models can mimic actual head injury as it occurs during TBI. However, in vivo techniques may not be exploited for studies at the cell physiology level. Hence, in vitro methods are more advantageous for this purpose since they provide easier access to the cells and the extracellular environment for manipulation.
Our protocol presents an in vitro model of TBI using stretch injury in brain microvascular endothelial cells. It utilizes pressure applied to the cells cultured in flexible-bottomed wells. The pressure applied may easily be controlled and can produce injury that ranges from low to severe. The murine brain microvascular endothelial cells (cEND) generated in our laboratory is a well-suited model for the blood brain barrier (BBB) thus providing an advantage to other systems that employ a similar technique. In addition, due to the simplicity of the method, experimental set-ups are easily duplicated. Thus, this model can be used in studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in TBI at the BBB.

Stretch in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells cEND as an In Vitro Traumatic Brain Injury Model of the Blood Brain Barrier

In vitro traumatic brain injury models are being developed to reproduce in vivo brain deformation. Stretch-induced injury has been employed for astrocytes, neurons, glial cells, aortic, and brain endothelial cells. However, our system uses a blood brain barrier (BBB) model that possesses properties constituting a legitimate model of the BBB to establish an in vitro&#160;TBI model.

Bir olarak beyin mikrovasküler endotel hücreleri (cend) olarak gerin<em&gt; In Vitro</emKan Beyin Bariyer&gt; Travmatik Beyin Hasarı Modeli

Due to the high mortality incident brought about by traumatic brain injury (TBI), methods that would enable one to better understand the underlying ...

Renal Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury: A Mouse Model of Injury and Regeneration

Renal ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients and occlusion of renal blood flow is unavoidable during renal transplantation. Experimental models that accurately and reproducibly recapitulate renal IRI are crucial in dissecting the pathophysiology of AKI and the development of novel therapeutic agents. Presented here is a mouse model of renal IRI that results in reproducible AKI. This is achieved by a midline laparotomy approach for the surgery with one incision allowing both a right nephrectomy that provides control tissue and clamping of the left renal pedicle to induce ischaemia of the left kidney. By careful monitoring of the clamp position and body temperature during the period of ischaemia this model achieves reproducible functional and structural injury. Mice sacrificed 24 hr&#160;following surgery demonstrate loss of renal function with elevation of the serum or plasma creatinine level as well as structural kidney damage with acute tubular necrosis evident. Renal function improves and the acute tissue injury resolves during the course of 7 days following renal IRI such that this model may be used to study renal regeneration. This model of renal IRI has been utilized to study the molecular and cellular pathophysiology of AKI as well as analysis of the subsequent renal regeneration.

The mouse model of renal ischaemia reperfusion injury described here comprises of a right nephrectomy that provides control tissue and clamping of the left renal pedicle to induce ischaemia that results in acute kidney injury. This model uses a midline laparotomy approach with all steps performed via one incision.

Renal İskemi Reperfüzyon Hasarı: Yaralanma Fare Modeli ve Rejenerasyon

Renal ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients and occlusion of renal blood flow is unavoidable ...

A Novel Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury for Juvenile Rats

Despite growing evidence that childhood represents a major risk period for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) from sports-related concussions, motor vehicle accidents, and falls, a reliable animal model of mTBI had previously not been developed for this important aspect of development. The modified weight-drop technique employs a glancing impact to the head of a freely moving rodent transmitting acceleration, deceleration, and rotational forces upon the brain. When applied to juvenile rats, this modified weight-drop technique induced clinically relevant behavioural outcomes that were representative of post-concussion symptomology. The technique is a rapidly applied procedure with an extremely low mortality rate, rendering it ideal for high-throughput studies of therapeutics. In addition, because the procedure involves a mild injury to a closed head, it can easily be used for studies of repetitive brain injury. Owing to the simplistic nature of this technique, and the clinically relevant biomechanics of the injury pathophysiology, the modified weight-drop technique provides researchers with a reliable model of mTBI that can be used in a wide variety of behavioural, molecular, and genetic studies.

The modified weight-drop technique is an easy, cost-effective procedure used for the induction of mild traumatic brain injury in juvenile rats. This novel technique produces clinically relevant symptomology that will advance the study of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and concussion.

Çocuk Rats için Hafif Travmatik Beyin Hasarı Yeni Bir Model

Despite growing evidence that childhood represents a major risk period for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) from sports-related concussions, motor ...

Calibrated Forceps Model of Spinal Cord Compression Injury

Compression injuries of the murine spinal cord are valuable animal models for the study of spinal cord injury (SCI) and spinal regenerative therapy. The calibrated forceps model of compression injury is a convenient, low cost, and very reproducible animal model for SCI. We used a pair of modified forceps in accordance with the method published by Plemel et al. (2008) to laterally compress the spinal cord to a distance of 0.35 mm. In this video, we will demonstrate a dorsal laminectomy to expose the spinal cord, followed by compression of the spinal cord with the modified forceps. In the video, we will also address issues related to the care of paraplegic laboratory animals. This injury model produces mice that exhibit impairment in sensation, as well as impaired hindlimb locomotor function. Furthermore, this method of injury produces consistent aberrations in the pathology of the SCI, as determined by immunohistochemical methods. After watching this video, viewers should be able to determine the necessary supplies and methods for producing SCI of various severities in the mouse for studies on SCI and/or treatments designed to mitigate impairment after injury.

Spinal cord injury models should be highly reproducible. We demonstrate that the calibrated forceps compression model of spinal cord injury is an easy to use surgical method for generating reproducible injuries to the murine spinal cord.

Omurilik Sıkıştırma Yaralanma Kalibre Forseps Modeli

Compression injuries of the murine spinal cord are valuable animal models for the study of spinal cord injury (SCI) and spinal regenerative therapy. The ...

A Tissue Displacement-based Contusive Spinal Cord Injury Model in Mice

Producing a consistent and reproducible contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) is critical to minimizing behavioral and histological variabilities between experimental animals. Several contusive SCI models have been developed to produce injuries using different mechanisms. The severity of the SCI is based on the height that a given weight is dropped, the injury force, or the spinal cord displacement. In the current study, we introduce a novel mouse contusive SCI device, the Louisville Injury System Apparatus (LISA) impactor, which can create a displacement-based SCI with high injury velocity and accuracy. This system utilizes laser distance sensors combined with advanced software to produce graded and highly-reproducible injuries. We performed a contusive SCI at the 10th thoracic vertebral (T10) level in mice to demonstrate the step-by-step procedure. The model can also be applied to the cervical and lumbar spinal levels.

We introduce a tissue displacement-based contusive spinal cord injury model that can produce a consistent contusive spinal cord injury in adult mice.

Farelerde Doku Yerinden Olma Esaslı Taşan Spinal Kord Yaralanması Modeli

Producing a consistent and reproducible contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) is critical to minimizing behavioral and histological variabilities between ...

A Mouse Model of Single and Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) can result in the acute loss of brain function, including a period of confusion, a loss of consciousness (LOC), focal neurological deficits and even amnesia. Athletes participating in contact sports are at high risk of exposure to large number of mTBIs. In terms of the level of injury in a sporting athlete, a mTBI is defined as a mild injury that does not cause gross pathological changes, but does cause short-term neurological deficits that are spontaneously resolved. Despite previous attempts to model mTBI in mice and rats, many have reported gross adverse effects including skull fractures, intracerebral bleeding, axonal injury and neuronal cell death. Herein, we describe our highly reproducible animal model of mTBI that reproduces clinically relevant symptoms. This model uses a custom made pneumatic impactor device to deliver a closed-head trauma. This impact is made under precise velocity and deformation parameters, creating a reliable and reproducible model to examine the mechanisms that contribute to effects of single or repetitive concussive mTBI.

Athletes absorb several hundred mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI)/concussions every year; however, the consequence of these on the brain is poorly understood. Therefore, an animal model of single and repetitive mTBI that consistently replicates clinically relevant symptoms provides the means to advance the study of mTBI and concussion.

Tek ve Tekrarlayan Hafif Travmatik Beyin Hasarı İçin Bir Fare Modeli

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) can result in the acute loss of brain function, including a period of confusion, a loss of consciousness (LOC), focal ...

Semi-quantitative Assessment Using [18F]FDG Tracer in Patients with Severe Brain Injury

Patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) have difficulty knowing whether they are accurately expressing their thoughts and emotions because of disorders of consciousness, disrupted higher brain function, and verbal disturbances. As a consequence of an insufficient ability to communicate, objective evaluations are needed from family members, medical staff, and caregivers. One such evaluation is the assessment of functioning brain areas. Recently, multimodal brain imaging has been used to explore the function of damaged brain areas. [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography ([18F]FDG-PET/CT) is a successful tool for examining brain function. However, the assessment of brain glucose metabolism based on [18F]FDG-PET/CT is not standardized and depends on several varying parameters, as well as the patient&#39;s condition. Here, we describe a series of semiquantitative assessment protocols for a region-of-interest (ROI) image analysis using self-produced [18F]FDG tracers in patients with sTBI. The protocol focuses on screening the participants, preparing the [18F]FDG tracer in the hot lab, scheduling the acquisition of [18F]FDG-PET/CT brain images, and measuring glucose metabolism using the ROI analysis from a targeted brain area.

Semi-quantitative Assessment Using [18F]FDG Tracer in Patients with Severe Brain Injury

[18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography is useful for studying glucose metabolism related to brain function. Here, we present a protocol for an [18F]FDG tracer set-up and semiquantitative assessment of the region-of-interest analysis for targeted brain areas associated with clinical manifestations in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

Yarı kantitatif değerlendirmesi ağır beyin hasarı olan hastalarda [18F] FDG izleyici kullanarak

Patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) have difficulty knowing whether they are accurately expressing their thoughts and emotions because of ...

Tracking Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide-labeled Mesenchymal Stem Cells using MRI after Intranasal Delivery in a Traumatic Brain Injury Murine Model

Stem cell-based therapies for brain injuries, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), are a promising approach for clinical trials. However, technical hurdles such as invasive cell delivery and tracking with low transplantation efficiency remain challenges in translational stem-based therapy. This article describes an emerging technique for stem cell labeling and tracking based on the labeling of the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)&#160;nanoparticles, as well as intranasal delivery of the labeled MSCs. These nanoparticles are fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-embedded and safe to label the MSCs, which are subsequently delivered to the brains of TBI-induced mice by the intranasal route. They are then tracked non-invasively in vivo by real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Important advantages of this technique that combines SPIO for cell labeling and intranasal delivery include (1) non-invasive, in vivo MSC tracking after delivery for long tracking periods, (2) the possibility of multiple dosing regimens due to the non-invasive route of MSC delivery, and (3) possible applications to humans, owing to the safety of SPIO, non-invasive nature of the cell-tracking method by MRI, and route of administration.

Presented here is a protocol for non-invasive mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) delivery and tracking in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. Superparamagnetic iron oxide&#160;nanoparticles are employed as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe for MSC labeling and non-invasive in vivo tracking following intranasal delivery using real-time MRI.

Travmatik Beyin Hasarı Murine Modelinde İntranazal Doğum sonrası MRG kullanarak Süperparamanyetik Demir Oksit etiketli Mezenkimal Kök Hücrelerin Takibi

Stem cell-based therapies for brain injuries, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), are a promising approach for clinical trials. However, technical ...